Articles de revues : « Gambling related cognition »

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OEI, TIAN P. S., et NAMRATA RAYLU. « Familial influence on offspring gambling : a cognitive mechanism for transmission of gambling behavior in families ». Psychological Medicine 34, n^o 7 (octobre 2004) : 1279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704003150.

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Background. The problem-gambling literature has identified a range of individual, cognitive, behavioral and emotional factors as playing important roles in the development, maintenance and treatment of problem gambling. However, familial factors have often been neglected. The current study aims to investigate the possible influence of parental factors on offspring gambling behavior.Method. A total of 189 families (546 individuals) completed several questionnaires including the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the Gambling Related Cognition Scale (GRCS). The relationships were examined using Pearson product-moment correlations and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses.Results. Results showed that generally parents' (especially fathers') gambling cognitions and gambling behaviors positively correlated with offspring gambling behaviors and cognitions. However, SEM analyses showed that although parental gambling behavior was directly related to offspring gambling behavior, parental cognitions were not related to offspring gambling behavior directly but indirectly via offspring cognitions.Conclusion. The findings show that the influence of parental gambling cognition on offspring gambling behavior is indirect and via offspring cognitions. The results suggest a possible cognitive mechanism of transmission of gambling behavior in the family from one generation to the next.

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KIM, Doo-Kyung, Jee-Hee SONG, Yun-Joo KIM et Kyung-Jae SONG. « Effects of Gambling Cognition, Perceived Gambling Accessibility, and Gambling Behavior on Military Life Adjustment in Military Soldiers ». Association of Korea Counseling Psychology Education Welfare 9, n^o 6 (31 décembre 2022) : 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20496/cpew.2022.9.6.9.

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This study is for how military soldiers' gambling cognition, perceived gambling accessibility,and gambling behavior influence military life adjustment. Mediating effect of perceived gamblingaccessibility and gambling behavior were verified between gambling cognition and military lifeadjustment from the data of 193 active duty soldiers. Results are as follows. First, gamblingcognition, perceived gambling accessibility, and gambling behavior showed positive correlations,gambling related variables such as gambling cognition and perceived gambling availabilityshowed negative correlations with military life adjustment. Perceived gambling accessibility wasa mediating factor between gambling cognition and military life adjustment. Mediating effect ofgambling behavior was not significant between gambling cognition and military life adjustment. This study is meaningful for investigating gambling path of soldiers and effect ofgambling-related factors on military life adjustment.

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Situ, Jianbin, et Ziying Mo. « Risk Propensity, Gambling Cognition and Gambling Behavior : The Role of Family and Peer Influences ». Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 6, n^o 1 (2 février 2016) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v6n1p77.

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Drawing on learning style theory (Curry, 1983), the present study examines the influence of risk propensity on gambling behavior by focusing on the mediating role of gambling cognition and the moderating role of both familial monitoring and peer gambling. Applying a survey of 207 local residents and tourists in Macau, we found that risk propensity positively related to gambling behavior through its influences on facilitating gambling cognition controlled by familial monitoring; and gambling cognition also positively linked to gambling behavior moderated by peer gambling. Moreover, the moderated path analysis suggests that familial monitoring weakened risk propensity’s direct influence on gambling cognition, and peer gambling strengthened the relationship between gambling cognition and gambling behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

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Wiśniewski, Piotr. « Grey market of gambling in Poland – Counteraction and Forecasts ». Financial Law Review, n^o 22 (2) (2021) : 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996834flr.21.012.13980.

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The article relates to the dynamics of change of the grey market of gambling in Poland. The meaning of legal regulations concerning organisation of gambling and gaming tax within the mechanism to prevent shadow economy of gambling constitute the basic research issue. Its purpose is to identify legal solutions that effectively protect public finance. A broad definition of the phenomenon of the grey market of gambling comprising distortion of the market competitiveness mechanism for the business makes allowance for its consequence in the form of tax gap, which is a real loss for the public finance. Multidimensional, complex nature of gambling justifies diversification of test methodology and application of a dogmatic-legal method. The selected model of scientific cognition is based on an intuitive-synthetic assumption that the gambling matter is not completely recognisable due to the dynamics of the occurring processes. The available statistical works that give rise to the conclusions related to the effectives of the adopted legal solutions have empirical value. The efficiency of legal solutions enhancing the attractiveness of legal gambling activities, which guarantee cash flow transparency and ensure safety of gamers has been confirmed. Creating optimal conditions for conducting legal gambling activity is of basic importance when it comes to combating shadow economy of gambling. Decreasing tax rates along with tax bases has a stimulating impact on the increase of the number of entities operating in a legal manner on the gambling market. Prohibitive solutions related to determination of the access to legal gambling services inadequate in relation to the demand fail to comprise efficient counteraction measures for the grey market of gambling. The absence of unambiguous criteria for estimation of the size of the grey market of gambling limits the cognitive possibilities. The available data allow for an optimistic conclusion that the grey market of gambling in Poland is gradually decreased. However, the forecasts exclude the anticipated elimination of the entire phenomenon, making allowance for cross-border nature of games on the Internet, technological progress used by the unfair businesses and difficulties of legislative process in the scope of gambling. The author of the paper hopes that the presented considerations may comprise material helpful in the course of further scientific research.

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Dodig Hundric, Dora, Sabina Mandic et Neven Ricijas. « Short-Term Effectiveness of the Youth Gambling Prevention Program “Who Really Wins?”—Results from the First National Implementation ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 19 (26 septembre 2021) : 10100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910100.

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As a response to significant adolescent gambling involvement, a Croatian team of researchers and practitioners developed a universal, comprehensive, evidence-based youth gambling prevention program called “Who Really Wins?”. This study presents the results on its short-term effectiveness following the first national implementation in 18 Croatian cities, with a total of 629 high school students (66.5% male) who completed the program. A design with two measurement sessions (pre-test and post-test) was used to explore the short-term effects of the program on gambling-related knowledge and cognition, frequency of gambling, and various socio-emotional skills. The results showed significant effects when it comes to knowledge, cognitive distortions, and the frequency of sports betting and playing lottery games. Furthermore, the program had no harmful effects on any of the measured variables. The results are interpreted in terms of methodological challenges in measuring effects, possible improvements of the program, and implications for future evaluation research.

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Lévesque, David, Serge Sévigny, Isabelle Giroux et Christian Jacques. « Gambling-Related Cognition Scale (GRCS) : Are skills-based games at a disadvantage ? » Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 31, n^o 6 (septembre 2017) : 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000297.

