Articles de revues : « Full scale field test »

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Fleming, Paul, Jennifer Annoni, Andrew Scholbrock, Eliot Quon, Scott Dana, Scott Schreck, Steffen Raach, Florian Haizmann et David Schlipf. « Full-Scale Field Test of Wake Steering ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 854 (mai 2017) : 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/854/1/012013.

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Pan, Tso‐Chien, Siu Tee Wong, Hee Kiat Cheong et Kok Wai Phang. « Field Load Test on Full‐Scale Reinforced Concrete Frame ». Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 6, n^o 3 (août 1992) : 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1992)6:3(137).

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Bybee, Karen. « Field Test of a Full-Scale Dual-Gradient Drilling System ». Journal of Petroleum Technology 53, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2001) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1101-0034-jpt.

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Dou, WY. « Field test and numerical analysis of a new expansion joint ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2158, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012041.

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Abstract in order to realize the reasonable design of new type pile slab subgrade, this study, relying on the reconstruction and expansion project of Lintou Longxi Interchange Section of g5011 Wuhe expressway, constructs a pile slab subgrade model with 15 holes and each hole is 6m. Through the full-scale model, the displacement of the new type of vertical limited expansion joint of pile slab subgrade under the most unfavorable load is obtained. Based on the separated modeling method, the nonlinear analysis of full-scale specimen under test loading condition with load displacement curve in good agreement with the measured results is realized. Combined with the static performance test of full-scale members, it is verified that the expansion joint of the pile slab subgrade has good vertical displacement limiting ability, which can be applied to the engineering.

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Buckley-Johnstone, L., M. Harmon, R. Lewis, C. Hardwick et R. Stock. « A comparison of friction modifier performance using two laboratory test scales ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F : Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, n^o 2 (4 septembre 2018) : 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718787045.

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This paper describes two methods, carried out at two different test scales, for assessing the friction modifier performance. Study A used the wear data from a full-scale rig test at the voestalpine Schienen GmbH and compared it with the wear data from twin disc tests using the SUROS test machine at the University of Sheffield. Study B compared the ‘retentivity’ data, from a full-scale rig at the University of Sheffield, with the data from the SUROS tests. Study A concluded that a good correlation existed between the two scales although assumptions made in the full-scale contact calculation introduce a large spread into the results. There was a greater correlation between the two data sets at more severe contact conditions. Study B showed a different baseline coefficient of traction between the two scales and that a longer test length is required to fully evaluate the ‘retention’ of the friction modifier on the full-scale rig. The paper expands on a previous conference presentation on the same subject. Additional information on the test procedure and test rigs is included here. Surface and subsurface analyses of the SUROS test samples have also been added. The analyses have shown that applying the friction modifier leads to a similar wear mechanism as for the dry contact, but the wear is less severe and there is less subsurface deformation. A discussion describing the differences in test scales and comparing lab tests to field operation is also included.

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Kesavan, G., et S. S. Chandrasekaran. « Geotechnical Investigation, Field Load Test and Analysis of Full-Scale Bored Pile ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (novembre 2015) : 1126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.1126.

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The maximum load carrying capacity of bored piles is a complex problem because it is a function of a number of factors, these factors include methods of soil exploration, ground water condition, types of grading of concrete, quantity and quality of concrete. The knowledge of Geotechnical test is important for the most economical design of the piles. This paper describes some important aspects of field investigation, design and construction of in-situ bored pile foundation, field pile load test of experience gained from the construction of the pile at a site in Aathoor in Tamil Nadu, India. The site was fully sandy soil from existing ground level. The design of bored pile under axial compression was done using Empirical formula, pile load test and by using PLAXIS 2D software. Results were compared with vertical load and settlement in this site.

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NAGATANI, Tatsuya, Yukihiko TAMURA, Masatoshi IIJIMA, Masaru TATEYAMA, Kenichi KOJIMA et Kenji WATANABE. « CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD OBSERVATION OF THE FULL SCALE TEST INTEGRAL GRS BRIDGE ». Jioshinsetikkusu Rombunshu (Geosynthetics Engineering Journal) 24 (2009) : 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal.24.219.

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Nishimoto, K., F. Kaster, I. Q. Masetti, J. Matsuura et J. A. P. Aranha. « Full scale decay test of a tanker : field data and theoretical analysis ». Ocean Engineering 26, n^o 2 (août 1998) : 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-8018(97)10006-3.

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Byrne, P. M., H. Puebla, D. H. Chan, A. Soroush, N. R. Morgenstern, D. C. Cathro, W. H. Gu et al. « CANLEX full-scale experiment and modelling ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, n^o 3 (1 juin 2000) : 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-042.

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A major aim of the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) was to verify analysis procedures for predicting liquefaction phenomena. Towards this purpose, two loading events were carried out: a field event comprising a clay embankment built over a loose sand foundation layer, and a centrifuge test performed on a model of a sand embankment structure. Both the field event and the centrifuge model were planned so as to induce a static liquefaction failure and were instrumented to observe their response in terms of displacement and pore pressure. The fundamental mechanical characteristics of the foundation layer were determined from laboratory element tests (triaxial and simple shear). These tests formed the basis for the stress-strain modelling used in the numerical analyses. Two fundamentally different modelling techniques were used. One involved a fully coupled plasticity model, and the other involved a model based on a collapse-surface approach. The model and prototype structures were then analyzed and the predicted results in terms of displacements and pore pressures were compared with the measured values. The results from both approaches were found to be in reasonable agreement with the measurements, provided allowance was made for direction of loading and drainage effects were accounted for.Key words: liquefaction, field experiment, embankment, centrifuge model, elastic-plastic model.

