Thèses sur le sujet « French diachrony »
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Cruchet, Jean. « Le système des pronoms personnels français : perspective diachronique, typologique et anthropologique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL025.
Texte intégralThis work is motivated by three objectives: (i) describing and explaining the important transformation of the French personal pronoun system, (ii) conceiving the insertion of this local evolution in a global evolutional dynamic of medieval French, and (iii) thinking the possible relations between this linguistic evolution and the anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages. According to previous researches, and grounding on a corpus study, I show that the French personal pronoun system has evolved by following a categorical specialization dynamic. The whole process can be divided in three interconnected phenomena: grammaticalization of subject pronouns, extension of the uses of strong object pronouns (moi, toi, lui, eux) and further grammaticalization of weak object pronouns (loss of the post-position possibility). As a result, the modern system opposes pronouns which are independent of the verb and don't have nominal declension to pronouns which are inseparable of the verb and mark syntactical functions, while the old system opposes subject pronouns to object pronouns. This evolution is then compared to that of two other deictic systems: demonstratives and possessives. This tends to show that in French diachrony, the categorical specialization goes along with the transfer of modal and evaluative markers from grammatical systems to lexicon. In the last part of this work, a parallel between the previous linguistic observations and anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages is proposed. This is achieved by mainly relying on the following publications and ideas: La mesure du monde (Paul Zumthor, 1993) and La mesure de la réalité (Alfred Crosby, 2003), Gustave Guillaume's grammatical number theory, and thoughts by Henri Bergson regarding multiplicity, space and time. Whereas, in the Middle Ages, multiplicity, space and time were inseparable from the concrete and personal experience of subjectivity, these notions progressively became more objective and abstract. At the same time, the French language evolved following a tendency to exclude personal experience from its grammatical structures
Rosenberg, Maria. « La formation agentive en français : les composés [VN/A/Adv/P]N/A et les dérivés V-ant, V-eur et V-oir(e) ». Phd thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för franska, italienska och klassiska språk, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00486981.
Texte intégralHeidinger, Steffen. « French anticausatives : a diachronic perspective ». Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082926.
Texte intégralCette thèse décrit la formation et la diffusion de l'anticausatif réflexif en français et les conséquences de ce changement linguistique pour l'anticausatif non-marqué. Concernant le premier sujet je pose sur la base d'une étude de corpus que l'anticausatif réflexif s'est formé au 12e siècle. De plus je montre que le mécanisme qui en est responsable ne peut pas être déterminé sur la base des données et que la formation peut être modelée soit par réanalyse soit par extension analogique. J'avance aussi l'hypothèse que la sous-spécification de la construction réflexive est une condition nécessaire pour la formation de l'anticausatif réflexif. En ce qui concerne la diffusion de l'anticausatif réflexif, je montre sur la base d'une étude de corpus qu'il s'agit d'un procès lent et irrégulier qui ne s'est pas encore achevé. L'innovation se diffuse continuellement dans le lexique verbal. Il se diffuse de manière parallèle dans différentes classes sémantiques de verbes et non pas d'une classe à l'autre. Finalement, les conséquences de ce changement pour l'anticausatif non-marqué sont discutées du point de vue de la relation sémantique entre l'anticausatif réflexif et l'anticausatif non-marqué. Sur la base d'une étude de corpus, je montre que les deux types d'anticausatifs se distinguent par rapport à leurs propriétés aspectuelles et causales, mais que cette différence n'est qu'une tendance et non pas absolue
Courbon, Bruno. « Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.
Texte intégralThe present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time
Ciry, Guillaume. « Analyse multidimensionnelle des marqueurs discursifs commençant par "si" ». Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0028.
