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1
Kieffer, T. J. « Gastro-intestinal hormones GIP and GLP-1 ». Annales d'Endocrinologie 65, no 1 (février 2004) : 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4266(04)95625-9.
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Zijlstra, Nicolien, Monica Mars, René A. de Wijk, Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga, Jens Juul Holst et Cees de Graaf. « Effect of viscosity on appetite and gastro-intestinal hormones ». Physiology & ; Behavior 97, no 1 (avril 2009) : 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.001.
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Jean, Sossa, Fanou Lionelle, Hounto Yao Felicien et Avakoudjo Dejinnin Josue Georges. « A Left Adrenal Mass on Workup Which Turns Out To Be A Gastric Stromal Tumor at Surgery ». SAS Journal of Surgery 8, no 12 (10 décembre 2022) : 773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sasjs.2022.v08i12.008.
Résumé :
A left adrenal mass was incidentally detected in a 61 years old male as he was evaluated for a dysuria. The man had a 20 years-long history of high blood pressure and used to snuff tobacco. All the adrenal hormones were normal levelled but that of the aldosterone. The aldosterone to renin ratio was low. However, the mass turned out to be an extra-adrenal one, typically a stromal tumor pedunculated into the gastric fundus. The urologists should be aware that a gastro-intestinal stromal tumor may misleadingly presents as a left adrenal tumor and consider it especially when an adrenal mass exhibits atypical hormone levels.
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Sarkar, Swaimanti, Aindrila Chattopadhyay et Debasish Bandyopadhyay. « Melatonin as a promising agent alleviating endocrine deregulation and concurrent cardiovascular dysfunction : a review and future prospect ». Melatonin Research 7, no 1 (20 avril 2024) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr112500166.
Résumé :
Endocrine modulation of various growth and survival mechanisms is at the helm of cellular homeostasis and impaired endocrine balance may potentially galvanize cardiovascular health to go haywire. Melatonin, an effective antioxidant and multipotent hormone has preponderant influence on the activities of several endocrine factors including growth hormones, thyroid hormones, gastro-intestinal hormones, and those controlling reproductive and metabolic functions. Many of these hormones tightly regulate cardiovascular functions while the mammalian heart has its own endocrine machinery. Endocrine disruptions severely affect cardiovascular integrity and hormonal therapies may instigate adverse cardiac events. Therefore, this review focuses on the cardioprotective potential of melatonin concerning endocrine instability-mediated cardiovascular dysfunction. Melatonin has been reported to effectively counteract sympathetic overstimulation and also reduce the cardiotoxic attributes of catecholamines and their derivatives. Melatonin suppresses the pernicious cardiovascular manifestation of thyrotoxicosis and autoimmune thyroiditis, which is possibly attributed to its antioxidant property and regulation of iodothyronine-deiodinase activity. Interestingly, being a circadian synchronizer melatonin potentially preserves the diurnal pattern of insulin secretion and thereby improves glucose tolerance and cardiac GLUT-4 expression. Besides, melatonin modulates insulin signaling pathway by enhancing the activation of insulin receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, thus protecting the heart against diabetogenic outcomes. Further, melatonin has demonstrated its beneficial action against non-dipper hypertension by regulating the RAAS function. However, there is a plethora of unresolved research question that necessitates additional investigation into the potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in endocrine dysfunctions that emanates during various physiological and pathological states and may have potentially harmful cardiovascular implications.
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Garruti, Gabriella, Agostino Di Ciaula, Helen H. Wang, David Q. H. Wang et Piero Portincasa. « Cross-Talk Between Bile Acids and Gastro-Intestinal and Thermogenic Hormones : Clues from Bariatric Surgery ». Annals of Hepatology 16 (novembre 2017) : S68—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5499.
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Lamberts, Steven W. J. « Non-pituitary actions of somatostatin. A review on the therapeutic role of SMS 201-995 (sandostatin) ». Acta Endocrinologica 113, no 2_Suppla (août 1986) : S41—S55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.111s0041.
Résumé :
Abstract. Natural Somatostatin has a short half-life (3 min), is only active after intravenous administration and causes a rebound hypersecretion of hormones after discontinuation of administration. Recently a longacting powerful Somatostatin analog was developed (SMS 201-995; Sandostatin) which has a half-life of 113 min after subcutaneous administration. After administration of this analog no rebound hypersecretion of hormones was observed. In the present review the effects of the acute administration and of long-term treatment with SMS 201-995 in acromegalic patients is discussed. In addition the potential role of therapy with Somatostatin analogs and the preliminary effects of Somatostatin and/or SMS 201-995 are discussed in disorders of gastro-intestinal function (haemorrhages, diarrhoea, pancreatitis and endocrine pancreatic tumours), diabetes mellitus, central nervous system disturbances and oncology. Finally, several aspects of the tolerance, tachyphylaxis and side effects of SMS 201-995 are discussed.
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Sanches, Elijah, Marieke Timmermans, Besir Topal, Alper Celik, Magnus Sundbom, Rui Ribeiro, Chetan Parmar et al. « Cardiac remodeling in obesity and after bariatric and metabolic surgery ; is there a role for gastro-intestinal hormones ? » Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 17, no 11 (2 novembre 2019) : 771–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2019.1690991.
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Pan, Qian-Sheng, et Zhi-Ping Fang. « An Immunocytochemical Study of Endocrine Cells in the Gut of a Stomachless Teleost Fish, Grass Carp, Cyprinidae ». Cell Transplantation 2, no 5 (septembre 1993) : 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979300200510.
Résumé :
Nineteen different antisera raised against mammalian hormones were used to identify the occurrence and distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Positive reactions were obtained in gut epithelium with antisera gastrin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide, leucine enkephalin, substance P, and bovine pancreatic polypeptide. No immunoreactive product was formed using antisera against somatostatin, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, insulin, avian pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, cholecystokinin, secretin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, bombesin, neuron-specific enolase, prochymosin, and pepsinogen. The exact distribution mapping of six kinds of immunoreactive endocrine cells throughout the gut of grass carp (C. idellus) is presented. The morphological characteristics of immunoreactive endocrine cells is described. Their distribution characteristics and possible modes of secretion and function are discussed. Finally, the possible relationship between the transplantation of these cells in the gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system is discussed.
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Engin, Ayse Basak, Atilla Engin, Aylin Sepici-Dincel et Osman Kurukahvecioglu. « Circulating IL-6 and neopterin concentrations link cell-mediated immunity and tumor stage in patients with gastro-intestinal adenocarcinoma : relevance to the pituitary-adrenal axis and pituitary-thyroid axis ». Pteridines 27, no 1-2 (1 juin 2016) : 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pterid-2015-0018.
Résumé :
AbstractAlthough cortisol is a powerful modulator of the immune system and inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels do not correspond to the chronically elevated concentrations of cortisol in cancer patients. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has been shown to have an effect on immunological functions. Actually it is not known whether cortisol, TSH and IL-6 have an effect on tumor progression via modulation of cell mediated immunity in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Sixty-seven gastrointestinal cancer patients and 42 cancer-free subjects with cholelithiasis as the control group, were included in the study. Serum ACTH, cortisol, TSH, thyroid hormones, IL-6, IL-10 and neopterin levels were measured. Diagnosis and pathological staging were confirmed by surgical intervention. Cortisol levels were correlated with IL-6 in cancer patients. In addition to elevated neopterin values, linear regression analysis revealed that serum neopterin was associated more strongly with the increase of cortisol rather than IL-6 levels in advanced stage carcinoma. Furthermore, neopterin also correlated with IL-6, IL-10, cortisol and TSH levels in advanced carcinoma cases. These data indicated that cortisol, IL-6 and neopterin values of cancer patients were influenced by the tumor presence and progression.
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Dicks, Leon M. T. « Gut Bacteria and Neurotransmitters ». Microorganisms 10, no 9 (14 septembre 2022) : 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091838.
Résumé :
Gut bacteria play an important role in the digestion of food, immune activation, and regulation of entero-endocrine signaling pathways, but also communicate with the central nervous system (CNS) through the production of specific metabolic compounds, e.g., bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and histamine. Afferent vagus nerve (VN) fibers that transport signals from the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and gut microbiota to the brain are also linked to receptors in the esophagus, liver, and pancreas. In response to these stimuli, the brain sends signals back to entero-epithelial cells via efferent VN fibers. Fibers of the VN are not in direct contact with the gut wall or intestinal microbiota. Instead, signals reach the gut microbiota via 100 to 500 million neurons from the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of the gut wall. The modulation, development, and renewal of ENS neurons are controlled by gut microbiota, especially those with the ability to produce and metabolize hormones. Signals generated by the hypothalamus reach the pituitary and adrenal glands and communicate with entero-epithelial cells via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA). SCFAs produced by gut bacteria adhere to free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and interact with neurons or enter the circulatory system. Gut bacteria alter the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters. This review focuses on the effect that gut bacteria have on the production of neurotransmitters and vice versa.
