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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Gauge theorie »

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Publié le 9 mars 2023

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1

Reshetnyak, Alexander. « On gauge independence for gauge models with soft breaking of BRST symmetry ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no 30 (8 décembre 2014) : 1450184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1450184x.

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A consistent quantum treatment of general gauge theories with an arbitrary gauge-fixing in the presence of soft breaking of the BRST symmetry in the field–antifield formalism is developed. It is based on a gauged (involving a field-dependent parameter) version of finite BRST transformations. The prescription allows one to restore the gauge-independence of the effective action at its extremals and therefore also that of the conventional S-matrix for a theory with BRST-breaking terms being additively introduced into a BRST-invariant action in order to achieve a consistency of the functional integral. We demonstrate the applicability of this prescription within the approach of functional renormalization group to the Yang–Mills and gravity theories. The Gribov–Zwanziger action and the refined Gribov–Zwanziger action for a many-parameter family of gauges, including the Coulomb, axial and covariant gauges, are derived perturbatively on the basis of finite gauged BRST transformations starting from Landau gauge. It is proved that gauge theories with soft breaking of BRST symmetry can be made consistent if the transformed BRST-breaking terms satisfy the same soft BRST symmetry breaking condition in the resulting gauge as the untransformed ones in the initial gauge, and also without this requirement.
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2

LAVELLE, MARTIN, et DAVID MCMULLAN. « GAUGE FIXING, UNITARITY AND PHASE SPACE PATH INTEGRALS ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no 21 (20 août 1992) : 5245–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92002404.

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We analyse the extent to which path integral techniques can be used to directly prove the unitarity of gauge theories. After reviewing the limitations of the most widely used approaches, we concentrate upon the method which is commonly regarded as solving the problem, i.e. that of Fradkin and Vilkovisky. We show through explicit counterexamples that their main theorem is incorrect. A proof is presented for a restricted version of their theorem. From this restricted theorem we are able to rederive Faddeev’s unitary phase space results for a wide class of canonical gauges (which includes the Coulomb gauge) and for the Feynman gauge. However, we show that there are serious problems with the extensions of this argument to the Landau gauge and hence the full Lorentz class. We conclude that there does not yet exist any satisfactory path integral discussion of the covariant gauges.
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3

CLARK, T. E., C. H. LEE et S. T. LOVE. « SUPERSYMMETRIC TENSOR GAUGE THEORIES ». Modern Physics Letters A 04, no 14 (20 juillet 1989) : 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389001532.

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The supersymmetric extensions of anti-symmetric tensor gauge theories and their associated tensor gauge symmetry transformations are constructed. The classical equivalence between such supersymmetric tensor gauge theories and supersymmetric non-linear sigma models is established. The global symmetry of the supersymmetric tensor gauge theory is gauged and the locally invariant action is obtained. The supercurrent on the Kähler manifold is found in terms of the supersymmetric tensor gauge field.
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4

Kogan, Ian I., Alex Lewis et Oleg A. Soloviev. « Gauge Dressing of 2D Field Theories ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no 13 (20 mai 1997) : 2425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001419.

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By using the gauge Ward identities, we study correlation functions of gauged WZNW models. We show that the gauge dressing of the correlation functions can be taken into account as a solution of the Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov equation. Our method is analogous to the analysis of the gravitational dressing of 2D field theories.
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5

Nakkagawa, Hisao, Akira Niégawa et Bernard Pire. « Gauge (in)dependence of the fermion damping rate in hot gauge theories ». Canadian Journal of Physics 71, no 5-6 (1 mai 1993) : 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p93-043.

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The gauge-(in)dependence problem of the fermion damping rate in hot gauge theories is carefully examined to the effective one-loop order using a recently proposed resummation method in terms of the so-called "hard thermal loops." Explicit analysis is given in the case of a heavy fermion [Formula: see text], which enables us to investigate the essential point of the controversy in detail. Calculation in general covariant gauges shows in which calculation procedure we can get a gauge-parameter independent result. We also show, with explicit calculations, that the difference in the damping rate in the Landau and the Coulomb gauges is nonleading. Thus the leading-order damping rate is gauge independent within the Coulomb and general covariant gauges if an appropriate calculation procedure is employed.
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6

Kobes, R., G. Kunstatter et K. Mak. « Damping of fermions in hot gauge theories ». Canadian Journal of Physics 71, no 5-6 (1 mai 1993) : 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p93-040.