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Na, Jihun, et Jaekyoung Lee. « The Influence of Sensation Seeking on Gambling Problems through Gambling related Distorted Cognition among University Students : Moderated Mediation Effects by Access to Gambling ». Korean Journal of Family Social Work 69, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2022) : 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.16975/kjfsw.69.4.8.

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Toneatto, Tony, Lisa Vettese et Linda Nguyen. « The role of mindfulness in the cognitive-behavioural treatment of problem gambling ». Journal of Gambling Issues, n^o 19 (1 janvier 2007) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2007.19.12.

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Recent years have witnessed the emergence of mindfulness meditation as an important intervention in the alleviation of illness-related disability and distress. Although originally developed within the context of physical illnesses such as chronic back pain, recent years have seen mindfulness meditation effective in the alleviation of emotional distress, especially anxiety and depression. Mindfulness meditation assists the individual in learning more adaptive ways of responding to aversive mental states by encouraging a focus on remaining present, non-judgement, and acceptance towards all mental states. Unlike cognitive therapy there is no attempt to directly challenge or restructure cognition. Given the prominence of distorted thinking among problem gamblers and the difficulty in modifying them, mindfulness meditation holds promise as an adjunctive intervention to help problem gamblers learn to cope with gambling-relevant cognitive distortions. A case study is presented illustrating the integration of mindfulness meditation into treatment for problem gambling.

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Abdollahnejad, Reza, Paul Delfabbro et Linley Denson. « Understanding the relationship between pathological gambling and gambling-related cognition scores : the role of alcohol use disorder and delusion proneness ». International Gambling Studies 14, n^o 2 (18 février 2014) : 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2014.886711.

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Pu, Bingyan, Huamao Peng et Shiyong Xia. « Role of Emotion and Cognition on Age Differences in the Framing Effect ». International Journal of Aging and Human Development 85, n^o 3 (19 février 2017) : 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017691284.

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Framing effect studies indicate that individuals are risk averse for decisions framed as gains but risk-seeking for decisions framed as losses. Findings of age-related differences in susceptibility to framing are mixed. In the current study, we examined emotional arousal in two decision tasks (life saving vs. money gambling) to evaluate the effects of emotion on age differences in the framing effect. When cognitive abilities and styles were controlled, there was a framing effect in the younger group in the life-saving task, a high-emotional arousal task, while older adults did not display this classic framing effect pattern. They showed risk aversion in both positive and negative framing. Age differences existed in the framing effect. Conversely, younger and older adults in the money-gambling task both displayed the framing effect; there was no age difference. When the cognitive abilities were not controlled, the pattern of results in the high-emotional arousal task remained unchanged, while greater framing effects were found, from the perspective of effect size, for older than younger adults in the low-emotional arousal task. Limited cognitive resources would not hamper older adults’ performances when their emotional arousal was high. However, older adults with low-level emotional arousal were more susceptible than younger adults to framing because of declining cognitive capacities. This implied the importance of emotion in older adults’ decision making and supported the selective engagement hypothesis.

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Gendle, Mathew H., Alyssa G. Flashburg, Kristi L. Higgins et Kristianne M. Oristian. « Low Total Cholesterol Levels and Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task ». Journal of North Carolina Academy of Science 131, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2015) : 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7572/2167-5872-131.2.19.

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Abstract Very low levels of systemic total cholesterol (TC) may have adverse neurological consequences, and there is a lack of research investigating how TC levels are related to specific aspects of behavior and cognition. This study examined the relationship between low TC levels and performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a standardized measure of decision making. Fasting plasma TC levels were measured in 61 healthy female university undergraduates, various demographic and health measures were obtained, and each participant completed the IGT. Individuals with TC < 140 mg/dL performed significantly more poorly on the IGT than those with TC ≥ 140 mg/dL (p = 0.01). On the IGT, participants with TC levels < 140 mg/dL persisted in preferentially responding to task stimuli with large and immediate monetary gains, despite the fact that these gains were yoked to increasing and unpredictable losses over time. This difference cannot be attributed to dissimilarities in BMI or general health between the groups. These findings indicate that TC levels < 140 mg/dL are associated with significant impairments in decision making and heightened behavioral impulsivity. Negative cognitive and behavioral outcomes with “real-world” relevance may be associated with very low TC levels.

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Erevik, Eilin K., Ståle Pallesen, Mette Mohn, Trond Aspeland, Øystein Vedaa et Torbjørn Torsheim. « The Norwegian remote intervention programme for problem gambling : Short- and long-term outcomes ». Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, n^o 4 (août 2020) : 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520947247.

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Background and aim: Although problem gambling typically involves substantial distress, few seek face-to-face treatment. In Norway, problem gamblers can participate in a governmental supported internet- and telephone-based intervention programme. The current study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of this programme in terms of gambling behaviour, gambling-related cognitions and mental health in a one group pre-test post-test design with a follow-up assessment. Methods: The sample consisted of the 67 participants who completed the intervention programme within a one-year timeframe. Gambling behaviour (SOGS-R), gambling-related cognitions (GBQ) and mental health (SCL-90-R) were measured pre-intervention, post-intervention and at a 6−12 months follow-up. A total of 25 (37.3%) participants completed the follow-up assessment. T-tests were conducted to investigate development in gambling behaviour, gambling-related cognitions and mental health from pre-intervention to post-intervention and follow-up. Results: The analyses showed a significant reduction in gambling behaviour, gambling problems, gambling-related cognitive distortions and mental health symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention and follow-up. The corresponding effect sizes for the reductions in gambling and gambling-related cognitive distortions were very large, while the effect sizes for the reductions in mental distress were moderate. Conclusion: The internet/telephone programme appears to have several positive outcomes including reduction in gambling behaviour, gambling problems, gambling-related cognitive distortions and symptoms of mental disorders both in the short and long term. Another positive outcome of participation appears to be a lowered threshold for seeking additional treatment. The current study entails, however, important limitations, and future studies should investigate the outcomes of the programme while including a control group.

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吳中勤, 吳中勤. « 社會風險決策實驗任務之編修與效度檢驗 ». 中華輔導與諮商學報 64, n^o 64 (mai 2022) : 099–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/172851862022050064004.

