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1
Ranquet, Marie. "L'accès aux archives publiques en France. Le droit et la pratique vus par les archivistes depuis 1979." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCP0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'archivistique française est encadrée par plusieurs textes, certains à portée législative, d'autres réglementaire, les premiers d'entre eux remontant à la Révolution française: la loi du 7 messidor an II édicte le principe de l'accès libre du citoyen aux titres conservés. Ce principe est encore bien éloigné du droit d'accès du citoyen à l'information publique, qui émerge réellement avec la loi n° 78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 et le contexte des lois de « 3e génération des droits de l'homme ». Les dispositions de la loi de messidor sont amendées dès le XIXe siècle afin de protéger les intérêts de l'État et des familles. La loi de messidor est abrogée par la loi n°79-18 du 3 janvier 1979, qui pour la première fois pose le principe des délais de communicabilité aux archives publiques dans la loi. La loi de 1979 est abrogée par la loi n°2008-696 du 15 juillet 2008 qui intervient à la suite de vives polémiques surl'accès aux archives de la Seconde guerre mondiale en particulier : si l'existence même des secrets n'est pas remise en cause, l'échéance à laquelle ces secrets doivent pouvoir être levés fait débat.Malgré une idée répandue, des restrictions de plus en plus fortes se font jour sur la possibilité d'accéder aux archives. Des régimes spéciques d'accès comme le secret défense ou le secret médical deviennent peu à peu incompatibles avec le droit général d'accès aux archives.La loi de 2008 suscite de nombreuses interrogations pratiques de la part des archivistes, confrontés à la fois à une modification des délais de communicabilité et à un changement de méthode, la communicabilité étant désormais définie par la sensibilité des informations contenues dans les documents<br>French archives are ruled by several laws and decrees. First of them go back to French Revolution : it is the law of Messidor 7, year II, by which the idea of free access to archives for citizens is brought out. This idea is nevertheless still quite far from the French Freedom of Information act taken in 1978, in the general context of « laws of 3d-generation rights of men ». The Messidor law is amended during the 19th century to take into account the necessary protection of the interests of State and families. It is repealed by the law n°79-18 of January 3d, 1979 ; this law establishes for the first time the principle of terms for accessing to archives. It is in turn repealed by the law n°2008-696 of July 15th, 2008, which comes after decade-long controversy about access to Second World War archives in particular: even if the mere existence of secret is well accepted, the terms themselves under which these secrets should be held expired are a public issue.Despite a well-shared idea, restrictions on archives'accessibility keep getting stronger. Specific access regimes such as classified informations or medical secrecy gradually become conflicting with the general right of access to archives.The 2008 law arouses many practical interrogations among archivists, confronted with a modification of the communicability terms as well as a deep change in method, these terms being now determined by the degree of sensibility of the information rather than by the nature of the document itself
2
Neff, Pamela S. "Freedom of Religion or Freedom from Religion? The New Laicite in France." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1351638370.
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3
Amira, Mostafa. "Freedom of information and women rights." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13509.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper is an explanation of women’s practices in the processes that have led to the formulation, enactment and implementation of laws or policies that enable citizen to enjoy the freedom of information and be informed in the custody of the government.
Freedom of information allows the citizens of any country to have the right of access to official information to held and custody their government thus promoting transparency and accountability. It invokes an obligation on the part of the government to facilitate easy access to information under its docket to publish important information pro-actively and regularly for general public use.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13509
4
Befre, Pierre. "La liberté d'expression des salariés." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020066.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Salariat et liberté d'expression : la contradiction apparaît irréductible. La subordination inhérente à la relation de travail semble en effet exclure l’exercice de cette liberté. Le salarié, parce qu’il demeure citoyen, doit toutefois en jouir de façon effective. Le représentant élu et désigné, parce que le mécanisme de la représentation collective l’exige, doit également le pouvoir. Accorder au salarié une telle liberté peut s’avérer dangereux pour l’autorité de l’employeur ou la survie de l’entreprise. Des notions floues, complexes à circonscrire, telles que l’obligation de confidentialité ou l’abus, peuvent autoriser l’employeur à restreindre l’exercice par le salarié de la liberté d'expression et à le sanctionner. Face au mutisme du législateur et à l’indécision du juge, l’insécurité règne. S’impose alors de dégager une définition plus précise et une articulation plus cohérente des règles légitimant tant l’exercice par le salarié de cette liberté que sa limitation par l’employeur. Bien que périlleuse, cette quête d’équilibre mérite d’être entreprise afin que le caractère nécessaire de cette liberté au monde du travail se révèle. Salariat et liberté d'expression : la contradiction n’apparaîtra qu’apparente<br>The employee status and freedom of expression : the contradiction appears to be irreducible. The subordination, which is inherent to the employment relationship, seems indeed to exclude the exercice of such freedom. The employee, because he remains a citizen, must however enjoy it in an effective way. The elected and designated representative, because the collective representation mecanism commands it, must enjoy it as well. Granting the employee with such freedom may prove dangerous for the authority of the employer and the survival of the company. Vague notions, that are hard to define, such as the duty of confidentiality or the abuse of right, authorize the employer to restrict the exercice of this freedom by his employee and to sanction him. Given the legislative mutism and the judge's indecision, insecurity is prevailing. It therefore becomes essential to draw a more precise definition and a more coherent articulation of the rules legitimating the exercise of this freedom by the employee, as well as its limitation by the employer. Althought it is jeopardous, this search for balance deserves to be attempted, so that it is revealed that such freedom is essential to the world of work. The employee status and freedom of expression : the contradiction will eventually reveal to be only apparent
5