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The calculation of the massless fermion damping rate to order g2T in the long-wavelength limit of hot gauge theories using the recently developed resummation methods in terms of hard thermal loops is reviewed. Ward identities between the effective propagators and vertices are used to formally prove the gauge independence of the damping rate to this order in a wide class of gauges. We also discuss some aspects of the cutoff dependence of the gauge-dependent terms proportional to the mass-shell condition.
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7

Wess, Julius. « Gauge Theories beyond Gauge Theories ». Fortschritte der Physik 49, no 4-6 (mai 2001) : 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200105)49:4/6<377 ::aid-prop377>3.0.co;2-2.

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8

Wess, Julius. « Gauge Theories beyond Gauge Theories ». Fortschritte der Physik 49, no 4-6 (mai 2001) : 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3978(200105)49:4/6<377 ::aid-prop377>3.3.co;2-u.

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9

Masood, Syed, Mushtaq B. Shah et Prince A. Ganai. « Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Lorentz violating background ». International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no 02 (24 janvier 2018) : 1850021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500214.

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In this paper, we study spontaneous symmetry breaking of gauge theories in a Lorentz violating background. Here, Lorentz symmetry will be broken down to its subgroup using the formalism of very special relativity. The breaking of the Lorentz symmetry will modify the gauge theories, and this will in turn modify the Higgs mechanisms for such theories. We will explicitly demonstrate that the different Hilbert spaces in various gauges of this theory can be related to each other through the gaugeon formalism. We will also discuss the FFBRST transformation for this theory, and observe that gaugeon formalism can be obtained from same. Thus, by making the BRST parameter finite and field dependent, we can relate different Hilbert spaces in different gauges for a gauge theory with spontaneous symmetry breaking in VSR.
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10

Litim, Daniel F., et Jan M. Pawlowski. « Renormalisation group flows for gauge theories in axial gauges ». Journal of High Energy Physics 2002, no 09 (23 septembre 2002) : 049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/09/049.

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11

Frolov, S. A. « BRST quantization of gauge theories in hamiltonian-like gauges ». Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 87, no 2 (mai 1991) : 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01016119.

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12

Shah, Mushtaq Bashir, et Prince Ahmad Ganai. « A study of 3-form gauge theories in the Lorentz violating background ». International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no 07 (24 mai 2018) : 1850106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818501062.

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We study the Lorentz symmetry breaking of the 3-form gauge theory down to its sub-group. A 3-form gauge theory is studied in such a Lorentz violating background and these symmetry violation effects will affect the aspects of such a gauge theory. Also, we study the gaugeon formalism and FFBRST of 3-form theory in such a background. It is seen that the generating functional gets modified. With this, we obtain a connection between covariant and noncovariant gauges of such a gauge theory. Furthermore, we study the Batalin–Vilkovisky (BV) formulation of such a gauge theory in such a Lorentz violating background.
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13

SON, EDWIN J., et WONTAE KIM. « NOTE ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL GAUGED LIFSHITZ MODELS ». Modern Physics Letters A 26, no 37 (7 décembre 2011) : 2755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311037157.

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We fermionize the two-dimensional free Lifshitz scalar field in order to identify what the gauge-covariant couplings are, and then they are bosonized back to get the gauged Lifshitz scalar field theories. We show that they give the same physical modes with those of the corresponding Lorentz invariant gauged scalar theories, although the dispersion relations are different.
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14

POPPITZ, ERICH, et YANWEN SHANG. « "LIGHT FROM CHAOS" IN TWO DIMENSIONS ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no 27n28 (10 novembre 2008) : 4545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041281.