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Gomez Gonzalez, Alejandro, Peder B. Enevoldsen, Athanasios Barlas et Helge A. Madsen. « Field test of an active flap system on a full-scale wind turbine ». Wind Energy Science 6, n^o 1 (6 janvier 2021) : 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-33-2021.

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Abstract. This article describes a series of validation tests of an active flap system (AFS) on a multi-megawatt wind turbine. A single blade of a 4 MW turbine with 130 m rotor diameter (SWT-4.0-130) is retrofitted in the outer 15–20 m with the AFS. The AFS is controlled remotely with a pneumatic pressure supply system located in the hub of the turbine. The measurements were performed between October 2017 and June 2019 using two different AFS configurations on the blade. A description of the system setup is given, as well as comparisons of measurements and aeroelastic simulations. The measurements quantify the static load control authority of the AFS in atmospheric conditions, providing a preliminary estimate of load impact potential for the concept. This article presents, furthermore, a new method for the characterization of the load impact of such a system and its dynamic response under atmospheric conditions based on a blade-to-blade load comparison.

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Mendonça, Fausto Batista, Girum Solomon Urgessa, Rita Lazzarini Dutra, Rene Francisco Boschi Gonçalves, Koshun Iha et José Atílio Fritz Fidel Rocco. « EPS foam blast attenuation in full-scale field test of reinforced concrete slabs ». Acta Scientiarum. Technology 42 (3 octobre 2019) : e40020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.40020.

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Predicting explosion parameters is an important step when planning for blast tests or the design of blast resistant buildings. This paper presents a comparison of recorded pressure that was reflected on the surface of reinforced concrete slabs with and without EPS (Expanded Polystyrene) foam retrofit measured from a detonation of 2.7 kg of non-confined plastic explosive. Two 50 MPa reinforced concrete slabs measuring 1.0x1.0x0.08 m, simply supported on two sides were tested. The explosive was suspended at a distance of 2.0 m from the upper surface of the slabs; one of the slabs had 5.0 cm thick foam on the top side. Eight piezoelectric pressure sensors were positioned at a distance of 2.0 m from the explosive. Results showed that the foam retrofit reduced the reflected pressure by approximately 57% when compared to the slab without EPS foam retrofit.

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Breen, John E., Michael E. Kreger, Christopher D. White et Gordon C. Clark. « Field evaluation and model test of a composite wing-girder bridge ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1987) : 753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-113.

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This paper presents the key observations and conclusions from the evaluation of an innovative "loose-fit" composite, post-tensioned concrete wing-girder bridge proposed for an elevated interstate highway expansion in an urban environment. The evaluation program included both testing to destruction of a 1/2-scale model of a partial span as well as construction monitoring and field testing at service load levels of a full-scale prototype two-span bridge. Results of both construction measurements and loading tests were compared with analytical predictions. Laboratory tests showed the composite behavior of the wing-girder joint to be fully effective and a high level of load transfer between wings to be present. Recommendations for modification of the prototype design are made to improve constructibility, durability, structural performance, and economy. Key words: box girder, bridge, post-tensioned, prestressed concrete, reinforcement, stresses, temperature, tendons.

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Haldar, Asim, VSN Prasad Yenumula et T. R. Chari. « Full-scale field tests on directly embedded steel pole foundations ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, n^o 2 (1 avril 2000) : 414–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-119.

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The results of eight full-scale tests on directly embedded steel pole foundations are presented. Fully instrumented poles were tested to measure the various design parameters. Different types of backfills such as sand, in situ gravelly sand, crushed stone, and flowable material were used. Various parameters were measured, including applied moment, ground line deflection-rotation, rotation of the pole below the ground level, soil pressures, and bending moments in the poles. The behaviour of these foundations was explained through ultimate capacity and moment-rotation characteristics. Based on these test results, it was found that the capacity of the directly embedded pole foundation depends primarily on the compaction levels of backfill and the embedment length of the pole. Flowable backfill material, which does not require any compaction, was found to be most effective and promising. Even when the backfill was loose, the lateral capacity significantly increased by the addition of a baseplate or by installing the pole with an additional embedment depth. Various theories developed for laterally loaded rigid piles were used to predict the moment-rotation behaviour and the ultimate capacity of the directly embedded pole foundation with different types of backfill material. Results from the analytical investigations were compared with those obtained from the full-scale load tests. Comparisons show that the ultimate capacities predicted by the models ranged from 0.30 to 2.20 times the measured capacities.Key words: backfill, compaction, full-scale tests, laterally loaded rigid piles, transmission steel poles, ultimate moment.

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Suh, Chul, Jeffrey L. Y. Lee, David W. Fowler et Kenneth H. Stokoe. « Superaccelerated Pavement Testing on Full-Scale Concrete Slabs ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1940, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105194000113.