Hsieh, Kuo-Lien. "Freedom of information in the European Union." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29163.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is in three parts. The first and second parts analyse the development of the law and policy on freedom of information in the European Economic Community and European Union between 1984 and 2004. These two parts focus on how the Council, the Commission, and the Parliament enacted and implemented the rules on FOI protection, and on the role of the Community court in this field. The third part examines the roles of the European Parliament and the European Ombudsman, which have supplemented the role of the Court in securing this right. As to the objectives of this project: on the one hand, it seeks to understand the degree of legal protection offered to freedom of information in the Union over the last two decades; on the other, it seeks to identify how the current EU FOI regime could be improved. First of all, we consider the major controversies surrounding FOI law and policy between 1984 and 2004. In particular, this thesis focuses on the extent to which the 2001 FOI Regulation addresses the pre-existing obstacles to FOI protection. Secondly, the exceptions in Article 4(1) and Article 4(2) of the 2001 Regulation can be categorised as mandatory and discretionary respectively, but the distinction between the two provisions is vague. This indistinct dividing line should be removed to end the misunderstanding that the Council, the Commission, and the Parliament are entitled to refuse requests systematically when invoking the so-called mandatory exceptions. Thirdly, we take into account the principles established by the 2001 Regulation, the EC Treaty, or by the Court to guide the interpretation of the exceptions laid down in the Regulation. Fourthly, we argue that the EU legislator should expressly incorporate the principle of proportionality into the 2001 Regulation. Finally, we analyse recent initiatives to adopt a constitution for Europe.
6
Lamble, Stephen. "Computer-assisted reporting and freedom of information /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16917.pdf.
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7
Batters, Elizabeth. "Freedom of Information and the British Political Tradition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505737.
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8
Sawadogo, Rélouindé Béatrice. "Les opérations de regroupement de l'endettement du consommateur." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le crédit de regroupement destiné aux ménages et aux particuliers fait aujourd’hui partie intégrante des crédits régis par le code de la consommation. Dans un contexte de multi-endettement le plus souvent inadapté à la situation financière des débiteurs, le recours au regroupement de crédits s’inscrit dans la recherche de solutions par le débiteur pour résorber son malendettement ou mieux gérer son budget. Favorisée entre autres par la baisse des taux d’intérêt, l’offre de crédit de regroupement tend à devenir un outil de conquête de parts de marché. Demeuré longtemps sans encadrement précis, le regroupement de crédits bénéficie désormais d’un cadre strict et contraignant initié par la loi n°2010-737 du 1er juillet 2010 portant réforme du crédit à la consommation. Un encadrement dont la substance porte sur la définition des régimes des opérations de regroupement et leurs conditions de formation très formalistes et de nature consumériste. Cela traduit des avancées innovantes en la matière mais cette règlementation tient insuffisamment compte des spécificités du regroupement d’où la nécessité d’évoluer vers un cadre juridique spécifique plus approprié. Il est en effet nécessaire d’intégrer dans l’encadrement du regroupement la définition de l’opération, son procédé de mise en œuvre et d’autres aspects tenant au processus de restructuration. Ce qui permettra de définir des droits et des devoirs pour les parties prenantes aux crédits regroupés et de mieux tenir compte de la fragilité du consommateur-emprunteur par des mesures de prévention d’un nouvel engrenage dans l’endettement excessif. Le mécanisme du regroupement étant néanmoins susceptible de résorber efficacement le malendettement, il pourrait être utilisé comme mesure de traitement du malendettement dans le cadre des procédures de désendettement. Cela nécessite la définition de conditions d’ouverture du droit du surendettement aux situations de malendettement et de trouver des sources de financement du réaménagement de l’endettement via le crédit de regroupement que proposerait la Commission de surendettement. A propos, se tourner vers l’un des créanciers prêteurs est préconisé, mais il faudrait envisager la mise en place d’un fonds public spécifique de soutien aux particuliers qui financerait subsidiairement ledit crédit en cas d’exercice par le banquier de sa liberté de refuser le crédit. In fine, même si les différentes mesures de traitement du malendettement et du surendettement sont utiles, il est nécessaire et primordial de trouver de meilleurs outils pour les prévenir<br>The Consolidation of Debts to households and individual customers is now part of the Credit Offer regulated by the French Consumption Code Law.In the framework of multiple debts unfit to the financial situation of the Debtors, the use of debts consolidation is geared towards the search of solutions by Debtors to solve bad debts or better manage their budget. Favored by the decrease of interest rates, the consolidation of debts has evolved as a tool to gain additional market shares. Long Time without any structured monitoring, the consolidation of debts is now structured in a strict and binding framework initiated by the law n°2010-737 of July 2010 amending the consumption debt Law. A framework which is grounded on defining the different types of debts consolidation and the conditions of their creation – This process being very formal and of consumerist type. This entails innovative progress in this area field, but these rules do not take into account the peculiarities of debts consolidation, thus, implying the necessity to evolve towards a more specific legal framework. It is now compulsory to integrate within the framing of Debts Consolidation, the definition of the nature of these operations, their methods of implementation and additional aspects related to the restructuring process. This will allow to define the rights and obligations of the stakeholders to debts Consolidation and take into account the fragility of the consumer-borrower through prevention measures against the threat of falling back into the traps of excessive debts. The mechanisms of debts consolidation is however a potential way to solve excessive debts, it could be used as a healing measure to treat excessive Debts in the framework of deleveraging processes. For that purpose, leveraging one of the creditors can be advocated, but one should also contemplate the setup of a Public Fund to support individual customers, and that would finance alternatively such a credit, if not accepted by the bank.In fine, even though the different treatment measures against excessive and bad debts are useful, it is highly important to find out better tools to prevent those situations
9
Kelly, Nicholas M. "The freedom of information hacked: console cowboys, computer wizards, and personal freedom in the digital age." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6778.
