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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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Diepenbroek, Charlene, Leslie Eggels, Mariëtte T. Ackermans, Eric Fliers, Andries Kalsbeek, Mireille J. Serlie et Susanne E. la Fleur. « Differential effects of hypercaloric choice diets on insulin sensitivity in rats ». Journal of Endocrinology 232, no 1 (janvier 2017) : 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0265.
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We showed previously that rats on a free-choice high-fat, high-sugar (fcHFHS) diet become rapidly obese and develop glucose intolerance within a week. Interestingly, neither rats on a free-choice high-fat diet (fcHF), although equally obese and hyperphagic, nor rats on a free-choice high-sugar (fcHS) diet consuming more sugar water, develop glucose intolerance. Here, we investigate whether changes in insulin sensitivity contribute to the observed glucose intolerance and whether this is related to consumption of saturated fat and/or sugar water. Rats received either a fcHFHS, fcHF, fcHS or chow diet for one week. We performed a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp with stable isotope dilution to measure endogenous glucose production (EGP; hepatic insulin sensitivity) and glucose disappearance (Rd; peripheral insulin sensitivity). Rats on all free-choice diets were hyperphagic, but only fcHFHS-fed rats showed significantly increased adiposity. EGP suppression by hyperinsulinemia in fcHF-fed and fcHFHS-fed rats was significantly decreased compared with chow-fed rats. One week fcHFHS diet also significantly decreased Rd. Neither EGP suppression nor Rd was affected in fcHS-fed rats. Our results imply that, short-term fat feeding impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity, whereas short-term consumption of both saturated fat and sugar water impaired hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. The latter likely contributed to glucose intolerance observed previously. In contrast, overconsumption of only sugar water affected insulin sensitivity slightly, but not significantly, in spite of similar adiposity as fcHF-fed rats and higher sugar intake compared with fcHFHS-fed rats. These data imply that the palatable component consumed plays a role in the development of site-specific insulin sensitivity.
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Pickering, Chris, Johan Alsiö, Anna-Lena Hulting et Helgi B. Schiöth. « Withdrawal from free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet induces craving only in obesity-prone animals ». Psychopharmacology 204, no 3 (11 février 2009) : 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-009-1474-y.
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la Fleur, S. E., A. J. van Rozen, M. C. M. Luijendijk, F. Groeneweg et R. A. H. Adan. « A free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet induces changes in arcuate neuropeptide expression that support hyperphagia ». International Journal of Obesity 34, no 3 (22 décembre 2009) : 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.257.
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Ahmed, Hijab, Johanna L. Hannan, John W. Apolzan, Oluwatobiloba Osikoya, Spencer C. Cushen, Steven A. Romero et Styliani Goulopoulou. « A free-choice high-fat, high-sucrose diet induces hyperphagia, obesity, and cardiovascular dysfunction in female cycling and pregnant rats ». American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 316, no 5 (1 mai 2019) : R472—R485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2018.
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The main objective of these studies was to characterize metabolic, body composition, and cardiovascular responses to a free-choice high-fat, high-sucrose diet in female cycling and pregnant rats. In the nonpregnant state, female Sprague-Dawley rats offered a 3-wk free-choice high-fat, high-sucrose diet had greater energy intake, adiposity, serum leptin, and triglyceride concentrations compared with rats fed with standard chow and developed glucose intolerance. In addition, choice-diet-fed rats had larger cardiac ventricular weights, smaller kidney and pancreas weights, and higher blood pressure than chow-fed rats, but they did not exhibit resistance artery endothelial dysfunction. When the free-choice diet continued throughout pregnancy, rats remained hyperphagic, hyperleptinemic, and obese. Choice pregnant rats exhibited uterine artery endothelial dysfunction and had smaller fetuses compared with chow pregnant rats. Pregnancy normalized mean arterial blood pressure and pancreas weights in choice rats. These studies are the first to provide a comprehensive evaluation of free-choice high-fat, high-sucrose diet on metabolic and cardiovascular functions in female rats, extending the previous studies in males to female cycling and pregnant rodents. Free-choice diet may provide a new model of preconceptual maternal obesity to study the role of increased energy intake, individual food components, and preexisting maternal obesity on maternal and offspring physiological responses during pregnancy and after birth.
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Joshi, Anil, Fanny Faivre, Susanne Eva la Fleur et Michel Barrot. « Midbrain and Lateral Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Depletion Affects Free-choice High-fat high-sugar Diet Preference in Male Rats ». Neuroscience 467 (juillet 2021) : 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.022.
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Blancas-Velazquez, Aurea, Susanne E. la Fleur et Jorge Mendoza. « Effects of a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet on brain PER2 and BMAL1 protein expression in mice ». Appetite 117 (octobre 2017) : 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.07.002.
