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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Gas geochemistry »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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1

Foland, Kenneth A. « Noble gas geochemistry ». Chemical Geology : Isotope Geoscience section 58, no 4 (juillet 1986) : 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(86)90023-0.

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Mitchell, J. G. « Noble gas geochemistry ». Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 37, no 4 (mars 1985) : 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(85)90019-6.

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Italiano, Francesco, Andrzej Solecki, Giovanni Martinelli, Yunpeng Wang et Guodong Zheng. « New Applications in Gas Geochemistry ». Geofluids 2020 (2 juillet 2020) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4976190.

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Gases present in the Earth crust are important in various branches of human activities. Hydrocarbons are a significant energy resource, helium is applied in many high-tech instruments, and studies of crustal gas dynamics provide insight in the geodynamic processes and help monitor seismic and volcanic hazards. Quantitative analysis of methane and CO2 migration is important for climate change studies. Some of them are toxic (H2S, CO2, CO); radon is responsible for the major part of human radiation dose. The development of analytical techniques in gas geochemistry creates opportunities of applying this science in numerous fields. Noble gases, hydrocarbons, CO2, N2, H2, CO, and Hg vapor are measured by advanced methods in various environments and matrices including fluid inclusions. Following the “Geochemical Applications of Noble Gases”(2009), “Frontiers in Gas Geochemistry” (2013), and “Progress in the Application of Gas Geochemistry to Geothermal, Tectonic and Magmatic Studies” (2017) published as special issues of Chemical Geology and “Gas geochemistry: From conventional to unconventional domains” (2018) published as a special issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology, this volume continues the tradition of publishing papers reflecting the diversity in scope and application of gas geochemistry.
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4

Hanson, B. « GEOCHEMISTRY : A Scarcity of Gas ». Science 292, no 5525 (22 juin 2001) : 2219e—2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.292.5525.2219e.

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Hanson, B. « GEOCHEMISTRY : Stores of Heating Gas ». Science 301, no 5631 (18 juillet 2003) : 279a—279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.301.5631.279a.

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Anonymous. « JGR special section : Gas Geochemistry ». Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no 15 (1985) : 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i015p00161-04.

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Ott, Ulrich. « Noble gas geochemistry and cosmochemistry ». Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59, no 22 (novembre 1995) : 4785–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)90050-0.

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Duddridge, G. A., P. Grainger et E. M. Durrance. « Fault detection using soil gas geochemistry ». Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 24, no 4 (novembre 1991) : 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.qjeg.1991.024.04.09.

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Martinelli, G. « Gas Geochemistry and 222Rn Migration Process ». Radiation Protection Dosimetry 78, no 1 (1 juillet 1998) : 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032338.

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Clayton, J. L. « Geochemistry of coalbed gas – A review ». International Journal of Coal Geology 35, no 1-4 (février 1998) : 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-5162(97)00017-7.

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Service, R. F. « GEOCHEMISTRY : Catalytic Explanation for Natural Gas ». Science 280, no 5363 (24 avril 1998) : 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5363.524.

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Yongchang, Xu, Shen Ping, Sun Mingliang et Xu Sheng. « Non-hydrocarbon and noble gas geochemistry ». Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences 5, no 1-4 (janvier 1991) : 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-9547(91)90044-x.

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Kennedy, B. M., J. H. Reynolds et S. P. Smith. « Noble gas geochemistry in thermal springs ». Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, no 7 (juillet 1988) : 1919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90015-4.

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14

Toutain, Jean-Paul, et Jean-Claude Baubron. « Gas geochemistry and seismotectonics : a review ». Tectonophysics 304, no 1-2 (mars 1999) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-1951(98)00295-9.

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15

Bagaskara, M. F., A. D. Oktaviani, R. Setyadi, D. A. Yoga, D. N. Sahdarani et D. T. Kurniadi. « Gas geochemistry analysis in Candradimuka Crater, Mount Lawu, Central Java, Indonesia ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 851, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012036.

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Abstract Mount Lawu is a stratovolcano in Central Java that holds a large geothermal energy potential. Within Mount Lawu Geothermal Area, several thermal manifestations could be located one of them being Candradimuka Crater located at the proximity of Mount Lawu peak. This study aims to assess the gas geochemistry in Candradimuka Crater by obtaining gas sample within the crater area. Gas geochemistry analysis uses geothermometer, geoindicator, and N2-He-Ar ternary diagram to analyse the subsurface condition. The analysis reveals that the fluid circulating in the crater originated from meteoric water and that Mount Lawu reservoir temperature ranged between 250°C - 289°C. Based on geological observation and gas geochemistry, Candradimuka Crater is located within the upflow zone of Mount Lawu.
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16

Wang, Yunpeng, Shuichang Zhang et Galip Yuce. « Gas geochemistry : From conventional to unconventional domains ». Marine and Petroleum Geology 89 (janvier 2018) : 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.08.023.

