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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Friendship – Germany – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Friendship – Germany – History"

GOESCHEL, CHRISTIAN. « STAGING FRIENDSHIP : MUSSOLINI AND HITLER IN GERMANY IN 1937 ». Historical Journal 60, n^o 1 (15 juillet 2016) : 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x15000540.

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ABSTRACTIn September 1937, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler met in Germany. Millions of ostensibly enthusiastic Germans welcomed the Duce. Here were the world's first two fascist dictators, purportedly united in solidarity, representing the ‘115 million’ Germans and Italians against the Western powers and Bolshevism. Most historians have dismissed the 1937 dictators’ encounter as insignificant because no concrete political decisions were made. In contrast, I explore this meeting in terms of the confluence of culture and politics and argue that the meeting was highly significant. Its choreography combined rituals of traditional state visits with a new emphasis on the personality of both leaders and their alleged ‘friendship’, emblematic of the ‘friendship’ between the Italian and German peoples. Seen through this lens, the meeting pioneered a new style of face-to-face diplomacy, which challenged the culture of liberal internationalism and represented the aim of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany to create a New Order in Europe. At the same time, analysis of this meeting reveals some deep-seated tensions between both regimes, an observation that has significant implications for the study of fascist international collaboration.

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HENTILÄ, SEPPO. « Maintaining Neutrality between the Two German States : Finland and Divided Germany until 1973 ». Contemporary European History 15, n^o 4 (6 octobre 2006) : 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096077730600350x.

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After the end of the Second World War, when Finland sought to redefine its position vis-à-vis Germany, negotiations were dogged by the fact that Finland had been a close ally of Hitler's Germany in 1941–4 in the war against the USSR. In April 1948 Finland signed a Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (FCMA) with the USSR, in which the military articles were based on the need to counter a potential German attack on the Soviets via Finland's territory. Finland's international position was so difficult that it became the only country in the world that did not establish full diplomatic relations with either of the German states. It was also the only country in the world to pursue a policy of absolute neutrality vis-à-vis both Germanys. When the Finnish government offered to host the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) in May 1969, its main preoccupation was the German question, and it succeeded in fending off Soviet pressure to recognise the GDR. In 1973, with West German Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt's Neue Ostpolitik easing tensions with regard to the German question, Finland was able to establish full diplomatic relations with both German states simultaneously.

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Piller, Elisabeth Marie. « The Transatlantic Dynamics of European Cultural Diplomacy : Germany, France and the Battle for US Affections in the 1920s ». Contemporary European History 30, n^o 2 (5 avril 2021) : 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000035.

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The article explores the role of cultural diplomacy in Weimar Germany and France's competing efforts to win the sympathies and support of the United States after the First World War. In the post-war United States, both France and Germany used cultural initiatives to pursue their opposing visions of the new international order: France to maintain and extend wartime cultural alliances beyond the armistice and implement the provisions of the peace treaty; Germany to overturn these very alliances and build a desirable transatlantic ‘friendship’ in line with its efforts to revise the Versailles Treaty. By focusing on the Franco–German rivalry for US affinities, the article calls attention to the transatlantic dynamics of interwar cultural diplomacy. It shows that the emergence of German cultural diplomacy was strongly shaped by French competition for the affections of politically isolationist Americans and that, in general, the rapid expansion of cultural diplomacy in interwar Europe arose from mutual feelings of crisis, starkly competing ambitions as well as the rapid circulation of ideas and practices.

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Laor, Dan. « Agnon in Germany,1912–1924 : A Chapter of A Biography ». AJS Review 18, n^o 1 (avril 1993) : 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400004402.