Texte intégralRésumé :
“The Freedom of Information Hacked: Console Cowboys, Computer Wizards, and Personal Freedom in the Digital Age” examines depictions of computer hackers in fiction, the media, and popular culture, assessing how such depictions both influence and reflect popular conceptions of hackers and what they do. In doing so, the dissertation demonstrates the central concerns of hacker stories—concerns about digital security, privacy, and the value of information—have become the concerns of digital culture as a whole, hackers laying bare collective hopes and fears regarding digital networks.
10
McMasters, Paul K. "Freedom of Information is Not Just a Media Issue." Department of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581685.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The John Peter Zenger & Anna Catherine Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1999 / "Freedom of Information is Not Just a Media Issue" by Paul K. McMasters / April 27, 2000
11
Gibbons, Amy. "Classification work and the Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/73050/.
Texte intégral
12
Stavem, Christine M. "A Chronological Analysis of the Freedom of Information Act." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292139.
Texte intégral
13
Tomasin, Marco. "Quantum information with polarization and temporal degrees of freedom." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423242.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work deals with creation, manipulation and detection of quantum photon states, in one and two degrees of freedom, encoded in polarization and time-bin basis. A particular quantum state, an entangled state, carries a wide range of implementations, that are impossible via classical tasks, such as teleportation, dense coding, and quantum communication protocols. One of these tasks, quantum cryptography, allows intrinsically secure transmission of information. Nowadays, quantum key distribution is implemented in intercity quantum networks, by using telecommunication fibers to connect nodes within the network. In future scenarios, photons could travel through greater distances, but, due to losses, fiber links need for quantum repeater, a very demanding engineering solution. An alternative way, is the use of free-space satellite quantum networks.
Here we focus on polarization and time bin degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the photons as a resource for quantum information. In particular we study the possibility to share an hyper-entangled state in polarization and time-bin DOFs between two spatially separated users. In addition we study a new tomographic method, based on compressed sensing, to recover the density matrix of a quantum state when prior information are available.
Typical implementation of time-bin photon source, based on Franson’s scheme, suffers on intrinsic loophole. To overcome that we experimentally demonstrated that with a time-bin source it is possible to obtain a very high visibility in order to violate a chained Bell inequality.
Interference at single photon level through satellite-ground channels is presented here, showing that, temporal encoding is preserved along turbulent channels. With this experiment we show that temporal encoding can be use for a future implementation of satellite quantum communication. Finally, to complete this work, we demonstrate a new method to certified the randomness of a source, useful in many task, such as quantum cryptography by using a polarization entangled photons source.<br>Questo lavoro è incentrato sulla creazione, manipolazione e rivelazione di fotoni, in uno o due gradi di libertà, codificati nel dominio del tempo o della polarizzazione. L’entanglement quantistico può essere usato per una vasta gamma di applicazioni che non sono possibili classicamente, come il teletrasporto quantistico, il denscoding e la crittografia quantistica. Quest’ultima, fornisce un grado di sicurezza incondizionato, poichè basata su leggi fisiche. Attualmente, le reti di comunicazione quantistica sono state implementate a livello cittadino utilizzando fibre ottiche per le telecomunicazioni.
In uno scenario futuro, sarà necessario raggiungere distanze maggiori, ma a causa delle alte perdite, soluzioni basate su link in fibra saranno difficili da implementare. Un’alternativa è quella di utilizzare reti satellitari per le comunicazioni quantistiche.
In questo lavoro ci focalizziamo sulla realizzazione di una sorgente di fotoni hyper-entangled in tempo e polarizzazione. La particolarità di questa sorgente è la possibilità di condividere lo stato tra due utenti spazialmente separati. Inoltre, abbiamo sviluppato un algoritmo di tomografia quantistica basato sul compressed sensing, per la ricostruzione di uno stato con un numero molto limitato di misure. Per poter funzionare, questo algoritmo ha bisogno di informazioni sullo stato di partenza.