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Kopylov, Arthur T., Kristina A. Malsagova, Alexander A. Stepanov et Anna L. Kaysheva. « Diversity of Plant Sterols Metabolism : The Impact on Human Health, Sport, and Accumulation of Contaminating Sterols ». Nutrients 13, no 5 (12 mai 2021) : 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051623.
Résumé :
The way of plant sterols transformation and their benefits for humans is still a question under the massive continuing revision. In fact, there are no receptors for binding with sterols in mammalians. However, possible biotransformation to steroids that can be catalyzed by gastro-intestinal microflora, microbial cells in prebiotics or cytochromes system were repeatedly reported. Some products of sterols metabolization are capable to imitate resident human steroids and compete with them for the binding with corresponding receptors, thus affecting endocrine balance and entire physiology condition. There are also tremendous reports about the natural origination of mammalian steroid hormones in plants and corresponding receptors for their binding. Some investigations and reports warn about anabolic effect of sterols, however, there are many researchers who are reluctant to believe in and have strong opposing arguments. We encounter plant sterols everywhere: in food, in pharmacy, in cosmetics, but still know little about their diverse properties and, hence, their exact impact on our life. Most of our knowledge is limited to their cholesterol-lowering influence and protective effect against cardiovascular disease. However, the world of plant sterols is significantly wider if we consider the thousands of publications released over the past 10 years.
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Bárdos, György. « Zsigeri fájdalom, nocebo-hatások, placebo-analgézia ». Scientia et Securitas 2, no 2 (10 octobre 2021) : 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/112.2021.00033.
Résumé :
Összefoglaló. A belső szervek működési zavarai gyakran származnak viselkedési, lelki vagy pszichoszociális okokból, amelyeknek nem mindig vagyunk tudatában. Minthogy ebben a folyamatban egy bonyolult neuronális hálózat játssza a fő szerepet, ezeknek a zavaroknak a diagnózisa és terápiája számos tényező manipulálását igényli. A funkcionális gyomor-bélhuzam rendellenességek (FGID), például az irritábilisbél-szindróma (IBS), jellemző példái ennek: olyan működési zavarokról van szó, amelyek mögött jól detektálható szervi vagy biokémiai elváltozásokat nem találnak. Ilyenkor szükségesnek tűnik a komplex megközelítés, amely többféle szakember együttműködését kívánja meg. Szerepe lehet a pszichés vagy életmód terápiának, a gyógyszeres és fizikai kezelésnek is, és – ahogy ebben a cikkben megmutatjuk – a placebo-terápiának is. Summary. Functional disorders of the internal organs frequently are results of behavioral, mental or psycho-social dysfunctions, although we are usually not conscious about it. A typical example isirritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a characteristic functional gastro-intestinal disorder (FGID), which is regularly accompanied by abdominal pain and irregular intestinal motility and defecation. It has been shown that this disorder cannot be due to a single factor, nor is it a result of a local cause. Recently researchers have proven that malfunction of a complicated neuronal network, including several brain sites, may be responsible for IBS. It is believed now that IBS is the consequence of several nocebo-effects. IBS is a typical source of visceral pain or discomfort, a source that is frequently difficult to identify. Main factors are stimuli originating from the gastro-intestinal tract, passing through the spinal cord and reaching several brain structures, including cortical and sub-cortical sites. It has been shown that some structures become thicker while others thinner as a result of lasting visceral pain, resulting in altered top-down effects on the visceral organs. Several hormones accompany these processes resulting in a complicated network activity. Recent research has revealed that IBS requires a complex approach, optimally provided by a therapeutic team of physicians, psychologist/psychiatrist, associates, and even the patient himself/herself. They may apply or suggest medicines, physiotherapy, lifestyle modifications, alimentary changes etc. An important feature is that the nocebo-effect plays an important role in the generation of IBS, thus one may think the opposite phenomenon, placebo-effect could be used in the therapeutic process. And really, placebo-analgesia is a method frequently used in the therapy of IBS. Placebo-analgesia affects brain processes, including pain processing, release of hormones, including endogenous opioids, the primary pain-decreasing factors. A top-down pain-modification system exists which can be affected and activated by the placebo-analgesia thus counteracting the nocebo-effects and improving the condition of the individual. The placebo phenomenon is interesting in itself, too. By now, the major question is not the existence of the placebo-effect but the mechanisms behind it. Recently, as brain-mapping techniques have gained their role in research, a lot of new information proves that the placebo-effect (as well as the nocebo-effect) is a complex phenomenon that involves several different brain sites, including the brain cortex and the limbic system, respectively.P The placebo-effect is widely used in clinical practice, first of all as a reference treatment when new drugs or medicines are tested for their effectivity. There are numerous ethical problems in this area, recently, for example, when testing Covid-19 vaccines. The main problem is whether it is legal to keep a non-treated population, whether the placebo-group should be treated immediately after the trial ends, whether the members of the placebo-group should get adequate information.
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Popa, Stefan-Lucian, et Dan Lucian Dumitrascu. « Anxiety and IBS Revisited : ten years later ». Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 88, no 3 (22 juillet 2015) : 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-495.
Résumé :
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders. However, the association between IBS and each of its subtypes ( diarrhea IBS-D, constipation IBS-C, mixed IBS-M) with anxiety, still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis, of the association between anxiety and IBS on a period of ten years.METHODS: PubMed was searched for studies analyzing IBS and anxiety, published at 10 years interval. The study presents a comparative analysis of the articles that were published between 2003-2005 and 2013-2015, investigating the correlation between anxiety and IBS.RESULTS: The initial search identified 220 articles, from which 156 were published between 2013 and 2015, and 64 were published between 2003 and 2005. Of these articles, 15 articles were included in the review. Out of these 15 articles, 10 articles analyzed the correlation between anxiety-depression status in IBS patients using specific questionnaires, 2 articles analyzed genetic variables in IBS, 1 article analyzed serom and monoamine oxidase levels in IBS, 1 article have analyzed seric levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in IBS, 1 article analyzed somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in IBS. The result was a review of 15 studies that analyzed the association between IBS and anxiety.CONCLUSIONS : IBS is a heterogeneous disorder caused by numerous psychological, immunological, infectious, endocrine and genetic factors. In recent years, the number of studies concentrating on genetic factors, cytokines and hormones has increased in comparison with the 2003-2005 period, when clinical investigation, using mainly questionnaires was the essential method. Also, the total number of papers investigating anxiety and IBS, considerably increased. The recent studies have confirmed the fact that IBS symptoms are often exacerbated during stressful events and the psychiatric treatment has a positive effect on gastro-intestinal symptomatology.
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Pan, Hongzhen, Honghong Chen, Lianjiu Zhu, Yang Li, Changchun Li et Shengzhou Zhang. « Adaptive changes of gastro-entero-pancreatic system endocrine cells in the black-spotted pond frog Rana nigromaculata after fasting ». Current Zoology 55, no 4 (1 août 2009) : 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.4.301.
Résumé :
Abstract Changes in distribution density, morphology and secretory content of endocrine cells in the gastro- entero-pancreatic system of black-spotted frogs Rana nigromaculata before and after fasting were investigated using immunohistochemistry and antisera to six gut hormones. Six types of endocrine cells were detected in the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SOM), glucagon (GLU), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) cells. After fasting, the density of 5-HT cells in the esophagus, cardia and fundus, GAS cells in the fundus and pylorus, PP cells in the fundus decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while SOM cells in the cardia, GLU cells in the rectum increased significantly (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic processes of 5-HT cells became shorter or not detectable. The secretory content of GAS cells reduced in the cardia. The positive immunostaining reaction in the perinuclear region of SOM cells in the cardia, fundus and pylorus became weaker, while the staining intensity in the periphery of these cells became stronger. VIP cells were not detectable in the whole digestive tract after fasting. Five types of endocrine cells were found in the pancreas of Rana nigromaculata, including 5-HT, GAS, SOM, GLU and PP cells. After fasting, the density of 5-HT cells decreased slightly (P > 0.05), while SOM, GAS, GLU and PP cells increased significantly (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the secretory content of GLU cells increased significantly. Considering their functionalities, our results indicate that the changes of GEP endocrine cells in Rana nigromaculata responded adaptively to starvation-induced stress.
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Negasee, Kassahun A. « Hepatic Diseases in Canine and Feline : A Review ». Veterinary Medicine – Open Journal 6, no 1 (4 septembre 2021) : 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/vmoj-6-155.