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Several full-scale rigid pavement slabs were constructed and tested under constant cyclic loading for fatigue. To provide the comparable maximum applied stress to number of cycles to failure ( S-N) relationships for the full-scale field slabs, laboratory beam fatigue testing was conducted before field testing with the use of the same concrete mix designs. The superaccelerated pavement testing technique that was developed at the University of Texas was used in the field. The stationary dynamic deflectometer (SDD) was used to load the full-scale concrete slabs. To monitor the response of the rigid pavements, accelerometers and linear variable differential transformers were installed, and dynamic and permanent displacements of slabs were recorded during the entire testing period. All test slabs reached fatigue failure under the interior loading configuration using the SDD. This field loading system was found to be a practical and effective tool for testing the full-scale rigid pavement system. During fatigue loading, cracks began at the bottom of the slabs at the loading locations and propagated along the bottom of the slab centerline, which was the maximum stress path. Vertical crack propagation at the edge and stress redistribution occurred for the part of the slab's fatigue life. The concept of equivalent fatigue life was applied to correct the effect of the different stress ratios between the field and the laboratory testing. The laboratory beams and full-scale field slabs showed an almost identical S-N relationship after the correction for the variance of stress ratio.

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Jeon, Seok Hyeon, Hong Jae Yim, Jungwon Huh, Kwang-Il Cho et Jin-Hee Ahn. « Full-scale field testing of a precast concrete buried arch bridge with steel outriggers : Field loading test ». Engineering Structures 242 (septembre 2021) : 112563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112563.

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KAJI, Takashi, Mitsuhiro ISHII, Shin-ichiro HASHIMOTO et Chikanori HASHIMOTO. « STUDY ON PRACTICAL USE BY FULL-SCALE CONSTRUCTION FIELD TEST OF FLY ASH CONCRETE ». Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu E 62, n^o 4 (2006) : 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jsceje.62.713.

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Lee, Young-Geun, Sun-Hee Kim, Joon-Seok Park, Jun Won Kang et Soon-Jong Yoon. « Full-scale field test for buried glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipe with large diameter ». Composite Structures 120 (février 2015) : 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.10.002.

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Selemetas, D., et J. R. Standing. « Response of full-scale piles to EPBM tunnelling in London Clay ». Géotechnique 67, n^o 9 (septembre 2017) : 823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.sip17.p.126.

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The installation and working test performance of four full-scale instrumented driven piles and their subsequent response to twin tunnels constructed below the pile bases are described. One pair was designed to be largely friction piles and the other pair end-bearing. Their locations relative to the new tunnels were carefully chosen to optimise understanding of pile responses at varying offsets from the centre-lines. The site conditions and the greenfield response to earth pressure balance machine tunnelling at the site were described in a companion paper that reported an expanding displacement field around the tunnels rather than the contracting fields usually observed. The field monitoring results indicated that, during construction, zones of influence existed around tunnels, where the ground and piles were subjected to different degrees and senses of relative vertical displacement. Redistributions of load along the pile lengths occurred as the tunnel boring machines approached, passed beneath and continued beyond the pile bases; lateral pile deflections and bending moments were also induced. Based on the results from this field study, implications for the capacity of existing piles (and design of new piles) subjected to tunnelling-induced movements are assessed for cases of expanding and contracting displacement fields.

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Li, Qiang, Shuo Zhang, Yujun Wang, Weiwei Xu et Zhenbo Wang. « A dynamic response test rig of a full-scale rotor–journal bearing system ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J : Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, n^o 4 (6 décembre 2018) : 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118817183.

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A design strategy of a test rig for the dynamic behavior of a rotor supported by two full-scale journal bearings was proposed. A special part, called “intermediate”, was set up to allow the convenient changing of the bearing structure. An electromagnetic exciter was used to obtain the natural frequency, and software running on the Microsoft Visual C++6.0 operating platform was programmed for signal acquisition and analysis. Then, the test rig was constructed. The field dynamic balance and natural frequency testing were carried out. The journal orbits and frequency spectrums were used to measure the dynamic response of different structure full-scale journal bearings. The experimental results showed that an acceptable balance effect was achieved after the field dynamic balance. The natural frequency of the rig agreed with the numerical results. Stability was improved through changing the bearing structure. This revealed that this rig can effectively test the dynamic behavior of a rotor supported by a full-scale journal bearing system, which is critical to the design of journal bearings.

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Li, Zhao, Guang-jun Yang, Xiao-yan Tong et Feng Jiang. « A Parametric Design Method for Hybrid Airfoils for Icing Wind Tunnel Test ». International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2021 (20 avril 2021) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5594077.

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The size of aircraft models that can be tested in icing wind tunnels is limited by the dimensions of the facilities in present; it is an effective method to replace the large model with a hybrid airfoil to carry out the experiment. A design method of multiple control points for hybrid airfoil based on the similarity of flow field in the leading edge of airfoil is proposed. Aiming at generating the full-scale flow field and ice accretion on the leading edge, multiobjective genetic optimization algorithm is used to design the hybrid airfoil under different conditions by combining the airfoil parameterization and solution of spatial constraint. Pressure tests of hybrid airfoils are carried out and compared with the leading edge pressure of the corresponding full-scale airfoils. The design and experimental results show that the pressure coefficient deviation between the hybrid airfoils designed and the corresponding full-scale airfoil in the 15% chord length range of the leading edge is within 4%. Finally, the vortex distribution and ice accretion process of the two airfoils were simulated by the unsteady Reynolds-averaged-Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations and multistep ice numerical method; it is shown that the hybrid airfoil can provide the same vortex distribution and ice accretion with the full-scale airfoil.

