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Marklund, Petter. « Cross-functional brain imaging of attention, memory and executive functions : unity and diversity of neurocognitive component processes / ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Psychology, Umeå University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-805.
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Westberg, Johannes. « UniRx and Unity 5 : Working with C# and object-oriented reactive programming ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för speldesign, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323737.
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Gameplay programming is vital for video game development and benefits from good tools and techniques. However, techniques are still used in the industry that involves describing how the computer operates. Reactive programming is a way to describe eventful and stateful computer programs declaratively, focusing on what the program should accomplish. This thesis uses the reactive library UniRx with the game engine Unity 5 to create an FPS with reactive techniques, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these. Object-oriented reactive programming is used to combine reactive objects with Unity’s component-based framework without using wrappers for non-reactive objects. The results include static methods for observable user input, patterns when defining game components with reactive content, and communication between game objects through interface components. It can be concluded that reactive programming for game programming enables the programmer to describe and understand game logic in a declarative manner. However, combining UniRx and Unity 5 led to complex patterns. Suggestion for future work is using reactive programming with game engines that allows to design game objects that are fully reactive.Gameplay-programmering är avgörande för utveckling av videospel och har nytta av bra verktyg och tekniker. Dock används tekniker i spelbranschen som kräver att programmeraren beskriver hur datorn utför uppgifter. Reaktiv programmering är ett sätt att beskriva händelserika och föränderliga datorprogram med fokus på vad programmet ska utföra. Denna avhandling använder det reaktiva biblioteket UniRx med spelmotorn Unity 5 för att skapa en FPS med reaktiva tekniker, samt diskuterar fördelarna och nackdelarna med dessa. Objektorienterad reaktiv programmering används för att kombinera reaktiva objekt med Unity’s komponentbaserade ramverk utan att använda wrappers för icke-reaktiva objekt. Resultaten inkluderar statiska metoder för observerbar användarinput, programmeringsmönster för definition av spelkomponenter med reaktivt innehåll och kommunikation mellan spelobjekt via gränssnittskomponenter. Man kan dra slutsatsen att reaktiv programmering för spelprogrammering gör det möjligt för programmeraren att beskriva och förstå spellogik på ett deklarativt sätt. Kombinationen av UniRx och Unity 5 ledde emellertid till komplexa mönster. Förslag till framtida arbete är att använda reaktiv programmering med spelmotorer som gör det möjligt att designa spelobjekt som är helt reaktiva.
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Lee, Eunsook. « Translation into Korean of Chapter 9, Appendix I, and II of The Functional Unity of the Singing Voice by Barbara M. Doscher ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299000439.
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Chauca, Espinoza Karen Lorena. « Study of the dynamics of cortical myosin in the early embryo of the nematode C. elegans ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS411.pdf.
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La myosine II non musculaire est un acteur clé dans la morphogenèse cellulaire et tissulaire. La dynamique corticale de la myosine sous forme de minifilaments in vivo reste cependant mal comprise. Ici, nous utilisons la microscopie SIM-TIRF dans un embryon en développement pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes et la structure de l’assemblage des minifilaments bipolaires. En combinant la microscopie SIM-TIRF et TIRF à molécule unique, nous avons d'abord caractérisé la structure des minifilaments, en particulier leur taille et leur stœchiométrie, à plusieurs stades du début de l'embryon. À l'aide de films SIM-TIRF à haute résolution temporelle, nous avons ensuite caractérisé une gamme diversifiée de comportements des minifilaments de myosine, des événements de division de minifilaments, des alignements de plusieurs minifilaments sur de longues distances (que nous avons appelés fibres de protostress), des événements de déliaison partielle et, de manière surprenante, des événements de déliaison et rereliure séquentielles au cortex. En utilisant des mutants du domaine moteur de la myosine, nous avons testé comment ces comportements reposaient sur l'activité motrice de la myosine. Nos données suggèrent que l'unité fonctionnelle de l'assemblage de la myosine peut être composée d'un ou de plusieurs minifilaments bipolaires de myosine, mais également que les minifilaments ne se désassemblent pas complètement lors de leur déliaison et de leur diffusion dans le cytoplasme. Pour tester la stabilité globale des assemblages bipolaires, nous avons ainsi utilisé des expériences de photoconversion et montré que les minifilaments de myosine sont bien recyclés sur de longues distances et temps de diffusion dans le cytoplasme sous forme d'unités minifilamentaires, qui ne se dissolvent pas lors de leur déliaison. Nos travaux mettent ainsi en lumière la manière dont les minifilaments de myosine interagissent avec le cortex, mais offrent une nouvelle perspective sur la manière dont ils s'assemblent, se désassemblent et sont recyclés au cours de la morphogenèse cellulaireNon-muscle myosin II is a key player in cell and tissue morphogenesis. The cortical dynamics Myosin as minifilaments in vivo however remain poorly understood. Here, we use SIM-TIRF microscopy in a developing embryo to gain further insights into the mechanisms and structure of bipolar minifilaments assembly. Combining SIM-TIRF and TIRF single-molecule microscopy, we first characterized the structure of minifilaments, specifically size and stoichiometry, at multiple stages in the early embryo. Using high temporal-resolution SIM- TIRF movies, we then characterized a diverse range of behaviors of myosin minifilaments, minifilament split events, alignments of multiple minifilaments over long distances (which we called protostress fibers), partial unbinding events and, surprisingly, events of sequential unbinding and rebinding to the cortex. Using mutants of the myosin motor domain, we tested how these behaviors relied on the myosin motor activity. Our data suggest that the functional unit of myosin assembly may be composed of one or multiple myosin bipolar minifilaments, but also that minifilaments do not fully disassemble upon unbinding and diffusing in the cytoplasm. To test the overall stability of bipolar assemblies, we thus used photoconversion experiments and show that the myosin minifilaments are indeed recycled over long distances and diffusion times in the cytoplasm as minifilamentous units, that do not dissolve upon unbinding. Our work thus sheds light on how myosin minifilaments interact with the cortex, but offers a new perspective on how they assemble, disassemble and are recycled during cell morphogenesis
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Mendonça, Tânia Regina. « Análise multimodal das aberturas de unidades da coleção High Up : na perspectiva da gramática do design visual ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8303.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This research aims to analyze the verbal and non-verbal texts that make up the openings of the units of the High Up English didactic collection. Approved by the National Textbook Plan - PNLD 2015, recommended for high school, organized by the authors Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca and Raquel Faria. For this, the Systemic-Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994) ; (HALLIDAY and MATTHIESSEN, 2004) is in coherence with the multimodal texts from the perspective of theVisual Design Grammar (KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Based on these authors, it is hoped to find out if the study of the English language in a public school in the city of Pires do Rio - Goiás offers a variety of interpretations through the engravings and gives the students, according to the theme of the unit, reflect and discuss the images and phrases presented on said pages of unit openings. In addition to the multimodal analysis, the verbal that follow the unit openings were analyzed from the METHOD of Interpersonal Metaphor and analysis of the occurrences of the processes by the Ideational Metaphor, through the computer program called WordSmith Tools 7. It is a qualitative and quantitative research (DORNYEI, 2007) that relates theory, context and research questions. For the analysis of the corpus that composes this study, the data were selected, in consonance with the theoretical contribution of Visual Design Linguistic and Systemic- Functional Linguistic.
Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os textos, verbais e não-verbais, que compõem as aberturas das unidades da coleção didática de inglês High Up, aprovado pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD 2015, recomendado para o Ensino Médio, organizado pelas autoras Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca e Raquel Faria. Para tanto é utilizada a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994); (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004) esta em coadunação com textos multimodais na perspectiva da Gramática de Design Visual (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Com base nesses autores, espera-se averiguar se o estudo da língua inglesa em uma escola pública da cidade de Pires do Rio - Goiás disponibiliza uma variedade de interpretações, por meio das gravuras e oportuniza aos alunos, de acordo com o tema da unidade, refletir e discutir sobre as imagens e frases apresentadas das referidas páginas de aberturas das unidades. Além das análises multimodais, os textos verbais que seguem as aberturas de unidades foram analisadas a partir do sistema de MODO da Metafunção Interpessoal e análise das ocorrências dos processos pela Metafunção Ideacional, por meio do programa computacional WordSmith Tool 7. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali- quantitativa (DORNYEI, 2007) que relaciona teoria, contexto e perguntas de pesquisa. Para a análise do corpus que compõe este estudo, os dados foram selecionados, em consonância com o aporte teórico da Linguística de Design Visual e da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional.
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Van, der Merwe Izak Petrus. « Organisational climate : variance across functional units ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18481.
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The main objective of this research was to determine whether functional units (departments) in an industrial organization differed significantly with respect to their experience of the organizational climate. Two approaches to organizational theory were drawn from, namely, the systems and contingency approaches. Both emphasize the importance of the task environment and the need for the organization to adapt to its task environment. Systems theorists, Katz and Kahn (1978), have identified a number of organizational components or subsystems which enable the organization to function efficiently. Each component has a fairly specialized function; each develops a distinctive nucleus of operating procedures and values. Contingency theorists, Lawrence and Lorsch (1967, 1969), stated that different parts of the organization face different environments. Organizations therefore tend to become internally segmented into functional units. Organizational climate was highlighted as the general notion specifying the organizational identity or self-awareness of the organization; however, it may vary within the organization from work group to work group. The total number of 54 white employees in four units: marketing, personnel/public affairs, finance and production, at all levels - general employees, supervisory/foremen, middle management, senior management - completed a measure of their perceptions of the organizational climate of their individual units. The Organizational Climate Index for Profit Organizations developed by De Cock, Bouwen, de Witte and de Visch (1984), was used. The scale requires a forced choice on a scale with a scoring pattern of 4,3,2,1. Total scores on each of the 6 climate scales, grouped into 20 subscales, were obtained for each functional unit. One-way analysis of variance (the Kruskal-Wallis Test) was used for assessing the significance of differences between the four units on the different climate subscales. The results of the study supported the hypothesis that had been formulated. It was concluded that significant differences exist between the functional units marketing, personnel/public affairs, finance and production of the industrial organization concerned, with respect to the climate dimensions. It was concluded that, in order to achieve maximum integration between functional units and their members in an organization, business will need to concern itself with the differences in expression of human behaviour and motivation in units.
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Lin, Ta-Cheng. « Digital System Synthesis with Complex Functional Units ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26021.
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The transistor count for todays VLSI technology reaches 40 million transistors on one chip. In order to successfully design a system with such complexity, new computer-aided design (CAD) tools are needed. This dissertation shows approaches for coping with the problem of increasing complexity of VLSI design in three aspects: 1) capturing a higher level of abstraction, 2) using a new target architecture, and 3) using a new optimization technique.
The advantage of working at a higher level of abstraction is that the number of objects that designers have to manipulate is reduced so that more complex systems can be delivered in shorter periods of time. The functions that can be used to capture higher levels of abstraction are surveyed and categorized into an is-a hierarchy. A partitioned-bus architecture that consists of complex functional units used to realize complex functions is proposed. The issues of synthesizing the complex functions to the partitioned-bus architecture are addressed. These issues are focused on the functional partitioning problem which is a known NP-complete problem. Algorithms used to optimize several metrics that affect the solution qualities of functional partitioning are presented. The metrics include communication buffer size, register file size, system delay, the number of buses, the number of links, and the number of multiplexers. These metrics are used to form a cost function, which is utilized by the Problem Space Genetic Partitioning algorithm (PSGP) to search for a good solution. Test cases with known optimal solutions are used to evaluate the solution qualities that PSGP can attain under run time and memory space constraints. The experimental results show that PSGP can reach an average about 87% of the optima for two-way partitioning. Another study also shows that PSGP outperforms the widely used Simulated Annealing algorithm.Ph. D.
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Nordstrom, Michael Andrew. « Functional characteristics of motor units in human masseter / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn832.pdf.
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Boettcher, Matthias. « Memory and functional unit design for vector microprocessors ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/365071/.