Résumé :
Dogs and cats are belonging to canine and feline family respectively. The liver is the largest gland in the body and is located in the cranial abdomen between 3rd and 4th ribs in dogs and cats. This review is mainly focused on: to understand the anatomy and physiology of liver, the liver diseases pathophysiology, to diagnose the liver diseases, managemental and ameliorative methods of liver diseases. The dual blood supply to the liver is hepatic artery and portal vein. The function of liver includes the regulation of digestion and metabolism, the synthesis of hormones and proteins, immune response and filtering of toxins from the blood stream. Any problem that affects the liver is liver disease. Inflammation of liver is hepatitis. Hepatitis caused by infectious, non-infectious, auto-immune and reactive. It can be acute and chronic. The most encountered liver diseases in dogs and cats are hepticlipidosis, cholangiohepatitis, portosystemicshunt, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, pneumobilia and hepatic neoplsia. The clinical symptoms of liver diseases include jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, gastro intestinal disorders and nonspecific signs include polyuria/polydipisia. The liver disease diagnosed based on history, liver function tests, medical imaging. The latest imaging procedures are endoscopic retrograde cholagio pancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT). For confirmatory diagnosis liver biopsy and histopathological interpretation is required. Therefore, based on diagnosis appropriate treatment should be selected: bile stasis is treated urodeoxycholic acid (URDA), fluid therapy include sugar and salt solution for replacement fluid loss, gastrointestinal protectors include ranitidine, cimitidine and lactulose, albumin to treat hypoalbuminimia, antioxidant for scavenging free radicals include vitamin E, Selenium, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), diuretic fursimid for treatment of ascites and supplementation low protein diets. This laparoscopic technique for removal of gallstones and endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat gall stones on bile ducts and to widen the slipped ducts and liver transplantation for cirrhotic dogs and cats. Early accurate diagnosis and managing any predisposing factors that affects the health of dogs and cats are important for controlling the liver diseases.
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Harmse, L. « Understanding the management of iron deficiency anaemia ». South African Family Practice 58, no 6 (16 décembre 2016) : 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v58i6.4552.
Résumé :
Iron deficiency, the most common cause of anaemia, is seemingly easy to manage. However, in many cases the nutritional deficiency is complicated by concurrent gastro-intestinal disease and/or inefficient absorption. In addition, iron absorption and mobilisation from physiological storage sites is regulated by the peptide hormone hepcidin, which is upregulated in anaemia associated with chronic inflammation. Successful patient management requires the continuous evaluation of iron status as well as monitoring of haemoglobin levels to measure treatment outcomes. Iron requirements change with patient physiological status and this must be taken into consideration when making clinical decisions. Provided that there is no underlying problem most patients respond rapidly to oral iron therapy. In non-responsive patients, and patients with concurrent gastro-intestinal disease, parenteral therapy must be considered. This brief review provides a summary of some of the problems that may be encountered with the management of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia.
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Okon, B., L. A. Ibom, Y. D. R. Anlade et A. Dauda. « A biotechnology perspective of livestock nutrition on feed additives : a mini review ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, no 5 (26 mai 2023) : 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3763.
Résumé :
Biotechnology applications in livestock nutrition has significance in view of shortage of natural resources with associated conflicts, growing demand of animal products, by-products versus human population pressure necessitate needs for feed additives in livestock diets for better utilization of feeds and food materials which evolved from conventional, unconventional to novel alternative feed sources. The probiotic microorganisms, applications, mechanisms of action; advantages and safety of probiotics were explored. Prebiotics, their leading types, applications, safety of prebiotics and salient features of prebiotics as well as synbiotics, their impacts on livestock products (milk, meat, wool and eggs) quality as well as by-products. These microbes are involved in genetic manipulation of microbes in ruminants and monogastrics gastro-intestinal tracts (GIT’s) which are monumentally beneficial in the form of protection of protein microbes/requirements, amino acids and fats digestion, especially those from fibre in ruminants, and the reestablishment of natural and genetically modified microbes in the rumen. Genetically modified grains for nutritional improvements and anti–nutritional factors could include low phytate corn, high oil corn, and low oligosaccharide soybean. Growth promoters of phytochemicals and/or phytobiotic herbs are health boosters, in-feed enzymes, organic acids, digestive boosters, antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial and useful alternatives to antibiotics and hormones. Feed additives that also promote growth in heat stress conditions are electrolytes, betaine, amino acids, leaf extracts and trace minerals. Other additives for growth and better carcass quality products are in form of antioxidants as ractopamine, L-carnitine, amino acids, nucleotides in broiler diet, corn oil or fish oil. Organic acids (formic and propionic acids) serve as feed preservatives and are particularly effective. Others are lactic, citric, fumaric and sorbic acids plus their salts (such as calcium formate and calcium propionate). Mycotoxins are reduced through absorption and bioavailability by using numerous mycotoxin binders. Pre-mixtures are vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, acids, preservatives, needed in small amounts. Modern biotechnology holds promising diverse beneficial applications and solutions in different ways like environment protection, gut microbes’ manipulations, production of food (feeds, feed additives) for normal growth, better health, metabolic activities in a balanced diet, better welfare and well-being of our livestock and other emerging enterprises.
Les applications de la biotechnologie dans la nutrition du bétail ont une importance compte tenu de la pénurie de ressources naturelles avec les conflits associés, la demande croissante de produits animaux, les sous-produits par rapport à la pression de la population humaine nécessitent des besoins en additifs alimentaires dans les régimes alimentaires du bétail pour une meilleure utilisation des aliments et des matières alimentaires qui ont évolué à partir de conventionnelles, non conventionnelles à de nouvelles sources d’alimentation alternatives. Les micro-organismes probiotiques, applications, mécanismes d’action ; les avantages et la sécurité des probiotiques ont été explorés. Les prébiotiques, leurs principaux types, leurs applications, la sécurité des prébiotiques et les principales caractéristiques des prébiotiques ainsi que des synbiotiques, leurs impacts sur la qualité des produits d’élevage (lait, viande, laine et œufs) ainsi que sur les sous-produits. Ces microbes sont impliqués dans la manipulation génétique des microbes chez les ruminants et les tractus gastro-intestinaux monogastriques (GIT) qui sont extrêmement bénéfiques sous la forme de protection des microbes/exigences protéiques, de la digestion des acides aminés et des graisses, en particulier celles des fibres chez les ruminants, et du rétablissement des microbes naturels et génétiquement modifiés dans le rumen. Les céréales génétiquement modifiées pour des améliorations nutritionnelles et des facteurs anti-nutritionnels pourraient inclure le maïs à faible teneur en phytates, le maïs à haute teneur en huile et le soja à faible teneur en oligosaccharides. Les promoteurs de croissance des phytochimiques et/ou des herbes phytobiotiques sont des boosters de santé, des enzymes alimentaires, des acides organiques, des boosters digestifs, des peptides antimicrobiens, des alternatives antibactériennes et utiles aux antibiotiques et aux hormones. Les additifs alimentaires qui favorisent également la croissance dans des conditions de stress thermique sont les électrolytes, la bétaïne, les acides aminés, les extraits de feuilles et les oligo-éléments. D’autres additifs pour la croissance et une meilleure qualité de carcasse se présentent sous forme d’antioxydants comme la ractopamine, la L-carnitine, les acides aminés, les nucléotides dans l’alimentation des poulets de chair, l’huile de maïs ou l’huile de poisson. Les acides organiques (acides formique et propionique) servent de conservateurs alimentaires et sont particulièrement efficaces. D’autres sont les acides lactique, citrique, fumarique et sorbique ainsi que leurs sels (tels que le formiate de calcium et le propionate de calcium). Les mycotoxines sont réduites par absorption et biodisponibilité en utilisant de nombreux liants de mycotoxines. Les pré-mélanges sont des vitamines, des minéraux, des caroténoïdes, des acides, des conservateurs, nécessaires en petites quantités. La biotechnologie moderne recèle diverses applications et solutions bénéfiques prometteuses de différentes manières, telles que la protection de l’environnement, les manipulations des microbes intestinaux, la production d’aliments (aliments pour animaux, additifs alimentaires) pour une croissance normale, une meilleure santé, des activités métaboliques dans une alimentation équilibrée, un meilleur bien-être et un meilleur bien-être de notre bétail et d’autres entreprises émergentes.
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Theocharidou, Eleni, Ameet Dhar et David Patch. « Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders and Their Clinical Implications in Cirrhosis ». Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8270310.
Résumé :
Gastrointestinal motility is impaired in a substantial proportion of patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis-related autonomic neuropathy, increased nitric oxide production, and gut hormonal changes have been implicated. Oesophageal dysmotility has been associated with increased frequency of abnormal gastro-oesophageal reflux. Impaired gastric emptying and accommodation may result in early satiety and may have an impact on the nutritional status of these patients. Small intestinal dysmotility might be implicated in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased bacterial translocation. The latter has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Enhanced colonic motility is usually associated with the use of lactulose. Pharmacological interventions aiming to alter gastrointestinal motility in cirrhosis could potentially have a beneficial effect reducing the risk of hepatic decompensation and improving prognosis.
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Roche, J. F., et W. J. Enright. « The use of growth hormone and beta agonists to improve animal production ». Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (mars 1989) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010448.