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Rowe, R. Kerry, C. T. Gnanendran, A. O. Landva et A. J. Valsangkar. « Construction and performance of a full-scale geotextile reinforced test embankment, Sackville, New Brunswick ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, n^o 3 (1 juin 1995) : 512–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-053.

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The instrumentation, construction, and field performance of a full-scale geotextile reinforced test embankment constructed on a soft compressible soil is presented. A relatively high-strength polyester woven geotextile was used as reinforcement. The construction sequence, the observed pore pressure response, and the vertical and horizontal displacements are reported. The development and propagation of cracks in relation to the construction sequence and the manner in which the embankment failed are described. The field data suggest that the shear strength of the foundation soil was mobilized at a fill thickness between 5 and 5.7 m. However, due to the stabilizing effect of the geotextile reinforcement, the embankment did not fail until the geotextile reached its ultimate tensile strength and tore when the fill thickness reached 8.2 m. The failure of the embankment was of a viscoplastic nature and although additional fill could be placed after failure of the geotextile and embankment at 8.2 m, no additional gain in the net height (i.e., relative to the surrounding area) could be maintained above the maximum of 6.6 m recorded when the fill thickness reached 8.2 m. Key words : embankment, geotextile reinforcement, field behaviour, stability, deformations, pore pressures.

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Zubeck, Hannele K., Huayang Zeng, Ted S. Vinson et Vincent C. Janoo. « Field Validation of Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test : Six Case Histories ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1545, n^o 1 (janvier 1996) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154500109.

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Construction histories, cracking observations, and temperature data were collected for five test roads in Alaska, Pennsylvania, and Finland. A full-scale and fully controlled low-temperature cracking test program was conducted at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Specimens were fabricated in the laboratory with original asphalt cements and aggregates from the test roads. The thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) results obtained for these samples were correlated with the field observations. On the basis of a statistical analysis of the data, the TSRST fracture temperature is associated with the field cracking temperature and crack frequency for the test roads where mixture properties dominated low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that the TSRST can be used to simulate low-temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures.

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Chen, Lin, Le Fang, Wei Fan, Tao Liu et Hao Wu. « Field test and numerical simulation of a full-scale RC pier under multiple lateral impacts ». Engineering Structures 268 (octobre 2022) : 114747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114747.

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Moulart, Raphaël, René Rotinat, Fabrice Pierron et Gilles Lérondel. « Development of a Full-Field Displacement Measurement Technique at the Microscale and Application to the Study of Strain Fields in a Tensile Steel Specimen ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 7-8 (août 2007) : 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.7-8.181.

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This work deals with the development of a full-field extensometric method at a micrometric scale in order to precisely identify the local features of a metallic alloy at the scale of the grains. The full-field method that has been chosen is the grid method that applies a spatial phase-shifting algorithm to a periodic pattern. To mark the sample, direct interferometric photolithography was used. The paper presents the basic features of the technique and first mechanical test results are commented.

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Tsai, Jiin-Song, Lee-Der Jou et Hsii-Sheng Hsieh. « A full-scale stability experiment on a diaphragm wall trench ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, n^o 2 (1 avril 2000) : 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-122.

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This paper presents the results of a full-scale field experiment on the stability of a slurry-filled diaphragm wall trench. The objective of this experiment was to observe the failure pattern of a slurry-supported trench excavated in sandy ground. Ground responses, including settlement and lateral deformation of the surrounding ground adjacent to the experimental trench, were carefully monitored during the experiment. The stability of the trench was examined by lowering the slurry level in stages. The trench was deliberately failed. Field observations indicated that the experimental trench failed in 2 h in a progressive sliding pattern that resulted in a near-hemispherical cave-in of the adjacent ground. In this paper, a failure mechanism of the trench is proposed and an analytical method is adopted to back-analyze the stability of the trench. The stability of the trench and the failure pattern can be accurately analyzed using the method of Tsai and Chang.Key words: full-scale experiment, field test, slurry trench, stability analysis.

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Erdik, Atıl, Vahdet Ucar et Namik Kilic. « Finite Element and Experimental Analyses of an Armoured Vehicle Subjected to Landmine Blast ». Defence Science Journal 65, n^o 6 (10 novembre 2015) : 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.8594.

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Landmines severely threaten the armoured vehicles. The principal objective is to present a methodology for blast simulations of vehicles subjected to landmine explosions. First, free field blast experiment of 2 kg TNT charge in a steel pot is carried out to validate the blast parameters used in the numerical simulation. Overpressure-time history collected in the free field blast experiment is compared to the numerical simulation results. Numerical simulations are performed in LS-DYNA hydrocode that employs Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation enabling a fully coupled interaction between the blast wave, the detonation gases, and the vehicle. Second, the full-scale field test of an armoured vehicle exposed to 6 kg of TNT charge in a steel pot underneath the rear end of the vehicle is conducted. Maximum dynamic deformations measured inside the vehicle are compared to the results calculated in the numerical simulation. Results show that the numerical simulation is in good agreement with the full-scale field test.