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We perform a Monte Carlo study of the lattice two-dimensional gauged XY-model. Our results confirm the strong-coupling expansion arguments that for sufficiently small values of the spin–spin coupling the "gauge symmetry breaking" terms decouple and the long-distance physics is that of the unbroken pure gauge theory. We find no evidence for the existence, conjectured earlier, of massless states near a critical value of the spin–spin coupling. We comment on recent remarks in the literature on the use of gauged XY-models in proposed constructions of chiral lattice gauge theories.
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15

Fabiano, Nikola. « Regularization in quantum field theories ». Vojnotehnicki glasnik 70, no 3 (2022) : 720–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg70-34284.

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Introduction/purpose: The principal techniques of regularization schemes and their validity for gauge field theories are discussed. Methods: Schemes of dimensional regularization, Pauli-Villars and lattice regularization are discussed. Results: The Coleman-Mandula theorem shows which gauge theories are renormalizable. Conclusion: Some gauge field theories are renormalizable, the Standard Model in particular.
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16

PIGUET, O., et K. SIBOLD. « NONRENORMALIZATION THEOREMS OF CHIRAL ANOMALIES AND FINITENESS IN SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS THEORIES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 01, no 04 (décembre 1986) : 913–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x86000332.

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We prove a generalized nonrenormalization theorem for U(1) axial anomalies in rigid N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories in 4 space-time dimensions. The theorem implies one-loop criteria for β-functions vanishing to all orders of perturbation theory. The criteria are applicable to all N=1 theories with simple gauge group.
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17

HARADA, KOJI. « NON-ABELIAN ANOMALOUS GAUGE THEORIES IN TWO DIMENSIONS AND CHIRAL BOSONIZATION ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no 23 (10 décembre 1990) : 4469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001872.

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18

KONDO, KEI-ICHI, SUSUMU SHUTO et KOICHI YAMAWAKI. « PHASE STRUCTURE OF QCD-LIKE GAUGE THEORIES PLUS FOUR-FERMION INTERACTIONS ». Modern Physics Letters A 06, no 37 (7 décembre 1991) : 3385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391003912.

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We investigate the phase structure of (QCD-like) gauged Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (QCD-like gauge theories plus four-fermion interactions) based on the ladder Schwinger-Dyson equation with one-loop running gauge coupling. Through analytical and numerial studies, we establish two-fixed points structure, one with a large anomalous dimension γm ≃ 2 and the other with a small one γm ≃ 0. We further obtain the power critical exponents through the equation of state, which, as they stand, imply that the former fixed point is a Gaussian fixed point. We emphasize that logarithmic corrections due to the gauge interaction is crucial to obtaining an interacting continuum theory at this fixed point.
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19

Joglekar, Satish D. « General theory of renormalization of gauge theories in nonlinear gauges ». Pramana 32, no 3 (mars 1989) : 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02879014.

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20

GRANDITS, PETER. « ON NON-SUPERSYMMETRIC FINITE QUANTUM FIELD THEORIES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, no 10 (20 avril 1995) : 1507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95000723.

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In a previous paper, requiring finiteness of Yukawa couplings in one-loop approximation, a no-go theorem for the finiteness of non-supersymmetric gauge theories with gauge group SU (n) was proven. Interestingly enough the gauge group SU(5), prominent in GUT models, was not covered by this proof. However, with somewhat more effort the no-go theorem can be extended to this case. Considering an even larger class of particle contents, we show that the number of possibly finite theories is greatly reduced. It should be stressed that our results are based upon two-loop finiteness of the gauge coupling, although in order to find really finite theories the finiteness conditions on the quartic scalar couplings have to be considered too.
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21

Monnier, Samuel. « Topological field theories on manifolds with Wu structures ». Reviews in Mathematical Physics 29, no 05 (12 avril 2017) : 1750015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x17500155.