Texte intégralFrom a resolutely classificatory perspective, this thesis proposes a multidimensional analysis of the subclass of French discourse markers which have the particularity of starting with “si” : si je veux, si tu veux / si vous voulez, si on veut, si tu permets, si tu me permets, si vous permettez, si vous me permettez, si je puis / peux dire, si on peut dire, si j’ose dire and si on ose dire. The multidimensional aspect of the study is due to the fact that these markers are polyfunctional: the same unit, in fact, can, for example, sometimes fulfill the function of softener, sometimes that of hardener. The study we propose is structurally multidimensional in that it articulates an approach that is both diachronic and synchronic. In diachrony, we first show the periods in which the markers appeared and then propose a detailed positional and combinatorial analysis. In this same diachronic perspective, we also deal with the question of the selection of the French verb dire for the markers being formed with this archiverb, the syntactic pattern at the origin of the studied units effectively evolving from the Si + Person + Verb scheme to the Si + Person + Verb + (Dire) scheme. To do this, we used the new functionalities of the Frantext 2 database and, within the framework of this exploitation, we set up a methodology that we describe and whose results we present. In synchrony, and on the basis of the exploration of several oral corpora, we offer a focus on two frequent, noticed and remarkable markers in modern and contemporary French, namely si tu veux / si vous voulez and si je puis dire. This approach ultimately allows us to highlight the existence of the French pragmatic-modal couple of vouloir/ pouvoir
Hoelbeek, Thomas. « The spatial expressions containing French 'travers' and Italian 'traverso' : a functional semantic description from diachronic perspective ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209319.
Texte intégralThe period covered consists of four hundred years (from the 16th until the end of the 19th Century). The constructions under analysis conform to the pattern [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], viz. the French expressions 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' and their Italian formal equivalents 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' and 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', without PREP1, is included too). These expressions, and especially their prepositional uses, are assumed to be intrinsically dynamic. However, they are no pure prepositions, in that all of them can be used in at least two different syntactic roles. More specifically, some are principally found as a preposition, and secondarily as an adverb; others behave mostly as an adverb, but also as an adjective; finally, certain expressions exhibit all three types of uses.
The results can be structured around four axes. Firstly, a complete diachronic-semantic description of all uses is given of this set of hardly explored expressions, in order to contribute to a better comprehension of their semantic structure. The study bears on morphological, syntactic, but most of all semantic aspects of the evolutions observed. Secondly, functional concepts such as Guidance, proposed in synchronic research (in particular by Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), and notions we elaborate on the basis of research on Modern French (cf. Somers 1988; and Plungian 2002), in particular Contrast and Deviation, are put to the test. By adopting a diachronic perspective, we assess to what extent these notions are able to describe the semantics conveyed in the past by the expressions under study. Thirdly, this thesis determines in what measure the expressions analysed were subjected to a grammaticalisation process, and why some of them (in particular 'à travers', and, to a lesser extent, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') became significantly more frequent from the 18th Century onwards. We provide elements that point to a more advanced grammaticalisation for certain expressions. Moreover, we determine to what extent the evolutionary trends observed corroborate or, on the contrary, disconfirm various mechanisms considered to be part of the process of grammaticalisation. Finally, a comparison between the evolutions in the two languages under study helps to distinguish between more general and language-specific mechanisms of semantic and grammatical evolution, given that every natural language has a specific way of organising its own modelling of space.
The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the phrases studied and their functioning in the past, but also in present-day French and Italian, providing diachronic observations regarding the functional notions put to the test. Further, it contributes to a better understanding of the grammaticalisation mechanisms of complex constructions. Finally, it shows that typologically related languages may evolve differently in their ways of representing space, and in particular in their semantic distribution of various functional concepts within a group of close constructions./Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine de la sémantique historique romane, et combine des méthodes diachroniques avec des hypothèses cognitives. En analysant des adpositions complexes en français et en italien, son originalité réside dans le fait que, à la fois pour des usages littéraux et métaphoriques, elle applique une approche fonctionnelle à une problématique diachronique, en réalisant une analyse de corpus.
La période traitée est constituée de quatre cents ans (à partir du XVIe jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle). Les constructions analysées sont conformes au modèle [PREP1 (+ article) + travers(o) (+ PREP2)], à savoir les expressions françaises 'à travers (de)', 'au travers (de)', 'en travers (de)', 'de travers' et leurs équivalentes formelles italiennes 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)', 'al traverso (di)', 'in traverso (di)' et 'di traverso (a)' ('traverso (a)', sans PREP1, est aussi incluse). Ces expressions, et surtout leurs usages prépositionnels, sont supposées être intrinsèquement dynamiques. Cependant, elles ne sont pas de pures prépositions, en ce que chacune d’elles peut être utilisée dans au moins deux rôles syntaxiques différentes. Plus précisément, certaines se rencontrent principalement comme préposition, et accessoirement comme adverbe ;d’autres se comportent la plupart du temps comme adverbe, mais aussi comme adjectif ;enfin, certaines expressions présentent les trois types d’usages.