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Wang, Jianqun, Shenghua Tang, Hui Zheng, Cong Zhou et Mingqiao Zhu. « Flexural Behavior of a 30-Meter Full-Scale Simply Supported Prestressed Concrete Box Girder ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 9 (28 avril 2020) : 3076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093076.

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Compared with scaled-model testing, full-scale destructive testing is more reliable since the test has no size effect and can truly record the mechanical performance of the structure. However, due to the high cost, only very few full-scale destructive tests have been conducted on the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete (PC) box girders with girders removed from decommissioned bridges. Moreover, related destructive testing on the flexural behavior of a new precast box girder has been rarely reported. To investigate the flexural behavior and optimize the design, destructive testing of a 30-meter full-scale simply supported prestressed box girder was conducted at the construction site. It is illustrated that the failure mode of the tested girder was fracture of the prestressing tendon, and the corresponding maximum compressive strain in the top flange was only 1456 μ ε , which is far less than the ultimate compressive strain (3300 μ ε ). Therefore, the concrete in the top flange was not fully utilized. A nonlinear analysis procedure was performed using the finite strip method (FSM). The validity of the analysis was demonstrated by comparing the analytical results with those of the full-scale test in the field and a scaled model test in a laboratory. Using the developed numerical method, parametric analyses of the ratio of reinforcement were carried out. The prestressing tendon of the tested girder was increased from four strands to six strands in each duct. After the optimization of the prestressed reinforcement, the girder was ductile and the bearing capacity could be increased by 44.3%.

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Kamal, Wan Ikram Wajdee Wan Ahmad, Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim, Khairul Hazman Padil, Sarehati Umar, Han-Seung Lee et Jitendra Kumar Singh. « Full-scale Field Test Extraction of Natural Frequency and Acceleration of Bridge using Modal Test and Operational Modal Analysis ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1135, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012040.

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Abstract Vibration in bridges occurred due to several factors such as structural design, environmental loadings, and loading characteristics (speed parameter, loading patterns, and configuration of axles). If this problem is prolonged for several years, this may lead to stages of failure such as structural cracking, fatigue on structural members, excessive deformation, and local stress concentration on structural connections. In response to this issue, an investigation was carried out in this study by utilising numerical modelling of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to explore the effect of the Intermediate Diaphragm (ID) on the RC bridge deck. The FEA is then validated and confirmed from the full-scale field-test, which consists of a modal test for both frequency and mode shape comparisons, and operational modal analysis for extraction of deck acceleration. The results show that the current natural frequency of the bridge does not reach the minimum frequency requirement from the BS5400 Code of Practice, while the acceleration based on a 24-tonnes moving truck is within the allowable acceleration limit. In comparison, frequency, mode shape and acceleration between the FEA numerical analysis and field test had shown insignificant differences and minimum error between the two.

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Nieh, Sen, et Jian Zhang. « Simulation of the Strongly Swirling Aerodynamic Field in a Vortex Combustor ». Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, n^o 3 (1 septembre 1992) : 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910039.

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This paper presents the simulation of the strongly swirling aerodynamic field in a coal-fired vortex combustor (VC) recently developed for commercial heating applications. A new version of algebraic Reynolds stress model was employed for the closure of non-isotropic turbulence. The calculated results of the 25 cm I.D. bench-scale and the 61 cm I.D. full-scale VC cold test models showed the pertinent aerodynamic features of the VC in terms of strongly swirling, developing, recirculating, and non-isotropic turbulent flow. The dynamic similarity was generally maintained for VCs of different scales.

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Al-Hassawi, Omar Dhia, et David Drake. « Innovations in Passive Downdraft Cooling Performance Evaluation Methods : Design and Construction of a Novel Environmental Test Chamber ». Energies 16, n^o 11 (27 mai 2023) : 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114371.

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Energy demand for active mechanical space cooling is projected to double by 2050. Wider adoption of passive cooling systems can help reduce demand. However, familiarity with these systems remains low, and innovation in the field is constrained due to a lack of cost-effective, accessible performance evaluation methods. This paper reports the design, construction, and commissioning of an affordable, self-contained environmental test chamber. The novel chamber replicates a range of outdoor conditions common in hot, dry regions, making possible year-round testing of reduced-scale prototypes. Data from calibration testing are reported, showing no significant difference in evaporative efficiency when a reduced-scale prototype tested in the chamber is compared with datasets from prior full-scale testing. Analyzing the results using an independent sample two-tailed t-test with a 95% confidence interval found a p-value of 0.75. While measured outlet air velocities for reduced-scale and full-scale prototypes differed to some extent (root mean square error of 0.45 m/s), results were nevertheless deemed comparable due to errors introduced by the rapid change in wind speeds and directions at full scale. Future chamber modifications will correct misalignments between data collected from the two scales and prevent observed increases in the chamber’s relative humidity levels during testing.

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Dickler, Sebastian, Thorben Wintermeyer-Kallen, János Zierath, Reik Bockhahn, Dirk Machost, Thomas Konrad et Dirk Abel. « Full-scale field test of a model predictive control system for a 3 MW wind turbine ». Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, n^o 2 (9 avril 2021) : 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00467-w.