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La Fleur, S. E., M. C. M. Luijendijk, M. A. D. Brans, E. M. van der Zwaal, J. K. van den Heuvel, C. Diepenbroek, A. Kalsbeek et R. A. H. Adan. « The importance of choice for the obesogenic properties of a high-fat high-sugar diet ». Appetite 54, no 3 (juin 2010) : 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.104.
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Steele, Catherine C., Jesseca R. A. Pirkle et Kimberly Kirkpatrick. « Diet-induced impulsivity : Effects of a high-fat and a high-sugar diet on impulsive choice in rats ». PLOS ONE 12, no 6 (29 juin 2017) : e0180510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180510.
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la Fleur, S. E., M. C. M. Luijendijk, E. M. van der Zwaal, M. A. D. Brans et R. A. H. Adan. « The snacking rat as model of human obesity : effects of a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet on meal patterns ». International Journal of Obesity 38, no 5 (27 août 2013) : 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2013.159.
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Shapiro, Alexandra, Nihal Tümer, Yongxin Gao, Kit-Yan Cheng et Philip J. Scarpace. « Prevention and reversal of diet-induced leptin resistance with a sugar-free diet despite high fat content ». British Journal of Nutrition 106, no 3 (22 mars 2011) : 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451100033x.
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Chronic consumption of a Western-type diet, containing both elevated sugar and fat, results in leptin resistance. We hypothesised that fructose, as part of the sugar component of Western-type diets, is one causative ingredient in the development of leptin resistance and that removal of this component will prevent leptin resistance despite high fat (HF) content. We fed rats a sugar-free (SF), 30 % HF (SF/HF) diet or a 40 % high-fructose (HFr), 30 % HF (HFr/HF) diet for 134 d. The HFr/HF diet resulted in impaired anorexic and body-weight responses to both peripherally (0·6 mg/kg, assessed on day 65 of the diet) and centrally (1·5 μg/d, assessed on days 129–134) administered leptin, whereas SF/HF-fed rats were fully leptin responsive. At day 70, half the HFr/HF-fed animals were switched to the SF/HF diet, reversing the leptin resistance (assessed 18 d after the diet switch). The HFr/HF diet elevated serum leptin and reduced adiponectin, and levels were restored abruptly at day 3 after switching to the SF/HF diet. These data demonstrate that a diet containing both HFr and fat leads to leptin resistance, while an isoenergetic SF/HF diet does not. Moreover, removal of fructose from this diet reverses the leptin resistance and the elevated leptin, suggesting a cause-and-effect relationship. These data suggest that fructose is the bioactive component of a HF/high-sugar diet that is essential for the induction of leptin resistance.
Thèses sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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Joshi, Anil. « Dopaminergic control of food choice preference and tVTA influence on learned helplessness ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAJ109.
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Cette thèse a étudié, dans un modèle rongeur de la maladie de Parkinson avec lésion bilatérale de la substance noire, la présence de symptômes moteurs et non moteurs, ces derniers couvrant les aspects liés à la prise alimentaire, la douleur et la dépression. Nous avons montré qu’une co-lésion de la queue de l’aire tegmentale ventrale (tVTA) est suffisante pour bloquer ces symptômes de type parkinsonien. Nous avons ensuite étudié l'influence du système dopaminergique sur le choix alimentaire en détruisant sélectivement les neurones dopaminergiques ou leurs champs terminaux et en testant les animaux pour leur réponse à un régime riche en sucre et en graisses. Nous avons observé une augmentation de l'apport en graisses avec la perte des terminaisons dopaminergiques, ou un blocage des récepteurs D1, dans la partie rostrale du noyau accumbens latéral. Enfin, nous avons montré une augmentation de la transmission synaptique excitatrice dans la tVTA associée au développement du désespoir acquis chez le rat. Ces travaux ont ainsi contribué au progrès de nos connaissances sur les systèmes dopaminergiques centraux et le comportement, affectant la motricité, la douleur, la prise alimentaire et l'humeurThis thesis investigated a rodent model of Parkinson’s disease, with a bilateral lesion of the substantia nigra, for the presence of motor and non-motor symptoms, with the latter covering aspects related to food intake, pain, and depression. We showed that a co-lesion of the tail of the ventral tegmental area (tVTA) is sufficient to reverse these parkinsonian-like symptoms. We next studied the influence of the dopaminergic system on food choice by selectively destroying dopamine neurons and their terminals and testing the animals with a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet. We reported an increase in fat intake with the loss of dopaminergic transmission, or the blockade of D1 receptors, in the rostral part of the lateral nucleus accumbens. Finally, we showed an increased excitatory synaptic transmission in the tVTA associated with the development of learned helplessness in rats. Overall, this work has thus contributed to the progress of our knowledge of central dopaminergic systems’ influence on behavior, affecting motor skills, pain, food intake, and mood
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Vileigas, Danielle Fernandes. « Proteoma miocárdico de ratos obesos por dieta Ocidental com disfunção cardíaca ». Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181435.
