Thèses sur le sujet « Futur simple »
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Rudberg, Tom. « Le futur en français : Une étude sur l'emploi du futur simple et futur périphrastique à l'oral ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157999.
Texte intégralLorenz, Bettina. « Die Konkurrenz zwischen dem futur simple und dem futur périphrastique im gesprochenen Französisch der Gegenwart / ». Münster : Kleinheinrich, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355155539.
Texte intégralQuemere, Françoise. « Marques et marges du futur en français. Expression verbale et valeurs / Défectivité et substitutions ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL008.
Texte intégralThis thesis attempts to draw a notion of future meaning and counts some verbal forms from which future provides its own. Future necessarily shows to consider a still not occurred time. Variants used to express future temporal reference are fewer compared to past tenses. Future tense, originally periphrastic (habeo+infinitif) moves into a synthetic form, and, concurrently turns out to another future, periphrastic too, along diachronic dynamics by the way of recurring cycles. The point at issue of the -R morpheme shared by conditional tense, participates in recurring debates about its distinguishability into tense or into modal mood. The first part of the thesis takes into account linguistic tools for analyzing verbal tense, then turns on a semantic analysis checking tenses and gathering various usages which works in speech.In a second part, we focus on (to a certain extent) a defective conjugation that future fulfills by verbal answers, even not plainly assigned to future expression, chief meaning subsisting. These substitutions are not really, in the full sense, defined as being that; indeed, variety of expression of future is due to difficulty for visualizing future. “SI utterances” are not all to be considered as infringements, consequently they will conclude this thesis. Without aim of exhaustiveness, here are the grounds of future and their depiction that we attempt to assess
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle. « Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain : A la croisée du passé simple et de l'imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts "+/-potentiel" et "+/-défini" ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141.
Texte intégralCe constat éclaire de façon nouvelle la relation qui se construit entre les différents « temps » du mode indicatif. En effet, la prise en compte d'une opposition supplémentaire conduit à réinterroger la prédominance de la temporalité dans les analyses des « temps » de l'indicatif au profit d'une déconstruction de la combinaison des valeurs. Cette analyse permet alors de rendre compte de la diversité des effets de sens tout en évitant l'atomisation des explications temporelles, modales, aspectuelles au gré des occurrences.
La première partie de la thèse s'articule autour de la relation entre cette analyse morphologique et les différentes analyses formelles du futur et du conditionnel qui ont pu être menées auparavant.
Dans un second temps, se nourrissant de la confrontation avec les analyses conceptuelles existantes de l'infinitif, du passé simple, de l'imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, elle explore le versant sémantique de l'hypothèse de l'existence d'un morphème ±R qui se combine avec un autre morphème a/ai. Hypothèse qui oblige, d'une part, à caractériser la valeur sémantique du morphème dénoté par ±R et c'est le concept ±potentiel qui lui sera associé, d'autre part, à redéfinir l'opposition imparfait/passé simple puisque c'est cette même opposition qui se retrouve dans le couple futur/conditionnel. C'est le trait ± défini qui sera proposé.
La prise en compte de la combinaison de ces deux traits sémantiques permet de déjouer la complexité d'énoncés dont la richesse n'a d'égal que la variété.
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle. « Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain : à la croisée du passé simple et de l’imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts «± potentiel » et « ± défini » ». Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141/fr/.
Texte intégralA formal analysis of the verbal endings in the indicative mode draws special attention to the combination of two morphemes, [Ø/(±R)] and [Ø/(ai/a)]. Thus, the conditional and future tenses differ from the other indicative tenses in that they share the +R morpheme – and it can be postulated that it is also shared by the infinitive. Furthermore, they differ from one another in the opposition between ai and a, which also differentiates the imperfect tense from the past historic when it is combined with the morpheme –R. This statement sheds light on the relationship between the various indicative “tenses”. Indeed, taking into account a further opposition allows the predominance of temporality in analyses of “tenses” in the indicative to be questioned while focusing on the deconstruction of the value combinations. Thus, the analysis allows the diversity of meanings to be accounted for and at the same time avoids a too large panel of temporal, modal or aspectual explanations according to the context. The first part of the doctoral thesis turns on the relationship between the morphological analysis and the various formal studies that have been undertaken on the future and the conditional tenses. In a second part, in a confrontation with the already existing conceptual studies on the infinitive, the past historic, the imperfect tense, the future and the conditional, we will explore the semantic side of the hypothesis that states that there is a combination of a ±R morpheme with an ai/a morpheme. Such a hypothesis compels us to characterize the semantic value of the ±R morpheme on the one hand – the ± potential concept will be associated with it – and on the other hand, to redefine the opposition between the imperfect tense and the past historic, since it is this very opposition that can be found in the future/conditional pair – the ± definite concept will then be suggested. Taking into account the combination of the two semantic features enables us to undermine complexity in utterances whose richness is only equalled by their diversity
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle Le Bot Marie-Claude. « Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain à la croisée du passé simple et de l'imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts "± potentiel" et "± défini" / ». Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141/fr.