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AbstractModel predictive control (MPC) is a strong candidate for modern wind turbine control. While the design of model predictive wind turbine controllers in simulations has been extensively investigated in academic studies, the application of these controllers to real wind turbines reveals open research challenges. In this work, we focus on the validation of a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test. First, the study proves the MPC’s capability to control the real wind turbine in the partial load region. Compared to the turbine’s baseline PID controller, the MPC system offers similar results for the electrical power output and for the occurring mechanical loads. Second, the study validates a previously proposed, simulation-based rapid control prototyping process for a systematic MPC development. The systematic development process allows to completely design and parameterize the MPC system in a simulative environment independent of the real wind turbine. Through the rapid control prototyping process, the MPC commissioning in the wind turbine’s programmable logic controller can be realized within a few hours without any modifications required in the field. Thus, this study establishes the proof of concept for a linear time-variant MPC system for a 3 MW wind turbine in a full-scale field test and bridges the gap between the control design and field testing of MPC systems for wind turbines in the multi-megawatt range.

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HIGASHI, Shoji, Kenji HARADA, Hiroshi NITAO, Noriyuki HASHIMOTO, Akihiko SUZUKI, Yukiharu HATSUYAMA, Kazuyuki TATESHITA, Takahiro SUGANO et Hiroshi NAKAZAWA. « Study on Liquefaction Countermeasure Effectiveness of Lattice-Type Deep Mixing Based on Full-Scale Field Test ». Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 59, n^o 1 (2010) : 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.59.14.

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NAKAZAWA, Hiroshi, Takahiro SUGANO, Masaki ADACHI, Kazuhiro YAMADA, Kazumi OOSAWA, Takashi SHINSAKA et Yoshinobu HARADA. « Full-Scale Field Test on Estimation of Countermeasure for Liquefaction by Densification Method for Runway Pavement ». Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 59, n^o 1 (2010) : 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.59.8.

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Pan, Yucong, Quansheng Liu, Xiaoxuan Kong, Jianping Liu, Xingxin Peng et Qi Liu. « Full-scale linear cutting test in Chongqing Sandstone and the comparison with field TBM excavation performance ». Acta Geotechnica 14, n^o 4 (31 juillet 2018) : 1249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0702-1.

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Kassa, Elias, et Jens C. O. Nielsen. « Dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout : full-scale field test and validation of simulation models ». Vehicle System Dynamics 46, sup1 (septembre 2008) : 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423110801993144.

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Gong, Weiming, Zhitong Zhang, Yifeng Lin, Guoliang Dai et Hao Huang. « Full-scale field test study of bearing characteristics of post-grouting pile for offshore wind turbines ». Ocean Engineering 268 (janvier 2023) : 113451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113451.

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Käpylä, Maarit J., Matthias Rheinhardt et Axel Brandenburg. « Compressible Test-field Method and Its Application to Shear Dynamos ». Astrophysical Journal 932, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5b78.

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Abstract In this study, we present a compressible test-field method (CTFM) for computing α-effect and turbulent magnetic diffusivity tensors, as well as those relevant for the mean ponderomotive force and mass source, applied to the full MHD equations. We describe the theoretical background of the method and compare it to the quasi-kinematic test-field method and to the previously studied variant working in simplified MHD (SMHD). We present several test cases using velocity and magnetic fields of the Roberts geometry and also compare with the imposed-field method. We show that, for moderate imposed-field strengths, the nonlinear CTFM (nCTFM) gives results in agreement with the imposed-field method. A comparison of different flavors of the nCTFM in the shear dynamo case also yields agreement up to equipartition field strengths. Some deviations between the CTFM and SMHD variants exist. As a relevant physical application, we study nonhelically forced shear flows, which exhibit large-scale dynamo action, and present a reanalysis of low-Reynolds-number, moderate shear systems, where we previously ignored the pressure gradient in the momentum equation and found no coherent shear-current effect. Another key difference is that in the earlier study we used magnetic forcing to mimic small-scale dynamo action, while here it is self-consistently driven by purely kinetic forcing. The kinematic CTFM with general validity forms the core of our analysis. We still find no coherent shear-current effect, but do recover strong large-scale dynamo action that, according to our analysis, is driven by incoherent effects.

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Smith, Braden T., Robert A. Moore et Isaac L. Howard. « Density Observations from a Full-Scale, Untrafficked Test Section with Guidance for Dryback Methods ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2630, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2630-17.

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This paper presents a discussion with data on factors related to the in-place density measurement of asphalt pavements. A review of the literature traces changes to asphalt density measurement technologies over the past 60 years. Two phases of investigation then are presented in which in-place density was evaluated for an ongoing study of environmental effects at a test section in Columbus, Mississippi. A series of laboratory and field activities was performed in Phase 1. In Phase 2, studies were made of laboratory drying practices of specimens that were cored after an extended period of field aging. The key conclusion from these efforts was that ASTM D7227 might not remove sufficient moisture from some specimens to achieve accurate density measurement when pavements have been exposed to moisture for extended periods of time. This paper presents a case with an average error in air void measurement of 0.9% (measured 9.1% when 10% was correct) for specimens that were cored, dried according to ASTM D7227, and then measured for mass in air 1 day later. This finding is of most concern to rehabilitation and research work in areas in which aggregates have high potential for absorption but is of no concern to new construction projects. Furthermore, the work presented here validated the use of ASTM D7227 in circumstances in which mixtures were exposed to moisture for short periods of time. The work also suggested three options to take to accurately measure in-place density for performance testing of aged pavements that contain high-absorption aggregates (i.e., dry in oven, develop correlation equations, or dry for several weeks).