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17

Béhar, F., et R. Pelet. « Pyrolysis-gas chromatography applied to organic geochemistry ». Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 8 (avril 1985) : 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(85)80024-3.

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18

YANG, T. F. « Recent progress in the application of gas geochemistry : examples from Taiwan and the 9th International Gas Geochemistry Conference ». Geofluids 8, no 4 (novembre 2008) : 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2008.00232.x.

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19

Kato, Susumu, Amane Waseda, Hideki Nishita et Hirotsugu Iwano. « Gas geochemistry in the Sagara district, Shizuoka Prefecture ». Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 74, no 5 (2009) : 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.74.462.

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20

Zhang, S., et Y. Shuai. « Geochemistry and distribution of biogenic gas in China ». Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 63, no 1 (1 mars 2015) : 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gscpgbull.63.1.53.

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21

Porcelli, D., C. J. Ballentine et R. Wieler. « An Overview of Noble Gas Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry ». Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 47, no 1 (1 janvier 2002) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.47.1.

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22

King, Chi-Yu. « Gas geochemistry applied to earthquake prediction : An overview ». Journal of Geophysical Research : Solid Earth 91, B12 (10 novembre 1986) : 12269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb091ib12p12269.

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23

Colling, E. L., B. H. Burda et P. A. Kelley. « Multidimensional Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography : Applications in Petroleum Geochemistry ». Journal of Chromatographic Science 24, no 1 (1 janvier 1986) : 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/24.1.7.

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24

Yang, Tsanyao Frank. « Regional and Tectonic Applications of Gas/Fluid Geochemistry ». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 65 (mars 2013) : 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.02.010.

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25

Meninta, Karina, Muhammad Tressna Gandapradana et Dicky Muslim. « Shale Gas Potential in Telisa Formation, Central Sumatera Basin as a Review to Fulfill Future Energy Demand ». KnE Energy 2, no 2 (1 décembre 2015) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ken.v2i2.365.

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<p>These days, world’s energy demand is increasing because of so many factors and at the same time conventional energy resource was decreasing for a last few years. In this situation, shale gas rise and rapidly growth to fulfill world’s energy demand. Shale gas is a natural gas which is trapped within the shale formation because of shale impermeable characteristic. Shale refers to fine grained, laminated, clastic sedimentary rocks that can be rich of organic matters. Focus study in this research is located in Telisa rock formation, Central Sumatera. This research methods used literature study concerning in regional geology including regional stratigraphy, structural geology and geochemistry analysis. Telisa formation has a great potential of shale gas resource. Therefore, it is interesting to discuss about Telisa formation potential of shale gas to alternate conventional energy to fulfill future energy demand.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: energy demand; geochemistry; shale gas; telisa formation; unconventional energy</p>
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26

Elliott, Lindsay. « Water washing : a major hydrocarbon alteration process. Part 1—geochemistry ». APPEA Journal 48, no 1 (2008) : 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj07013.

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This paper presents the geochemistry portion of a larger study attempting to better predict hydrocarbon type prior to drilling. The geochemistry indicates that condensate-gas or gas-oil ratios have a predictable relationship with gasoline-range hydrocarbon solubility. The study shows that soluble gasoline-range aromatic compounds such as toluene are significantly depleted in oils compared with gases, whereas more insoluble compounds such as methylcyclohexane are enriched. The review indicates that water-washing in the reservoir is a major alteration process affecting hydrocarbon type and, in extreme cases, can convert a major gas accumulation into a smaller oil accumulation. Source type and maturity have a relationship with the volume of liquids produced, but are not the primary control on the hydrocarbon phase in the reservoir. The water-washing process will also affect carbon dioxide geosequestration projects, particularly where injection into abandoned low GOR oilfields is proposed.
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27

Feng, Ziqi, Shipeng Huang, Wei Wu, Chen Xie, Weilong Peng et Yuwen Cai. « Longmaxi shale gas geochemistry in Changning and Fuling gas fields, the Sichuan Basin ». Energy Exploration & ; Exploitation 35, no 2 (17 janvier 2017) : 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598716687931.