Successivamente, vedremo come il loophole dovuto alla postselezione in una sorgente di fotoni entangled in time-bin, può essere superato con una buona implementazione del setup ottico. Infatti nel nostro esperimento è stato possibile raggiungere una visibilità molto elevata, che ha permesso di violare le disuguaglianze di Bell concatenate.
Vedremo inoltre, la possibilità di utilizzare fotoni codificati nel dominio temporale in un canale satellite-terra. Infatti, abbiamo dimostrato che la turbolenza non rovina lo stato inviato, aprendo la strada a futuri sviluppi basati sulla codifica temporale.
Infine, per completare questo lavoro, una sorgente di fotoni entangled in polarizzazione è stata utilizzata per dimostrare un nuovo metodo per la certificazione della randomicità di una sorgente.
14
Maynard, Robert C. "Earthquakes, Freedom and the Future." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1989 / Earthquakes, Freedom and the Future by Robert C. Maynard, The Oakland Tribune / Tucson, Arizona, November 10, 1989
15
Gibbons, Amy Catherine. "Classification work and the UK Freedom of Information Act 2000." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655737.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis develops a new way of thinking about, and examining what is required to make classification do its work. Current studies of classification work define it as the process through which some 'thing' is attributed to, or made to be an instance of, a category. More specifically, classification work is the process of constructing socio-material mediators that will enact categories in such a way that a particular thing can become seen as (or taken as) being an instance of that category. Thus, these socio-material mediators are 'actors' (as defined in Social and Technology Studies (STS) and by Bowker and Star (1999) in particular). As such, these actors have the ability to 'authorize, allow, afford, encourage, permit, suggest, influence, block, render possible [and] forbid' (Latour, 2005: 72) and serve as both enactors and mediators of the associations in which they are embedded. This framing of classification work tends to treat actors (and categories) as pre-existing to the relationship in which they find themselves. It assumes that there is a structure through which categories will reveal themselves to provide a destination for things. In instances where the thing is considered residual to the existing structure, further classification work may be needed to prevent it being dumped in an 'other' category and to create new knowledge. This thesis draws on the work of Barad (2003) and argues that categories and things (which she terms 'relata') do not pre-exist their relations. For a thing to be engaged and tied to a category it has already been entangled in a series of associations. Studies of classification to date embody this understanding by researching how the context in which classifications take place shapes the work conducted. This deconstruction of social-material ties is the foundation of the social constructionist argument, which informs this thesis and its associated research methodology. In this perspective there is a need to open the 'black boxes' in order to reveal how these 'categories' and 'instances' are enacted in order to more fully understand how classifications come to matter and be legitimated. It is argued that in order to address this issue of ongoing enactment we need to understand how and through what classification is made to work in different settings. This is revealed through the examination of the 'thread' that is weaved (or more specifically, enacted) from its initial instance to its corresponding actor. Bowker and Star (1999; 2000) refer to these as 'filiations'. As such one might say that the core focus of this thesis is how filiations are made to work, in order to produce/enact classifications practices. The thesis examines the ways in which classifications are informed by institutional structure and practices at two public bodies through a series of case based vignettes. Specifically this comprised of the work entailed in classifying information, in these institutions, requested under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. These classification practices will be examined in order to explore the necessary conditions required for classification to do its work. In exploring the supposed (or rather enacted) links between entities and the categories in the legislation it is possible to show how a variety of socio-material practices are required to make classification work. Upon reflecting on the empirical material across both sites, this thesis concludes (in agreement with former studies) that the context or space of the classification work is indeed an important factor in legitimating decisions. What is additionally required is an understanding of the performative nature of the socio-material classification practices which enables the actors to enact their obligations under the legislation. Socio-material classification practices are therefore performatively embedded in the production of the filiations in order to fulfil the requirements of the legislation. The thesis shows that it is through the social-material production of filiators (as mediators) that classification (or the implementation of the law) is made to work.
16
Tant, A. P. "Freedom of information : A challenge to the British political tradition?" Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374724.
Texte intégral
17
Dyer, Jr Richard H. "The Freedom of Information Act: Its Use by the Media." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292194.