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Modern mobile devices employ SIMD datapaths to exploit small scale data-level parallelism to achieve the performance required to process a continuously growing number of computation intensive applications within a severely energy constrained environment. The introduction of advanced SIMD features expands the applicability of vector ISA extensions from media and signal processing algorithms to general purpose code. Considering the high memory bandwidth demands and the complexity of execution units associated with those features, this dissertation focuses on two main areas of investigation, the efficient handling of parallel memory accesses and the optimization of vector functional units. A key observation, obtained from simulation based analysis on the type and frequency of memory access patterns exhibited by general purpose workloads, is the tendency of consecutive memory references to access the same page. Exploiting this and further observations, Page-Based Memory Access Grouping enables a level one data cache interface to utilize single-ported TLBs and cache banks to achieve performance similar to multi-ported components, while consuming significantly less energy. Page-Based Way Determination extends the proposed scheme with TLB-coupled structures holding way information on recently accessed lines. These structures improve the energy efficiency of the vast majority of memory references by enabling them to bypass tag-arrays and directly target individual cache ways. A vector benchmarking environment - comprised of a flexible ISA extension, a parameterizable simulation framework and a corresponding benchmark suite - is developed and utilized in the second part of this thesis to facilitate investigations into the design aspects and potential performance benefits of advanced SIMD features. Based on it, a set of microarchitecture optimizations is introduced, including techniques to compute hardware interpretable masks for segmented operations, partition scans to allow specific energy - performance trade-offs, re-use existing multiplexers to process predicated and segmented vectors, accelerate scans on incomplete vectors, efficiently handle micro-ops fully comprised of predicated elements, and reference multiple physical registers within individual operands to improve the utilization of the vector register file.
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Bao, Minxi. « Structural and functional integrity of energy-efficiency glazing units ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5289/.
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Windows are the least insulated components in the modern buildings envelopes. The energy-efficiency glazing units have been developed and used to reduce the heat loss from windows. As a type of most common glass product, insulating glass units (IGUs) have been widely adopted in the residential and commercial buildings. A type of new design of glazing units, vacuum glazing units (VGUs), has also been developed to further enhance the insulation performance. Research on the structural/durability behaviours of such new insulating glazing units is relatively limited, although the structural behaviours and safety of monolithic or laminated glass panels have been abundantly studied. This thesis intends to fill in this gap by performing thorough assessments on the structural performance of IGUs and VGUs under various environmental actions.
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Kunkel, Marius [Verfasser]. « Hybrid Surfactants with Fullerene as Functional Unit / Marius Kunkel ». Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230323392/34.
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Gordon, Iain. « Representation theory of quantised function algebras at roots of unity ». Thesis, Connect to electronic version, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1905/177.
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Kobayashi, Kazuya. « Synthesis and Application of Functional Units for Biologically Active Peptides ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157892.
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Stearns, Virginia. « A study of Leviticus 18-20 its unity, form and function / ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Hannah, Robert Todd. « A functional intranet for the United States Coast Guard Unit ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA351906.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998."September 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Suresh Sridhar, Carl Jones. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151). Also available online.
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Johnson, Kerr Francis. « Spectroscopic studies of covalently-linked functional units in pi-conjugated systems ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648474.
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Dey, C. « Polyoxometalate as building units to design functional metal organic hybrid materials ». Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1954.
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Fagoonee, Lina. « A multi-functional turbo receiver based on partial unit memory codes ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418684.
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Cornett, Kayla Margaret Dawn. « Quantification of motor unit activity and steadiness in a functional task ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45478.
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The ability to control functional movement is essential for daily life. Extensive literature exists on lower motor unit (MU) recruitment thresholds and greater discharge rates in anisometric compared with isometric contractions. This difference is in-part related to task specificity. To-date the spinal control of functional movement has not been evaluated relative to the performance of functional movement. The purpose of this thesis was to quantify and evaluate MU activity and steadiness in a functional task compared to anisometric and isometric contractions.
Thirteen female subjects (22.5 ± 2.9 years) were recruited. Surface and intramuscular electromyography (EMG) were recorded from the elbow flexor muscles. Subjects performed 4 experimental contractions; 1. a waterbottle drinking task where subjects lifted a waterbottle, took a sip of water and lowered the bottle (functional task); 2. a waterbottle lifting task performed identical to the previous but without drinking; 3. an anisometric contraction matched for load, range of motion, and acceleration; 4. a load matched isometric contraction. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess EMG, MU recruitment and discharge rates and steadiness between the contractions.
Surface EMG was not different between the three movement tasks but lower during the isometric contraction. The waterbottle drinking task had the highest discharge rate, as well as discharge rate variability and was the least steady. There were no differences in recruitment between the 4 contraction types. This was the first study to evaluate MU activity in functional tasks. It is clear that functional tasks require unique activation strategies which occur primarily through alterations in MU discharge rate. Thus, spinal control is not only task specific, but also related to goal-directed outcomes of the movement.
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Inagi, Shinsuke. « Synthesis of functional polymers composed of electron-donating thio-cyclic unit ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136248.
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Zhang, Lei. « A study of functional units for information use of scholarly journal articles ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34015.
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This research aims to enhance reading effectiveness and efficiency by presenting the readers with the text in the article that is most relevant to a particular information task, rather than presenting the article in its entirety. It applies the idea of the functional unit, the smallest information unit with a distinct function within four major components of scholarly journal articles — Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion.
First, through a review and analysis of the literature and validation through user surveys, 41 functional units within the four components were identified. Also identified were the relationships between the individual functional units and five information use tasks, and furthermore the relationships among a set of functional units for a particular task. The functional units were classified into three categories (primary, related, additional related) according to how useful they were for each task. Based on this taxonomy, a prototype journal reading system was designed and implemented. Thirty 3rd and 4th year psychology students participated in an experimental study using the prototype system. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data collected from retrospective interviews, questionnaire open-ended questions, and screen recordings. A statistical analysis of quantitative data collected via rating scales, logging of time and highlights was also carried out. The answers to comprehension questions were assessed first by content analysis and then by statistical analysis.