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Orientador: Antonio Carlos CicognaResumo: A obesidade é uma doença metabólica complexa considerada uma pandemia global e associada à alta incidência de doença cardiovascular. O excesso de tecido adiposo pode promover mal adaptação que resulta em alterações na estrutura e função do coração; no entanto, os mecanismos não estão totalmente elucidados. A proteômica pode fornecer uma compreensão mais profunda do processo fisiopatológico e contribuir para a identificação de novos potenciais alvos terapêuticos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a expressão proteica miocárdica em ratos saudáveis e obesos por dieta Ocidental, empregando duas abordagens proteômicas, para melhor compreender a rede de mecanismos inerentes à disfunção cardíaca na obesidade. Ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em dois grupos: controle (C, n = 13; dieta controle) e obeso (Ob, n = 13; dieta Ocidental) alimentados por 41 semanas. A obesidade foi determinada pelo índice de adiposidade. A função cardíaca foi avaliada pelo ecocardiograma e análise do músculo papilar isolado. A proteômica foi baseada em eletroforese em gel bidimensional (2-DE) juntamente com espectrometria de massa (LC-MS/MS) e cromatografia-líquida em nanofluxo com espectrometria de massa em tandem (nanoLC-MS/MS) seguida de quantificação label-free. Ratos obesos apresentaram aumento do índice de adiposidade e disfunção cardíaca sistólica e diastólica comparados aos controles. Um total de 82 proteínas miocárdicas foram identificadas como diferencialmente expressas entre os grupos ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Obesity is a complex metabolic disease considered a global pandemic and associated with high incidence of cardiovascular disease. The excess of adipose tissue may promotes maladaptation that result in alterations in structure and function of the heart; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a deeper understanding into the pathophysiological process and contribute to the identification of new potential therapeutic targets. Thus, the aim of this was evaluate the myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches to better comprehend the network of mechanisms inherent to cardiac dysfunction in obesity. Male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (C, n=13; standard diet) and obese (Ob, n=13; Western diet) fed for 41 weeks. The obesity was determined by adipose index. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiogram and isolated papillary muscle analysis. The proteomics was based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) along with mass spectrometry identification (LC-MS/MS) and nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) followed by label-free quantification. Obese rats showed increased adiposity index and systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. A total of 82 myocardial proteins was identified as differentially expressed between C and Ob groups using two proteomic strategies, being 43 up- and 39 down-regulated by obesity. These proteins are involved in imp... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Wagner, Jana Louise. « Promoting one low-fat, high-fiber choice in a fast-food restaurant : use of point-of-purchase prompts ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80169.
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This research project investigated a method to promote one low-fat, high-fiber choice in a national chain fast-food restaurant. It is an extension of efforts toward large-scale dietary change. A procedural extension of a prompting strategy was used in an attempt to influence customers to choose a salad. A simple visual and print message based on themes derived from formative and pilot research at the restaurant was presented during two intervention phases of a reversal design. The message, "Be Fit and Healthy; Eat a Low-fat SALAD as Your Meal or Add a Side Salad," was displayed in colorful posters and tent cards which were placed on all the tables. Data from a comparison base in a neighboring town were obtained. A one-month follow-up phase was included in the design. Prices and in-store advertisements were identical in both locations. The existing computerized cash register system was used to obtain accurate, objective data.
Daily and weekly sales percentages of several entrees were obtained. Results of analysis using a correction procedure indicate that when graphically represented, salad sales across phases increased with the introduction of the prompts, and decreased with their removal. In addition, three entrees not represented by associated prompts remained stable across phases. For Salads-combined, results indicate that sales increased about 15% and 9%, respectively, for the first and second intervention phases. Daily temperature during this project was variable. Although a comparison site was used to control for the effects of weather, results indicate that salad prompting may have increased sales more during warmer temperature.
Population demographics were recorded. Analyses of the customer population during this project indicate customers were about equal by gender, and consisted primarily of white, 18-39 years old individuals. The cost for each added salad bought during the intervention was about $.22, and the cost to raise the percent of salad sales, each percent, across the four weeks was about $16.00. Future research should attempt to foster longer term behavior change and integrate multifaceted promotions.Master of Science
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Werner, Tim. « The Effect of High-Carbohydrate, Low-Fat & ; Low-Carbohydrate, High Protein Diets on Physiologic and Performance Variables on Row Ergometry Training ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1140557597.