Résumé :
The factors that affect output in animal production systems are growth rate, feed conversion efficiency (FCE), carcass conformation, muscle and fat content, and kill out percentage. These factors are affected by genetic potential, provision of optimal nutrition and environmental conditions to disease free animals. In addition, certain exogenous chemicals are known to affect animal performance, and these can be classified as follows:i)use of chemical messengers which bind to specific receptors in target tissueii)use of anti-microbial compounds which alter the microflora in the gastro-intestinal tract and thereby improve performance.This paper will deal specifically with the use of beta adrenergic agonists and growth hormone (GH) which are currently being researched.
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Radzishevska, Yev B., A. S. Savchenko, Ya K. Radzishevska, O. M. Boiko, L. A. Vygivska et M. Kuksin. « DEVELOPMENT OF REMOTE SEQUELAE SUCH AS GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT PATHOLOGY IN PATIENTS SPECIALLY TREATED FOR DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER ». Novosti Khirurgii 29, no 6 (22 décembre 2021) : 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18484/2305-0047.2021.6.719.
Résumé :
Objective. Evaluate the potential long-term effects of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treatment, on the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) based on a retrospective study of DTC patients. Methods. Occurrence of long-term GIT pathologies was retrospectively studied in 157 DTC patients. All patients were treated according to the standard of care, which includes radical surgery, radiation therapy and hormone therapy. The database contained digitalised medical histories of patients followed for at least 1 year after treatment. A total of 463 entries were available, representing one entry per noted consequence for each of the 157 patients. The study focused on two aspects. The frequencies of complications before and after treatment were compared, and factors impacting DTC pathology in a statistically significant manner were isolated. Results: The total onset frequency of gallbladder, liver and pancreas disorders was increased by a factor of 1.6 in a statistically significant manner in DTC patients. Patients initially presenting gallbladder disorders received shorter cures of hormone therapy (4 versus 13 months), and lower levels of L-thyroxine in a context of uncompensated hypothyroidism (2.3 versus 3.5 mg/kg). A statistically significant relation was established between the total duration of breastfeeding in women presenting metabolic health disorders, and onset of liver pathology (essentially non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). Conclusion. Life-long GIT pathology monitoring should be standard of care for patients after special DTC treatment. What this paper adds The long-term effects of treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer on the gastro-intestinal tract have never been described to date. Here, a 1.6-fold increase in disorders implicating mainly the gallbladder, liver and pancreas is noted. Gallbladder disorders are shown to be frequent in patients undergoing short courses of thyroid hormone suppression therapy with low levels of L-thyroxine and presenting uncompensated hypothyroidism. In women presenting metabolic disorders, a relation has been established between the total duration of breastfeeding and the later development of liver pathologies.
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Kaouass, M., J. Sulon, P. Deloyer et G. Dandrifosse. « Spermine-induced precocious intestinal maturation in suckling rats : possible involvement of glucocorticoids ». Journal of Endocrinology 141, no 2 (mai 1994) : 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1410279.
Résumé :
Abstract The mechanism(s) involved in the spermine-induced precocious postnatal maturation of the intestine in the unweaned rat was examined. Spermine given orally to 11-day-old rats stimulated ACTH and corticosterone secretion. Maximum serum levels of ACTH and corticosterone were observed between 4 and 6 h after spermine ingestion and were five- and sevenfold greater respectively than those of control rats receiving saline alone. Intraperitoneal injection of the polyamine had no effect on corticosterone production. Repeated intraperitoneal administration of gastrin, cholecystokinin, glucagon(1–37) and secretin to 11-day-old rats had no effect on the specific activity of intestinal disaccharidases. These data indicate that (1) the hypophysial-adrenal axis is implicated in the postnatal development of the gastro-intestinal tract induced by spermine and (2) spermine affects ACTH and corticosterone secretion indirectly, probably by stimulating the release of gastrointestinal hormone(s). Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 141, 279–283
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Lobley, G. E. « Protein turnover—what does it mean for animal production ? » Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no 3 (1 septembre 2003) : 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-019.
Résumé :
The dynamics of protein turnover confer great advantages for homeothermy, plasticity and metabolic function in mammals. The different roles played by the various organs have led to aspects of protein synthesis and degradation that aid the various functions performed. The so-called “non-productive” organs such as the gastro-intestinal tract and liver produce large quantities of export proteins that perform vital functions. Not all these proteins are recovered, however, and thus function can result in lowered net conversion of plant protein to animal products. The splanchnic tissues also oxidize essential amino acids (AA). For example, the gut catabolizes leucine, lysine and methionine, but not threonine and phenylalanine, as part of a complex interaction between AA supply and tissue metabolic activity. Losses by oxidation and endogenous secretions can markedly alter the pattern of absorbed AA. The fractional rates of extraction of total AA inflow to the liver are low and this allows short-term flexibility in controlling supply to peripheral tissues. Recent evidence suggests that the role of the liver in AA catabolism is more a response to non-use by other tissues rather than an immediate regulation of supply to the periphery. Neither arterial supply of AA nor the rate of transport into peripheral tissues limits protein gain, except when supply is very limited. Rather, control is probably exerted via hormone-nutrient interactions. Key words: Protein synthesis, amino acid, gastro-intestinal tract, liver, muscle, mammary gland
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Parikh, Mihir, Thane G. Maddaford, J. Alejandro Austria, Michel Aliani, Thomas Netticadan et Grant N. Pierce. « Dietary Flaxseed as a Strategy for Improving Human Health ». Nutrients 11, no 5 (25 mai 2019) : 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051171.
Résumé :
Flaxseed is a rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid, alpha linolenic acid, the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside and fiber. These compounds provide bioactivity of value to the health of animals and humans through their anti-inflammatory action, anti-oxidative capacity and lipid modulating properties. The characteristics of ingesting flaxseed or its bioactive components are discussed in this article. The benefits of administering flaxseed or the individual bioactive components on health and disease are also discussed in this review. Specifically, the current evidence on the benefits or limitations of dietary flaxseed in a variety of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, gastro-intestinal health and brain development and function, as well as hormonal status in menopausal women, are comprehensive topics for discussion.
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Ansseau, M., R. Von Frenckell, J. L. Cerfontaine, P. Papart, G. Franck, M. Timsit-Berthier, V. Geenen et J. J. Legros. « Blunted Response of Growth Hormone to Clonidine and Apomorphine in Endogenous Depression ». British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no 1 (juillet 1988) : 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.1.65.
Résumé :
We measured the growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine (an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist) and to apomorphine (a dopaminergic agonist) in 15 major endogenous and 15 minor depressive in-patients matched for gender and age. Results showed a significantly smaller GH response in the major depressives to both Clonidine (P<0.01) and apomorphine (P<0.001). No significant difference existed between the two groups with regard to changes in blood pressure and pulse rate during either test. While major depressives showed a trend toward smaller sedative side-effects than minor depressives after Clonidine, they showed significantly smaller sedative and gastro-intestinal side-effects after apomorphine. No significant correlation was present either in the major depressive or in the minor depressive group between the GH responses following Clonidine and apomorphine challenges. These results support the hypothesis of both noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter disturbances in major depression, with individual variability with regard to those biochemical anomalies.
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Faichney, G. J., G. A. White et J. B. Donnelly. « Effect of conceptus growth on the contents of the maternal gastrointestinal tract in ewes fed at a constant rate throughout gestation ». Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no 3 (juin 1988) : 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081971.
Résumé :
SummaryMultiparous Corriedale ewes were maintained on a constant feed intake such that the body weight (i.e. live weight less gravid uterus) of single-bearing ewes at the end of gestation approximated their live weight at mating. The ewes were allocated to one of five groups, designated for slaughter at 0, 50, 90, 120 and 140 days of gestation. At slaughter, the gravid uterus was removed, weighed and its components dissected out and the contents of all sections of the gastro-intestinal tract were removed, weighed and sampled.Foetal growth was described by a Gompertz model. It was predicted that, at day 150, a twin foetus would have been 0·95 of the weight of a single foetus but this difference was not statistically significant. The foetal proportion of the gravid uterus followed a sigmoid curve during gestation to reach a predicted value of 0·60 at day 150. Predicted birth weights represented 10·4 and 18·6% of maternal body weight in single- and twin-bearing ewes.The digesta content of the rumen and of the whole gastro-intestinal tract was not significantly affected by gestation. However, there was a tendency for the values to decline to day 90, then increase during the last third of gestation. It was suggested that the decline was due to hormonal rather than direct physical effects. By contrast, the amounts of organic digesta constituents in the rumen descreased as gestation progressed (P < 0·01) indicating an effect of gestation on rumen propulsive activity.
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Eidaroos, H., Y. Yoshimura et Seham Helmy. « Distribution of the Ghrelin Hormone Producing Cells in the Gastro- intestinal Tract of Some Birds (Immunohistochemical Study) ». Journal of Veterinary Anatomy 1, no 1 (1 octobre 2008) : 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jva.2008.41750.