Participants using the prototype system were significantly more satisfied with the information obtained, highlighted more relevant text, and answered more fully the comprehension questions. The use of functional units was effective in enabling people to focus on specific information and use pieces of relevant information across the article, but not necessarily to move from more relevant to less relevant information. Participants using the prototype system also felt significantly more efficient in obtaining the information. The use of functional units was efficient in enabling people to read less or read selectively. The signaling of functional units seemed to be more effective and efficient for the tasks requiring use of information scattered across articles.
This research suggests that information within an article can be organized and presented to benefit readers’ information use.
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Gaponik, Nikolai. « Assemblies of thiol-capped nanocrystals as functional units for use in nanotechnology ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-107607.
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This work summarizes results of about 10 years of the author’s own activities in the field of aqueous synthesis and handling of thiol-capped semiconductor nanocrystals. As this field has also been explored by hundreds of other scientists, I have endeavoured to do my utmost to provide a short but comprehensive overview presenting my own results as part of the knowledge framework jointly created by multiple colleagues and collaborators from all over the world. This habilitation thesis consists of an introduction, which provides references to the corresponding literature sources and also links to the corresponding annexes, i.e. original published articles, which are attached to this cumulative script.
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Parekh, Ishita. « Factors influencing functional outcome of stroke patients admitted to a tertiary hospital ». University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5292.
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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Individuals with stroke often face functional limitations. There are several factors that are associated with functional outcome post stroke. Treatment in a stroke unit with a multidisciplinary approach reduces the likelihood of dependency after stroke. The aim of the present study is to identify factors influencing functional outcome of stroke patients admitted to a South African tertiary hospital. A descriptive, observational, longitudinal quantitative study design was used to obtain the data. Convenience non-probability sampling method was used. The research instruments used to collect the data were National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Barthel Index and a socio-demographic and medical profile data form. All the instruments were used at admission and discharge while at two months only Barthel Index was used for data collection. The data analysis was done using SPSS v 18 and SAS v 9. Mean, standard deviation, range and percentages were used for descriptive purposes and Tobit analysis was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables. The descriptive results showed that the mean age was 59.83 years with number of females slightly more than males and hypertension being the most common risk factor. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed four factors that influence functional outcome at either discharge or at two months: age, severity of stroke, functional level at admission. Age and severity of stroke influenced the functional outcome at both the stages. The necessary ethical clearance was obtained in prior to commencement of the study. The outcomes of the study could contribute to enhance rehabilitation of stroke patients at an inpatient settings and awareness among population.
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Ellis, Martin Andrew. « Correct synthesis and integration of compiler-generated function units ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/828.
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Computer architectures can use custom logic in addition to general pur- pose processors to improve performance for a variety of applications. The use of custom logic allows greater parallelism for some algorithms. While conventional CPUs typically operate on words, ne-grained custom logic can improve e ciency for many bit level operations. The commodi ca- tion of eld programmable devices, particularly FPGAs, has improved the viability of using custom logic in an architecture. This thesis introduces an approach to reasoning about the correctness of compilers that generate custom logic that can be synthesized to provide hardware acceleration for a given application. Compiler intermediate representations (IRs) and transformations that are relevant to genera- tion of custom logic are presented. Architectures may vary in the way that custom logic is incorporated, and suitable abstractions are used in order that the results apply to compilation for a variety of the design parameters that are introduced by the use of custom logic.
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Ratković, Ivan. « On the design of power- and energy-efficient functional units for vector processors ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404615.
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Vector processors are a very promising solution for mobile devices and servers due to their inherently energy-efficient way of exploiting datalevel parallelism. While vector processors succeeded in the high performance market in the past, they need a re-tailoring for the mobile market that they are entering now. Functional units are a key components of computation intensive designs like vector architectures, and have significant impact on overall performance and power. Therefore, there is a need for novel, vector-specific, design space exploration and low power techniques of vector functional units.
We present a design space exploration of vector adder (VA) and multiplier unit (VMU). We examine advantages and side effects of using multiple vector lanes and show how it performs across a broad frequency spectrum to achieve an energy-efficient speed-up. As the final results of our exploration, we derive Pareto optimal design points and present guidelines on the selection of the most appropriate VMU and VA for different types of vector processors according to different sets of metrics of interest.
To reduce the power of vector floating-point fused multiply-add units (VFU), we comprehensively identify, propose, and evaluate the most suitable clock-gating techniques for it. These techniques ensure power savings without jeopardizing the performance. We focus on unexplored opportunities for clock-gating application to vector processors, especially in active operating mode. Using vector masking and vector multilane-aware clock-gating, we report power reductions of up to 52%, assuming active VFU operating at the peak performance. Among other findings, we observe that vector instruction-based clock-gating techniques achieve power savings for all vector floating-point instructions. Finally, when evaluating all techniques together, the power reductions are up to 80%.
We propose a methodology that enables performing this research in a fully parameterizable and automated fashion using two kinds of benchmarks, synthetic and "real world" application based. For this interrelated circuit-architecture research, we present novel frameworks with both architectural- and circuit-level tools, simulators and generators (including ones that we developed). Our frameworks include both design(e.g. adder's family type) and vector architecture-related parameters (e.g. vector length).
Additionally, to find the optimal estimation flow, we perform a comparative analysis, using a design space exploration as a case study, of the currently most used estimation flows: Physical layout Aware Synthesis (PAS) and Place and Route (PnR). We study and compare post-PAS and post-PnR estimations of the metrics of interest and the impact of various design parameters and input switching activity factor (aI).
26
Boyd, Thomas James 1971. « Light-emitting devices with polynorbornenes containing blue electroluminescent and charge-transport functional units ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84753.
Texte intégral
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Opp, David. « Cross-functional partnering and empowerment in StorageTek business unit action research project / ». [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/DOpp2006.pdf.
Texte intégral
28
McQuiston, Daniel H. « The relative participation of functional roles in the industrial decision making unit ». Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262712667.