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This paper focuses on Longmaxi shale gas geochemistry and carbon isotopic reversal in Changning and Fuling gas fields through comparative study of shale gas composition and carbon and hydrogen isotopes in North America and Changning and Fuling gas fields. Longmaxi shale gas in Changning and Fuling gas fields exhibits the features of dry gas. Specifically, the average methane (CH4) content is 98.72 and 98.17%, respectively. The humidity is less than 0.5%. Nonhydrocarbon gases include a small amount of CO2 and N2. Extremely heavy δ13C1 value, average δ13C2 value of −33.3 and −34.6‰ for Changning and Fuling, and sapropelic organic matter indicate the properties of petroliferous dry gas. Carbon isotopic reversal, i.e. δ13C1>δ13C2>δ13C3, may be caused by combined secondary effects at high maturity and high geotemperature. The reversal may also be related to ethane Rayleigh fractionation and late methane generation by water and transition metals reaction. Geologic setting in these two gas fields may have an impact on carbon isotopes distribution.
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28

Cesar, Jaime. « Unconventional Gas Geochemistry—An Emerging Concept after 20 Years of Shale Gas Development ? » Minerals 12, no 10 (22 septembre 2022) : 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12101188.

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Geochemical studies of gases from low-permeability reservoirs have raised new questions regarding the chemical and stable isotope systematics of gas hydrocarbons. For instance, the possibility of thermodynamic equilibrium is recurrently in discussion. However, it is not clear whether there is anything “unconventional” in the way these systems continue to be studied. Using molecular and stable carbon isotope data from North American unconventional and conventional reservoirs, this research has applied two parameters that well describe key transformation stages during gas generation. The δ13C of ethane and the C2/C3 ratio increase from baseline values (<1%Ro, prominent kerogen cracking) until a first inflexion at 1.5%Ro. The same inflexion leads to 13C depletion of ethane and a rapidly increasing C2/C3 ratio as hydrocarbon cracking becomes prominent. The transition between these two stages is proposed to be a crossover from equilibrium to non-equilibrium conditions. There is no evidence for these characteristics to be limited to low-permeability reservoirs. Unconventional gas geochemistry should represent an approach that acknowledges that chemical and isotope distributions are not ruled by only one mechanism but several and at specific intervals of the thermal history.
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29

Cao, Chunhui, Li Du, Liwu Li, Jian He et Zhongping Li. « Gas geochemistry characteristic of shale gas in Longmaxi Formation, SE Sichuan Basin, China ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 52 (janvier 2017) : 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/52/1/012009.

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30

Xia, Luo, Sun Fenjin, Shao Mingli, Wang Zhihong, Zeng Fuying, Zhao Zehui, Xia Li et He Feng. « Geochemistry of deep coal-type gas and gas source rocks in Songliao Basin ». Petroleum Exploration and Development 36, no 3 (juin 2009) : 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1876-3804(09)60131-2.

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31

Bazhenova, Tatiana K. « Elements of regional organic geochemistry and separate prediction of oil and gas content of regions ». Georesursy 23, no 2 (25 mai 2021) : 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/10.18599/grs.2021.2.3.

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The article considers the elements of organic geochemistry in the regional aspect, which aims to separate quantitative prediction of oil and gas content of regions. The principles and results of balance calculations of generation and emission of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons for different facies-genetic types of organic matter and methods for calculating the scale of hydrocarbon emission are considered. Finally, a list of the main regularities of organic geochemistry is given.
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Bazhenova, Tatiana K. « Elements of regional organic geochemistry and separate prediction of oil and gas content of regions ». Georesursy 23, no 2 (25 mai 2021) : 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18599/grs.2021.2.3.

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The article considers the elements of organic geochemistry in the regional aspect, which aims to separate quantitative prediction of oil and gas content of regions. The principles and results of balance calculations of generation and emission of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons for different facies-genetic types of organic matter and methods for calculating the scale of hydrocarbon emission are considered. Finally, a list of the main regularities of organic geochemistry is given.
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33

Dwiantoro, Mulyono, et Sundek Hariyadi. « Studi Komponen Gas Hidrokarbon Batubara Menggunakan Metode Pirolisis Gas Kromatografi ». Jurnal Geomine 7, no 3 (14 février 2020) : 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.33536/jg.v7i3.382.