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In October 1912, the twenty-four-year-old Hebrew writer Shmuel Yosef Agnon embarked on a ship in the port of Jaffa, then Palestine, the destination of his trip being Germany, or, to be more exact, the city of Berlin. Agnon left for Germany in the company of Dr. Arthur Ruppin, known as the “father of Zionist settlement in Eres Yisra'el.” The friendship between Agnon and Ruppin had developed in Jaffa, where Agnon had tutored both Ruppin and his wife in Hebrew. And it was probably with the support of Dr. Ruppin, himself a native of Germany and a graduate of a German university, that Agnon decided to leave Palestine, where he had resided for more than three years, to see the world, which in those days meant Berlin.

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Wingfield, Nancy Meriwether. « Czech-Sudeten German Relations in Light of the “Velvet Revolution” : Post-Communist Interpretations∗ ». Nationalities Papers 24, n^o 01 (mars 1996) : 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408429.

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On 27 February 1992, almost 47 years after the end of the Second World War, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of a re-united Germany and President Václav Havel of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic [the ČSFR] signed a Friendship Treaty between their two countries in the Spanish Room of Prague Castle, the residence of the Czechoslovak president. While this treaty could have signalled a new era of Sudeten German-Czech relations, in fact it did not, as some 2,000 protesters who greeted Kohl and Havel with denunciatory placards following the signing made clear. Why not?

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Hoffmann, Stefan‐Ludwig. « Civility, Male Friendship, and Masonic Sociability in Nineteenth‐Century Germany ». Gender & ; History 13, n^o 2 (août 2001) : 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00227.

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Lang, Ewald. « Biographische Kohärenz in der Wechselwirkung von Philologie und (R‑)Emigration : Wolfgang Steinitz (1905-1967) ». Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 32, n^o 1-2 (2005) : 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.32.1-2.07lan.

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The article portrays Wolfgang Steinitz (1905–1967) as an broad-minded linguist, whose life was determined by the political events in Europe between 1924 and 1967 and by his personal fate as a Jewish scientist, as a German communist of middle-class intellectual origin, and as a refugee to the USSR, Estonia and Sweden, who became an influential figure in the humanities in post-war East Germany. The paper focuses on detecting features of an inner biographical coherence in Steinitz’ oeuvre — despite the outer changes he had to experience with respect to political systems (Nazi-Germany, Stalin’s Soviet Union, Sweden, Soviet-occupied East-Germany/GDR) and scientific fields he had to deal with (Finno-Ugristics, Ostyakology, folklore, ethnology, German studies, and other subjects). The paper illustrates features of biographical coherence emerging from a productive connection of personal motivation and philological method. The way in which Steinitz (1934) analyzed the grammatical parallelisms in Finno-Karelian folk poetry as ‘variations under conditions of contrast’ provides the over-all pattern for the range of scientific endeavours he addressed in his subsequent scientific undertakings. With reference to the personal friendship of the two émigré scholars Wolfgang Steinitz and Roman Jakobson, the paper suggests the life-saving role a commitment to scientific work can play as a balancing pole in difficult political times.

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Lang, Ewald. « Biographische Kohärenz in der Wechselwirkung von Philologie und (R‑)Emigration ». Historiographia Linguistica 32, n^o 1-2 (8 juin 2005) : 149–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.32.2.07lan.

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Summary The article portrays Wolfgang Steinitz (1905–1967) as an broad-minded linguist, whose life was determined by the political events in Europe between 1924 and 1967 and by his personal fate as a Jewish scientist, as a German communist of middle-class intellectual origin, and as a refugee to the USSR, Estonia and Sweden, who became an influential figure in the humanities in post-war East Germany. The paper focuses on detecting features of an inner biographical coherence in Steinitz’ oeuvre – despite the outer changes he had to experience with respect to political systems (Nazi-Germany, Stalin’s Soviet Union, Sweden, Soviet-occupied East-Germany/GDR) and scientific fields he had to deal with (Finno-Ugristics, Ostyakology, folklore, ethnology, German studies, and other subjects). The paper illustrates features of biographical coherence emerging from a productive connection of personal motivation and philological method. The way in which Steinitz (1934) analyzed the grammatical parallelisms in Finno-Karelian folk poetry as ‘variations under conditions of contrast’ provides the over-all pattern for the range of scientific endeavours he addressed in his subsequent scientific undertakings. With reference to the personal friendship of the two émigré scholars Wolfgang Steinitz and Roman Jakobson, the paper suggests the life-saving role a commitment to scientific work can play as a balancing pole in difficult political times.