Texte intégral
29
Willshire, Catherine. « Tear dynamics : tear osmolarity and reflex features of the lacrimal functional unit ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/704072/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The focus of this thesis is tear dynamics and the regulation of tear secretion by the Lacrimal Functional Unit (LFU), a collection of functions that control tear secretion and maintain a healthy ocular surface. Tear secretion was assessed with the Schirmer test and tear osmolarity (tOsm), in standardised environmental conditions achieved using a controlled environment chamber (CEC). The experiments involved normal and dry eye disease (DED) subjects, including Sjögren Syndrome DED. A novel approach to sheathing the Schirmer strip was tested for the first time in a regulated range of relative humidities achieved in the CEC. This was designed to highlight an artefact of measurement, and free the test from its dependence on ambient conditions. A period of evaporative suppression, achieved innovatively by eye closure, was shown to drive tOsm down, in normal and DED subjects, to a basal level that fell within the range of plasma osmolarity. This basal tear osmolarity value could be used as a non-invasive measure of systemic dehydration, particularly of use in a care home setting and as a reference against which to gauge the severity of DED in an individual. Using the sheathed Schirmer strip the existence of _cross-connections' in humans was investigated for the first time using unilateral anaesthesia in an attempt to answer the question of whether afferent corneal inputs from one eye may have some influence on the lacrimal output of the fellow eye. Previously only studies involving animals had reported positive findings in this area. The relative contributions of each eye to the reflex tear response are relevant in unilateral trigeminal sensory loss cases since sensory input from the healthy eye could reinforce tear secretion of the affected fellow eye. Lastly, an experiment was designed to strengthen our understanding of the mechanism of the LFU in providing a compensatory response in desiccating conditions. This approach differed from previous studies as it included both normal and DED subjects and involved creating a sensory blockade using topical anaesthesia to increase the stress level experienced by the LFU.
30
Willshire, Catherine. « Tear dynamics : Tear osmolarity and reflex features of the lacrimal functional unit ». Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2017. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/704072/1/Willshire_2017.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The focus of this thesis is tear dynamics and the regulation of tear secretion by the Lacrimal Functional Unit (LFU), a collection of functions that control tear secretion and maintain a healthy ocular surface.
Tear secretion was assessed with the Schirmer test and tear osmolarity (tOsm), in standardised environmental conditions achieved using a controlled environment chamber (CEC). The experiments involved normal and dry eye disease (DED) subjects, including Sjögren Syndrome DED.
A novel approach to sheathing the Schirmer strip was tested for the first time in a regulated range of relative humidities achieved in the CEC. This was designed to highlight an artefact of measurement, and free the test from its dependence on ambient conditions.
A period of evaporative suppression, achieved innovatively by eye closure, was shown to drive tOsm down, in normal and DED subjects, to a basal level that fell within the range of plasma osmolarity. This basal tear osmolarity value could be used as a non-invasive measure of systemic dehydration, particularly of use in a care home setting and as a reference against which to gauge the severity of DED in an individual.
Using the sheathed Schirmer strip the existence of ‗cross-connections‘ in humans was investigated for the first time using unilateral anaesthesia in an attempt to answer the question of whether afferent corneal inputs from one eye may have some influence on the lacrimal output of the fellow eye. Previously only studies involving animals had reported positive findings in this area. The relative contributions of each eye to the reflex tear response are relevant in unilateral trigeminal sensory loss cases since sensory input from the healthy eye could reinforce tear secretion of the affected fellow eye.
Lastly, an experiment was designed to strengthen our understanding of the mechanism of the LFU in providing a compensatory response in desiccating conditions. This approach differed from previous studies as it included both normal and DED subjects and involved creating a sensory blockade using topical anaesthesia to increase the stress level experienced by the LFU.
31
Stellman, F. Rosella. « Envisioning the future roles and functions of Pennsylvania's intermediate units ». Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu996519387.
Texte intégral
32
Roy, Soumyaroop. « A compiler-based leakage reduction technique by power-gating functional units in embedded microprocessors ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001832.
Texte intégral
33
Cellot, Giada. « Towards new generation of neuro-implantable devices : engineering neuron/carbon nanotubes integrated functional units ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3663.
Texte intégralRésumé :
2008/2009Le nanotecnologie sono un campo delle scienze che utilizza materiali e dispositivi ingegnerizzati aventi la più piccola organizzazione funzionale a livello di dimensioni nanometriche. Questo implica che nanodispositivi e nanomateriali possano interagire con i sistemi biologici a livello molecolare con un elevato grado di specificità. É largamente accettato che l’applicazione delle nanotecnologie nell’ambito delle neuroscienze abbia un forte potenziale (Silva, 2006). In questo contesto, i nanotubi di carbonio (CNT), un’innovativa forma di carbonio composta da strutture tubulari di grafite dalle dimensioni nanometriche dotate di buone proprietà di conduzione elettrica, si sono dimostrati promettenti candidati per sviluppare la tecnologia di dispositivi impiantabili in ambito biomedico. Diversi studi hanno dimostrato la biocompatibilità dei substrati di CNT per i neuroni in termini di adesione, crescita e differenziamento cellulare (riassunti in Sucapane et al., 2009). Al fine di aumentare la nostra conoscenza riguardo alle interazioni presenti in sistemi ibridi formati da CNT e neuroni, abbiamo caratterizzato l’attività di reti neuronali cresciuti su supporti di CNT attraverso la tecnica del patch clamp. Il nostro gruppo ha riportato che circuti neuronali cresciuti in vitro su substrati di CNT presentano un’aumentata attività sinaptica spontanea rispetto al controllo a fronte di comparabili proprietà base (proprietà passive di membrana, morfologia e densità dei neuroni) delle colture nelle due condizioni di crescita (Lovat et al., 2005). Si è quindi ipotizzato che tale aumentata attività spontanea potesse originare da una modificazione nel modo in cui i singoli neuroni generano il segnale elettrico. A tal fine, si sono monitorate variazioni nelle proprietà elettrogeniche di singoli neuroni, utilizzando un protocollo standard per caratterizzare l’integrazione di potenziali d’azione retropropaganti nei dendriti (Larkum et al., 1999). In configurazione current clamp, attraverso brevi iniezioni di corrente nel soma della cellula, abbiamo indotto una serie di regolari potenziali