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This recent research was conducted to investigate the characteristics of lignite from organic geochemistry side using pyrolysis method of gas chromatography. Thi aim of the study is to analyze three important things concluding the generated hydrocarbon gases, calculate the gas volume, and investigate its environmental setting. The gas product is called pyrolisat which generated during processing of pyrolysis that shown as chromatogram graph on computer screen concluding group of short carbon- chain (C1-4), medium carbon-chain (C5-14), and long carbon-chain (C15). The research result revealed that short carbon-chain has dominant percentage (81,9%) than medium carbon chain (9,5%) or long carbon chain (8,6%). This condition indicates that coal sample consisted of various organic matter particularly methane which derived from land plants. Based on these research results, it can be conclude that organic matters were originally from terrestrial environmental setting.
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Lix, C., P. Zuddas, C. Inguaggiato, X. Guichet, J. Benavente et M. Barbier. « New Insights on Betic Cordillera Structure From Gas Geochemistry ». Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19, no 12 (décembre 2018) : 4945–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gc007712.

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Kemski, J., R. Klingel, H. Schneiders, A. Siehl et J. Wiegand. « Geological Structure and Geochemistry Controlling Radon in Soil Gas ». Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no 1-4 (1 décembre 1992) : 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081533.

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Kemski, J., R. Klingel, H. Schneiders, A. Siehl et J. Wiegand. « Geological Structure and Geochemistry Controlling Radon in Soil Gas ». Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no 1-4 (1 décembre 1992) : 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.235.

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37

Zhao, Wenzhi, Maowen Li, Steve Larter et Shuichang Zhang. « Advances in natural gas geochemistry of Chinese sedimentary basins ». Organic Geochemistry 36, no 12 (décembre 2005) : 1581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.08.005.

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38

Yang, Tsanyao Frank, David R. Hilton, Francesco Italiano et Jens Heinicke. « Applications of fluid and gas geochemistry for geohazards investigation ». Applied Geochemistry 25, no 4 (avril 2010) : 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.01.007.

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39

Moussallam, Yves, Clive Oppenheimer et Bruno Scaillet. « A novel approach to volcano surveillance using gas geochemistry ». Comptes Rendus. Géoscience 355, S2 (26 octobre 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crgeos.158.

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Liu, QuanYou, ShengFei Qin, Jian Li, WenHui Liu, DianWei Zhang, QingHua Zhou et AnPing Hu. « Natural gas geochemistry and its origins in Kuqa depression ». Science in China Series D : Earth Sciences 51, S1 (mai 2008) : 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-008-5003-3.

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Zhao, Ping, Ji Dor, Tingli Liang, Jian Jin et Haizheng Zhang. « Characteristics of gas geochemistry in Yangbajing geothermal field, Tibet ». Chinese Science Bulletin 43, no 21 (novembre 1998) : 1770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02883369.

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Boreham, Chris, Janet Hope et Dianne Edwards. « Neo-pentane in gas–gas correlation ». Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no 18 (août 2006) : A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.06.1594.

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Lorenson, Thomas D., et Timothy S. Collett. « National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 01 offshore India ; gas hydrate systems as revealed by hydrocarbon gas geochemistry ». Marine and Petroleum Geology 92 (avril 2018) : 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.11.011.

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44

ETIOPE, G., et C. BACIU. « Geofluids and natural gas in Romania, and the 10th International Conference on Gas Geochemistry ». Geofluids 10, no 4 (26 octobre 2010) : 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00317.x.

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Chen, Biying, Yi Liu, Lujia Fang, Sheng Xu, Finlay M. Stuart et Congqiang Liu. « A review of noble gas geochemistry in natural gas from sedimentary basins in China ». Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 246 (mai 2023) : 105578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105578.

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Weinlich, Falk H. « The nitrogen and methane gas occurrences of the Saxonian Erzgebirge and its adjacent areas geochemistry and origin ». Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 159, no 2 (1 juin 2008) : 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2008/0159-0317.

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47

Zhao, Shuangfeng, Wen Chen, Zhenhong Wang, Ting Li, Hongxing Wei et Yu Ye. « Fluid geochemistry of the Jurassic Ahe Formation and implications for reservoir formation in the Dibei area, Tarim Basin, northwest China ». Energy Exploration & ; Exploitation 36, no 4 (22 février 2018) : 801–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718759560.