Texte intégralLakshmanan-Minet, Nicolas. « La danse des temps dans l'épopée, d'Homère au Roland ». Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR089/document.
Texte intégralThe Homeric and Virgilian epics, as well as the Chanson de Roland are full of tenseswitching, the use of which might seem capricious to the modern reader. It is in fact much better understood when bodies’ presence is taken into account — these bodies being the bard’s one as well as the audience’s. Postures, gestures, moves, eyes, breath, music are joint partners to tenseswitching, so that tenses really dance in epics. This study is firstly about how each one of the main narrative tenses dances in Homer and the Roland, and also in the Æneid. Then it studies the way tenses dance in each of the small pieces we find in the classical epics as well as in the Roland : the laisses
Rua, Robson Borges. « A conceptualização das formas de expressão de futuro : as especificidades no uso do futuro simples, do futuro perifrástico e do presente do indicativo ». Niterói, 2017. https://appdesenv.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3676.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Nesta dissertação, são estudadas as formas mais frequentes de expressão de futuro no Português do Brasil, observadas neste e em estudos anteriores: o futuro simples, o futuro perifrástico e o presente do indicativo. Com o objetivo de investigar as especificidades relacionadas ao uso das formas referidas neste estudo, foram analisados dados extraídos de corpus constituído de manchetes e lides de jornais on-line das diferentes regiões brasileiras, no período de maio de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Ao todo, foram selecionadas 167 notícias, totalizando 343 registros das formas de expressão de futuro em tela. Adotou-se o arcabouço teórico da Linguística Cognitiva, mais precisamente as abordagens sobre Conceptualização e Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (LANGACKER, 1991, 2008), a fim de se buscar desvelar como um determinado evento relacionado ao futuro é construído pelo conceptualizador. Na análise dos dados, observando-se a influência de fatores, tais como “atividade programada”, “presença de especificador circunstancial” e “certeza epistêmica”, constatou-se que, de uma forma geral, o futuro simples é a forma que apresenta maior frequência em manchetes e lides de jornais on-line para se referir a um evento futuro. No entanto, verificou-se também que, em se tratando de uma atividade programada, o presente do indicativo é a forma de expressão do futuro mais produtiva. Observou-se ainda a importância do parâmetro “certeza epistêmica”, em função do qual foi possível propor uma escala relativa ao emprego, nos jornais on-line, das três formas de expressão do futuro estudadas, tomando como base o grau de certeza epistêmica do conceptualizador (de [+] para [-]): presente do indicativo > futuro simples > futuro perifrástico
In this dissertation, the most frequent forms of expression of the future in Brazilian Portuguese (PB) observed in this and previous studies are studied: the present tense, the simple future and the periphrastic future. With the objective of investigating specificities related to the use of the forms considered in this study, data extracted from the corpus composed of headlines and online newspaper headlines from different Brazilian regions were analyzed from May 2015 to January 2016. In all, 167 news items were selected, totaling 343 records of future forms of expression on screen. The theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics was adopted, more precisely the approaches on the Conceptualization Process and the notion of Idealized Cognitive Models (Langaker, 1991, 2008), in order to seek to unveil how a particular event related to the future is constructed by the Conceptualizer. In the analysis of the data, observing the influence of factors such as "programmed activity", "presence of circumstantial specifier" and "epistemic certainty", it was verified that, in a general way, the simple future is the form that presents greater frequency in headlines and online newspaper headlines to refer to a future event. However, it has also been found that in the case of a programmed activity, the present tense is the form of future expression more productive. It was also observed the importance of the parameter "epistemic certainty", according to which it was possible to propose a scale related to the use, in the online newspaper, of the three forms of expression of the future studied, based on the degree of epistemic certainty of the conceptualizer (from [+] to [-]): present tense> simple future> periphrastic future
Ripke, Marika Nicole. « Middle-school children's perceptions and motivation regarding work and their future simple or complex ? optimistic or realistic ? / ». Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035966.