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Collins, B. J., R. J. McFariand, M. M. T. O’Hare, C. Shaw, K. D. Buchanan et A. H. G. Love. « Gastric Emptying of a Solid-Liquid Meal and Gastro-Intestinal Hormone Responses in Patients with Erosive Oesophagitis ». Digestion 33, no 2 (1986) : 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000199275.
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de Tullio, P., J. Delarge et B. Pirotte. « Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Cholecystokinin Receptor Ligands (Agonists and Antagonists) ». Current Medicinal Chemistry 6, no 6 (juin 1999) : 433–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867306666220330183253.
Résumé :
During the last few years, cholecystokinin (CCK) has emerged as an important hormone. This polypeptide has been located either in peripheral tissues such as the gastro-intestinal tract and the pancreas as well as in the central nervous system. High affinity CCK receptors are divided in two main subtypes: the CCK-A (A for "alimentary") and the CCK-B (B for "brain") receptors. The latters are currently associated with the gastrin receptors. Since CCK is involved in many different biological processes such as gut function, digestive processes, control of feeding behaviour and neurotransmitter release, the therapeutical potential of cholecystokinin receptor ligands seems to be extremely broad and promising. Several families of CCK receptor ligands (peptides, peptidomimetics, peptoids or non-peptides) were prepared during the last twenty years. The main goal of these researches was to improve agonistic or antagonistic potency but also to find selective compounds for a specific CCK receptor subtype. This review presents the recent developments (since 1995) in the chemistry of CCK receptor ligands.
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Jonkers, I. J. A. M., M. Ledeboer, J. Steens, A. H. M. Smelt, A. E. Meinders, C. B. H. W. Lamers et A. A. M. Masclee. « Effects of very-long-chain versus long-chain triglycerides on gastro-intestinal hormone release and motility in man ». European Journal of Gastroenterology & ; Hepatology 11, no 12 (décembre 1999) : A107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199912000-00284.
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Shivanna, Naveen, M. B. Anusha et K. R. Anilakumar. « Nutritional requirement at high-altitude with special emphasises to behaviour of gastro-intestinal tract and hormonal changes ». Defence Life Science Journal 2, no 2 (31 mai 2017) : 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.2.11371.
Résumé :
<p>When people are exposed to the extreme environmental conditions, such as high altitude (HA) where there is decrease in temperature and partial pressure of oxygen induces fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and increased cardiac output. Hence there is need to improve the appetite through the diet and digestion clout of the individual. In the present review paper we have discussed the efficiency of digestion is compromised at HA. Also about, Hypoxia, resulting by decreased partial pressure of oxygen can be classified into acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia based on the exposure time. There is increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to less oxygen available in the air at HA which leads to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress. Hypoxia is mediated through hypoxia inducible factors which maintain oxygen haemostasis in the body. At HA diet rich in carbohydrates have been found to be beneficial as it increases glucose metabolism. Requirement of nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C as well as micronutrients such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper and manganese will be required at HA. Hypoxia effect on the intestine leads to malabsorption and the lipid storage is stimulated and lipid catabolism is inhibited through β-oxidation.</p>
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Egshatyan, Lilit V. « A novel calcimimetic evocalcet for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism with little effect on the gastrointestinal tract and cyp isozymes in vivo and in vitro ». Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 22, no 3 (1 juin 2020) : 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo12309.
Résumé :
In the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism of end-stage chronic kidney disease, vitamin D receptor activation and allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor - inhibit glandular hyperplasia; reduce parathyroid hormone levels, impact on bone turnover and mineral density. Cinacalcet, an oral calcimimetic agent has been widely used for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. Nevertheless, some patients remain refractory to the treatment, as the dose of cinacalcet cannot be sufficiently increased due to gastrointestinal symptoms and it strong inhibits of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. In order to resolve this issue, was develop a newly synthesized calcimimetic agent, evocalcet (MT-4580/KHK7580). In a rat model of chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy, and in multicenter, open-label study phase 3, and in clinical practice oral administration of evocalcet efficiently suppressed the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Evocalcet also demonstrated the less induction of emesis and gastro-intestinal effects, and its pharmacological effects were observed at lower doses because of its higher bioavailability than cinacalcet. In addition, evocalcet showed no substantial direct inhibition of any CYP isozymes in in vitro. These findings suggest that evocalcet can be a better alternative to cinacalcet with a wider safety margin.
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PFEIFFER, A., N. VIDON, G. E. FEURLE, J. A. CHAYVIALLE et J. J. BERNIER. « Effect of jejunal infusion of different caloric loads on pancreatic enzyme secretion and gastro-intestinal hormone response in man ». European Journal of Clinical Investigation 23, no 1 (janvier 1993) : 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1993.tb00718.x.
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Baranov, S. A., Yu O. Shul’pekova et V. M. Nechaev. « MODERN CONCEPTS OF HEARTBURN PATHOGENESIS ». Siberian Medical Journal 33, no 3 (28 novembre 2018) : 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29001/2073-8552-2018-33-3-22-29.
Résumé :
Heartburn is one of the most widely spread symptoms particularly in population of economically developed Western countries. Traditionally it is considered to be related to activation of chemo- and mechanoreceptors of esophageal primary sensory neurons. Repeated stimulation may provoke visceral sensitization. Its development is facilitated by the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing factor. An attentive analysis of heartburn with an assessment of the provoking factors and effectiveness of drug therapy is required for differentiation of gastro-intestinal reflux disease and functional esophageal disease. The lack of response to proton pump inhibitors is an important criterion for suspicion on functional esophageal pathology although sensitization also plays an important role in genesis of heartburn in non-erosive reflux disease. In cases of refractory and «endoscopically negative heartburn», additional studies are justified: endoscopy with esophageal biopsies, 24h-pH-metry/pH-impedansometry, high-resolution manometry. Proton pump inhibitors, highly effective in reflux disease, may relieve heartburn only in some cases of functional heartburn and reflux hypersensitivity. In functional diseases medical therapy affecting visceral hypersensitivity may be used empirically.
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Asbjornsdottir, Birna, Heiddis Snorradottir, Edda Andresdottir, Alessio Fasano, Bertrand Lauth, Larus S. Gudmundsson, Magnus Gottfredsson, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson et Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir. « Zonulin-Dependent Intestinal Permeability in Children Diagnosed with Mental Disorders : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ». Nutrients 12, no 7 (3 juillet 2020) : 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12071982.
Résumé :
Worldwide, up to 20% of children and adolescents experience mental disorders, which are the leading cause of disability in young people. Research shows that serum zonulin levels are associated with increased intestinal permeability (IP), affecting neural, hormonal, and immunological pathways. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize evidence from observational studies on IP in children diagnosed with mental disorders. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search of the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, and the Web of Science identified 833 records. Only non-intervention (i.e., observational) studies in children (<18 years) diagnosed with mental disorders, including a relevant marker of intestinal permeability, were included. Five studies were selected, with the risk of bias assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Four articles were identified as strong and one as moderate, representing altogether 402 participants providing evidence on IP in children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). In ADHD, elevated serum zonulin levels were associated with impaired social functioning compared to controls. Children with ASD may be predisposed to impair intestinal barrier function, which may contribute to their symptoms and clinical outcome compared to controls. Children with ASD, who experience gastro-intestinal (GI) symptoms, seem to have an imbalance in their immune response. However, in children with OCD, serum zonulin levels were not significantly different compared to controls, but serum claudin-5, a transmembrane tight-junction protein, was significantly higher. A meta-analysis of mean zonulin plasma levels of patients and control groups revealed a significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), including the four studies evaluating the full spectrum of the zonulin peptide family. Therefore, further studies are required to better understand the complex role of barrier function, i.e., intestinal and blood–brain barrier, and of inflammation, to the pathophysiology in mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. This review was PROSPERO preregistered, (162208).
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Brandt-Kjelsen, Anicke, Espen Govasmark, Gerd Vegarud, Anna Haug, Joanna Szpunar et Brit Salbu. « In vitro digestion of selenium from selenium-enriched chicken ». Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no 2 (6 janvier 2012) : 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-08-16.
Résumé :
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element important for several biological functions, such as thyroid hormone metabolism, anti-aging, and antioxidant protection. Even though reports on Se species in different food products are increasing, the scientific knowledge on the bioaccessible amount of Se species from these products is not as well known. In this work, Se-enriched chicken meat was digested by an in vitro model using human gastro-intestinal (GI) juices and different commercial enzymes. The aim of the study was to gain information on the bioaccessible amount of Se from meat after digestion by different relevant enzymes with the approach of replacing human liquids with commercial enzymes that could mimic the digestion in the human GI tract. The digestion with commercial enzymes such as pepsin, protease, and lipase resulted in highly variable extraction yield of Se in isotonic salt water (50–90 %). Se proteins were degraded into SeMet, while Se species with higher molecular mass were present in the extracts from human juices. The extraction yield using human juices was only about 70 % of Se from the meat, but Se in the extracts was normally distributed with a low standard deviation (4 %), indicating stability of the results from digested extract.