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Cattet, Marc. « Biochemical and physiological aspects of obesity, high fat diet, and prolonged fasting in free-ranging polar bears ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0032/NQ63852.pdf.
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Ross, Amy Patricia. « Effects of a High Fructose Diet on Physiology and Cognition in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/45.
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Fructose consumption has increased exponentially during the past four decades. The physiological effects of a high fructose diet include obesity and insulin resistance. In animal models, the effects of a high fructose diet on fat distribution are inconclusive in that some studies find increases in body mass and lipids while others find no effect. Recent findings indicate that a high fructose diet causes hippocampal insulin resistance in hamsters, raising the possibility that the diet causes impairments in cognition. The following experiments tested the hypotheses that a high fructose diet alters fat distribution rather than total body mass and impairs hippocampal-dependent memory. Results indicated that the high fructose diet did not affect fat distribution, but did increase plasma triacylglycerides. Interestingly, the diet also impaired spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze, and this effect was correlated with plasma triacylglycerides. These results indicate that a high fructose diet impairs brain function.
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Lawrence, Judy Margaret. « To what extent do socio-economic status, knowledge, and confidence in cooking skills account for young women's choice of a diet low in fat and high in fruit and vegetables : what other factors may influence food choice in this group ? » Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268774.
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Pereira, Manuel Filipe Viana Teotonio. « ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FOR IN-DIE CAVITY USE, SUITABLE TO WITHSTAND ALUMINIUM HIGH PRESSURE DIE CASTING (HPDC) PROCESS CONDITIONS ». Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/243.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Engineering: Mechanical)) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013This research examines the suitability of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for manufacturing dies used in aluminium high pressure die casting. The study was guided by the following objectives: • The reviews of applicable literature sources that outline technical and application aspects of AM in plastic injection moulds and the possibilities of applying it to high pressure casting die. • To introduce AM grown die components in die manufacture. Further, to develop a methodology that will allow industry to apply AM technology to die manufacture. • Revolutionise the way die manufacture is done. The potential for AM technologies is to deliver faster die manufacture turnaround time by requiring a drastically reduced amount of high level machining accuracy. It also reduces the number of complex mechanical material removal operations. Fewer critical steps required by suitable AM technology platforms able to grow fully dense metal components on die casting tools able to produce production runs. • Furthermore, promising competitive advantages are anticipated on savings to be attained on the casting processing side. AM technology allows incorporation of features in a die cavity not possible to machine with current machining approaches and technology. One such example is conformal cooling or heating of die cavities. This approach was successfully used in plastic injection mould cavities resulting in savings on both the part quality as well as the reduction on cycle time required to produce it (LaserCUSING®, 2007). AM technology has evolved to a point where as a medium for fast creation of an object, it has surpassed traditional manufacturing processes allowing for rapidly bridging the gap between ideas to part in hand. The suitability of the AM approach in accelerating the die manufacturing process sometime in the near future cannot be dismissed or ignored. The research showed that there is promise for application of the technology in the not too distant future. In the South African context, the current number and affordability of suitable AM platforms is one of the main stumbling blocks in effecting more widespread applied research aimed at introduction of the technology to die manufacture.
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Le, Roy Tiphaine. « Implication du microbiote intestinal dans l’insulino-résistance et les pathologies hépatiques associées à l’obésité, étude sur modèle murin ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0016.