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18
Byrne, John Alexander (Alex). "The politics of promoting freedom of information and expression in international librarianship." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/555.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1997 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) initiated a project to promote and defend the right to information. This decision to engage proactively with human rights was a radical expansion of the profession's self-conception. Applying an action research methodology, this study traces the development and implementation of the Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) initiative. It traces the origins of the decision, and assesses the outcomes of its first five years as it developed from a project into a continuing and central program of the Federation. Both the internal effects on IFLA and the consequences of the project for the profession of librarianship are explored. The thesis locates the key decision in the history of librarianship, its growth as a profession paralleling the development of libraries as institutions. In turn, the decision is also located in IFLA's own history, and the way it survived and worked to advance the ideas and tools of librarianship amid difficult and changing international environments. The politics of professionalism is at the core of the study. The disturbing innovation which FAIFE represented took IFLA outside its traditional focus on the status and techniques of the profession, postulating a new role for the Federation. By investing librarianship with a higher responsibility, it has gone further than the now widely accepted expectation that professionals will place community interests before organisational and personal interests at all times. The responsibility to promote the fundamental human right to information has been embraced as the key principle underlying and informing library and information service, the touchstone for evaluating professional priorities. This locates the primary purpose of the profession outside the profession's institutional base in a supranational, absolute and almost universally recognised social goal. Adopting these aspirations and this role carried many dangers for IFLA. It would inevitably seem a deviation into politics by some. It heightened the risks of both internal dissent and external criticism. It challenged the habitus of disinterested professionalism by invoking a more interventionist social responsibility for IFLA, its constituent library associations and the broader profession. It drew on evolving and contested understandings of professional responsibilities in a complex global environment and has redrawn the accepted boundaries of professional discourse in librarianship. At least so far, the consequences have been beneficial for IFLA, reinforcing its jurisdiction and strengthening the Federation. As an international federation of professional associations, IFLA faces particular challenges in working across diverse national traditions, ideologies and cultures. Its existence and effectiveness rest primarily on internal cohesiveness. Its capacity to develop the FAIFE initiative into a program without schism, and indeed with growing support, has strengthened rather than weakened its organisational capacities. Through that process IFLA has reinvented itself, to a considerable degree, as a form of transnational social movement organisation. It has developed strong relationships with other civil society organisations while maintaining its position as a respected international professional body. It has strengthened its position by becoming a vigorous advocate for the right to information, thereby becoming an actor in the growing international concern with human rights. This study of a decisive period in IFLA's history offers a rare example of an international professional association in transition. In examining this project to promote unrestricted access to information as the reciprocal right of freedom of expression, the research is a case study of the politics of an expanding sense of professionalism. IFLA's experience is pertinent to a range of other organisations, and is itself part of the realignment of international political discourse in response to the growing influence of international organisations and the priority of human rights in international political agendas.
19
Byrne, John Alexander (Alex). "The politics of promoting freedom of information and expression in international librarianship." University of Sydney. Government and International Relations, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/555.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1997 the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) initiated a project to promote and defend the right to information. This decision to engage proactively with human rights was a radical expansion of the profession�s self-conception. Applying an action research methodology, this study traces the development and implementation of the Free Access to Information and Freedom of Expression (FAIFE) initiative. It traces the origins of the decision, and assesses the outcomes of its first five years as it developed from a project into a continuing and central program of the Federation. Both the internal effects on IFLA and the consequences of the project for the profession of librarianship are explored. The thesis locates the key decision in the history of librarianship, its growth as a profession paralleling the development of libraries as institutions. In turn, the decision is also located in IFLA�s own history, and the way it survived and worked to advance the ideas and tools of librarianship amid difficult and changing international environments. The politics of professionalism is at the core of the study. The disturbing innovation which FAIFE represented took IFLA outside its traditional focus on the status and techniques of the profession, postulating a new role for the Federation. By investing librarianship with a higher responsibility, it has gone further than the now widely accepted expectation that professionals will place community interests before organisational and personal interests at all times. The responsibility to promote the fundamental human right to information has been embraced as the key principle underlying and informing library and information service, the touchstone for evaluating professional priorities. This locates the primary purpose of the profession outside the profession�s institutional base in a supranational, absolute and almost universally recognised social goal. Adopting these aspirations and this role carried many dangers for IFLA. It would inevitably seem a deviation into politics by some. It heightened the risks of both internal dissent and external criticism. It challenged the habitus of disinterested professionalism by invoking a more interventionist social responsibility for IFLA, its constituent library associations and the broader profession. It drew on evolving and contested understandings of professional responsibilities in a complex global environment and has redrawn the accepted boundaries of professional discourse in librarianship. At least so far, the consequences have been beneficial for IFLA, reinforcing its jurisdiction and strengthening the Federation. As an international federation of professional associations, IFLA faces particular challenges in working across diverse national traditions, ideologies and cultures. Its existence and effectiveness rest primarily on internal cohesiveness. Its capacity to develop the FAIFE initiative into a program without schism, and indeed with growing support, has strengthened rather than weakened its organisational capacities. Through that process IFLA has reinvented itself, to a considerable degree, as a form of transnational social movement organisation. It has developed strong relationships with other civil society organisations while maintaining its position as a respected international professional body. It has strengthened its position by becoming a vigorous advocate for the right to information, thereby becoming an actor in the growing international concern with human rights. This study of a decisive period in IFLA�s history offers a rare example of an international professional association in transition. In examining this project to promote unrestricted access to information as the reciprocal right of freedom of expression, the research is a case study of the politics of an expanding sense of professionalism. IFLA�s experience is pertinent to a range of other organisations, and is itself part of the realignment of international political discourse in response to the growing influence of international organisations and the priority of human rights in international political agendas.
20
Guile, Andrea Mia Saturno. "A study of accountability and open government in Hong Kong." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14034736.
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Repeta, Lawrence. "The Birth of Freedom of Information Act in Japan: Kanagawa 1982." MIT Japan Program, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7539.