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近年來，學者認為，行為決策的偏差導因於情緒-認知歷程間的失衡，哥倫比亞卡片任務(CCT)因此被提出用以測量個人在風險決策中的情緒和認知歷程，但至今該任務測量的建構效度如何，仍不清楚，並且原任務設計除了在實施上較為複雜且耗時外，在決策歷程中也僅考量分數的得失變化，未考量社會因素(如:同儕與社會酬賞)對青少年風險決策歷程的影響。本研究主要目的在於，參考與修正(簡化)原CCT任務設計，並增加同儕決策的社會參照與同儕認同的社會酬賞情境設計於修正版的CCT風險決策任務中，衡鑑該社會風險決策任務的建構效度。本研究以269位八年級學生為對象，採多層次驗證性因素分析考量資料巢套結構對分析結果的影響。研究結果顯示:(1)簡化後的原CCT任務可有效激發情緒與認知歷程。(2)融入社會因素的CCT任務亦能有效激發社會參照與社會酬賞對決策的影響。 (3)本研究編修的社會風險決策任務具有良好的建構效度。根據研究結果，未來研究可運用該測量工具，理解青少年行為的風險決策對認知與行為表現的影響。  Risky decisions increase with age and reach peaks in adolescence and early adulthood before declining again during adulthood. Although risky decisions are commonly made by adolescents, it may have long-term negative impacts on life later. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), proposed about three decades ago, is the most common task used to investigate risky decision-making. It was developed based on the somatic marker hypothesis, which assumed that individuals’ behaviors are implicitly influenced by reward and punishment experiences, and these experiences would send emotional information to drive individuals’ decision-making behaviors toward beneficial long-term directions. However, only the emotional decision-making process was addressed in IGT, which may not sufficiently account for adolescents’ risky decision processes. Recently, cognitive neuroscience research suggested that risky decision-making involves two systems in the brain. Risky decision-making increases between childhood and adolescence as a result of changes around the time of puberty of the brain’s socio-emotional system that leads to increased reward-seeking, especially when peers are present. The socio-emotional system has been shown to rely on the ventral tegmentum area, subcortical structures (ventral striatum and amygdala) and cortical structures (the insular and medial/orbital frontal cortex). This system is operated automatically based on similarity and contiguity, and behavior is influenced by emotional impulse. Risky decision-making decreases between adolescence and adulthood because of changes in the brain’s cognitive-control system – changes which improve individuals’ ability for self-control, which occur gradually and over the course of adolescence and young adulthood. The cognitive-control system is assumed to rely on the dorsal and ventral area of the lateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. The differing timetables of these two brain systems make mid-adolescence a time of heightened vulnerability to make risky decisions. Consequently, researchers tended to argue that biased behavioral decision making was due to an imbalance between emotion and cognition processes. The Columbia Card Task (CCT) was proposed to measure individuals’ emotion and cognition processes in decision making. However, the construct validity of this measurement was unclear, and it was not only complex and time- consuming in the implementation of the original task design but also considered the changes of scores instead of including the effects of social factors (i.e., peers and social reward) on decision making processes. The main purpose of this study was referring and revising (simplifying) the original design of CCT and adding other tasks that incorporated social reference of peers’ decisions and social rewards of recognition into a revised CCT task to evaluate the construct validity of this social risky decision-making task. There were 269 eighth graders who consented to participate in this study, and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to take into account nesting structure. The results showed: (1) The original design of CCT with minor revisions (reducing decision options from three to two) was effective in eliciting emotion and cognition processes. (2) Simplified CCT tasks incorporating social factors were also effective in eliciting the effects of social reference and social reward. (3) The social risky decision-making task held good construct validity. Future studies are encouraged to utilize this measurement to understand the effects of adolescents’ risky decision-making on cognition and behavior. For guidance and counseling practices, it is encouraged to understand the extent of risky decision-making for adolescents through present tasks to identify adolescents who are vulnerable to make risky decisions as early as possible and to regularly show care and help through guidance and counseling. Moreover, clarifying which adolescents are more likely to make risky decisions because of the presence of peers or social rewards helps to understand the potential impacts of risky decisions under different decision conditions. This study is beneficial for guidance and counseling practitioners to provide more precise interventions.

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Ruiz de Lara, Cristian M., et Jose C. Perales. « Psychobiology of gambling-related cognitions in gambling disorder ». Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences 31 (février 2020) : 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.11.012.

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Taylor, Robyn N., James D. A. Parker, Kateryna V. Keefer, Patricia H. Kloosterman et Laura J. Summerfeldt. « Are Gambling Related Cognitions in Adolescence Multidimensional ? : Factor Structure of the Gambling Related Cognitions Scale ». Journal of Gambling Studies 30, n^o 2 (21 février 2013) : 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9368-7.

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Michalczuk, R., H. Bowden-Jones, A. Verdejo-Garcia et L. Clark. « Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in pathological gamblers attending the UK National Problem Gambling Clinic : a preliminary report ». Psychological Medicine 41, n^o 12 (29 juin 2011) : 2625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171100095x.

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BackgroundPathological gambling (PG) is a form of behavioural addiction that has been associated with elevated impulsivity and also cognitive distortions in the processing of chance, probability and skill. We sought to assess the relationship between the level of cognitive distortions and state and trait measures of impulsivity in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.MethodThirty pathological gamblers attending the National Problem Gambling Clinic, the first National Health Service clinic for gambling problems in the UK, were compared with 30 healthy controls in a case-control design. Cognitive distortions were assessed using the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS). Trait impulsivity was assessed using the UPPS-P, which includes scales of urgency, the tendency to be impulsive in positive or negative mood states. Delay discounting rates were taken as a state measure of impulsive choice.ResultsPathological gamblers had elevated impulsivity on several UPPS-P subscales but effect sizes were largest (Cohen's d>1.4) for positive and negative urgency. The pathological gamblers also displayed higher levels of gambling distortions, and elevated preference for immediate rewards, compared to controls. Within the pathological gamblers, there was a strong relationship between the preference for immediate rewards and the level of cognitive distortions (R2=0.41).ConclusionsImpulsive choice in the gamblers was correlated with the level of gambling distortions, and we hypothesize that an impulsive decision-making style may increase the acceptance of erroneous beliefs during gambling play.

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Moodie, Crawford. « Student gambling, erroneous cognitions, and awareness of treatment in Scotland ». Journal of Gambling Issues, n^o 21 (1 juin 2008) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2008.21.5.