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The condensate gas reservoirs of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Dibei area of the Tarim Basin, northwest China are typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs and contain abundant resources. However, the hydrocarbon sources and reservoir accumulation mechanism remain debated. Here the distribution and geochemistry of fluids in the Ahe gas reservoirs are used to investigate the formation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the history of hydrocarbon generation, trap development, and reservoir evolution. Carbon isotopic analyses show that the oil and natural gas of the Ahe Formation originated from different sources. The natural gas was derived from Jurassic coal measure source rocks, whereas the oil has mixed sources of Lower Triassic lacustrine source rocks and minor amounts of coal-derived oil from Jurassic coal measure source rocks. The geochemistry of light hydrocarbon components and n-alkanes shows that the early accumulated oil was later altered by infilling gas due to gas washing. Consequently, n-alkanes in the oil are scarce, whereas naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons with the same carbon numbers are relatively abundant. The fluids in the Ahe Formation gas reservoirs have an unusual distribution, where oil is distributed above gas and water is locally produced from the middle of some gas reservoirs. The geochemical characteristics of the fluids show that this anomalous distribution was closely related to the dynamic accumulation of oil and gas. The period of reservoir densification occurred between the two stages of oil and gas accumulation, which led to the early accumulated oil and part of the residual formation water being trapped in the tight reservoir. After later gas filling into the reservoir, the fluids could not undergo gravity differentiation, which accounts for the anomalous distribution of fluids in the Ahe Formation.
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48

van Bergen, Pim F., et Marc Gordon. « Production geochemistry : fluids don't lie and the devil is in the detail ». Geological Society, London, Special Publications 484, no 1 (25 septembre 2018) : 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp484.1.

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AbstractThe application of production geochemistry techniques has been shown to provide abundant and often low-cost high-value fluid information that helps to maximize and safeguard production. Critical aspects to providing successful data relate to the appropriate sampling strategy and sampling selection which are generally project-aim-specific. In addition, the continuous direct integration of the production geochemistry data with subsurface and surface understanding is pivotal. Examples from two specific areas have been presented including: (a) the effective use of IsoTubes in the production realm; and (b) the application of geochemical fingerprinting primarily based on multidimensional gas chromatography. Mud gas stable carbon isotopes from low-cost IsoTubes have been shown to be very effective in recognizing within-well fluid compartments, as well as recognizing specific hydrocarbon seals in overburden section, including the selective partial seal for only C2+ gas species. With respect to geochemical fingerprinting, examples have been presented related to reservoir surveillance including compartmentalization, lateral and vertical connectivity, as well as fluid movements and fault/baffle breakthrough. The production-related examples focus on fluid allocation within a single well, as well as on its application for pipeline residence times, fluid identification and well testing.
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Sun, Ping'an, Jian Cao, Xulong Wang, Yueqian Zhang, Yong Tang, Abulimiti, Baoli Xiang et Ming Wu. « Geochemistry and Origins of Natural Gases in the Southwestern Junggar Basin, Northwest China ». Energy Exploration & ; Exploitation 30, no 5 (octobre 2012) : 707–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.30.5.707.

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The southwestern Junggar Basin in northwest China is a significant target of basin's hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation at present. It is petroliferous mainly in oil production. However, natural gas should have good prospects because multiple sets of gas-prone source rocks are developed. Thus, in order to expand the field of hydrocarbon exploration (natural gas in particular), origins of the gases were discussed in this paper based on relatively comprehensive analyses of gas geochemistry, which include components, carbon isotopes and light hydrocarbons of gas and biomarkers of associated condensates. The results indicate two typical genetic types of gases. The first type is the coal-type and oil-type gases sourced from Permian lacustrine mudstones in the Shawan sag. It is distributed mainly in the Chepaizi area, whose most distinctive geochemical feature is the θ13C2 value (ranging from −30.29‰ to −25.09‰ with an average of −27.03‰.) The gas exploration potential is good. By contrast, the second type of gas is the coal-type gas sourced from Jurassic coal-bearing rocks in the southern basin. It is distributed mainly in the western area of the southern basin, with a few in the southern part of the Chepaizi area. θ13C2 value of the gases ranges from −27.14‰ to −21.74‰ with an average of −24.81‰, sharply heavier than that of the first type of gas. Gas exploration potential is fairly good, mainly being controlled by source-rock maturity.
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Lan, Tianhe, Huihu Liu, Shuxun Sang et Hongjie Xu. « Study on geochemistry discriminate method of gas emission in goaf ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 69 (juin 2017) : 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/69/1/012057.

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