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Sebina, P. M. I. M. "Freedom of Information and records management : a learning curve for Botswana." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445052/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Freedom of Information (FOI) legislation is mostly adopted on the presumption that good records management exists. However, it is pertinent that the functionality of records management in the creation, management and making records available for access internally within government and externally to citizens be established as the legislation is being planned for. Through the planning process, the capacities of records management in providing access to information will be known. This study employs a Grounded Theory based methodology on data collected from Botswana, Ireland, Malawi, South Africa and the UK to discern Botswana's preparedness for FOI legislation in line with the country's national aspiration, Vision 2016. It also uses the same data to unearth relationships that exist between records management and FOI legislation. The study has established that constitutional guarantees on access to information are an inadequate measure to enable citizens to gain direct access to official information. As a result, countries which regulate access to information through the guarantees have to adopt FOI legislation so as to effectuate them. The adoption of the legislation should be founded on the democratic ideal of enhancing the capacity of citizens in developing and offering informed consent including improving their participation in their governance. The law should also be predicated on the obligation of government in accounting to citizens as well as empowering them to hold it to account. In addition, the law should be based on an environment which would enable citizens to formulate, develop and demonstrate trust in the governance process. Lastly FOI legislation should be built on a good records management system which will provide an assurance that the governance process is well documented, and its records can be availed for access. Through the diverse case study countries, the study has established that Botswana is prepared for the adoption of FOI legislation. However, as the country works towards adoption of the legislation, it should strive to evaluate the efficacy of public sector records management.
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Stevens-Uninsky, Maya. "Engagement and understanding: pregnant adolescents and health information in Freedom Park." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20962.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Adolescent and young adult pregnancy is a major sexual health issue for vulnerable young women in South Africa. Beginning by examining the origins of adolescent pregnancy in South Africa, this paper then proceeds to examine the various sources of health information accessible to adolescent women, and how said information is used. Finally, it examines the disconnect between know ledge and use of health information, and the role this plays in high levels of adolescent pregnancy. This independent research examines how adolescent women in the South African township of Mitchells Plain, Cape Town (specifically the neighbourhood of Freedom Park) understand and engage with the limited health information at their disposal. Through a qualitative research process resulting in interview analysis, this article explores how vulnerable young women internalize, believe, and use health information, in order to better understand the causes of adolescent pregnancy and risky sexual behaviour. Participants were adolescent (18 -¬‐ 20) women, who were residents of Freedom Park, (a neighbourhood in Mitchells Plain) and were either pregnant or had a child. Demographic screening tools (n=31) were used to select participants for semi -¬‐ structured interviews (n=30). Interviews were later transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVIVO. In this Freedom Park sample, the ability of young women to internalize and act upon information about sexuality and health varied depending on who proffered that information and how those individuals were perceived by the recipient. In the research, three key factors emerged as impacting the internalization and later use of reproductive health information. First, for both sources of health information and for recipients, life experience s played a critical role in making information more relatable and therefore easier to internalize, believe and use. Second, the perceived trustworthiness of the source of information made the knowledge more believable and relevant to the recipient. Finally, high levels of comfort in discussing sexual health with the source of information made information more easily internalized, while fear of negative judgment from sources reduced comfort and discussions of sexual health. The research suggests that efforts to reduce instances of adolescent pregnancy in South Africa should pay close attention to who delivers information about health and sexuality. To be effective, young women should feel they share experiences with, trust in, and are comfort able with sources of information. Future research should pursue how improving adolescent's engagement with health information through feelings of belonging, self ‐ efficacy, and empowerment can improve understanding, trust, and utilization of health information.
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Montastruc-Depoutre, Sophie. "Droit, information et médicaments." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10033.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Notion fondamentale du droit pharmaceutique, le médicament qui n’est pas un produit de consommation comme les autres puisque sa vocation est d’améliorer la santé des êtres humains, implique la mise en œuvre d’une réglementation rigoureuse. Depuis quelques années la question de l’information sur les médicaments est au cœur des principales préoccupations des patients. On le voit, l’information sur les médicaments est aujourd’hui une des questions majeures de santé publique. L’affaire du Notion fondamentale du droit pharmaceutique, le médicament qui n’est pas un produit de consommation comme les autres puisque sa vocation est d’améliorer la santé des êtres humains, implique la mise en œuvre d’une réglementation rigoureuse. Depuis quelques années la question de l’information sur les médicaments est au cœur des principales préoccupations des patients. On le voit, l’information sur les médicaments est aujourd’hui une des questions majeures de santé publique. L’affaire du Médiator® a récemment mis en exergue les problématiques liées à l’information sur les médicaments. Le droit tente d’apporter des réponses concrètes à cette problématique en tenant compte du particularisme lié à la nature même du produit : le médicament. Pourtant, bien que le droit ait apporté un certain nombre de réponses, force est de constater qu’il subsiste aujourd’hui de nombreuses lacunes pouvant donner lieu à des drames sanitaires tels que l’affaire du Médiator®<br>Drugs are important topics in pharmaceutical law. Drugs are not a consummation product like others since their main goal is to improve human health. Thus, their development and use require specific rigorous regulations. Since several years, drug information is largely discussed by patients and their associations. Drug information appears to be now one of the most important questions of public health. The French Mediator® affair underlines the specific problems about drug information. Pharmaceutical law intents to give practical responses to this topic, including the specific characteristics of the involved product, drug. However, although pharmaceutical law brought some important answers, several difficulties still persist today, thus allowing the potential occurrence of other Mediator® affairs
25
Tsang, Elsie. "Accountability or secrecy : a study of the government's access to information policy /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17507777.