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Salvatore, Silvia, Sergio Finazzi, Alessandra Barassi, Mascia Verzelletti, Anna Tosi, Gian Vico Melzi d'Eril et Luigi Nespoli. « Low Fecal Elastase : Potentially Related to Transient Small Bowel Damage Resulting from Enteric Pathogens ». Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 36, no 3 (mars 2003) : 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2003.tb08032.x.
Résumé :
ABSTRACTFecal elastase is considered to be a highly sensitive and specific non‐invasive exocrine pancreatic function test. However, enteropathy may theoretically cause decreased exocrine pancreatic enzyme secretion through alteration of enteric hormone release.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence of transient small bowel damage on pancreatic elastase secretion.MethodsWe studied 166 children (aged 4 months to 14 years, mean 2 years); 114 of these children had acute enteritis and 52 children were control subjects (with gastro‐intestinal symptoms or extra‐intestinal diseases). Feces were collected from each patient 3 days after the onset of diarrhea and then tested for fecal elastase, bacterial pathogens, Rotavirus, and Adenovirus. Liquid fecal samples were not considered eligible for elastase measurement. Pancreatic elastase was measured using an ELISA method (Sche.Bo.Tech, Germany). We classified the results, expressed in μg/g stool, as: severe pancreatic insufficiency (<100 μg/g), moderate pancreatic insufficiency (100 to 200 μg/g), and normal (>200 μg/g).ResultsIn the acute enteritis group we found severe levels in 14 (12%) children, moderate levels in 18 children (16%), and normal levels in 82 children (72%). In contrast, 52 of 52 (100%) control subjects demonstrated normal results. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon rank test) demonstrated a significant difference between the enteritis and control groups (P < 0.01). Serial measurement of fecal elastase performed in 10 patients with enteritis showed a progressive increase of levels in 6 patients and an early decline with subsequent increases in the other 4 patients.ConclusionsTransient exocrine pancreatic insufficiency may be present in transient small bowel disease, caused by both bacterial and viral infections, possibly related to reduced enteric CCK secretion.
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Farkouh, André, Christoph Baumgärtel, Roman Gottardi, Margit Hemetsberger, Martin Czejka et Alexandra Kautzky-Willer. « Sex-Related Differences in Drugs with Anti-Inflammatory Properties ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no 7 (1 avril 2021) : 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071441.
Résumé :
There is increasing evidence of sex differences in the action of anti-inflammatory drugs, with women being at significantly higher risk of adverse effects. Nevertheless, clinicians’ awareness of the implications of these sex differences on dosing and adverse event monitoring in routine practice is still in need of improvement. We reviewed the literature evaluating sex differences in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory drugs. The anti-thrombotic activity of selective and non-selective COX-inhibitors tends to be stronger in men than women. Side effect profiles differ with regards to gastro-intestinal, renal and hepatic complications. Glucocorticosteroids were found to be more effective in men; women were more sensitive to corticosteroids when their oestradiol levels were high, a finding important for women taking hormonal contraception. TNF-alpha inhibitors have a longer half-life in men, leading to stronger immunosuppression and this a higher incidence of infections as side effects. Although research on sex differences in the effectiveness and safety of drugs is increasing, findings are often anecdotal and controversial. There is no systematic sex-differentiated reporting from clinical trials, and women are often under-represented. As personalized medicine is gaining in importance, sex, and gender aspects need to become integral parts of future research and policy making.
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Morais, Tiago, Sofia S. Pereira, Sara Andrade, Diogo Neves, Marta Guimarães, Mário Nora, Marcos C. Carreira, Felipe F. Casanueva et Mariana P. Monteiro. « GLP-1 Increases Circulating Leptin Levels in Truncal Vagotomized Rats ». Biomedicines 11, no 5 (28 avril 2023) : 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051322.
Résumé :
GLP-1 is a gastro-intestinal hormone acting within the gut/brain axis for energy balance regulation. We aimed to evaluate the role of the vagus nerve in whole-body energy homeostasis and in mediating GLP-1 effects. For this, rats submitted to truncal vagotomy and sham-operated controls underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including eating behavior, body weight, percentage of white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), resting energy expenditure (REE) and acute response to GLP-1. Truncal vagotomized rats had significantly lower food intake, body weight, body weight gain, WAT and BAT, with a higher BAT/WAT ratio, but no significant difference in REE when compared to controls. Vagotomized rats also had significantly higher fasting ghrelin and lower glucose and insulin levels. After GLP-1 administration, vagotomized rats depicted a blunted anorexigenic response and higher plasma leptin levels, as compared to controls. However, in vitro stimulation of VAT explants with GLP-1 resulted in no significant changes in leptin secretion. In conclusion, the vagus nerve influences whole-body energy homeostasis by modifying food intake, body weight and body composition and by mediating the GLP-1 anorectic response. The higher leptin levels in response to acute GLP-1 administration observed after truncal vagotomy suggest the existence of a putative GLP-1-leptin axis that relies on the integrity of gut–brain vagal pathway.
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Santos, Ana, Ana Santos, Clara Castro, Luís Raposo, Sofia Pereira, Isabel Torres, Rui Henrique, Helena Cardoso et Mariana Monteiro. « Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Are Associated with Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ». Cancers 10, no 9 (27 août 2018) : 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090293.
Résumé :
The determinants for gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) recent burden are matters of debate. Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are well established risks for several cancers even though no link with GEP-NETs was yet established. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether well-differentiated GEP-NETs were associated with obesity and MetS. Patients with well-differentiated GEP-NETs (n = 96) were cross-matched for age, gender, and district of residence with a control group (n = 96) derived from the general population in a case-control study. Patients presented gastro-intestinal (75.0%) or pancreatic (22.9%) tumors, grade G1 (66.7%) or G2 (27.1%) with localized disease (31.3%), regional metastasis (16.7%) or distant metastasis (43.8%) at diagnosis, and 45.8% had clinical hormonal syndromes. MetS was defined according to Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Well-differentiated GEP-NETs were associated with MetS criteria as well as the individual components’ waist circumference, fasting triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, p = 0.011 and p < 0.001, respectively). The likelihood of the association was higher when the number of individual MetS components was greater than four. MetS and some individual MetS components including visceral obesity, dyslipidemia, and increased fasting glucose are associated with well-differentiated GEP-NET. This data provides a novel insight in unraveling the mechanisms leading to GEP-NET disease.
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S, Ghosh. « Roles of Melatonin and Phyto-Melatoninas an Anti-Cancer Molecule : An Evolutionary Perspective ». Journal of Natural & ; Ayurvedic Medicine 5, no 3 (13 juillet 2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jonam-16000316.
Résumé :
Etymologically, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) can be traced back to the origin of life. The first origin of melatonin was detected in cyano-bacteria. As considering the endosymbiont hypothesis, cyanobacteria were engulfed by the animal and plant cells. Later on, these bacteria performed the roles of mitochondria and chloroplastids in animals and plant cells respectively. Inner matrices of these organelles are having melatonin and probable function of this intra-organelle melatonin is to protect the organelles from the detrimental effects from free radicals (Reactive Oxygen Species; ROSs and Reactive Nitrogen Species; RNSs). In higher animals, melatonin is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland mainly during the night, since light exposure suppresses its production. Other than pineal gland, melatonin is secreted from several different organs like retina, gastro-intestinal tract. The secretion of this hormone is regulated by several environmental factors like photo-period, temperature, humidity etc. Melatonin can exert its function either by as a free molecule or by its membrane bound receptors MT1 and MT2 respectively. Modulations of melatonin receptors results in stimulation of apoptosis, regulation of pro-survival signaling, inhibition on angiogenesis, metastasis, and induction of epigenetic alteration. Melatonin could also be utilized as adjuvant of cancer therapies, through reinforcing the therapeutic effects and reducing the side effects of chemotherapies or radiation. Melatonin could be an excellent candidate for prevention and treatment of several cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. This review summarized the anticancer efficacy of melatonin, based on the results of epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies.
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Desnoyers, Alexandra, Michelle Nadler, Vikaash Kumar, Ramy Saleh et Eitan Amir. « Comparison of treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) of different CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) : A network meta-analysis. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no 15_suppl (20 mai 2020) : e13052-e13052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13052.