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Rates of probable pathological gambling in colleges and universities across Scotland were investigated with a nationally distributed sample consisting of students (n = 1,483) and members of staff (n = 492). Gambling-related erroneous cognitions (Gambling Beliefs Questionnaire [GBQ]) and gambling severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS]) were measured, with additional questions enquiring about awareness of treatments available for gambling problems. Rates of past-year problem and probable pathological gambling for students were 4.0% and 3.9%, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis of the GBQ resulted in a 24-item five-factor model, with gambling severity (as indicated by SOGS scores), indices of increasing gambling involvement (gambling frequency and number of gambling activities), and male gender being positively correlated with higher levels of erroneous cognitions, suggesting erroneous cognitions may not be prominent for females with gambling problems. Less than a fifth of students were aware of where to go to receive help for gambling-related problems.

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Donati, Maria Anna, Carola Beccari, Francesco Sanson, Giuseppe Iraci Sareri et Caterina Primi. « Parental gambling frequency and adolescent gambling : A cross-sectional path model involving adolescents and parents ». PLOS ONE 18, n^o 2 (13 février 2023) : e0280996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280996.

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Introduction Nowadays, most of the research studies in the field of adolescent gambling are focused on individual factors related to problem gambling. The aim of this study was to test an integrated model to explain adolescent problem gambling involving both individual (i.e., correct gambling knowledge, superstitious thinking, and gambling-related cognitive distortions) and environmental factors (i.e., parental gambling frequency). In detail, the aim was to better understand the role of parental gambling behavior on adolescents’ gambling frequency and problem gambling severity, to draw indications for prevention. Methods Participants were 680 parents (36% men; Mage = 48.32, SD = 6.14 years) of 680 high school students (51% boys; Mage = 15.51, SD = .55 years) attending the second year of different high schools in Tuscany (Italy). Data collection occurred within the school prevention program PRIZE (Prevention of gambling risk among adolescents). Results A path model showed was conducted to detect direct and indirect effects from individual and environmental factors to gambling problem severity. Analyses showed that correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were directly related–respectively in a negative and a positive direction–both to gambling-related cognitive distortions and adolescents’ gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was directly associated with adolescents’ gambling frequency. Correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were indirectly related to adolescents’ gambling problem severity through the mediational role of gambling-related cognitive distortions and gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was indirectly linked to gambling problem severity by passing through adolescents’ gambling frequency. Conclusions The current cross-sectional results confirm that parental gambling behavior has an important role for adolescents’ gambling behavior and severity. Thus, results highlight the need for innovative prevention programs which involve adolescents’ adult reference figures and integrate the individual risk and protective factors with the environmental ones.

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Ledgerwood, David M., Fiona Dyshniku, Jeffrey E. McCarthy, Dragana Ostojic-Aitkens, Jennifer Forfitt et Shawn C. Rumble. « Gambling-Related Cognitive Distortions in Residential Treatment for Gambling Disorder ». Journal of Gambling Studies 36, n^o 2 (27 septembre 2019) : 669–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09895-4.

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Cunningham, John A., David C. Hodgins et Tony Toneatto. « Relating severity of gambling to cognitive distortions in a representative sample of problem gamblers ». Journal of Gambling Issues, n^o 29 (1 octobre 2014) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.2.

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The current study explored the relationship in a general population sample between problem gambling severity and cognitive distortions about gambling. A representative sample of problem gamblers (N = 766) was asked about cognitive distortions related to gambling. A positive association between gambling severity and cognitive distortions emerged, even when the variables associated with participants' demographic characteristics were accounted for. The current study demonstrates that the relationship between problem gambling severity and cognitive distortions does exist in the general population of problem gamblers. This finding emphasizes the key role that cognitive distortions may play in the development and maintenance of pathological gambling.

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Estévez, Ana, Paula Jauregui, Janire Momeñe, Laura Macia, Hibai López-González, Iciar Iruarrizaga, Conchi Riquelme-Ortiz et al. « Longitudinal Changes in Gambling, Buying and Materialism in Adolescents : A Population-Based Study ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 6 (10 mars 2021) : 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062811.

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Gambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive biases, compulsive buying, and materialistic values lead to impaired functioning in important areas of life. The aims of the present longitudinal study are (1) to evaluate the change produced after one year in those mentioned variables and (2) to examine the gender role in these changes and to analyze the mediational mechanisms among the variables of the study. The sample was composed of 182 adolescents (103 females and 79 males) from secondary education Spanish institutions who completed self-administered questionnaires. Structural equation modeling has been used to explore associations between the different variables. Our results show significant decreases in compulsive buying, materialism, and cognitive biases related to gambling after one year. Gambling disorder severity was directly related to cognitive distortions of gambling and being a man. Compulsive buying was associated with older age and the female gender. Materialism was associated with compulsive buying and the male gender. In conclusion, gambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive biases, compulsive buying, and materialistic values change over time in different ways, according to gender. The understanding of gambling disorder and compulsive buying in adolescents could potentially lead to early prevention and treatment programs for the specific needs of gender and age.

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Delfabbro, Paul, Neophytos Georgiou, Catia Malvaso et Daniel King. « Is Self-Reported Propensity for Everyday Illusions of Control Higher in Gamblers and Is It Associated With Gambling-Specific Erroneous Beliefs ? » SAGE Open 10, n^o 1 (janvier 2020) : 215824401989943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899436.

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People who engage in gambling are known to hold erroneous views about the nature of gambling. One of the most commonly observed cognitive biases is the illusion of control, where people’s subjective appraisal of contingency between behavior and events is greater than the objective contingency. Such beliefs have been found to be strongest in problem gamblers and can lead to over-confidence in the ability to win money from gambling. A question, however, is whether such perceptions are (a) specific to gambling and whether gamblers display a tendency to over-estimate contingencies in everyday life and (b) if a tendency to endorse everyday illusion of control beliefs is related to specific gambling-related beliefs among those who gamble. Answers to these questions might provide insights into whether some people are potentially more vulnerable to beliefs that might have implications for gambling. An online sample of 788 adults completed a survey about simple everyday situations where people might attempt to exert control (e.g., pressing elevator buttons more often, throwing dice in games). The survey included a scale that captured everyday situations as well as established measures of illusion of control and superstition in gambling. The results showed that those who report greater control in everyday tasks scored higher on standardized measures of beliefs about chance and gambling-related cognitions relating to illusory control. Scores on both types of measures were higher in gamblers than non-gamblers. The findings suggest that gamblers may differ in how they generally perceive and respond to situations involving tasks largely dominated by chance or limited opportunities for genuine control.

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Armstrong, Tess, Matthew Rockloff, Matthew Browne et Alexander Blaszczynski. « Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices : How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling ». Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, n^o 3 (12 octobre 2020) : 766–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00049.