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Lidberg, Johan. "'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation." Thesis, Lidberg, Johan (2006) 'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/157/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic 'right of passage'. No FOI, no 'proper' democracy.
The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI?
To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists.
The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.
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Lidberg, Johan. "'Keeping the bastards honest' : the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation /." Lidberg, Johan (2006) 'Keeping the bastards honest': the promise and practice of freedom of information legislation. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/157/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic 'right of passage'. No FOI, no 'proper' democracy.
The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI?
To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists.
The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.
28
Ebrahim, Fatima. "The Promotion of Access to Information Act: a blunt sword in the fight for freedom of information." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8327_1362392353.
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Dang, Trung Ha. "Adopting Freedom of Information Law and the Quest for the Right of Access to Information in Vietnam." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380294.
Texte intégralRésumé :
People have the right to know. More than one hundred countries have adopted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws that provide legal guarantees for protecting the right of access to information (ATI). The passage and further implementation by Vietnam of an FOI law, namely the Law on Access to Information No.104/2016/QH13 (hereinafter referred to as “the LATI 2016”), adopted in April 2016, can possibly enhance the right of ATI in that country. The LATI 2016 was passed with the purpose of providing „for the exercise of the citizens' right of access to information‟1. As such the law is expected to be a turning point for accelerating the enforcement of the right of ATI in Vietnam when it takes effect on July 1, 2018. This study examines whether or not this expectation is justified and if the requisite conditions prevail in Vietnam for implementing a system that gives people access to information.
There is a growing evidence of a consensus that access to certain kinds of information needs to be considered either as a human right or in the context of rights that citizens should have to prosper in their country. This study takes a rights-based approach, and argues that it provides a useful theoretical foundation for investigating the potential impact and implication of FOI laws. The sophistication and level of compliance with FOI laws in countries can vary depending on how aligned they are with human rights ambitions. The alternative instrumentalist approach as to why FOI legislation is enacted ties the regime to pragmatic values, revealing a lack of a consolidation of a theoretical and conceptual framework for understanding and implementing FOI law, and might not go far enough in the cause of protecting the right of ATI.
This study draws on the wider historical, political and economic factors influencing the adoption of the LATI 2016 by Vietnam, which give context for the scope of public disclosure endorsed by the new law and the likely effect of its implementation. It argues that the legal text on its own is overambitious and should not be presumed to create sudden and major institutional changes aimed at securing the right of ATI. The enactment of the LATI 2016 demonstrates a positive transformation in the willingness and the capacity of both suppliers (the state) and demanders (the people) to improve the mechanisms for exercising ATI as a fundamental right of citizens. However, this progress has also been influenced by not only the country‟s economic context but also by the political regime. For the purpose of promoting the right of ATI in Vietnam, the study highlights the need for bottom-up reform, stemming from civil and social demands, rather than a top-down process as has been undertaken over the period of drafting of the LATI 2016. The human rights-based approach taken to ATI in this work indicates that Vietnam is making progress towards deeply reforming their legal framework but much work needs to be done in terms of creating a robust implementation regime.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Law School<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Bachus, Laura E. "Recruitment of Degrees of Freedom based on Multimodal Information about Interlimb Coordination." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406819390.
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Byrne, Alex. "The politics of promoting freedom of information and expression in international librarianship." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/555.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2004.<br>Title from title screen (viewed 8 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Economics and Business. Degree awarded 2004; thesis submitted 2003. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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au, J. lidberg@murdoch edu, and Johan Lidberg. "Keeping the Bastards Honest The Promise and Practice of Freedom of Information Legislation." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070115.121829.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the last decade the number of countries that have enacted Freedom of Information (FOI) laws have increased dramatically. In many respects FOI laws have become a democratic right of passage. No FOI, no proper democracy.
The promises of FOI regimes are far-reaching: access to personal information and increased transparency in the form of third-party independent access to government-held information will prevent corruption and maladministration and encourage the public to participate more fully in the political process. But are the promises borne out by the practice of FOI?
To answer this question this thesis will track a number of real-life FOI requests in five countries. Based on this and other data this project will lay the foundation for the first International Freedom of Information Index, ranking five countries on how their FOI regimes deliver on the promises made. Included in the ranking will also be an evaluation of the legal situation for media whistleblowers and shield laws for journalists.
The thesis will show that it is easier to promise information access than to implement it. It will demonstrate that for most of the countries of study FOI laws serve more as a PR tool projecting an illusion of an informed public, rather than granting real independent access to quality information.