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We construct invertible field theories generalizing abelian prequantum spin Chern–Simons theory to manifolds of dimension [Formula: see text] endowed with a Wu structure of degree [Formula: see text]. After analyzing the anomalies of a certain discrete symmetry, we gauge it, producing topological field theories whose path integral reduces to a finite sum, akin to Dijkgraaf–Witten theories. We take a general point of view where the Chern–Simons gauge group and its couplings are encoded in a local system of integral lattices. The Lagrangian of these theories has to be interpreted as a class in a generalized cohomology theory in order to obtain a gauge invariant action. We develop a computationally friendly cochain model for this generalized cohomology and use it in a detailed study of the properties of the Wu Chern–Simons action. In the 3-dimensional spin case, the latter provides a definition of the “fermionic correction” introduced recently in the literature on fermionic symmetry protected topological phases. In order to construct the state space of the gauged theories, we develop an analogue of geometric quantization for finite abelian groups endowed with a skew-symmetric pairing. The physical motivation for this work comes from the fact that in the [Formula: see text] case, the gauged 7-dimensional topological field theories constructed here are essentially the anomaly field theories of the 6-dimensional conformal field theories with [Formula: see text] supersymmetry, as will be discussed elsewhere.
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22

Musielak, Zdzislaw E., Lesley C. Vestal, Bao D. Tran et Timothy B. Watson. « Gauge Functions in Classical Mechanics : From Undriven to Driven Dynamical Systems ». Physics 2, no 3 (9 septembre 2020) : 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics2030024.

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Novel gauge functions are introduced to non-relativistic classical mechanics and used to define forces. The obtained results show that the gauge functions directly affect the energy function and allow for converting an undriven physical system into a driven one. This is a novel phenomenon in dynamics that resembles the role of gauges in quantum field theories.
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23

Kenyon, I. R. « Gauge theories ». European Journal of Physics 7, no 2 (1 avril 1986) : 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/7/2/008.

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24

Hooft, Gerard. « Gauge theories ». Scholarpedia 3, no 12 (2008) : 7443. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.7443.

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25

Bassetto, A., et M. Dalbosco. « SOME REMARKS CONCERNING THE FINITENESS OF N=4 SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG MILLS THEORIES ». Modern Physics Letters A 03, no 01 (janvier 1988) : 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388000106.

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We carefully discuss the finiteness of SUSY YM N=4 in the light cone gauge, first at the one loop level by directly exhibiting the relevant terms of the lowest order Green functions and then at any loop order by using a recent treatment of the renormalization of general Yang-Mills theories in the light cone gauge. We point out the existence of a set of divergent Green functions which however do not contribute to observable quantities, thereby recovering consistency with formulations in other gauges.
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26

DE BOER, J., et M. B. HALPERN. « NEW SPIN-2 GAUGED SIGMA MODELS AND GENERAL CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no 26 (20 octobre 1998) : 4487–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9800216x.

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Recently, we have studied the general Virasoro construction at one loop in the background of the general nonlinear sigma model. Here, we find the action formulation of these new conformal field theories when the background sigma model is itself conformal. In this case, the new conformal field theories are described by a large class of new spin-2 gauged sigma models. As examples of the new actions, we discuss the spin-2 gauged WZW actions, which describe the conformal field theories of the generic affine-Virasoro construction, and the spin-2 gauged g/h coset constructions. We are able to identify the latter as the actions of the local Lie h-invariant conformal field theories, a large class of generically irrational conformal field theories with a local gauge symmetry.
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27

Joseph, Anosh. « Review of lattice supersymmetry and gauge-gravity duality ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no 27 (30 septembre 2015) : 1530054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300549.

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We review the status of recent investigations on validating the gauge-gravity duality conjecture through numerical simulations of strongly coupled maximally supersymmetric thermal gauge theories. In the simplest setting, the gauge-gravity duality connects systems of D0-branes and black hole geometries at finite temperature to maximally supersymmetric gauged quantum mechanics at the same temperature. Recent simulations show that nonperturbative gauge theory results give excellent agreement with the quantum gravity predictions, thus proving strong evidence for the validity of the duality conjecture and more insight into quantum black holes and gravity.
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28

Phillips, Stephen. « A study of the path-integral quantization of Abelian gauge theories when no explicit gauge-fixing term is included in the bilinear part of the gauge-field action ». Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no 10 (1 octobre 1985) : 1334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-220.