d’azione (PA) a varie frequenze nel neurone sotto registrazione, quindi abbiamo studiato la presenza di un’addizionale depolarizzazione somatica dopo l’ultimo PA del treno. Abbiamo osservato che neuroni di controllo mostrano nella maggioranza dei casi una iperpolarizzazione (AHP) del potenziale di membrana dopo l’ultimo PA del treno, mentre una depolarizzazione (ADP) è presente solo in una piccola quota di casi. In presenza di CNT, invece, l’ADP risulta essere l’evento predominante. L’ADP è inoltre abolita dall’applicazione di CoCl2, un bloccante non specifico dei canali calcio voltaggio dipendenti. Per di più, l’area dell’ADP può essere diminuita dall’applicazione di nifedipina (10 μM) e l’ulteriore coapplicazione di NiCl2 (50 μM) elimina totalmente l’ADP, suggerendo che sia i canali calcio voltaggio dipendenti ad alta soglia di attivazione, sia quelli a bassa soglia, siano coinvolti in questo processo (Cellot et al., 2009). Attraverso la microscopia elettronica a trasmissione (TEM) e, più recentemente, mediante quella a scansione (SEM) è stata messa in evidenza la presenza di discontinui punti di stretto contatto tra CNT e membrane neuronali: la nostra ipotesi è che tali strutture ibride siano in grado di favorire la retropropagazione dei PA nei dendriti distali. La maggiore eccitabilità a livello del singolo neurone, inoltre, potrebbe essere responsabile dell’incremento di attività spontanea della rete neuronale. Abbiamo quindi ulteriormente caratterizzato l’attività della rete neuronale attraverso registrazioni da coppie di neuroni, dove il neurone presinaptico veniva stimolato ad avere treni di potenziali d’azione a 20 Hz in configurazione current clamp e simultaneamente il neurone postsinaptico era monitorato in configurazione voltage clamp per vedere la presenza o l’assenza di una risposta sinaptica. I nostri esperimenti indicano che la probabilità di trovare connessioni monosinaptiche gabaergiche tra neuroni è aumentata in presenza di CNT (56% vs 40% in controllo). Inoltre, è stato rilevato un ulteriore effetto dei CNT sulla plasticità a breve termine delle sinapsi: nelle condizioni di controllo, treni di potenziali d’azione nella cellula presinaptica evocano nella cellula postsinaptica nel 90% dei casi una chiara depressione nell’ampiezza di consecutivi ePSCs, mentre solo in meno del 10% è possibile rilevare una facilitazione. Al contrario, in presenza di CNT, nel 39% delle coppie, il neurone postsinaptico risponde in modo chiaramente facilitativo. Nelle più recenti serie di esperimenti, abbiamo voluto indagare più approfonditamente l’origine di questa modificazione in termini di plasticità sinaptica; a tal fine, abbiamo trattato neuroni in controllo e su CNT con tetrodotossina 1 µM per 5 giorni, al fine di bloccare completamente l’attività elettrica della rete neuronale, e abbiamo compiuto delle registrazioni da coppie di neuroni. Mentre la risposta prevalentemente di depressione dei controlli non è modificata da tale trattamento, neuroni cresciuti su substrati di cnt in condizioni di blocco dell’attività elettrica non presentano più sinapsi con caratteristiche di facilitazione, ma hanno un comportamento simile ai contolli. Questi risultati indicano che la facilitazione è una proprietà tipica di sinapsi attive sviluppatesi in presenza di CNT.
XXII Ciclo
1981
34
Gough, Caroline Shanni. « The biology of the ovine functional spinal unit : facet cartilage and intervertebral disc ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5753/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Back pain will affect up to 84% of people at some point in their lives. It is a major public health problem in Western society leading to disability and economic loss through work absence, physician visits and hospitalisation. A major cause of back pain is the natural degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) and osteoarthritis of the facet joints which increase with age. Spinal fusion is a common treatment that has been used for decades. The procedure involves the fusion of two vertebrae restricting motion in the functional spinal unit (FSU). Currently, tissue engineering methods are being researched to develop facet cartilage and IVD repair and replacement therapies for early intervention in the disease process with the aim of restoring tissue function and motion. There is a need for pre-clinical simulations to test these novel early intervention therapies. The aim of this study was to characterise facet cartilage and IVD tissue in an ovine model in order to develop models of the healthy and degenerated ovine FSU which could be used in pre-clinical simulations of future therapies. Ovine spines from animals of different ages were dissected and IVDs and facets from cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions were studied using photography, μCT and histology. The results showed that degeneration in the FSU began at 5-6 years of age. Since tissue from one year old sheep was skeletally immature, tissue from 3-4 year olds was accepted as healthy and used for further characterisation in order for comparisons to be made between ovine and human tissue. IVDs and facet cartilage from cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spines of 3-4 year old sheep were characterised using photography, histology, (haematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, Sirius red and Miller’s elastin stains), immunohistochemistry, assay for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and indentation testing to determine the biomechanical properties. The cells were isolated from FSU`s tissues, cultured and phenotyped using immunofluorescence. Facet cartilage was rich in GAGs throughout the tissue structure with normal articular cartilage collagen distribution. The percentage of GAGs in dry weight facet cartilage was 8.47 %. Elastin was also found within the lamellae layers of the annulus fibrosus (AF) and cartilage end plate (CEP). Immunohistochemistry showed high expression of collagen II, chondroitin sulphate, collagen VI, collagen III and fibronectin in both facet cartilage and IVD tissue with varying distributions and intensities. The isolated FSU cells showed high expression of collagen types II, III and VI, fibronectin, CD44, SOX-9 and chondroitin-6-sulphate. Facet cartilage showed very similar characteristics to other articular cartilages in terms of the key macromolecules present. Facet cartilage in the cervical region appeared thicker and contained more GAGs in comparison to the thoracic and lumbar regions. This may be due to the greater range of motion experienced in the cervical region and the need for extra support. A relationship between the presence of collagen types III and VI and elastin was also observed in facet cartilage. This may be due to the similar role of these proteins in providing anchorage of the chondrocyte to the ECM in facet cartilage. In order to mimic degenerated human facets, ovine facets were treated with chondroitinase ABC in order to remove GAGs from the cartilage. Eight cervical facets were treated with 0.05 U.ml-1 (w/v) chondroitinase ABC solution and analysed using photography, indentation, GAG assay, histology and immunohistochemistry to determine their effect. The chondroitinase ABC method was shown to remove GAGs from facet cartilage, as seen in degenerated cartilage. This approach can be used to treat ovine FSU’s to create degenerate models for in vitro pre-clinical simulations for testing future therapies such as those developed through tissue engineering.