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L’obésité prédispose à un ensemble de pathologies sévères telles que le diabète de type 2 et les NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Ces pathologies sont caractérisées par une insulino-résistance et une inflammation systémique de bas grade. Récemment, des éléments ont suggéré que ces pathologies sont associées à une dysbiose du microbiote intestinal. En effet, il a été montré que l’administration d’antibiotiques, de probiotiques ou de prébiotiques entraîne une diminution de cette inflammation et une amélioration des paramètres métaboliques. Par ailleurs, il a été constaté que les souris dépourvues de microbiote intestinal (axéniques) sont protégées contre le développement de l’obésité et de l’insulino-résistance. L’objectif de ce travail a donc été i) d’étudier dans quelle mesure l’absence de microbiote intestinal conditionne la réponse métabolique à un régime hyper-lipidique par rapport à un régime standard, ii) de déterminer s’il est possible de transférer la prédisposition aux troubles métaboliques associés à l’obésité par un transfert (transplantation de microbiote intestinal). Nous avons dans un premier temps comparé la réponse à un régime hyper-lipidique de souris conventionelles et de souris axéniques, dépourvues de microbiote intestinal. Nous avons constaté que les souris axéniques sont effectivement résistantes à l’obésité et l’insulinorésistance induites par un régime hyper-lipidiques. Toutefois, elles ne sont que partiellement protégées contre le développement d’une stéatose hépatique, c’est-à-dire une accumulation de triglycérides dans les hépatocytes. Chez les souris conventionelles, ce régime induit une augmentation de l’expression hépatique de gènes impliqués dans la lipogenèse et sa régulation, tandis que le phénomène inverse est observé chez les souris axéniques. Concernant la réponse du système immunitaire, tout comme chez les souris conventionelles, le régime hyperlipidique a induit chez les souris axéniques une augmentation de la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires par les macrophages hépatiques. Les macrophages des souris axéniques demeurent sensibles à la stimulation au LPS sous régime hyper-lipidique, contrairement à ce qui est observé chez les souris conventionelles. Ces résultats permettent de conclure que la réponse à un régime obésogène est profondément modifiée par l’absence de microbiote intestinal. Des différences de composition du microbiote pourraient donc potentiellement expliquer des différences de susceptibilité à l’insulino-résistance et aux NAFLD, ce qui fait l’objet de la deuxième partie de cette étude. Nous avons dans un deuxième temps colonisé des souris axéniques avec le microbiote de deux souris conventionelles ayant présenté des réponses métaboliques différentes à un régime hyper-lipidique. Les deux souris sélectionnées pour le transfert de microbiote présentaient une glycémie à jeun et un indice d’insulino-résistance (HOMA-IR) différents à poids égal. Les deux groupes de souris colonisées ont développé une obésité comparable mais des paramètres métaboliques différents. En effet, les différences de niveaux de glycémie et d’insulinorésistance des souris donneuses se retrouvent chez les deux groupes de souris colonisées. De même, les niveaux de stéatose et d’expression de gènes impliqués dans la lipogenèse sont différents chez les deux groupes de souris colonisées. Nous avons ainsi démontré qu’il était possible de transmettre la susceptibilité aux atteintes métaboliques et hépatiques induites par un régime hyper-lipidique par un transfert de microbiote. Ceci démontre que le microbiote intestinal est à l’origine des différences de prédisposition aux troubles métaboliques observés chez une partie des personnes atteintes d’obésité. ... (suite et fin du résumé dans la thèse)Obesity predisposes people to several severe pathologies, including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease). Such pathologies are characterized by insulin resistance and systemic low grade inflammation. Recently, it has been established that such pathologies are associated to a gut microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, recent studies in mice and human indicate that modulation of gut microbiota composition has beneficial effects on people suffering type 2 diabetes and/or NAFLD. Otherwise, it has been showed that germ-free mice remain lean, normo-glycemic and sensitive to insulin when fed a high-fat diet.The aim of this study was i) to decipher to what extent the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NAFLD depends on the presence or absence of gut microbiota, ii) to determine if the predisposition to metabolic disorders in an obesity context can be transferred via gut microbiota transplantation.We first compared the response of germ-free and conventional mice to high fat diet. Indeed, germ-free mice appeared to be resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, germ-freeness only partially protects against diet-induced steatosis, that is to say accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes. In conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increase of the hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis. The inverse phenomenon was observed in germ-free mice. In order to study the liver inflammation, we isolated and cultivated liver macrophages from the two groups of mice. As in conventional mice, high-fat diet induced an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by germ-free mice liver macrophages. However, germ-free mice macrophages remained sensitive to LPS stimulation, which was not observed in the conventional mice group. This results demonstrates that being devoid of gut microbiota deeply alters the immunological and metabolic responses to high-fat diet. Therefore, differences in gut microbiota composition could explain the differences of susceptibility in diet-induced insulin-resistance and NAFLD.Then, we colonised two groups of germ-free mice with the gut microbiota of two conventional mice the responses of which to high-fat diet were discrepant. The two donors mice presented different levels of fasting glycemia and HOMA-IR index despite a similar body weight. Both groups of colonised mice developped comparable obesity but different degrees of fasting glycemia and insulin resistance. Levels of steatosis and hepatic expression of genes involved in lipogenesis were as well different in the two groups of colonised mice. Hence the results clearly show that the gut microbiota is the cause of the predisposition to diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a higher proportion of lactic acid bacteria, Atopobium, Bacteroides and Akkermansia muciniphila in receiver mice resistant to diet-induced insulin resistance and steatosis, which allow us to hypothesize a protective effect of these bacteria in diet-induced metabolic disorders
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Neville, Nancy Elizabeth. « Textural optimization of reduced-calorie layer cakes using polydextrose and a gum-emulsifier blend ». 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22125.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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The smart baking cookbook : Muffins, cookies, biscuits, and breads. New York : Newmarket Press, 1998.