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The mathematical problem of inverting the operator [Formula: see text] as it arises in the path-integral quantization of an Abelian gauge theory, such as quantum electrodynamics, when no gauge-fixing Lagrangian field density is included, is studied in this article.Making use of the fact that the Schwinger source functions, which are introduced for the purpose of generating Green's functions, are free of divergence, a result that follows from the conversion of the exponentiated action into a Gaussian form, the apparently noninvertible partial differential equation, [Formula: see text], can, by the addition and subsequent subtraction of terms containing the divergence of the source function, be cast into a form that does possess a Green's function solution. The gauge-field propagator is the same as that obtained by the conventional technique, which involves gauge fixing when the gauge parameter, α, is set equal to one.Such an analysis suggests also that, provided the effect of fictitious particles that propagate only in closed loops are included for the study of Green's functions in non-Abelian gauge theories in Landau-type gauges, then, in quantizing either Abelian gauge theories or non-Abelian gauge theories in this generic kind of gauge, it is not necessary to add an explicit gauge-fixing term to the bilinear part of the gauge-field action.
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29

Yu. Moshin, Pavel, et Alexander A. Reshetnyak. « Finite field-dependent BRST–anti-BRST transformations : Jacobians and application to the Standard Model ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no 20n21 (27 juillet 2016) : 1650111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16501116.

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We continue our research[Formula: see text] and extend the class of finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations with odd-valued parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], introduced in these works. In doing so, we evaluate the Jacobians induced by finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations linear in functionally-dependent parameters, as well as those induced by finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations with arbitrary functional parameters. The calculations cover the cases of gauge theories with a closed algebra, dynamical systems with first-class constraints, and general gauge theories. The resulting Jacobians in the case of linearized transformations are different from those in the case of polynomial dependence on the parameters. Finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations with arbitrary parameters induce an extra contribution to the quantum action, which cannot be absorbed into a change of the gauge. These transformations include an extended case of functionally-dependent parameters that implies a modified compensation equation, which admits nontrivial solutions leading to a Jacobian equal to unity. Finite BRST–anti-BRST transformations with functionally-dependent parameters are applied to the Standard Model, and an explicit form of functionally-dependent parameters [Formula: see text] is obtained, providing the equivalence of path integrals in any 3-parameter [Formula: see text]-like gauges. The Gribov–Zwanziger theory is extended to the case of the Standard Model, and a form of the Gribov horizon functional is suggested in the Landau gauge, as well as in [Formula: see text]-like gauges, in a gauge-independent way using field-dependent BRST–anti-BRST transformations, and in [Formula: see text]-like gauges using transverse-like non-Abelian gauge fields.
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30

SIMIONATO, M. « ON THE CONSISTENCY OF THE EXACT RENORMALIZATION GROUP APPROACH APPLIED TO GAUGE THEORIES IN ALGEBRAIC NONCOVARIANT GAUGES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no 30 (10 décembre 2000) : 4811–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00002196.

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We study a class of Wilsonian formulations of non-Abelian gauge theories in algebraic noncovariant gauges where the Wilsonian infrared cutoff Λ is inserted as a mass term for the propagating fields. In this way the Ward–Takahashi identities are preserved to all scales. Nevertheless BRST-invariance in broken and the theory is gauge-dependent and unphysical at Λ≠0. Then we discuss the infrared limit Λ→0. We show that the singularities of the axial gauge choice are avoided in planar gauge and light-cone gauge. In addition the issue of on-shell divergences is addressed in some explicit example. Finally the rectangular Wilson loop of size 2L×2T is evaluated at lowest order in perturbation theory and a noncommutativity between the limits Λ→0 and T→∞ is pointed out.
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31

Guralnik, G. S., et C. R. Hagen. « Where have all the Goldstone bosons gone ? » Modern Physics Letters A 29, no 09 (21 mars 2014) : 1450046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732314500461.