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AbstractBackground and aimsHarmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.MethodsNinety-four regular gamblers who reported experiencing gambling-related harm were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 46) or control condition (n = 48), including 45 males, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age (M = 36.61; SD = 9.76). Following baseline measurement of gambling beliefs and prior week gambling consumption, participants in the experimental condition were required to complete an adaption of the Gamblers Fallacy Questionnaire designed to promote analytical thinking by educating participants on common judgement errors specific to gambling once a week for four weeks. Post-intervention measures of beliefs and gambling consumption were captured in week five.ResultsThe experimental condition reported significantly fewer erroneous cognitions, greater endorsement of protective cognitions, and reduced time spent gambling post-intervention compared to baseline. The control group also reported a reduction in cognitions relating to predicting and controlling gambling outcomes.ConclusionCognitive interventions that encourage gamblers to challenge gambling beliefs by reflecting on gambling involvement and promoting critical thinking may be an effective tool for reducing the time people invest in gambling activities.

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Agibalova, T. V., O. D. Tuchina, O. Zh Buzik, R. K. Potapova et V. V. Potapov. « Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Gambling Disorder ». Консультативная психология и психотерапия 28, n^o 4 (2020) : 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2020280409.

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The paper provides a narrative review of cognitive deficits in patients with gambling disorder. We discuss several types of these deficits, namely, cognitive impairments due to deficits in executive functioning, impulsive and risky decision-making, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and cognitive errors in cognitive-behavioral terms. These deficits are reviewed from the perspective of their relevance for psychotherapy and the development of differentiated psychotherapeutic interventions for gambling disorder treatment.

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Chamberlain, Samuel R., Sarah A. Redden, Eric Leppink et Jon E. Grant. « Problematic internet use in gamblers : impact on clinical and cognitive measures ». CNS Spectrums 22, n^o 6 (12 septembre 2017) : 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000037.

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ObjectiveGambling is a commonplace phenomenon, existing along a continuum from occasional gambling to functionally impairing gambling disorder. The internet may act as a conduit for some gambling behaviors. The impact of problematic internet use on clinical and cognitive features relevant to gambling has received little research attention.MethodsA total of 206 adults aged 18–30 years who gamble at least five times per year were recruited from the general community and undertook detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. Problematic internet use was defined using a total score of 5 or more on Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). Linear regression was employed to evaluate the relative contribution of addictive-related, impulsive-related, and compulsive-related measures in predicting YDQ total scores in gamblers.ResultsGamblers with problematic internet use (18% of the sample) reported lower quality of life, lower self-esteem, elevated rates of intermittent explosive disorder, gambling disorder symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, antisocial personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as relative deficits in decision making and spatial working memory. In linear regression, the extent of problematic internet use was most significantly associated with increased gambling disorder symptoms and increased ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsProblematic internet use in gamblers is associated with worse quality of life, more problem/pathological gambling symptoms, more psychiatric morbidities, and select cognitive impairment. Refinement of the definition of problematic internet use and exploration of its clinical and cognitive associations are likely to be highly relevant to the treatment of problematic gambling.

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Emond, Melissa S., et Harvey H. C. Marmurek. « Gambling Related Cognitions Mediate the Association Between Thinking Style and Problem Gambling Severity ». Journal of Gambling Studies 26, n^o 2 (27 novembre 2009) : 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-009-9164-6.

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Brooks, Gabriel A., et Luke Clark. « Associations between loot box use, problematic gaming and gambling, and gambling-related cognitions ». Addictive Behaviors 96 (septembre 2019) : 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.009.

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Vergura, Donata Tania. « Gamblers’ aces in the hole : the effect of erroneous cognitions on dysfunctional gambling ». Journal of Social Marketing 6, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2016) : 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2015-0061.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether gambler’s cognitive errors affect gambling involvement and addiction. As the popularity of gambling has grown, questions are being raised about its excessive use and factors related to addictive behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey on 508 gamblers was conducted. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the relationships among gambling beliefs, gambling involvement and problem gambling. Findings – Among the three sets of erroneous beliefs investigated, luck and superstition were significant predictors of both gambling involvement and the severity of gambling problems (according to the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI)), while the illusion of control showed a negative relationship with the PGSI. Moreover, gambling involvement positively affected the potential risk of disease and mediates the relationship between luck and superstition and PGSI. Research limitations/implications – Because not all cognitive dimensions apparently influence gambling behaviour, future research should extend the analysis to include other variables that may moderate or mediate the causal relationship. Practical implications – The results are useful to marketers in developing social marketing campaigns wishing to discourage gambling. Moreover, factors that influence gambling involvement and addiction may be used as diagnostic tools to correct gamblers behaviour. Originality/value – The paper proposes a deeper exploration of the relationships among beliefs, gambling involvement and dysfunctional gambling and an appropriate scale to capture the entire spectrum of gambler’s beliefs in relation to every form of gambling activity.

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Monaghan, Sally, Alex Blaszczynski et Lia Nower. « Do Warning Signs on Electronic Gaming Machines Influence Irrational Cognitions ? » Psychological Reports 105, n^o 1 (août 2009) : 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.173-187.

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Electronic gaming machines are popular among problem gamblers; in response, governments have introduced “responsible gaming” legislation incorporating the mandatory display of warning signs on or near electronic gaming machines. These signs are designed to correct irrational and erroneous beliefs through the provision of accurate information on probabilities of winning and the concept of randomness. There is minimal empirical data evaluating the effectiveness of such signs. In this study, 93 undergraduate students were randomly allocated to standard and informative messages displayed on an electronic gaming machine during play in a laboratory setting. Results revealed that a majority of participants incorrectly estimated gambling odds and reported irrational gambling-related cognitions prior to play. In addition, there were no significant between-group differences, and few participants recalled the content of messages or modified their gambling-related cognitions. Signs placed on electronic gaming machines may not modify irrational beliefs or alter gambling behaviour.

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Tavares, Hermano, Monica L. Zilberman et Nady el-Guebaly. « Are There Cognitive and Behavioural Approaches Specific to the Treatment of Pathological Gambling ? » Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 48, n^o 1 (février 2003) : 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800105.