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Wintermeyer-Kallen, Thorben, Sebastian Dickler, János Zierath, Thomas Konrad et Dirk Abel. « Weight-scheduling for linear time-variant model predictive wind turbine control toward field testing ». Forschung im Ingenieurwesen 85, n^o 2 (1 avril 2021) : 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10010-021-00475-w.

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AbstractModern multi-megawatt wind turbines require powerful control algorithms which consider several control objectives at the same time and respect process constraints. Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising control method and has been a research topic for years. So far, very few studies evaluated MPC algorithms in field tests. This work aims to prepare a real-time MPC system for a full-scale field test in a 3 MW wind turbine. To this end, we introduce a weight-scheduling scheme for a linear time-variant MPC in order to ensure control operation over the entire operating range from the partial to the full load range. We use a rapid control prototyping process, in particular with comprehensive software-in-the-loop (SiL) tests, in order to design and validate the MPC system for the field test.In this contribution, we present the implementation of the linear time-variant MPC with weight-scheduling to be tested in the field test. With the weight-scheduling for the optimization problem inside the MPC, we achieved good performance over the entire operating range of the wind turbine. In the SiL tests, the proposed MPC algorithm achieved loads, comparable to the baseline controller of the wind turbine and improved the reference tracking of the power output and the rotational speed. The proposed linear time-variant MPC with weight-scheduling is fully validated in the presented software-in-the-loop tests and is ready for full-scale field test in the 3 MW wind turbine. We present the experimental field test results of the introduced MPC system in a separated contribution.

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Klipalo, Emmett, Mohsen Besharat et Alban Kuriqi. « Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures ». Buildings 12, n^o 7 (11 juillet 2022) : 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070990.

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Open-topped woven polypropylene cellular containers filled with dense granular ballasts are often used as emergency flood defence structures. The effectiveness of these systems is highly dependent on the interaction with their bedding surface. The characteristics of the foundation will often govern the system’s overall resistance to applied loading imposed by retained floodwater. However, the frictional relationship between polypropylene bulk bag flood defences and common bedding surfaces has not been extensively investigated. This study aims to reduce the reliance on arbitrary static friction coefficients by measuring and presenting actual data obtained through quantitative testing. This study presents the results of full-scale field testing to quantify the frictional resistance generated between filled polypropylene bulk bags and seven common bedding surfaces. Findings resulting from testing each interface scenario are expressed as coefficients of static friction. Test interfaces affording high frictional resistance comprised an unmade gravel road (µ = 0.74) and grass (µ = 0.64). Contrastingly, interfaces generating significantly lower frictional resistance were steel floated concrete (µ = 0.40) and polypropylene plastic (µ = 0.40). Test interfaces involving asphalt (µ = 0.54) and tamped concrete (µ = 0.56–0.58) were also investigated. This study recommends new friction coefficients necessary to characterise the structural stability analysis of bulk bag flood defences with greater accuracy. Practical advice based on experimental observation and field design experience is also given.

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Hu, Jiaxing, Zhengnong Li et Zhefei Zhao. « Full-Scale Measurements of Wind Characteristics on a High-Rise Building during Typhoon Sarika ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010324.

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A full-scale measurement of wind characteristics atop a high-rise building (with a height of 115 m) was conducted during the passage of Typhoon Sarika on 18 October 2016. Wind field characteristics, wind speed, and wind direction atop the building were recorded synchronously, and turbulence intensity, turbulence integral scale, gust factor, and power spectrum were investigated. Meanwhile, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the wind field were analyzed. The stationarity test results of Typhoon Sarika at different time steps are researched in a runs test. And the time-frequency analysis of non-stationary samples of fluctuating wind speed are conducted by wavelet transform, the measured data are valuable for the wind-resistant design of high-rise buildings in typhoon-prone regions.

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Miller, Mark A., Subrahmanyam Duvvuri, Ian Brownstein, Marcus Lee, John O. Dabiri et Marcus Hultmark. « Vertical-axis wind turbine experiments at full dynamic similarity ». Journal of Fluid Mechanics 844 (12 avril 2018) : 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.197.

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Laboratory experiments were performed on a geometrically scaled vertical-axis wind turbine model over an unprecedented range of Reynolds numbers, including and exceeding those of the full-scale turbine. The study was performed in the high-pressure environment of the Princeton High Reynolds number Test Facility (HRTF). Utilizing highly compressed air as the working fluid enabled extremely high Reynolds numbers while still maintaining dynamic similarity by matching the tip speed ratio (defined as the ratio of tip velocity to free stream, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}R/U$) and Mach number (defined at the turbine tip, $Ma=\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}R/a$). Preliminary comparisons are made with measurements from the full-scale field turbine. Peak power for both the field data and experiments resides around $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$. In addition, a systematic investigation of trends with Reynolds number was performed in the laboratory, which revealed details about the asymptotic behaviour. It was shown that the parameter that characterizes invariance in the power coefficient was the Reynolds number based on blade chord conditions ($Re_{c}$). The power coefficient reaches its asymptotic value when $Re_{c}>1.5\times 10^{6}$, which is higher than what the field turbine experiences. The asymptotic power curve is found, which is invariant to further increases in Reynolds number.