33
Boutouba, Nadia. "La liberté de religion : Perspectives comparées France-Canada." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD033/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En France et au Canada, la liberté de religion constitue une liberté de premier rang protégée par de nombreux textes. Si la France a inscrit dans sa Constitution le principe de laïcité de la République, en revanche, au Canada le droit constitutionnel ne le reconnaît pas mais l'Etat canadien repose en matière religieuse sur le principe de neutralité. Le travail de thèse consistera à comparer notamment les décisions françaises et canadiennes afin de distinguer le raisonnement qui sous-tend chaque approche et ainsi mieux comprendre leur fonctionnement en particulier en ce qui concerne les principes de neutralité (Canada) et de laïcité (France) et leurs conséquences quant à la gestion juridique des revendications religieuses<br>In France and in Canada, freedom of religious beliefs constitutes a freedom of first rank protected by many texts. If France registered in its Constitution the principle of secularity of the Republic, on the other hand, in Canada the constitutional law does not recognize it but the Canadian State rests out of religious matter on the principle of neutrality. The work of thesis will consist in comparing the French and Canadian decisions in particular in order to distinguish the reasoning which underlies each approach and to thus better understand their operation in particular with regard to the principles of neutrality (Canada and of secularity France) and their consequences on the legal management of the religious claims
34
Tsang, Elsie, and 曾芷詩. "Accountability or secrecy: a study of the government's access to information policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965076.
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Brooke, H. "Citizen or subject? : freedom of information and the informed citizen in a democracy." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/15961/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Information is the essence of democracy and the lynchpin of power-ownership. Possession and control of information allows us to demarcate who controls or influences the political system. Freedom of Information (FOI), rooted in Enlightenment values, contains within it a key principle of democracy that there must be access to information (and knowledge) for all equally. My approach in my 25-year journalistic career has been to use FOI as a means of testing the promise and practice of democracy. It serves here as a ‘canary in the coalmine’ to measure how well citizens can access the political system.
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Harrison, Nicholas. "Circles of censorship : La Censure and its metaphors in history, psychoanalysis and literary culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307985.
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Shirazi, Firad. "The impact of ICT expansion on promoting democracy and economic freedom in the Middle East (1995-2005)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10843.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The PhD study has found that ICT expansion has positively influenced democratic freedom, information sharing and dissemination and provides a public sphere for discourse among citizens of the eleven Middle Eastern countries. This thesis also found that ICT expansion positively influences economic freedom in the eleven Middle Eastern countries. However, differences between countries such as the educational attainment of their citizens and institutional resistance to ICT utilization both enhanced and restricted the relationship between ICT and economic freedom in the region
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Cole, Natalie. "Intellectual freedom and the public library : a study of librarians', elected members, and library users' attitudes towards intellectual freedom, and the impact of these attitudes on stock management policy-making and practice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301269.
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Elliott, Anne A. "Rights in Conflict: Freedom of Information versus the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1341505659.
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Tolley, Rebecca. "Diana Vreeland, Freedom of Information Act of 1966, Helen Frankenthaler, Vidal Sassoon, Wilma Rudolph." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://www.amzn.com/0313329443.
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Book Summary:Comedian Robin Williams said that if you remember the '60s, you weren't there. This encyclopedia documents the people, places, movements, and culture of that memorable decade for those who lived it and those who came after.
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Lidberg, Johan. "‘For Your Information’ - The impact of Freedom of Information legislation on journalism practice and content in Western Australia and Sweden." Thesis, Lidberg, Johan (2002) ‘For Your Information’ - The impact of Freedom of Information legislation on journalism practice and content in Western Australia and Sweden. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41196/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines what impact the vastly different Freedom of Information (FoI) regimes in Australia (specifically Western Australia) and Sweden have on journalistic practice and content in the two countries. While there is extensive literature on FoI itself, very little work has been done on the extent to which FoI is utilised as a journalistic tool to obtain information, how it is used, and what impact, if any, it has on the end product – the published stories. The project comprises three separate studies. Two of the studies deal with journalistic practice based on FoI use in two newsrooms (one radio, one newspaper) in Perth, Western Australia and two comparable newsrooms in Karlstad, Sweden. The third study is a content analysis of the two newspapers in the project.
The first chapter outlines the background and compares the different approaches to FoI in Western Australia and Sweden. The chapter also puts the two FoI Acts into perspective by providing an international overview. Chapter two describes the overall methodology of the project and explains its rationale. Chapters three, four and five detail the methodologies behind each study and present the findings. Finally, in the conclusion, the most important findings of the project are summarised and future areas of study are identified.
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Finnegan, John R. "A Free Press: Still Worth the Risks?" Department of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579485.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1986 / A Free Press: Still Worth the Risks? by John R. Finnegan, St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer Press and Dispatch / Tucson, Arizona, October 10, 1986
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Leahy, Patrick J. "Remarks of Senator Patrick Leahy." Department of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581661.
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Winship, Thomas. "A Plea for Literary Journalism." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583004.
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Gannon, Kathy. "2015 Zenger Award Acceptance Speech." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583005.
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Steiger, Paul. "2014 Zenger Award Acceptance Speech." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583006.
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Thomas, Helen. "The View from the White House." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583008.
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Hentoff, Nat. "Our Diminishing Protections." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583025.
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Wicker, Tom. "The Right to Know: An Unending Battle." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1984 / The Right to Know: An Unending Battle by Tom Wicker, Associate Editor, The New York Times / Carefree, Arizona, October 18, 1984
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Roberts, Eugene L. Jr. "Not the Sound, But the Silence." School of Journalism, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/583028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The John Peter Zenger Award for Freedom of the Press and the People's Right to Know, 1987 / Not the Sound, But the Silence, by Eugene L. Roberts, Jr., The Philadelphia Inquirer / Tucson, Arizona, November 13, 1987