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Objective: Treatment approaches for pathological gambling have been modelled after preexisting substance addiction models. This paper reviews cognitive-behavioural models in a search for original insights that are specific to gambling treatment. Method: A computerized search of major health care databases (Medline and PsycINFO) was performed. Results: New cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of pathological gambling provide 3 original additions to the traditional multimodal treatment of addictions: cognitive restructuring, in vivo exposure, and imaginal desensitization. Other cognitive-behavioural techniques, such as relapse prevention, problem solving, and social skill training, are shared by gambling treatment and addictions treatment. Conclusions: When treating pathological gamblers, clinicians must consider introducing techniques to address cognitive distortions related to gambling. Also, cue exposure—whether in vivo or imaginal—may help deal with urges prompted by such cues. The blending of these new techniques into a multimodal addiction treatment potentially balances the rational and external orientation of the cognitive-behavioural approach with interpersonal and introspective components of the traditional addiction treatment.

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Schluter, Magdalen G., Hyoun S. Kim, Julia C. Poole, David C. Hodgins, Daniel S. McGrath, Keith S. Dobson et Hermano Taveres. « Gambling-related cognitive distortions mediate the relationship between depression and disordered gambling severity ». Addictive Behaviors 90 (mars 2019) : 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.038.

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MacKay, T. L., D. Hodgins, N. Bard et M. Bowling. « FC18-02 - Cognitive distortions among online gamblers ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73615-x.

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Addictive disorders are being increasingly influenced by technology and one of the most recent developments is for gamblers to access games via the Internet. Prevalence data show that up to 10% of the population gamble online and studies have consistently indicated that Internet gamblers are particularly susceptible to developing gambling problems. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore differences between Internet and non-Internet gamblers to help determine why online gamblers are more likely to have gambling problems. Three hundred and seventy four participants (143 online gamblers, 172 males) from a large Canadian university completed an online questionnaire to investigate demographic, medium-related, comorbid psychological and cognitive factors with strong empirical support for contributing to problem gambling severity. Variables that significantly differentiated Internet and non-Internet gamblers in a univariate analyses were entered into a logistic regression to predict online gambling. A test of the full model was statistically significant, correctly classifying 77% of gamblers (64% of Internet gamblers and 85% of non-Internet gamblers). Cognitive distortions made an independent contribution to predicting Internet gamblers from those that had never wagered online. A hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive distortions added significantly to problem gambling severity among online gamblers after controlling for other contributing variables. The findings have implications for clinicians working with Internet gamblers to specifically address thoughts related to luck, perseverance and illusion of control. As gambling technologies change and evolve, research needs to inform practice by identifying possible causal factors contributing to problem severity.

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Browne, Matthew, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Rockloff, Alex M. T. Russell, Nancy Greer, Fiona Nicoll et Garry Smith. « A Multivariate Evaluation of 25 Proximal and Distal Risk-Factors for Gambling-Related Harm ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, n^o 4 (13 avril 2019) : 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8040509.

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Individual differences in the risk of developing gambling-related harm play an important role in theoretical models and practical interventions. The present study attempted comprehensive measurement and evaluation of 25 known risk factors for gambling-related harm in order to determine which factors provided large and unique explanatory power. We surveyed 1650 regular gamblers from an online panel, screening in 1174 (466 male) who passed all checks of attention and response consistency. We evaluated each risk factor based on bivariate correlations with harms, then made separate multivariate evaluations of proximal (e.g., gambling motivations) and distal (e.g., religiosity) risk factors. Almost all bivariate correlations were significant, but most distal factors were not significant in multivariate models. Trait impulsivity was the most important risk factor by a large margin. Excessive consumption, less use of safe gambling practices, and more fallacies were key proximal risks of harm. Many well-known correlates of gambling harm (e.g., youth, lower educational attainment) do not show a direct role in the development of gambling harm when controlling for other factors. The results support theoretical models that emphasise early conditioning and biological vulnerability (manifested through impulsivity). Since maladaptive cognitive and behavioural schemas appear to be more important than motivations (e.g., escape, excitement, ego), interventions may benefit by targeting these proximal drivers of harm.

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Chrétien, Maxime, Isabelle Giroux, Annie Goulet, Christian Jacques et Stéphane Bouchard. « Cognitive restructuring of gambling-related thoughts : A systematic review ». Addictive Behaviors 75 (décembre 2017) : 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.001.

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Stewart, Melissa J., Parnell L. Davis MacNevin, David C. Hodgins, Sean P. Barrett, Jennifer Swansburg et Sherry H. Stewart. « Motivation-Matched Approach to the Treatment of Problem Gambling : A Case Series Pilot Study ». Journal of Gambling Issues, n^o 33 (1 août 2016) : 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.8.

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The aim of the present case series was to provide a preliminary assessment of the utility of a motivation-matched treatment for problem gamblers. On the basis of their primary underlying motivations for gambling, 6 problem gamblers received either action-motivated (n = 4) or escape-motivated (n = 2) treatment. Drawing upon a cognitive-behavioural framework, this 6-session motivation-matched treatment was designed to address gamblers' maladaptive motivations for gambling (i.e., the need or desire for "escape" or "action"), as well as the effects of conditioning and maladaptive thinking patterns unique to each gambling motive subtype. Assessments were conducted at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Primary outcome measures included gambling behaviour (i.e., gambling frequency, time, and money spent gambling), severity of gambling problems, and gambling-related impairment or disability; secondary outcome measures included gambling-related craving, gambling abstinence self-efficacy, positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations, and gambling outcome expectancies. Overall, participants showed pre- to post-treatment improvements on the majority of these measures, with relatively less immediate post-treatment treatment gains observed on measures that assessed positively and negatively reinforcing gambling situations and gambling-related impairment or disability. However, treatment gains at the 3- and 6-month follow-up were shown for most participants on these latter measures as well. Findings suggest promise for this novel treatment approach. The next step in this line of research is to conduct a randomized, controlled trial to compare the efficacy of this motivation-matched treatment for disordered gambling with treatment as usual.

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Menchon, José M., Gemma Mestre-Bach, Trevor Steward, Fernando Fernández-Aranda et Susana Jiménez-Murcia. « An overview of gambling disorder : from treatment approaches to risk factors ». F1000Research 7 (9 avril 2018) : 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12784.1.

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Gambling disorder (GD) has been reclassified recently into the “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a landmark occurrence for a behavioral addiction. GD is characterized by recurrent, maladaptive gambling behavior that results in clinically significant distress. Although the number of randomized controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments is limited, some pharmacological treatments, notably opiate antagonists, have been employed in the treatment of GD. Patients with GD often present cognitive distortions and specific personality traits, making treatment more difficult. Cognitive behavioral therapy has become the most common psychological intervention for treating gambling problems, and it is effective in reducing gambling behavior. In this brief overview, we provide a report on the state of pharmacological and psychological treatments for gambling disorder. Risk factors and potential future lines of research are addressed.