Résumé :
e13052 Background: CDK4/6i in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) are a standard of care in hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative MBC. Palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib have all been approved and while efficacy appears similar, differences in safety and tolerability are apparent. Here we quantify TRAEs comparing the 3 CDK4/6i in a network meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed and ASCO and ESMO proceedings to identify randomized trials (RCT) of CDK4/6i. Data on common and serious TRAE were extracted for each approved CDK4/6i. The odd ratio (OR) for each TRAE and the hazard ratio (HR) for progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated relative to ET alone. A network meta-analysis was then performed for each ET backbone (aromatase inhibitor (AI) or fulvestrant) to compare ribociclib and abemaciclib to palbociclib. Results: 7 RCT were included in the analysis and comprised 2715 patients receiving CDK4/6i (palbociclib: 789 patients; ribociclib: 1153 patients; abemaciclib: 773 patients). In 4 RCT (1440 patients) ET backbone was an AI and in 3 RCT (1275 patients) it was fulvestrant. Compared to palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib showed lower grade 3-4 hematological toxicity, but higher GI toxicity (see table). Treatment discontinuation was higher with abemaciclib than other CDK4/6i. Efficacy of the 3 CDK4/6i was similar. Compared to palbociclib, for AI backbone, the HR for PFS for ribociclib was 1.00 and for abemaciclib 1.04. For fulvestrant backbone, the HR were 0.88 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusions: The three approved CDK4/6i show comparable efficacy, but differences in safety and tolerability. Abemaciclib has worse tolerability with significantly higher treatment discontinuation likely due to gastro-intestinal toxicity. [Table: see text]
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KOPCHAK, V., A. MAZUR, L. PERERVA, О. KHOMENKO, L. MAKSYMENKO, R. ZATSARYNNYY et P. AZADOV. « SEVERE COVID-19 IN PATIENT AT EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD AFTER WHIPPLE’S OPERATION WITH MARGINAL PORTAL VEIN RESECTION ». PAIN, ANAESTHESIA & ; INTENSIVE CARE, no 4(97) (25 novembre 2021) : 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25284/2519-2078.4(97).2021.248407.
Résumé :
Introduction. Pancreatoduodenectomy (PDR or Whipple’s operation) remains the only effective radical method of surgery for tumors of the pancreatic head, distal common bile duct and Vater’s papilla. The most frequent complications of the early postoperative period are: gastrostasis, pancreatic fistula, postoperative bleeding and pulmonary complications. According to World Health Organization (WHO) and reviews, severe COVID-19 usually occurs in older age patients, and in patients with oncological diseases. Case description. Patient V., 64 years old, due to a tumor of the head of the pancreas with invasion of the distal common bile duct and the development of obstructive jaundice, underwent PDR. Histopathologically, ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head, G-2, was confirmed. The PDR operation was performed within healthy tissues, which was confirmed by histopathology. On the second day after surgery, patient was admitted to ICU because of respiratory failure, the SARS-CoV-2 antigen test was positive, we suggest that the patient was in the latent period of COVID-19 disease during the surgery. Patient received hormone therapy, anticoagulants in therapeutic doses, O2-therapy. On the 5th day, because of severe ARDS, the patient was intubated, on the 7th day - convalescent plasma transfused (1 dose). On the 9th day, a tracheostomy was applied for airways care and early activation. Respiratory support was provided twelve days. Patient received early activation, exercises, as well as early enteral nutrition. After ICU discharge, patient’s condition was complicated by the gastro-intestinal bleeding, blood transfusion and embolization of the dorsal pancreatic artery were performed. On the day 66th after surgery patient was discharged home in satisfactory condition. Conclusion. General care and early activation of the patient within early tracheostomy, convalescent plasma usage and the well-coordinated work of the surgical and anesthesiological teams allows timely identification and elimination of early postoperative complications after Whipple’s operation with marginal resection of the portal vein.
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Bauer, Jürgen M., Lucia Mikušová, Sjors Verlaan, Ivan Bautmans, Kirsten Brandt, Lorenzo M. Donini, Marcello Maggio et al. « Safety and tolerability of 6-month supplementation with a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein medical nutrition drink in sarcopenic older adults ». Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 32, no 8 (12 mars 2020) : 1501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01519-x.
Résumé :
Abstract Aims Safety and tolerability of prolonged supplementation with a vitamin D, calcium and leucine-enriched whey protein medical nutrition drink (WP-MND) was evaluated in sarcopenic older adults. Methods A 13-week double-blinded, randomized, isocaloric placebo-controlled trial (PROVIDE study; n = 380) was extended with a voluntary 13-week open-label extension (OLE). OLE participants were randomized to receive daily 1 or 2 servings of WP-MND (21 g protein, 3 g leucine, 10 µg vitD and 500 mg calcium per serving). Gastro-intestinal tolerability, kidney function and serum levels of calcidiol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium were evaluated at week 0, 13 and 26. Results and discussion In response to the high daily protein intake (median1.5; IQR: 1.3, 1.7 g/kg BW/day), the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) increased in the test group during the RCT (p = 0.013). The same trend was observed for those participants with moderate chronic kidney disease. During OLE no eGFR change was observed in any of the groups. Serum calcidiol and calcium reached a plateau after 13-week WP-MND supplementation. As expected, PTH significantly changed in the opposite direction, decreasing during RCT in the test group (T vs C: p < 0.001) and during OLE in former control groups. During RCT, 20/366 participants with normal baseline calcidiol reached levels ≥ 100 nmol/L (T: n = 18; C: n = 2) and 6 developed albumin-corrected calcium levels > 2.55 mmol/L (T: n = 3; C: n = 3), without associated adverse events. Conclusion A 6 months intervention with up to 2 servings of WP-MND did neither result in kidney function deterioration nor symptoms of vitamin D or calcium toxicity. The product was overall well tolerated.
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Koziec, Krystyna, Colin Guy Scanes, Joanna Zubel-Łojek et Alina Gajewska. « Effects of hexarelin and isolation stress on the Met-enkephalin system in young lambs ». Folia Biologica 71, no 4 (29 décembre 2023) : 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb_71-4.19.
Résumé :
Koziec K., S canes C.G., Z ubel-Łojek J., Gajewska A. 2023. Effects of hexarelin and isolation stress on the Met-enkephalin system in young lambs. Folia Biologica (Kraków) 71: 195-206.Stress stands out as the primary instigator of numerous diseases – ranging from cardiovascular and gastro- intestinal to diabetes and nervous disturbances – in most developed nations. Endogenous opioid peptides (EOP), particularly Met-enkephalin, play a crucial role in mitigating the up-regulation of the hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal axis during stress responses, consequently reducing the risk of serious diseases. Hexarelin, a synthetic analog of Met-enkephalin, has been predominantly investigated for its impact on growth hormone (GH) release in both human subjects and rodent models. This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of isolation stress and/or hexarelin administration on various Met-enkephalin-related parameters in a novel animal model – 3-month-old lambs. Four distinct groups were established: a control group, a group intravenously injected with hexarelin, a group subjected to 60 min of isolation stress from the herd, and a group treated with both hexarelin and stress. Blood and hypothalamus samples were collected to analyze cortisol and Met-enkephalin profiles, proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression, Met-enkephalin concentration, in vitro Met-enkephalin secretion, and opioid receptor binding. The findings revealed a significant impact of stress on all assessed parameters. Hexarelin alone led to a decrease in cortisol levels and Met-enkephalin synthesis, release, and receptor binding in the hypothalamus. When administered prior to stress, hexarelin potentiated the responses of opioid parameters to isolation. These results, for the first time, demonstrate that hexarelin interacts with Met-enkephalin, modulating the stress response at both central and peripheral levels in growing lambs. It is suggested that hexarelin plays a crucial role during stress responses; however, further research on its effects should be conducted concurrently with the examination of opioid profiles.
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Belkacemi, Y., G. Coraggio, L. Sirmai, C. Hollande, E. Rambaud, A. Ingels, A. Hadhri et al. « Relationship Between Radiation Therapy Planning Constraints To The Gastro-Intestinal Tract And Fecal Incontinence In Patients Receiving Radiotherapy +/- Hormone Therapy For Localized Prostate Cancer : Results Of The ICONES Prospective Study ». International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 108, no 3 (novembre 2020) : e866-e867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.441.
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Cagossi, Katia, Maria Grazia Lazzaretti, Alessia Ferrari, Giorgia Razzini, Meri Leporati, Rosangela Silvestri, Manlio Iadanza, Aldo Iop et Fabrizio Artioli. « Metronomic cyclophosphamide and capecitabine combined with lapatinib in heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC) HER2-positive patients. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no 15_suppl (20 mai 2012) : e11071-e11071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11071.
Résumé :
e11071 Background: Current therapeutic goals for MBC, as an incurable disease, are symptoms and prolonged disease control together with good quality of life. Metronomic chemotherapy has shown efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of anti-angiogenetic activity of metronomic chemotherapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as lapatinib in heavily pre-treated MBC HER-2 positive patients. Methods: Metastatic breast cancer patients HER-2 positive with CEA or Ca15.3 elevated, measurable disease, prior systemic therapy (chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy) for advanced disease, ECOG performance status < 1 and life expectancy longer than 3 months. MBC patients were treated with metronomic oral capecitabine (1500 mg daily) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily) plus lapatinib (1250 mg daily). The treatment was given until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary objective was time to progression (TTP) and safety. Results: Tenpatients were included. Median age was 56 years old (range 46-76). Median number of previous chemotherapy lines was 5 (range 2-10). Median time to tumor progression was 4 months (2-7). No complete response was observed. Six out of ten patients (60%) with pre-existing only bone metastases achieved a stable disease and/or partial response and are still on treatment after 6 month of therapy. At the same time 100% of these patients exhibited reduction of serum marker concentrations to normal range. No grade 3-4 toxicity was reported. There was no decline in cardiac function. Hematological and gastro-intestinal toxicity was well tolerated (G1-2). No reduction of dose was needed. Conclusions: The treatment appears to be an effective and less toxic option in heavily pretreated MBC patients. Of note is the observed activity in patients with exclusive bone metastases. Monitoring of CEA and Ca15.3 during the first two months of treatment appears to provide a sensitive and economical means of identifying those patients who are responding to the therapy. Therefore, the combination of lapatinib with metronomic chemotherapy should be explored in advance for osseous MBC.