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Mazzucelli, Colette. « Changing Partners at Fifty ? French Security Policy after Libya in Light of the Élysée Treaty ». German Politics and Society 31, n^o 1 (1 mars 2013) : 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310107.

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The 2011 Libya campaign highlighted the divergence of interests between France and Germany within the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in matters of Middle East and global security. This divergence calls for a reassessment of the meaning of their bilateral cooperation, as defined in the Treaty of Friendship between France and Germany, otherwise known as the Élysée Treaty, signed on 22 January 1963 by Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and President Charles de Gaulle. This article focuses on France, which engaged militarily in Libya cooperating with the United Kingdom as its principal European partner. Germany, for reasons explained by its history, political culture, and the nature of its federal system, chose to abstain in the United Nations vote to authorize the campaign. These differences between France and Germany suggest a contrast in their respective security and, particularly defense, policy objectives on the fiftieth anniversary of the Élysée Treaty.

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Johnson, Jason. « Struggles in "the Stronghold of World Imperialism" ». German Politics and Society 37, n^o 2 (1 juin 2019) : 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370202.

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This article centers on the League of People’s Friendship of the German Democratic Republic. The League, composed of a main organization in East Berlin and national partner societies scattered around the globe, served as a tool of nontraditional diplomacy for East Germany’s ruling communist party across much of the Cold War. This article sketches out the activities of the League’s partner organizations in the U.S.—the first analysis to do so—arguing first that given the variety of challenges and problems the League and its partner organizations faced, the limited success of these groups in the U.S. is, in the end, rather remarkable. Second, this essay argues that these organizations offer further evidence that East Germany was not exactly a puppet state.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Friendship – Germany – History"

LINDGREN, William. « Forget me not : alba amicorum and visual communication of friendship, belonging and emotional communities, 1763–1830s ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/74190.

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Defence date: 21 February 2022
Examining Board: Professor Ann Thomson (European University Institute) ; Professor Giorgio Riello (European University Institute) ; Professor Johanna Ilmakunnas (Åbo Akademi University) ; Associate Professor Samantha Matthews (University of Bristol)
Few materials have preserved so much of the visualisation and friendship-practice of the cult of friendship as the album amicorum (friendship album). The albums earned their name from their role in the practice of friendship, remembrance, networking, and the creation of social communities and identities, and above all the visualisation of the same. This thesis examines the social function of images in friendship albums in the latter part of the centuries-long practice of the genre. It focuses on the years between the end of the Seven Year's War and the period before the German Revolution (1763–1830s), a time period when the album practice became particularly pronounced in the material culture of friendship. The sources for this study are c. 7000 individual entries, from 282 German albums in three collections; the city archive (Stadtarchiv) in Göttingen (180 albums), the city library (Stadtbibliothek) in Nuremberg (67 albums) and the city museums (Städtische Museen) in Jena (35 albums). The aim of the thesis is to identify the shared visual literacy within album communities and explore how and in what way images have been employed to create, maintain and display friendships and social belonging. By analysing common themes, motifs and artistic techniques, the thesis discusses how artistic and thematic choices had the potential to visualise shared emotional ideals and visual literacy, social belonging and aspects of individual relationships and social identity. In addition to materiality, the chapters are divided by theme within which the social aspect of the album images are explored: nature and imagery relating to the natural landscape as a mediator of friendship and belonging; student circles, masculinity and depictions of memberships; the visualisation of the cult of friendship and the complexity of the friendship concept; and remembrance, friendship and the inclusion of mourning iconography.

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Livres sur le sujet "Friendship – Germany – History"

Bethge, Eberhard. Friendship and resistance : Essays on Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Geneva : WCC Publications, 1995.