Les résultats s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, une description diachronique et sémantique complète est donnée de tous les usages de l’ensemble de ces expressions qui sont à peine explorées, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de leur structure sémantique. L’étude porte sur des aspects morphologiques, syntaxiques, mais surtout sémantiques des évolutions observées. Deuxièmement, des concepts fonctionnels tels que celui de Guidage, proposé dans des travaux en synchronie (en particulier par Stosic (2002b; 2007; 2009)), et des notions que nous élaborons sur la base d’analyses du français moderne (cf. Somers 1988; et Plungian 2002), en particulier celles de Contraste et Déviation, sont mises à l’épreuve. En adoptant une perspective diachronique, nous évaluons dans quelle mesure ces notions sont en mesure de décrire la sémantique véhiculée dans le passé par les expressions étudiées. Troisièmement, cette thèse détermine dans quelle mesure les expressions analysées ont été soumises à un processus de grammaticalisation, et pourquoi certaines d’entre elles (en particulier 'à travers' et, dans une moindre mesure, 'a traverso/at(t)raverso (a, di, per)') sont devenues beaucoup plus fréquentes à partir du XVIIIe siècle. Nous fournissons des éléments qui indiquent une grammaticalisation plus avancée de certaines expressions. De plus, nous déterminons dans quelle mesure les tendances évolutives observées corroborent ou, au contraire, infirment différents mécanismes considérés comme faisant partie du processus de grammaticalisation. Enfin, une comparaison entre les évolutions dans les deux langues étudiées permet de distinguer des tendances sémantiques et grammaticales plus générales de ceux qui sont plus spécifiques à une langue, étant donné que chaque langue naturelle a une façon spécifique d’organiser sa représentation de l’espace.
En fournissant des observations diachroniques sur les notions fonctionnelles mises à l’épreuve, cette thèse enrichit notre connaissance des constructions étudiées et leur fonctionnement dans le passé, ce qui aide aussi à mieux comprendre leur usage contemporain. De plus, elle contribue à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de grammaticalisation des constructions complexes. Enfin, elle montre que des langues typologiquement proches peuvent évoluer différemment dans leurs modes de représentation de l’espace, et en particulier dans la distribution sémantique de différents concepts fonctionnels dans un groupe de constructions proches.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rebours, Marie-Alice. « Emprunts à l'anglais dans la terminologie du prêt-à-porter en France : entre distinction et appartenance : Etude sur corpus en diachronie 1952-2019 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20091.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is a diachronic study of the terminology of women’s ready-to-wear fashion in French mail-order catalogs since the introduction of the ready-to-wear concept in France in the early 1950s. Our work focuses on English borrowings and English-influenced neologisms, compared with neologisms in our corpus as a whole.Our goal is two-fold: we wish, first, to assess the influence of English in this terminology, and second, to delineate trends and mechanisms specific to this field. Based on a study of neologisms, necrologisms, and stable terms in our corpus, we examine terminological renewal, its mechanisms, and its motivations.We compared sub-corpora approximately five years apart, each comprising the catalogs from the Spring-Summer and Fall-Winter collections of a given year. The terms were collected and studied manually. They were first studied synchronically, using secondary sources to establish their etymologies, their definitions, and their types, according to a typology adapted from the Office québécois de la langue française’s typology of borrowings. Secondly, terms were analyzed diachronically using a three-part methodological framework, consisting of the terms from our corpus, of the visuals from the catalogs, and of expert opinions. These analyses drew on theories from linguistics and sociology, while also considering economic and other factors, such as historical and societal events.Our analyses enabled us to show the importance of the English language in this field, as well as the importance of terminological renewal, both frequently cited in academic works. Our corpus demonstrated neological activity that goes beyond the dynamics of fashion and that supports the hypothesis of regular generational terminological renewal. Finally, we propose a reflection on the need for work – linguistic research in particular – in the field of fashion, given the lack of studies on the subject and the shortcomings of dictionary sources
Alves, Canteiro Julie. « "No Justice, No Peace, No Racist Police" : A diachronic comparative study and analysis of the power relations revealed in French media discourses ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44302.