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Atherton, Mark Anthony. « Effective product design enhancing robust engineering design and quality function deployment ». Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389704.
Texte intégral
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Altman, Erik R. (Erik Richter). « Optimal software pipelining with function unit and register constraints ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29381.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation is concerned with software pipelining in the presence of resource constraints--both register and function unit. Software pipelining attempts to combine or schedule operations from different iterations of a loop into a new loop body which can execute as fast as possible or rate-optimally on a given architecture. Approaches for software pipelining can be categorized as exact--meaning the approach guarantees it will find a rate-optimal schedule--or inexact meaning the approach makes no such guarantee. This thesis proposes two novel and exact approaches.One approach represents the software pipelining problem as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem. A unified framework is developed that includes both function unit and register constraints. This framework can represent both fully pipelined function units as well as function units with structural hazards. In the latter case, difficulties in mapping instructions to function units are identified and a solution developed.
Our other software pipelining approach is to enumerate a sufficiently large set of schedules so as to guarantee inclusion of a rate-optimal, minimum register schedule fitting the target architecture. As the set of legal schedules is often large or infinite, drastic pruning is required to make this approach feasible. Requirements for this pruning are developed which insure that the enumerated set still contains all schedules of interest. Both the enumeration and ILP approaches are easily adapted to handle resource minimization, making them suitable for use in synthesis and architectural definition as well as in compilers.
A powerful tested containing over 35,000 lines of C code was constructed to evaluate the proposed approaches against each other, as well as to compare them to a set of leading inexact methods. Performance was compared on over 1000 benchmark loops. For a significant number of the loops, use of the proposed ILP and enumeration techniques resulted in schedules that were faster and/or used fewer registers than the inexact methods.
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Rosengren, Hellman Jonas. « Modular Battery Base Unit : A Method-Based Design Approach ». Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183421.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis covers a product development process carried out in collaboration with Ericsson –Enclosure & Power and their development of Radio Base Stations (RBS). As Ericsson expands into new markets, the different customer demands on their support systems increases in number and variation. In order to improve their business structure and still provide a wide array of product solutions, they are currently developing a new modular product family. Today numerous methods for product modularization exist, but there is a lack of experience of using such methods at Ericsson – Enclosure & Power. This thesis is an exploration of what methods could be suitable to use in this context, and how to implement them in a beneficial way. The object of study is the Battery Base Unit (BBU), a mounting base for RBS cabinets that contains a compartment for backup batteries. A methodology is suggested for developing this product in a way that secures a proper modular structure. Part of the methodology consists of standard product development methods such as Quality Function Deployment (QFD), concept selection and prototyping. The other part consist of the modularization methods Function Structure Heuristics and Design Structure Matrix (DSM), that are employed first on functional level before developing concepts and secondly on component-based level while detailing the final concept. The thesis describes how these implementations have been made, how the product have been developed from idea to prototype and the resulting product modularity. The final design is evaluated against the product specification and the benefits and drawbacks of using a formalized modularization process for product development at Ericsson – Enclosure & Power are discussed.Detta arbete handlar om den produktutveckling som utförts i samarbete med Ericsson –Enclosure & Power och deras utveckling av kabinett för radiobasstationer (RBS). Ericssons expansion på nya marknader ökar mängden krav på deras olika supportsystem. För att kunna vidareutveckla sin verksamhet och samtidigt erbjuda ett stort antal produktlösningar utvecklar de för närvarande en ny modulbaserad produktfamilj. Idag finns ett flertal metoder för produktmodularisering men man saknar erfarenhet av att arbeta med sådana metoder på Ericsson– Enclosure & Power. Detta arbete undersöker vilka metoder som är lämpliga att använda i detta sammanhang, och hur man på bästa sätt ska implementera dem. Objektet för denna studie är Batteribasenheten (BBUn) som är ett fundament för montering av RBS kabinettet med ett utrymme för reservbatterier. Ett övergripande tillvägagångssätt föreslås för att säkerställa att utvecklingen av denna produkt inkluderar en bra modulär uppbyggnad. Delvis består tillvägagångssättet av vanliga produktutvecklingsmetoder såsom Quality Function Deployment (QFD), koncepturval och prototyper. I övrigt består det i modulariseringsmetoderna Function Structure Heuristics och Design Structure Matrix (DSM) som används först på funktionsnivå innan konceptgenereringsfasen och därefter på komponentnivå under detaljutvecklingen av det slutliga konceptet. Detta arbete beskriver hur dessa metoder har implementerats, hur produktenhar utvecklats från idé till prototyp samt den resulterande produktmodulariteten. Den slutliga utformningen utvärderas mot den angivna kravspecificeringen och fördelarna och nackdelarna med att använda en formaliserad metod för produktutveckling på Ericsson – Enclosure & Power diskuteras.
38
Дорда, Віталій Олександрович, Виталий Александрович Дорда, Vitalii Oleksandrovych Dorda et L. Kabanova. « Place and functions of national biased units in english and ukrainian ». Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19677.