Texte intégralSchleyer, Michael [Verfasser], et Bertram [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerber. « Integrating past, present and future : mechanisms of a simple decision in larval Drosophila / Michael Schleyer. Betreuer : Bertram Gerber ». Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043439900/34.
Texte intégralEkstedt, Elias, Inna Fryckstedt, Hanna Hyllander, Josefin Jonsson, Elin Ring et Felix Wærn. « The future of viral vectors for gene therapy ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444138.
Texte intégralRyschawy, Julie. « Eclairer les conditions de maintien d'exploitations de polyculture-élevage durables en zone défavorisée simple européenne. Une étude de cas dans les Coteaux de Gascogne ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0112/document.
Texte intégralMixed crop-livestock farms are again attracting worldwide interest, as they are considered to be a good way to limit environmental problems while allowing a productive and economically viable agriculture. The incentives of the Common Agricultural Policy and decreasing workforce availability nevertheless marginalized these farms in Europe. This thesis aims at understanding the conditions for a survival of sustainable mixed crop-livestock farms. A partnership process with farmers, mayors and technical advisers has been led in a French less favoured area, the Coteaux de Gascogne. Our work has shown that even if a wide variability existed between farms, local mixed crop-livestock farming was a good trade-off compared to farm specialization concerning an environmental and economic sustainability. An analysis of farm past trajectories allowed us to enlighten four “paths to last” in mixed crop-livestock farming. Two of these ones appeared to be suitable paths to maintain mixed crop-livestock farms in a uncertain context: “maximizing autonomy” and “diversification of production units”. On the basis of these two types of trajectories, we have co-constructed with local actors two technical prospective scenarios. In line with the type “maximizing autonomy”, forage legume intercropping could enable to autonomously feed the bovine herd while maintaining soil fertility. In line with the type “diversification of production units”, fattening heifers would allow a commercialization through short circuit. These scenarios have been adapted and then simulated on local farms. This type of approach allowed to i) strongly involve local actors through collective meetings and ii) an original future study based on a retrospective study integrating long time changes
Myers, Jaime L. « Individual and Partner Characteristics Associated with Genital Herpes Disclosure and the Relationship between Disclosure Outcomes, Rejection, and Future Intentions to Disclose ». Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5281.
Texte intégralMeiling, Till Thomas [Verfasser], Ilko [Akademischer Betreuer] Bald et Hans-Gerd [Akademischer Betreuer] Löhmannsröben. « Development of a reliable and environmentally friendly synthesis for fluorescence carbon nanodots : preparation and characterisation of excellent and well-defined carbon nanodots by a fast, simple and cost-efficient synthesis method ; with special focus on future exploration and large scale applications / Till Thomas Meiling ; Ilko Bald, Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröben ». Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1219578592/34.
Texte intégralSchleyer, Michael. « Integrating past, present and future : mechanisms of a simple decision in larval Drosophila ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-78923.
Texte intégralIst Verhalten Aktion oder Reaktion? In dieser Arbeit widme ich mich dieser Frage anhand eines recht einfachen Organismus, der Larve der Taufliege Drosophila melanogaster. Trotz ihres nur aus wenigen Tausend Nervenzellen bestehenden Gehirns und begrenzten Verhaltensrepertoires ist sie dennoch zu überraschend komplexem Verhalten fähig. Nach der Assoziation eines Duftes mit einem belohnenden oder bestrafenden Geschmacksstoff ist der gelernte Duft in der Lage, die gebildete Gedächtnisspur abzurufen. Diese aktivierte Gedächtnisspur wird jedoch nicht automatisch in Verhalten übersetzt: Appetitive Gedächtnisspuren führen nur in Abwesenheit des belohnenden Geschmacks zu erlerntem Verhalten, während aversive Gedächtnisspuren nur in Anwesenheit des bestrafenden Geschmacks in erlerntem Verhalten münden. Die „Entscheidung“, eine Gedächtnisspur in Verhalten zu übersetzen oder nicht, beruht auf einem quantitativen Vergleich zwischen der Gedächtnisspur und der aktuellen Situation: Nur wenn die Gedächtnisspur (nach einem Duft-Zucker-Training) eine größere Zuckerbelohnung vorhersagt als gegewärtig vorhanden, zeigen die Tiere appetitives erlerntes Verhalten. Solches Verhalten