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Vintró-Alcaraz, Cristina, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Roser Granero, Elena Caravaca, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Isabel Baenas et al. « Exploring the Association between Gambling-Related Offenses, Substance Use, Psychiatric Comorbidities, and Treatment Outcome ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, n^o 16 (10 août 2022) : 4669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164669.

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Several studies have explored the association between gambling disorder (GD) and gambling-related crimes. However, it is still unclear how the commission of these offenses influences treatment outcomes. In this longitudinal study we sought: (1) to explore sociodemographic and clinical differences (e.g., psychiatric comorbidities) between individuals with GD who had committed gambling-related illegal acts (differentiating into those who had had legal consequences (n = 31) and those who had not (n = 55)), and patients with GD who had not committed crimes (n = 85); and (2) to compare the treatment outcome of these three groups, considering dropouts and relapses. Several sociodemographic and clinical variables were assessed, including the presence of substance use, and comorbid mental disorders. Patients received 16 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Patients who reported an absence of gambling-related illegal behavior were older, and showed the lowest GD severity, the most functional psychopathological state, the lowest impulsivity levels, and a more adaptive personality profile. Patients who had committed offenses with legal consequences presented the highest risk of dropout and relapses, higher number of psychological symptoms, higher likelihood of any other mental disorders, and greater prevalence of tobacco and illegal drugs use. Our findings uphold that patients who have committed gambling-related offenses show a more complex clinical profile that may interfere with their adherence to treatment.

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Granero, Roser, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Susana Valero-Solís, Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, Gemma Mestre-Bach, Isabel Baenas, S. Fabrizio Contaldo et al. « The influence of chronological age on cognitive biases and impulsivity levels in male patients with gambling disorder ». Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00028.

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AbstractBackground and aimsDue to the contribution of age to the etiology of gambling disorder (GD), there is a need to assess the moderator effect of the aging process with other features that are highly related with the clinical profile. The objective of this study is to examine the role of the chronological age into the relationships between cognitive biases, impulsivity levels and gambling preference with the GD profile during adulthood.MethodsSample included n = 209 patients aged 18–77 years-old recruited from a Pathological Gambling Outpatients Unit. Orthogonal contrasts explored polynomial patterns in data, and path analysis implemented through structural equation modeling assessed the underlying mechanisms between the study variables.ResultsCompared to middle-age patients, younger and older age groups reported more impairing irrational beliefs (P = 0.005 for interpretative control and P = 0.043 for interpretative bias). A linear trend showed that as people get older sensation seeking (P = 0.006) and inability to stop gambling (P = 0.018) increase. Path analysis showed a direct effect between the cognitive bias and measures of gambling severity (standardized effects [SE] between 0.12 and 0.17) and a direct effect between impulsivity levels and cumulated debts due to gambling (SE = 0.22).ConclusionScreening tools and intervention plans should consider the aging process. Specific programs should be developed for younger and older age groups, since these are highly vulnerable to the consequences of gambling activities and impairment levels of impulsivity and cognitive biases.

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Farrelly, Simone, Christine Ffrench, Rowan P. Ogeil et James G. Phillips. « Coping Strategies and Problem Gambling ». Behaviour Change 24, n^o 1 (1 mars 2007) : 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.1.14.

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AbstractIn DSM-IV, problem gambling is associated with symptoms such as escape, denial, and chasing. However, these symptoms could actually be underlying coping strategies that contribute to the problems associated with gambling behaviour. To address relationships between coping strategies and gambling problems, 65 participants (37 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 37 completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and questionnaires addressing coping strategies, mood states, and dissociative experiences. Specific subscales addressing coping strategies relevant to DSM-IV symptoms were examined, namely Distancing, Escape-Avoidance and Confrontative Coping. Although fantasy and denial feature in the behaviours of problem gamblers, dissociative tendencies were only indirectly linked to problem gambling status. Instead, problem gambling status was related to depression and greater tendencies towards Confrontative Coping and Distancing. The present data demonstrates several distinct factors associated with gambling problems and suggests confrontation could have a role in problem gambling.

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Abe, Satoshi, Keiichi Onoda, Masahiro Takamura, Eri Nitta, Atsushi Nagai et Shuhei Yamaguchi. « Altered Feedback-Related Negativity in Mild Cognitive Impairment ». Brain Sciences 13, n^o 2 (25 janvier 2023) : 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020203.

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Introduction: Feedback-related negativity (FRN) is electrical brain activity related to the function of monitoring behavior and its outcome. FRN is generated by negative feedback input, such as punishment or monetary loss, and its potential is distributed maximally over the frontal-central part of the skull. Our previous study demonstrated that FRN latency was delayed and that the amplitude was increased in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a prodromal stage of AD, we speculated that FRN would also be altered in MCI, as in AD. The aim of this study is to examine whether MCI patients showed changes in FRN during a gambling task. Methods: Thirteen MCI patients and thirteen age-matched healthy elderly individuals participated in a simple gambling task and underwent neuro-psychological assessments. The participants were asked to choose one out of two options and randomly received positive or negative feedback to their response. An EEG was recorded during the task, and FRN was obtained by subtracting the positive feedback-related activity from the negative feedback-related activity. Results: The reaction time to probe stimuli was comparable in the two groups. The group comparisons revealed that the FRN amplitude was significantly larger for the MCI group than for the healthy elderly (F(1,24) = 6.4, p2 = 0.22, p = 0.019), but there was no group difference in the FRN latency. The FRN amplitude at the frontocentral electrode positively correlated with the mini-mental state examination score (Spearman’s rhopartial = 0.41, p = 0.043). The finding of increased FRN amplitude in MCI was consistent with the previous finding in AD. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that monitoring dysfunction might also be involved in the prodromal stage of dementia.

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Shirk, Steven D., Megan M. Kelly, Shane W. Kraus, Marc N. Potenza, Kendra Pugh, Christopher Waltrous, Edward Federman, Christopher Krebs et Charles E. Drebing. « Gambling-related cognitive distortions predict level of function among US veterans seeking treatment for gambling disorders ». American Journal on Addictions 27, n^o 2 (19 février 2018) : 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12685.

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Ruiz de Lara, Cristian M., Juan F. Navas, Carles Soriano-Mas, Guillaume Sescousse et José C. Perales. « Regional grey matter volume correlates of gambling disorder, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and emotion-driven impulsivity ». International Gambling Studies 18, n^o 2 (29 mars 2018) : 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2018.1448427.