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Omichinski, Linda. Tailoring your tastes. Winnipeg, Canada : TAMOS Books, 1995.
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Jill, Myers, dir. The essential diabetic cookbook : A comprehensive guide to diet and diabetes with a selection of high-fibre, low fat and low-sugar recipes. London : Thorsons, 1992.
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E, Kowalski Robert, dir. The type 2 diabetes diet book : The insulin control diet : your fat can make you thin. 3e éd. Los Angeles : Lowell House, 1999.
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Updike, Earl F. The miracle diet : Easy permanent weight loss cookbook : fat free, cholesterol free, high fiber. Phoenix, AZ : Best Possible Health, 1995.
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Leighton, Steward H., dir. Sugar busters ! : Cut sugar to trim fat. New York : Ballantine Books, 1998.
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Ballantyne, Penny. Low salt, low sugar, low fat desserts. San Leandro, Calif : Bristol Pub. Enterprises, 1988.
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Cooking the fat-free, salt-free, sugar-free, flavor-full way. Freedom, CA : Crossing Press, 1997.
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Leighton, Steward H., dir. The new sugar busters ! : Cut sugar to trim fat. New York : Ballantine Books, 2003.
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Williams, Jacqueline B. No salt, no sugar, no fat cookbook. San Leandro, Calif : Bristol Pub. Enterprises, 1993.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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McCay, P. B., et L. A. Reinke. « Detection of Reactive Free Radicals in Livers of Ethanol-Fed Rats : Potentiating Effect of High Fat Diets ». Dans Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism, 181–92. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71702-4_33.
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Buturoiu, Raluca, Nicoleta Corbu et Mădălina Boțan. « News Media Consumption and Key Covariates : Media-Related and Socio-Demographic Factors Influencing Media Diets ». Dans Patterns of News Consumption in a High-Choice Media Environment, 87–117. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41954-6_6.
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Aizawa, Tatsuhiko, Koh-Ichi Ito et Tatsuya Fukuda. « Galling-Free Micro-Forging of Titanium Wire with High Reduction in Thickness by β-SiC Dies ». Dans Forming the Future, 1065–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75381-8_89.
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Lachili, B., P. Faure, C. Ribuot, J. Arnaud, M. J. Richard, M. Sève et A. Favier. « Zinc Deficiency Increases the Deleterious Effect of High Fructose Diet on Fetal Development and Free Radical Activity in Rats ». Dans Trace Elements in Man and Animals 10, 536–37. New York, NY : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47466-2_170.
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Park, Taesun, et Kyungshin Lee. « Dietary Taurine Supplementation Reduces Plasma and Liver Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol or a Cholesterol-Free Diet ». Dans Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 319–25. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0117-0_40.
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Neumann, Arne, Lukas Martenvormfelde, Lukasz Wisniewski, Tobias Ferfers, Kornelia Schuba, Carsten Pieper et Torsten Musiol. « Feasibility and Performance Case Study of a Private Mobile Cell in the Smart Factory Context ». Dans Technologien für die intelligente Automation, 183–96. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64283-2_14.
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AbstractIndustrial applications in the era of Industry 4.0 require more flexibility for the integration of new sensors and actuators and also demand high mobility for which wired communication is unsuitable. For the integration of wireless communication systems in an industrial application, guaranteed high Quality of Services (QoSs) is a premise that is not fully covered by wireless systems such as WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee or LTE. For the latter, the evolution to 5G systems as private or public networks is a currently ongoing process.This paper examines the legal and technical requirements to operate a private mobile cell in a smart factory and presents measurements on latency and bandwidth performance of current state of the art hardware as well as the integration in an industrial Layer 2 communication system. The system in use is ready for only low demanding industrial real-time applications but, nevertheless, the advantages of a licensed frequency range for private use become visible. Furthermore, some concepts defined by the 3GPP, e.g. mini-slots and grant free transmission, are pointed out that are expected to enhance the QoS guarantees for industrial traffic.
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Cecchi, Renato. « Georgescu-Roegen, entropia, lavoro, miti ». Dans Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 919–26. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.106.
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Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen was born in Constanța (Romania) in 1906. He was Professor of Economics at the University of Nashville (Tennessee, USA). He died in 1994 in the US. He held that economic calculations should include nature because matter and energy form part of the economic and productive process in a state of low entropy and leave it as high entropy. Because entropy is irreversibly increasing, no natural resource – not even free solar energy – can be considered a ‘fund’. Only matter-energy is a fund, in the strict sense of the term, that is, in a relativistic relation in which matter can transform itself into energy and vice versa. He believed that only work creates value and that those who have worked have been doubly industrious, given that they used their intellect and not only their muscles and energy.