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According to a commonly held view of spontaneously broken symmetry in gauge theories, troublesome Nambu–Goldstone bosons are effectively eliminated by turning into longitudinal modes of a massive vector meson. This note shows that, this is not in fact, a consistent view of the role of Nambu–Goldstone bosons in such theories. These particles necessarily appear as gauge excitations, whenever they are formulated in a manifestly covariant gauge. The radiation gauge provides therefore the dual advantage of circumventing the Goldstone theorem and making evident the disappearance of these particles from the physical spectrum.
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32

HULL, C. M., et B. SPENCE. « COUPLING THE WESS-ZUMINO-WITTEN MODEL TO YANG-MILLS FIELDS ». Modern Physics Letters A 06, no 11 (10 avril 1991) : 969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391001019.

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The coupling of the 2n-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Witten action to gauge fields is discussed and a simple manifestly gauge-invariant form of the gauged Wess-Zumino term is found which is an integral over a (2n+1)-dimensional space whose boundary is space-time. In two and four dimensions, our actions give simple forms for the action describing coset conformal field theories and the low-energy QCD effective action, respectively.
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33

SIMIONATO, M. « EXACT RENORMALIZATION GROUP IN ALGEBRAIC NONCOVARIANT GAUGES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no 11 (30 avril 2001) : 2125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01004815.

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I study a class of Wilsonian formulations of non-Abelian gauge theories in algebraic noncovariant gauges where the Wilsonian infrared cutoff Λ is inserted as a mass term for the propagating fields. In this way the Ward-Takahashi identities are preserved to all scales. Nevertheless the BRS-invariance in broken and the theory is gauge-dependent and unphysical at Λ≠ 0. Then I discuss the infrared limit Λ→0. I show that the singularities of the axial gauge choice are avoided in planar gauge and in light-cone gauge. Finally the rectangular Wilson loop of size 2L×2T is evaluated at lowest order in perturbation theory and a noncommutativity between the limits Λ→0 and T→∞ is pointed out.
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34

Haller, Kurt, et Edwin Lim-Lombridas. « Gauss's Law, Gauge-Invariant States, and Spin & ; Statistics in Abelian Chern-Simons Theories ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no 06 (10 mars 1997) : 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97000785.

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We discuss topologically massive QED — the Abelian gauge theory in which (2+1)-dimensional QED with a Chern-Simons term is minimally coupled to a spinor field. We quantize the theory in covariant gauges, and construct a class of unitary transformations that enable us to embed the theory in a Fock space of states that implement Gauss's law. We show that when electron (and positron) creation and annihilation operators represent gauge-invariant charged particles that are surrounded by the electric and magnetic fields required by Gauss's law, the unitarity of the theory is manifest, and charged particles interact with photons and with each other through nonlocal potentials. These potentials include a Hopf-like interaction, and a planar analog of the Coulomb interaction. The gauge-invariant charged particle excitations that implement Gauss's law obey the identical anticommutation rules as do the original gauge-dependent ones. Rotational phases, commonly identified as planar 'spin' are arbitrary, however.
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35

Dao, H. L. « Cosmological solutions from 5D N = 4 matter-coupled supergravity ». Journal of Physics Communications 6, no 2 (1 février 2022) : 025003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac4fb0.

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Abstract From five-dimensional N = 4 matter-coupled gauged supergravity, smooth time-dependent cosmological solutions, connecting a dS 5−d × H d (with d = 2, 3) spacetime at early times to a dS 5 spacetime at late times, are presented. The solutions are derived from the second-order equations of motion arising from all the gauged theories that can admit dS 5 solutions. There are eight such theories constructed from gauge groups of the form SO(1, 1) × G nc and SO ( 1 , 1 ) diag ( n ) × G nc , with n = 2, 3, where G nc is a non-compact gauge factor whose compact part must be embedded entirely in the matter symmetry group of 5D matter-coupled supergravity. Furthermore, we analyze how the cosmological solutions and their corresponding dS 5 vacua cannot arise from the first-order equations that solve the second-order field equations.
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36

GURALNIK, GERALD S. « GAUGE INVARIANCE AND THE GOLDSTONE THEOREM ». Modern Physics Letters A 26, no 19 (21 juin 2011) : 1381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311036188.