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Farhat, Luis C., Zu Wei Zhai, Rani A. Hoff, Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin et Marc N. Potenza. « An Exploratory Study of Shopping to Relieve Tension or Anxiety in Adolescents : Health Correlates and Gambling-Related Perceptions and Behaviors ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 10 (19 mai 2022) : 6169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106169.

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The desire to escape from pressures/anxiety represents an important motivation for problematic engagement with short-term rewarding behaviors that could contribute to the development of recognized and candidate behavioral addictions, including problematic shopping, a prevalent condition among youth in the U.S.A. characterized by excessive shopping cognitions/behaviors that lead to distress/impairment. However, to date, the specific correlates of shopping to relieve anxiety or tension have yet to be evaluated. We aimed at addressing this gap by analyzing data (N = 2556) from a high-school survey from Connecticut in an exploratory fashion. Adolescents who acknowledged experiencing a growing tension or anxiety that could only be relieved by shopping were classified as having negative-reinforcement shopping and compared to the remaining students. Data were analyzed in chi-square and logistic regression models to examine negative-reinforcement shopping in relation to socio-demographics, health correlates, gambling-related perceptions/attitudes, and problem-gambling severity/gambling behaviors. Negative-reinforcement shopping was more frequent in female and Hispanic students, was linked to more permissive gambling attitudes and at-risk/problematic gambling, and was associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs, dysphoria/depression, and weapon-carrying and physical fighting. Taken together, these findings highlight adverse measures of health and functioning linked to negative-reinforcement shopping that may be particularly relevant to girls and Hispanic youth. Additional efforts to prevent negative outcomes are warranted.

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Tang, Catherine So-kum, et Anise M. S. Wu. « Gambling-Related Cognitive Biases and Pathological Gambling Among Youths, Young Adults, and Mature Adults in Chinese Societies ». Journal of Gambling Studies 28, n^o 1 (10 mai 2011) : 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-011-9249-x.

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Taylor, Robyn N., James D. A. Parker, Kateryna V. Keefer, Patricia H. Kloosterman et Laura J. Summerfeldt. « Gambling Related Cognitive Distortions in Adolescence : Relationships with Gambling Problems in Typically Developing and Special Needs Students ». Journal of Gambling Studies 31, n^o 4 (15 juillet 2014) : 1417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-014-9480-3.

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Ruiz de Lara, Cristian M., Juan F. Navas et José C. Perales. « The paradoxical relationship between emotion regulation and gambling-related cognitive biases ». PLOS ONE 14, n^o 8 (5 août 2019) : e0220668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220668.

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Mattson, Richard E., James MacKillop, Bryan A. Castelda, Emily J. Anderson et Peter J. Donovick. « The Factor Structure of Gambling-Related Cognitions in an Undergraduate University Sample ». Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 30, n^o 3 (15 septembre 2007) : 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-007-9063-z.

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Sancho, Marta, Céline Bonnaire, Silvia Costa, Gemma Casalé-Salayet, Javier Vera-Igual, Rita Cristina Rodríguez, Santiago Duran-Sindreu et Joan Trujols. « Impulsivity, Emotion Regulation, Cognitive Distortions and Attentional Bias in a Spanish Sample of Gambling Disorder Patients : Comparison between Online and Land-Based Gambling ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 9 (3 mai 2021) : 4869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094869.

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Several risk factors have been related to the onset and maintenance of gambling disorder (GD). The aim of this study was to explore the differences in emotion dysregulation, impulsivity, cognitive distortions, and attentional bias between online and land-based gamblers. The sample consisted of 88 treatment-seeking patients from the Behavioral Addictions Unit at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona (Spain). Patients were divided into two groups by considering their main type of gambling, i.e., online (n = 26) and land-based gambling (n = 62). Online gamblers were younger, more often employed, with a higher educational level than land-based gamblers. Regarding the rest of the variables, statistically significant differences were only found in Positive Urgency, one of the UPPS-P subscales, in which the land-based gambling group scored higher than the online gambling group. In this exploratory study, individuals with online and land-based GD phenotypes did not differ either in difficulties in emotion regulation or in attentional and cognitive biases. However, land-based GD patients showed a higher tendency to succumb to strong impulses under the influence of positive emotions. These preliminary findings warrant the need to continue investigating GD phenotypes in larger patient samples.

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Hand, Iver. « Pathological Gambling : A Negative State Model and Its Implications for Behavioral Treatments ». CNS Spectrums 3, n^o 6 (juin 1998) : 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900006027.

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AbstractThis article describes a new approach to the understanding and treatment of pathological gambling (PG). In order to foster an understanding of the pathological variations of gambling, gambling as a “normal,” widespread behavior that spans cultures and centuries is briefly reviewed, as is the current socioeconomic impact of gambling on society. PG is interpreted as an excessive exaggeration of a normal behavior (a behavioral excess disorder, or BED), similar to exaggerations of cleaning, grooming, loving, working, or shopping.Particular developmental deficits in certain individuals and their resulting vulnerabilities make these persons prone to “getting lost” in excessive gambling activities. PG fulfills three important functions that serve to maintain these behaviors. Most frequently, it serves the intraindividual function of distraction from a cognitive, emotional, or physiologic negative state (NEST). A second, much less frequent intraindividual function is that of fast socioeconomic self-destruction in persons who develop presuicidal depression before they start gambling. In the worst disease course of this subtype, patients enter a dramatic “last game”; when they lose, “fate has decided” that they should kill themselves immediately thereafter. A third function fulfilled by PG is interactional, ie, in the “I can't be with or without you” type of relationship.These gambling-related vulnerabilities are discussed against the background of recent studies from: (1) cognitive psychological and animal experiments regarding the prediction of future events; (2) functional brain imaging studies in obsessive-compulsive disorder; and (3) gambling experiments (prediction of future events) in patients with specific lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex. This article outlines the basics of strategic-systemic behavior therapy for these conditions, and summarizes results of the first outcome and follow-up studies.

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Del Prete, Francesco, Trevor Steward, Juan F. Navas, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Tian P. S. Oei et José C. Perales. « The role of affect-driven impulsivity in gambling cognitions : A convenience-sample study with a Spanish version of the Gambling-Related Cognitions Scale ». Journal of Behavioral Addictions 6, n^o 1 (mars 2017) : 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.001.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Gambling related cognition »

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