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Mandel, I. D. « The Functions of Saliva ». Journal of Dental Research 66, no 1_suppl (février 1987) : 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660s103.
Résumé :
Nature's demands on salivary glands are extensive and diverse and range from the reptilian need for a venomous drop to incapacitate its prey to the 100 quarts that ruminants require to digest a day's grazing. Other species depend on saliva not for survival, but for improving the quality of life, using the fluid for functions varying from grooming and cleansing to nest-building. Humans can manage without saliva; its loss is not life-threatening in any immediate sense, but it results in a variety of difficulties and miseries. Oral digestion per se is only of marginal importance in humans, but saliva is important in preparing food for mastication, for swallowing, and far normal taste perception. Without saliva, mealtimes are difficult, uncomfortable, and embarrassing. The complex mix of salivary constituents provides an effective set of systems for lubricating and protecting the soft and hard tissues. Protection of soft tissues is afforded against desiccation, penetration, ulceration, and potential carcinogens by mucin and anti-proteases. Saliva can encourage soft tissue repair by reducing clotting time and accelerating wound contraction. A major protective function results from the salivary role in maintenance of the ecological balance in the oral cavity via: (1) debridement/lavage; (2) aggregation and reduced adherence by both immunological and non-immunological means; and (3) direct antibacterial activity. Saliva also possesses antifungal and anti-viral systems. Saliva is effective in maintaining pH in the oral cavity, contributes to the regulation of plaque pH, and helps neutralize reflux acids in the esophagus. Salivary maintenance of tooth integrity is dependent on: (I) mechanical cleansing and carbohydrate clearance; (2) post-eruptive maturation of enamel; (3) regulation of the ionic environment to provide a remineralizing potential without spontaneous precipitation; and (4) pellicle deposition and limitation of acid diffusion. Saliva also plays a role in water balance, can serve in a limited way in excretion, and has possible hormonal function in the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Mandel, I. D. « The Functions of Saliva ». Journal of Dental Research 66, no 2_suppl (février 1987) : 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660s203.
Résumé :
Nature's demands on salivary glands are extensive and diverse and range from the reptilian need for a venomous drop to incapacitate its prey to the 100 quarts that ruminants require to digest a day's grazing. Other species depend on saliva not for survival, but for improving the quality of life, using the fluid for functions varying from grooming and cleansing to nest-building. Humans can manage without saliva; its loss is not life-threatening in any immediate sense, but it results in a variety of difficulties and miseries. Oral digestion per se is only of marginal importance in humans, but saliva is important in preparing food for mastication, for swallowing, and far normal taste perception. Without saliva, mealtimes are difficult, uncomfortable, and embarrassing. The complex mix of salivary constituents provides an effective set of systems for lubricating and protecting the soft and hard tissues. Protection of soft tissues is afforded against desiccation, penetration, ulceration, and potential carcinogens by mucin and anti-proteases. Saliva can encourage soft tissue repair by reducing clotting time and accelerating wound contraction. A major protective function results from the salivary role in maintenance of the ecological balance in the oral cavity via; (1) debridement/lavage; (2) aggregation and reduced adherence by both immunological and nan-immunological means; and (3) direct antibacterial activity. Saliva also possesses antifungal and anti-viral systems. Saliva is effective in maintaining pH in the oral cavity, contributes to the regulation of plaque pH, and helps neutralize reflux acids in the esophagus. Salivary maintenance of tooth integrity is dependent on: (1) mechanical cleansing and carbohydrate clearance; (2) post-eruptive maturation of enamel; (3) regulation of the ionic environment to provide a remineralizing potential without spontaneous precipitation; and (4) pellicle deposition and limitation of acid diffusion. Saliva also plays a role in water balance, can serve in a limited way in excretion, and has possible hormonal function in the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Legros, Laurence, Veronique Breuil, Patricia Ferrari, Jean Testa et Jill-Patrice Cassuto. « Hypophosphatemia Observed in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated with Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec®) Is Related to Digestive Side-Effects. » Blood 108, no 11 (16 novembre 2006) : 4765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4765.4765.
Résumé :
Abstract The therapeutic strategy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has been totally modified with the development of Imatinib Mesylate (Gleevec®), a specific inhibitor of Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase activity. However, many side-effects are reported with Gleevec, generally low grade. We report a new side-effect in patients treated with Glevec® for CML: hypophosphatemia. Between September 2001 and February 2005, 38 patients with CML were treated with Gleevec®. Thirty-four patients (18 males, 16 females) had a complete clinical and biological follow-up including into bone metabolism. Fifteen patients presenting a low level of serum phosphorus. Hyphosphatemia appeared within a median of 15 months (range: 1–47). Comparison of normal and hypophosphatemic patients did not show any statistically significant difference regarding age, treatment duration and dose of Gleevec®. Moreover, in 17 patients, we investigated the plasma level of Gleevec® as described by Mahon FX et coll. And did not find a correlation between the phosphorus level and concentration of Gleevec® (1). We next investigated phosphorus metabolism starting with digestive excretion because Gleevec® is known to induce gastro-intestinal side-effects. A multivariate analysis showed a correlation between hypophosphatemia and diarrhea (p<0.05). It suggests that the hypophosphatemia is related to digestive dysfunction. Moreover, we gave oral phosphorus supplementation for 3 months to 3 patients and failed to rescue normal phosphorus levels but exacerbated in all patients the digestive side-effects. This finding does not support interest in phosphorus supplementation. Interestingly, we observed a low cross-laps serum level in all patients, independently of their phosphatemia status. A similar observation was recently reported by Berman E and coll in 16 patients treated for gastrointestinal stromal tumors and CML (2). They suggested inhibition of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor b. Parathyroid hormone levels were similar in both groups and the low levels in the phosphorus group tended to correlate with an increased level of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, but did not reach significance. This is could be in favour of an inhibition of bone remodelling by Gleevec® independently of hypophosphatemia. This suggests a possible implication of FGF23, a major regulator of phosphorus metabolism, that need to be further investigated.
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Greco, Carlo, Nuno Pimentel, Oriol Pares, Vasco Louro et Zvi Y. Fuks. « Single-dose radiotherapy (SDRT) in the management of intermediate risk prostate cancer : Early results from a phase II randomized trial. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no 6_suppl (20 février 2018) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.128.
Résumé :
128 Background: To report initial response, acute treatment-related toxicity and patient-reported quality of life (QoL) after 24Gy SDRT derived from a randomized Phase II study of patients with intermediate-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate (NCCN definition). Methods: Between November 2015 and December 2016, 30 hormone-naïve patients were enrolled in an IRB-approved prospectively randomized phase II study to receive either 45Gy in 5 consecutive daily fractions (Hypo-SBRT) or 24Gy SDRT. Treatment was based on VMAT-IGRT with urethral sparing via a dose-painting technique and real-time motion management with beacon transponders. The PTV included the MR-delineated prostate gland and seminal vesicles with 2 mm margin. Precise PTV targeting and anatomical reproducibility was achieved via placement of an endorectal air-filled balloon (150 cc) and a Foley catheter. This setup also conferred organ motion mitigation, and online tracking ensured treatment delivery within the 2 mm PTV margin.. Genito-urinary (GU) and gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity were graded according to the NCI CTCAE v.4, and QoL was assessed by EPIC and IPSS questionnaires. Tumor response was assessed biochemically (PSA) and by follow-up MRI at 3 months after treatment and at 6 months intervals thereafter. Results: With a median follow-up of 16 months (range, 11-24), no grade ≥2 acute GI or GU toxicities were observed in either group. There were no significant differences in mean EPIC scores in all domains. An initial 6% and 8% drop in the EPIC urinary domain score occurred in the hypo and SDRT arm respectively, returning to baselines by 3 months. . PSA reduction kinetics were similar between the two regimens, reaching ≤1 ng/mL by 18 months. Of note, all cases, regardless of treatment regimen, converted to non-detectable disease on MRI at 6 months. Patients in this trial will receive a planned 24 months post-treatment biopsy to validate treatment outcome. Conclusions: These early trial outcomes indicate that 24Gy SDRT can be consistently and safely delivered, yielding the same low acute toxicity as demonstrated with the hypo 5x9Gy schedule, and is associated with excellent QoL measures. Clinical trial information: NCT02570919.