kann man am besten als aktive Suche nach Nahrung interpretieren, die in Gegenwart von (ausreichend) Nahrung sinnlos ist. Aversives erlerntes Verhalten andererseits kann als Flucht vor einer Bestrafung verstanden werden – und in Abwesenheit einer Bestrafung gibt es nichts, wovor man fliehen könnte. Appetitive und aversive Gedächtnisspuren können unabhängig voneinander gebildet und abgerufen werden, können unter den richtigen Umständen aber auch gemeinsam erlerntes Verhalten organisieren. Im Gegensatz zu erlerntem Verhalten wird angeborenes olfaktorisches Verhalten nicht durch das Geschmackssystem beinflusst – und umgekehrt. Angeborenes Verhalten erscheint also relativ starr und reflexhaft und läuft größtenteils unbeeinflusst von anderen Umwelteinflüssen ab. Schließlich entwerfe ich ein auf Verhalten basierendes Schaltkreismodell des chemosensorischen Systems der Larve und der „Entscheidung“, eine Gedächtnisspur in Verhalten umzusetzen oder nicht. Dieses Modell stellt bekannte Komponenten des Systems dar und macht klare Vorhersagen über die Architektur, die bisher noch unbekannte Komponenten haben sollten. Das zweite Kapitel der Arbeit behandelt die Wahrnehmung und Verarbeitung von (hauptsächlich bitteren) Geschmacksstoffen. Chinin, der bittere Geschmack in Getränken wie Bitter Lemon, wirkt abstoßend auf Larven, unterdrückt ihr Fressverhalten und kann in Lernexperimenten als Bestrafung wirken. Allerdings unterscheiden sich alle drei untersuchten Verhalten in der Dynamik ihrer Dosis-Wirkungskurven, was unterschiedliche molekulare und zelluläre Wirkungsweisen nahe legt. Angeborenes Wahlverhalten, das als reflexhaft und starr gilt, kann dennoch durch den gustatorischen Kontext beeinflusst werden. Das bedeutet, die Anwesenheit eines Bitterstoffes ist in der Lage, die angeborene Präferenz von Larven für süße Geschmackstoffen zu unterdrücken. Dieser inhibitorische Effekt hängt sowohl von der Konzentration der süßen als auch der bitteren Substanz ab. Was noch wichtiger ist: Die verschiedenen Zucker sind unterschiedlich anfällig für die Störung durch Bitterstoffe, was auf einen Stimulus-spezifischen Mechanismus hindeutet. Die genauen molekularen und zellulären Prozesse, die diesem inhibitorischen Effekt von Bitterstofen zugrunde liegen, sind noch nicht bekannt, die hier präsentierten Ergebnisse bieten aber einen geeigneten Rahmen für weitergehende Untersuchungen der Interaktionen zwischen verschiedenen Teilen des Geschmacksapparates
Yang, Chen-Chung, et 楊振忠. « Can Simple Technical Method Beat the Market ?An Evidence of Real Time Future Data ». Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5axavm.
Texte intégral國立虎尾科技大學
經營管理研究所在職專班
100
By the development of computer technology and empirical research, people employed different kinds of methodology and model to prove their ability of beat the market. However, the most directly question is, does more complicate methodology means better performance? Does the simple technical method can achieve a good investment performance? This study use Stochastic KD Line to construct trading strategies as a single technical method to test this hypothesis in Taiwan Future Market. By observe the real-time trading data, this study shows that, with good invest discipline, the KD index can beat the market significantly and can have an abnormal return as well.
Lin, Ching-Pin, et 林敬斌. « Using Reinforcement Learning to Improve a Simple Intra-day Trading System of Taiwan Stock Index Future ». Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34369847383488676186.
Texte intégral國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
97
This thesis applied Q-learning algorithm of reinforcement learning to improve a simple intra-day trading system of Taiwan stock index future. We simulate the performance of the original strategy by back-testing it with historical data. Furthermore, we use historical information as training data for reinforcement learning and examine the improved achievement. The training data are the tick data of every trading day from 2003 to 2007 and the testing period is from January 2008 to May 2009. The original strategy is a trend-following channel breakout system. We take the result of reinforcement learning to determine whether to do trend following or countertrend trading every time the system plans to make position.
Ripke, Marika N. 1972. « Middle-school children's perceptions and motivation regarding work and their future : simple or complex ? optimistic or realistic ? » 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/10814.
Texte intégral« Estimation of the number of HIV infected persons and future AIDS cases residing in Louisiana from the use of back-calculation methods : Validation of a simple approach ». Tulane University, 1994.
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