Texte intégralWang, Yi. « Recherches de linguistique contrastive sur la phrase simple et la phrase complexe dans quelques langues des familles indo-européenne et sino-tibétaine (latin, français, diachronie du chinois) ». Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0015.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to highlight the originality of French (hypotactic) and Chinese (paratactic) languages and the reasons of their differences. Falling within contrastive linguistics mostly theoretical, this study focuses on the comparisons with regard to three aspects. Firstly, the general diachronic comparisons of French and Chinese allow us to better understand the affiliations between Latin and French, between archaic Chinese and contemporary Chinese. Secondly, to show their original character – hypotactic in Latin and French, paratactic in contemporary and archaic Chinese, the comparisons are implemented between French and Chinese, and between their origins, Latin and archaic Chinese, on three syntactic aspects: the word order, the correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions in the simple sentence and the ratio of proposals in the complex sentence. Finally, the comparison of philosophical reflections on language between the Greek antiquity and the Chinese antiquity, and the presentation of cultural divergence between individuality and global nature showing the Western and Chinese intellectual originality, allow us to detect from a philosophical and cultural perspective the underlying reason for their different original characters
Lafond-Zine, Claire. « La négation simple et la négation composée en français préclassique ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040150/document.
Texte intégralThe issue of simple and compound negation morphemes system in French language has always attracted a lot of interest. However, diachronic linguistics tackles this question in an uneven way according to different periods of French language’s history. Thus, although it is regularly mentioned, no detailed study about system of negation in pre-Classical French (1550-1630) exists so far.Therefore, this work has dual benefits for linguistics research: on the one hand it sheds a new light on the question of grammatical markers of negation in French; on the other hand it renews questions on the pre-Classical French language, which has been a topic of growing interest over the last two decades.The goal of this research is first to offer a detailed description of the organisation and operation of the system of simple and compound negation grammatical markers (non, ne, ne…pas, ne…point, ne…jamais, etc.) according to their different usages as they appear in a large text corpus of pre-Classical period (1550-1630). Their competition is also investigated. Morphosyntax and semantic methods turned out to be very efficient, as well as the theoretical framework of language psychomecanics whose postulates allow an in depth analysis of the issues and intricacies involved in this research
Štichauer, Jaroslav. « Nominální sufixální derivace v předklasické francouzštině ». Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-307979.
Texte intégralRideout, Douglas L. « Avoir ou être dans les formes verbales composées : conflits, usages et choix des grammairiens dans l'histoire du français de 1500 à 1789 ». Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10557.
Texte intégralIn contemporary French, the hesitation in the choice between être and avoir as an auxiliary verb in compound verb forms (i.e. the passé composé) of certain intransitive verbs (i.e. tomber), especially in non-standard varieties of French, clearly demonstrates the gap that exists between normative French and everyday spoken French. This hesitation, or uncertainty, in the choice of the auxiliary is not an arbitrary or random characteristics of contemporary French; it falls squarely within a diachronical and cross-Romance trend that can be observed in the French language since its emancipation from Latin. This study, which is based on Grammaticalisation Theory, is an analysis of grammatical discourse from 1500 - the era when the first grammars of French appeared - to 1789 and the French revolution, a period when the language is said to have been standardised and its modern form established. The three centuries that this study covers are divided into four distinct periods, already well established by previous historical studies. These periods are : - The 16th century (1530-1599) - The first half of the Classical Period (1600-1650) - The second half of the Classical Period (1651-1715) - The Enlightenment (1716-1789) For each of these four periods, there are three levels of analysis. First, we identify the grammarians, lexicographers and essayists who, explicitly or implicitly, express their views on the use of the auxiliaries avoir and être in compound verbs forms, as well as, where possible, their native dialect and the model of French (usage) they promote. Second, we summarize the observations and commentaries of each author on the choice of auxiliary in compound verb forms, including any attempts to explain the variation attested during the period. Finally, we look at the description, for each period, of the use of auxiliaries in compound verb forms put forward by historians of the French language. Our study has allowed us to confirm certain established trends related to auxiliary use in compound verb forms in French and to identify others. As well, we identify, or define, the factors that influence auxiliary selection, such as the verbs most likely to alternate between the two auxiliaries, the grammarians who had the greatest influence or who set the groundwork for establishing the norm for this grammatical point, the social contexts in which the grammatical debate took place and the periods during which the concern over auxiliary selection was the most intense.
Troberg, Michelle. « Dynamic Two-place Indirect Verbs in French : A Synchronic and Diachronic Study in Variation and Change of Valence ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17269.
Texte intégralHLAVOVÁ, Lucie. « Francouzské lexikální výpůjčky v italštině - diachronní pohled ». Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-153064.
Texte intégralProšková, Alena. « Francouzský jazyk v českém výukovém prostředí v letech 1847-1948 ». Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342304.
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