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39
Nozad, Mojaver Yalda. « A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDIAL PTERYGOID MUSCLE DURING JAW CLOSING AND HORIZONTAL FORCE IN HUMANS ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18260.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is limited information regarding the normal function of the medial pterygoid (MP) muscle, a major jaw muscle. The aims of our study were to develop a methodology to record from the MP during standardized isometric jaw closing tasks, to determine the range of tasks over which activity can be recorded in the MP, and to determine whether there is evidence for functional heterogeneity within the MP muscle by comparing electromyographic (EMG) features in different regions of the MP. Fifteen healthy participants were included in the study. The EMG activity of the right MP was recorded with intramuscular electrodes during the performance of isometric jaw closing tasks onto a force transducer as well as isometric contralateral (i.e. to the left side), protrusive (straightforward) and ipsilateral (i.e. to the right side) jaw tasks using another force transducer in the same participants. The isometric tasks were ramp tasks (at a fast rate and at a slow rate) and step level tasks (at 2 force levels). A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for all participants and the presence of MP activity, thresholds of single motor units, and root means square (RMS) activity were assessed in the tasks. The MP was active in all jaw closing tasks in all participants, but in the horizontal tasks, the MP was mostly active in the protrusive and contralateral tasks (85% of participants), while it was activated in 57% of the participants in the ipsilateral tasks. The mean force threshold value for the fast jaw closing ramp task was significantly (P<0.05) lower than for the slow jaw closing ramp task. However the differences were not significant for any of the horizontal tasks. The EMG activity of the MP in all jaw closing and horizontal tasks was positive except for the ipsilateral tasks when the MP was not active in the ipsilateral tasks at all. CT scan verifications of the electrodes locations suggest a more important role for the lateral part of the MP in the generation and/or control of the horizontal jaw force tasks than the medial part. Also, a crucial role for the medial part in the vertical jaw closing tasks is proposed. These findings support the functional heterogeneity of the MP due to its selective activation in various tasks. This study proposes an important role for the MP in the generation of closing and lateral forces and also supports a role for the MP as being functionally heterogeneous.
40
Brinker, Deborah Joan. « The relationship between nursing unit work and structure as it relates to the functional health of elderly patients ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056730352.
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Reinhart, Marius Armin [Verfasser], M. Cristina [Akademischer Betreuer] Cardoso et Barbara [Akademischer Betreuer] Drossel. « Replicons : functional elementary units of genome architecture / Marius Armin Reinhart ; M. Cristina Cardoso, Barbara Drossel ». Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122286333/34.
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Nya, Kwamen Astrid Carel [Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Albrecht et Kari [Akademischer Betreuer] Rissanen. « Hierarchically assembled helicates as functional supramolecular units / Astrid Carel Nya Kwamen ; Markus Albrecht, Kari Rissanen ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1215927800/34.
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Herath, Harshini. « Comparative and functional analysis of the spliceosome units of the cyst and root lesion nematodes ». Thesis, Herath, Harshini (2016) Comparative and functional analysis of the spliceosome units of the cyst and root lesion nematodes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35018/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei and the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii belong to the top three plant parasitic nematode groups with regards to scientific and economic importance. RNA interference (RNAi) technology is a potential strategy for delivering transgenic resistance for nematode management in agriculture. The natural cellular mechanism of gene silencing, RNAi, is a sequence specific mRNA degradation process induced by the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA). The aim of this research was to investigate whether genes involved in cis and trans-splicing of mRNA in plant parasitic nematodes present suitable targets for nematode control using RNAi. In plant parasitic nematodes, RNAi was induced either through ingestion of dsRNA of genes involved in splicing with the help of a neurostimulant or via in planta delivery. Comparative analysis with Caenorhabditis elegans identified 55 spliceosome genes in the root lesion nematodes P. thornei, P. zeae and P. coffeae and 44 genes in the cyst nematodes H. glycines and H. schachtii. Identification of spliced leader (SL) RNA specific sut-1, sut-2, sna-1 and sna-2 genes suggests the occurrence of SL trans-splicing of mRNA in these nematodes. In vitro RNAi induced by soaking mixed stages of P. thornei and second stage juveniles of H. schachtii in 1 mg/mL dsRNA for selected spliceosome genes for 16 hours in some cases affected nematode movement causing paralysis, ‘knots’ and loss of direction, compared to those fed with dsRNA of green fluorescent protein (gfp) or controls not exposed to dsRNA. When dsRNA treated nematodes were transferred to carrot mini discs or Arabidopsis thaliana plants, after 5 weeks compared to control treatments there was a 55-99% reduction in the number of RNAi-treated P. thornei cultured on the carrot mini discs, and a 9-81% reduction in the number of H. schachtii cysts which developed on wild type A. thaliana, demonstrating that silencing of specific target genes reduced nematode survival and reproduction for both species. Reduction in transcript levels of some genes was also evident when analysed by semi-quantitative PCR. When carrot hairy roots were generated which expressed sequences of dsRNA for SL specific genes of P. thornei, there was a wide variation in the number of nematodes extracted per gram root, between different transgenic events. H. schachtii cyst development over 5 weeks was reduced by 3-100% on transgenic A. thaliana plants transformed to express dsRNA of target 8 genes. The results suggest that some of the target genes studied are potential candidates for further development of nematode resistance in crop plants, and could contribute to the on-going search for delivering sustainable control of these and related nematodes using RNAi technology.
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Nya, Kwamen Astrid Carel Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Albrecht et Kari [Akademischer Betreuer] Rissanen. « Hierarchically assembled helicates as functional supramolecular units / Astrid Carel Nya Kwamen ; Markus Albrecht, Kari Rissanen ». Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1215927800/34.
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McCloskey, Rose Marlene. « Changes in self-efficacy and functional abilities of patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0032/MQ65506.pdf.
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McCloskey, R. M. « Changes in self-efficacy and functional abilities of patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit ». Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/468.
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Bhattacharya, Sanghita. « Predictive Finite Element Modeling of Artificial Cervical Discs in a Ligamentous Functional Spinal Unit ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1302138650.
Texte intégral
48
Qwaka, Prince Siphiwo. « The role of policy management units with particular reference to the PMU in the South African Parliament ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1215_1328706690.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study seeks to understand and examine the role of public policy units with a specific focus on the South African National Parliament Policy Management Unit (PMU). The problem being investigated is that of a lack of constructive support and debate in understanding the role and functions of policy management units. Thus, the scope of the study is limited to policy management units with the South African Parliament PMU as a special reference. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the role of policy management units, with particular reference to the PMU in the South African Parliament. The secondary objectives will then be to provide a theoretical perspective of the role and functions of policy management units
and to develop a case of the PMU in Parliament for further analysis and examination. Examples of existing policy units and the support they have with parliaments will be produced, assessed, and explored.
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Zhu, Fan. « Geosynthetic reinforced earth structures effects of facing units and force distribution functions / ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 116 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654493691&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Daud, M. « Functions whose derivative maps the unit disc into a half plane ». Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636355.
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