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HAMAMOTO, Takuji, Sunao KUNIMATSU, Yoshihiro HIRAO et Masazumi KOBAYASHI. « VIBRATION MEASUREMENT IN FULL-SCALE FIELD TEST OF 6 STORY WOOD FRAMEWORK WALL SYSTEM UNDER INTERNAL EXCITATION ». AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, n^o 61 (20 octobre 2019) : 1149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.1149.

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HAMAMOTO, Takuji, Sunao KUNIMATSU, Yoshihiro HIRAO et Masazumi KOBAYASHI. « VIBRATION MEASUREMENT IN FULL-SCALE FIELD TEST OF 6 STORY WOOD FRAMEWORK WALL SYSTEM UNDER AMBIENT VIBRATION ». AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, n^o 59 (20 février 2019) : 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.215.

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KUNIMATSU, Sunao, Takuji HAMAMOTO, Yoshihiro HIRAO et Masazumi KOBAYASHI. « VIBRATION MEASUREMENT IN FULL-SCALE FIELD TEST OF 6 STORY WOOD FRAMEWORK WALL SYSTEM UNDER EXTERNAL EXCITATION ». AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 25, n^o 59 (20 février 2019) : 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.25.219.

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Schumacher, J. P., J. D. Dowell, L. R. Ribbeck et J. C. Eggemeyer. « Planning and Preparing for the First Subsea Field Test of a Full-Scale Dual-Gradient Drilling System ». SPE Drilling & ; Completion 17, n^o 04 (1 décembre 2002) : 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/80615-pa.

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Atahan, Ali Osman, Murat Büyük, Murat Örnek, Musab Erdem et Yakup Turedi. « Determination of optimum post embedment depth for C120 steel posts using field and full scale crash test ». International Journal of Crashworthiness 24, n^o 5 (18 janvier 2019) : 533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13588265.2018.1479499.

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Li, Bin, Hongyuan Fang, Hang He, Kangjian Yang, Can Chen et Fuming Wang. « Numerical simulation and full-scale test on dynamic response of corroded concrete pipelines under Multi-field coupling ». Construction and Building Materials 200 (mars 2019) : 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.111.

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TIAN, Siyuan, Peixun YU, Junqiang BAI, Xiaofeng REN, Anyu BAO et Xiao HAN. « Analysis of aerodynamic and aeroacoustics of full scale landing gear ». Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, n^o 5 (octobre 2022) : 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224050953.

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The aerodynamic noise of a landing gear is an important source of airframe noise. The analysis of its noise characteristics plays an important role in the design of a low-noise landing gear. Based on the FL-52 acoustic wind tunnel test technology, the coupled scale adaptive model and the acoustic disturbance equation, the results on aerodynamic noise of a full-scale landing gear model are analyzed. The high-fidelity model includes transverse strut, torsion arm, piston rod, wheel and other parts. The characteristics of static pressure distribution, power spectrum density of pulsating pressure, aerodynamic noise source distribution and directivity of overall sound pressure level are analyzed. The noise characteristics of the far-field microphone are compared with the local microphone installed in the wheel cavity. In this way, we characterize the directivity of pure tone in the wheel cavity and understand its contribution to the far-field noise. The results show that the aerodynamic noise of the landing gear can be quantified accurately by the hybrid numerical method. The pure tone has two frequencies inside and outside the wheel of the landing gear: 560 Hz and 960 Hz. The peak of the loudest sound pressure level reaches 136 dB, and the pure tone radiates to the surface of the non-separation area of the wheel of the landing gear. However, the wall pressure spectrum of the points located in the turbulence region shows a wide-frequency characteristic, and there is no obvious pure tone. From the point of view of the far-field noise directivity, the forward noise of the landing gear is larger than the rear noise, and there is a small overall sound pressure level area at the points of 65 and 110 degrees respectively. When the monitoring points are far away, the far-field noise of the landing gear shows the characteristics of wide frequency, and no obvious pure tone appears. The method can provide the technical support for predicting the aeroacoustics of a landing gear and designing a low-noise land gear.

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Lee, Ilwha, Yeong-Tae Choi, Sungho Joh et Juhwan Um. « Deformation characteristics of discontinuous section of quick-hardening concrete tracks under full-scale test ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F : Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, n^o 3 (4 août 2016) : 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715626956.

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A quick-hardening concrete track has been developed to convert old ballast tracks into concrete tracks on operating lines. This method has been utilized to convert urban railways since 1997. With recent increases in train traffic and speed, maintaining track irregularities within design criteria has become essential to ensuring safety. On quick-hardening tracks, track irregularities are predominantly caused by irregular settlement around construction joints. These construction joints are inevitable in quick-hardening concrete; however, they create discontinuous sections that can affect the stable running of trains and structural durability. In this study, full-scale tests were performed with quasi-static and repeated loading on both continuous and discontinuous sections in which the earth pressure acting on the trackbed, accumulated settlement, and elastic displacement were measured. The results obtained indicate that construction joints are disadvantageous in terms of load transfer, settlement, and displacement. Additional field observations conducted on the Seoul Metro Line corroborated the results of the full-scale tests. The overall findings strongly suggest that construction joints on quick-hardening concrete tracks would need to be reinforced.

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