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This paper was originally created for and printed in the "Proceedings of seminar on unified theories of elementary particles" held in Feldafing, Germany from July 5 to 16, 1965 under the auspices of the Max-Planck-Institute for Physics and Astrophysics in Munich. It details and expands upon the 1964 Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble paper demonstrating that the Goldstone theorem does not require physical zero mass particles in gauge theories.
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37

Manoukian, E. B. « Rarita–Schwinger massless field in covariant and Coulomb-like gauges ». Modern Physics Letters A 31, no 08 (7 mars 2016) : 1650047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316500474.

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The massless Rarita–Schwinger field propagator used in perturbative interacting field theories involving this field is derived in covariant and the Coulomb-like gauges for the first time by explicitly invoking the gauge constraints as it was for a massless vector field over the years.
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38

FUJIWARA, TAKANORI, SHINOBU HOSONO et SHINSAKU KITAKADO. « CHIRALLY GAUGED WESS-ZUMINO-WITTEN MODEL AS A CONSTRAINED SYSTEM ». Modern Physics Letters A 03, no 16 (novembre 1988) : 1585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001896.

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With the intention of finding a consistent Hamiltonian description of the anomalous nonabelian gauge theories in four dimensions, we examine algebraic properties of the Gauss-law constraints for the chirally gauged nonlinear σ-model with a Wess-Zumino-Witten term. A relation which, in the Weyl gauge, reduces to Fujikawa’s relation ∂0Ga(x) =i(DµJμ)a (x), is verified. Finally we attempt to quantize the system at the tree level by explicitly calculating the Dirac brackets.
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39

Becchi, Carlo M., Stefano Giusto et Camillo Imbimbo. « Gauge dependence in topological gauge theories ». Physics Letters B 393, no 3-4 (février 1997) : 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(96)01649-8.

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40

Kraus, E., et K. Sibold. « Gauge parameter dependence in gauge theories ». Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 37, no 2 (novembre 1994) : 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(94)90667-x.

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41

Wohlgenannt, M. « Noncommutative Gauge Theories ». Ukrainian Journal of Physics 57, no 4 (30 avril 2012) : 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe57.4.389.

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We review two different noncommutative gauge models generalizing the approaches which lead to renormalizable scalar quantum field theories. One of them implements the crucial IR damping of the gauge field propagator in the so-called "soft breaking" part. We discuss one-loop renormalizability.
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42

Wess, Julius. « Deformed Gauge Theories ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 53 (1 novembre 2006) : 752–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/53/1/049.

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43

Hasenfratz, A., et P. Hasenfratz. « Lattice Gauge Theories ». Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 35, no 1 (décembre 1985) : 559–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ns.35.120185.003015.

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44

Pokorski, Stefan, Paul H. Frampton et Howard Georgi. « Gauge Field Theories ». Physics Today 42, no 1 (janvier 1989) : 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2810886.

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Shuo-hong, Guo. « Lattice Gauge-Theories ». Communications in Theoretical Physics 4, no 5 (septembre 1985) : 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/4/5/613.

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46

Batalin, Igor, et Robert Marnelius. « Antisymplectic gauge theories ». Nuclear Physics B 511, no 1-2 (février 1998) : 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00663-9.

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47

Baulieu, Laurent. « Perturbative gauge theories ». Physics Reports 129, no 1 (décembre 1985) : 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(85)90091-2.

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48

Krasnikov, N. V. « Nonlocal gauge theories ». Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 73, no 2 (novembre 1987) : 1184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01017588.

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Teper, M. « Pure gauge theories ». Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 20 (mai 1991) : 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(91)90901-p.

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50

LAGRAA, M. « QUANTUM GAUGE THEORIES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no 04 (10 février 1996) : 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96000316.

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We consider a gauge theory by taking real quantum groups of nondegenerate bilinear form as a symmetry. The construction of this quantum gauge theory is developed in order to fit with the Hopf algebra structure. In this framework, we show that an appropriate definition of the infinitesimal gauge variations and the axioms of the Hopf algebra structure of the symmetry group lead to the closure of the infinitesimal gauge transformations without any assumption on the commutation rules of the gauge parameters, the connection and the curvature. An adequate definition of the quantum trace is given leading to the quantum Killing form. This is used to construct an invariant quantum Yang–Mills Lagrangian.
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