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N. Onyango, Arnold. « Lipid Peroxidation as a Link Between Unhealthy Diets and the Metabolic Syndrome ». Dans Lipid Peroxidation [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98183.
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Unhealthy diets, such as those high in saturated fat and sugar accelerate the development of non-communicable diseases. The metabolic syndrome is a conglomeration of disorders such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose regulation and dyslipidemia, which increases the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increasing globally, and dietary interventions may help to reverse this trend. A good understanding of its pathophysiological mechanisms is needed for the proper design of such interventions. This chapter discusses how lipid peroxidation is associated with the development of this syndrome, mainly through the formation of bioactive aldehydes, such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, malondialdehyde, acrolein and glyoxal, which modify biomolecules to induce cellular dysfunction, including the enhancement of oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling. It gives a current understanding of the mechanisms of formation of these aldehydes and how dietary components such as saturated fatty acids promote oxidative stress, leading to lipid oxidation. It also outlines mechanisms, apart from free radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching, by which various dietary constituents prevent oxidative stress and lipid oxidation in vivo.
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Park, Young W. « Production, Consumption, and Nutritive Value of Cheeses from Cows and Other Mammals ». Dans Handbook of Cheese Chemistry, 250–89. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839169908-00250.
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Cheese has been historically known as a nutritious and energy-rich food in the human diet, containing many nutrients and bioactive compounds. Unlike most other dairy products, the per capita consumption of cheese is increasing, and cheese has a healthy and positive image in many markets and among consumers around the world. Cheese is a rich source of essential nutrients, particularly proteins, bioactive peptides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. In addition, ripened cheese is free of lactose, which makes it suitable for the nutrition of lactose-intolerant individuals. Cheese contains high levels of essential amino acids which contribute to growth and development of the human body. Cheese also has a high calcium content, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, and also reduces blood pressure and helps in losing weight in combination with low-energy diets. Significant quantities of bioactive peptides in cheese lower blood pressure, and conjugated linoleic acid and sphingolipids may have anti-carcinogenic properties. Most varieties of cheese have a higher protein : fat ratio compared to other major foods, where cheese is especially significant in the human diet and nutrition in Western countries.
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Nabbout, Rima. « Ketogenic Diet in Status Epilepticus ». Dans Ketogenic Diet and Metabolic Therapies, sous la direction de Susan A. Masino, Detlev Boison, Dominic P. D’Agostino, Eric H. Kossoff et Jong M. Rho, 91–96. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197501207.003.0011.
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Overall, 15% of status epilepticus cases admitted to the hospital become super-refractory. In adults, super-refractory status epilepticus has a high mortality rate (> 60%). Although the risk of death is low in the pediatric population, the risk of subsequent neurologic morbidity and cognitive problems is high. The therapeutic intervention aims to reduce its duration, mortality, and short- and long-term comorbidities. The ketogenic diet can be effective: the multiple mechanisms of action of KD, lack of interactions with other drugs, and both enteral and parenteral administration possibilities make it a good choice for refractory status epilepticus. The inherent combination of mechanisms can mimic polytherapy, an approach that is suggested to be a good choice. More research and clinical trials are needed.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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Sato, Kenji. « Amelioration of high fat diet-induced obesity in rat by short chain pyroglutamyl peptides in Japanese salted fermented soy paste (miso) ». Dans 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/rowd7909.
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Japanese salted fermented soybean paste (miso) is used as seasonings for traditional Japanese dishes. These products still play important roles in the modern dietary habits of Japanese, while consumption of these products has decreased approximately to 30-50% of consumption since 1975. Miso is produced by a fungi (Aspergillus oryzae) starter, referred to koji. A. oryzae produces a strong protease including both endoproteinases and exopeptidases. Thus, these products contain short chain peptides in addition to free amino acids. However, little was known of their structure and biological functions due to difficulty in isolation. In the present study, pyroglutamyl peptides present in miso were identified by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), detecting precursor ions, which generated immonium ion of pyroglutamyl residue (m/z 84). By using this method, 13 pyroglutamyl peptides were identified in four types of miso. Administration of the water extract prepared from 0.6 g soybean miso/kg body weight/day significantly suppressed high fat diet-induced obesity. A similar effect was exerted by the hydrophobic pyroglutamyl peptide fraction, including pyroglutamyl proline (pEP), pEV, pEI, and pEL. Administration of a mixture of synthetic pEP, pEV, pEI, and pEL in a ratio to that in miso or pEL alone also suppressed the weight gain in a dose dependent manner. It has been demonstrated that high fat diet-induced small intestinal dysbiosis plays critical role in inducing obesity. pEL has been demonstrated to attenuate high fat diet-induced dysbiosis via enhancing secretion of host antimicrobial peptide into lumen. These results suggest that the short-chain hydrophobic pyroglutamyl peptides present in miso are effective in suppressing high fat diet-induced obesity via normalizing dysbiosis.