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Trial by friendship : Anglo-American relations, 1917-1918. Lexington, Ky : University Press of Kentucky, 1993.

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Chotjewitz, David. Daniel, half-human : The Nazis come to power. New York : Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 2004.

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Chotjewitz, David. Daniel half human. New York : Simon Pulse, 2006.

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Max. New York : Roaring Brook Press, 2017.

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Fraenkel, Heinrich, 1897-1986, joint author, dir. Goering : The rise and fall of the notorious Nazi leader. New York, NY : Skyhorse Pub., 2011.

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George Eliot in Germany, 1854-55 : Cherished memories. Aldershot, Hants, England : Ashgate, 2006.

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Changing cultural tastes : Writers and the popular in modern Germany. New York : Berghahn Books, 2007.

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German Soldier Newspapers of the First World War. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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The devil's disciples : Hitler's inner circle. New York : W.W. Norton, 2004.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Friendship – Germany – History"

Lappenküper, Ulrich. « On the Path to a “Hereditary Friendship” ». Dans A History of Franco-German Relations in Europe, 151–64. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230616639_13.

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Lipke, Stephan. « Artistic Interaction between Lev Kopelev, H. Böll and Alexander Solzhenitsyn : Studying the History of Literary Contacts between Rhein and Moscow ». Dans Russia – Germany : Literary Encounters (after 1945), 267–76. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0683-3-267-276.

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The article deals with the contacts between Lev Kopelev, Russian specialist in German studies and literary critic, German novelist Heinrich Böll, and Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. We study the importance of Böll’s works for the perception of Germany in Russia after 1956, and the role of his friendship with Lev Kopelev in the relations between both countries. The article shows how their friendship influenced the way Böll perceived Solzhenitsyn’s works. Böll interprets Solzhenitsyn as a renewer of Socialist realism and as a writer who defends common people against the power of the State. Due to this Böll offers a “progressive” perception of Solzhenitsyn, that goes beyond interpreting him as an anticommunist or a Russian nationalist.

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kovács, Tamás. « On the Margin of a Historic Friendship ». Dans Polin : Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 31, 349–64. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764715.003.0017.

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IN THE AUTUMN of 1939 in the wake of the Polish defeat at the hands of Nazi Germany and the USSR, the Hungarian political leadership decided to admit Polish military and civilian refugees, including a number of Jews, into the Kingdom of Hungary. Over the past seventy years a large number of studies and memoirs have been published on this subject in both Hungary and Poland. While they do not deny that many problems emerged as a result of this flight, a somewhat idealized picture has developed of Hungary during the Second World War as a ‘paradise for refugees’. According to this, not only Polish but also German, Austrian, French, British, and Italian Jews lived together peacefully side by side with the Hungarian people. In turn, the Hungarian public administration ‘took good care’ of them. This image needs to be significantly modified in the light of archival documents....

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Segers, Mathieu. « Around Cologne cathedral (1954-1957) ». Dans The Netherlands and European Integration, 1950 to Present. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728133_ch04.

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Dutch unease with European integration refused to go away. The Common Market – the single most important project in the history of European integration – excluded the UK and therefore the Anglo-Saxon connection so desired by the Dutch. Moreover, kindred spirits like West Germany’s Ludwig Erhard had been outmanoeuvred: during the crucial phase of negotiations for the Rome Treaties, Chancellor Adenauer decided that Franco-German friendship must be prioritised over economic calculations, given the tense international situation (marked by escalating violence in Suez and Hungary and resurgent nationalism ahead of the Saar referendum). Events caught The Hague by surprise once again: behind the scenes, the signing of the Treaties of Rome on the European Economic Community in March 1957 received a lukewarm welcome.

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Harisch, Immanuel R. « 10 East German Friendship Brigades and Specialists in Angola : A Socialist Globalization Project in the Global Cold War ». Dans Transregional Connections in the History of East-Central Europe, 291–324. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110680515-010.

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