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Babarykin, Dmitry, Gaļina Smirnova, Svetlana Vasiļjeva, Anna Fedotova, Andrey Fedotov et Natālija Basova. « Evaluation of the biological activity of sugar-free fractionated red beetroot juice ». Dans 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iarb.2022.05.
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In the case of type II diabetes, the most important preventive and therapeutic effect gives a diet with a minimal amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. Vegetable juices are posi-tioned as healthy food, because of the high content of phenolic and other biologically active compounds. However, due to the high glycemic index, juices are contraindicated in obesity, and diabetes, while juices with a reduced glycemic index, are not available on the market. We have developed a technology for the fractionation of red beetroot juice based on molecular mass using ultrafiltration. The resulting fraction stimulates the absorption of iron, increases blood hemoglobin level, and enhances capillary blood flow more effectively than native juice does. Both effects are important for patients with diabetes because the impaired blood supply to tissues and organs is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of diabetic renal failure, blindness, and gangrene. The sugar content in fractionated beetroot juice is 5–7%, which makes its use in diabetes problematic. The purpose of the study was to develop a technology for removing sugar from fractionated red beetroot juice and assessing the safety of its functional properties. The fractionated native red beetroot juice and fractionated fermented juice were studied. Fermentation was carried out using pre-activated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that after 5-day fermentation, the sugar content in the fermented fractionated juice fell to 0.5–0.7%, while maintaining functional activity.
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Lu, Guo-Quan, Meihua Zhao, Guangyin Lei, Jesus N. Calata, Xu Chen et Susan Luo. « Emerging lead-free, high-temperature die-attach technology enabled by low-temperature sintering of nanoscale silver pastes ». Dans High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270709.
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Artene, Diana. « FAT LOSS SOLUTIONS FOR OVERWEIGHT BREAST CANCER PATIENTS WITH SLEEP DISTURBANCES ». Dans Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s2027.
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Objective: Obese breast cancer patients obtain lower pathological complete response rates and experience more neuropathy, anemia, fatigue, and depression during chemotherapy; have more surgical complications such as infection, seroma, implant loss, and lymphedema; more radiation dermatitis and esophagitis; lower disease-free survival and overall survival plus more grade 3 and 4 side effects under anti-HER2 treatments; lower Fulvestrant and Anastrozole efficacy; and more AET-related and Alpelisib side effects; the main impact coming from the fact that these are the main causes of treatment non-adherence and discontinuation. Due to the detrimental metabolic and behavioral impact, the quality of sleep is one of the important patient-related factors that needs to address when addressing obesity-related causes to improve oncologic outcomes. Methods: Seeking fat loss solutions for overweight ER+ breast cancer patients with sleep disturbances, we randomized 50 patients — of which 16 were depressive — to follow a high protein diet (D) or the diet and sleep journal interventions (D+SJ) for 8 weeks. Patients ate only when they were hungry, ate foods that were high in protein, calcium, omega-3, pre-, and probiotics, and wrote a daily food journal. Half of the patients were asked to write a 7-day SJ: the time it took them to fall asleep, the number of awakenings during the night, how much they slept, how much they stayed in bed, and self-perceived sleep quality. They were asked to set their sleeping and wake-up hours based on their SJ answers and to not sleep during the day. Eight patients from the D+SJ group left the study, five being depressive. We measured body composition with a bioelectrical impedance analysis scale. Results: The D group lost 2.31±2.86% of body fat (p=0.000) and 0.76±1.16% of visceral fat (p=0.000) with no differences between patients with or without depression. The D+SJ group improved sleep quality and lost 2.16±2.35% of body fat (p=0.002) and 0.86±1.24% of visceral fat (p=0.005); but depressive patients did not obtain statistically significant results, which may be because of the overtiring effect of the SJ intervention. So, both D and D+SJ interventions improve breast cancer patients’ body composition despite sleep disturbances. Conclusion: SJ interventions improve sleep quality in patients without depression, thereby decreasing weight regain risk.
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Stoin, Daniela, Mariana-Atena Poiana, Calin Jianu, Ileana Cocan et Monica Negrea. « SENSORY AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF GLUTEN-FREE CRUFFINS OBTAINED FROM ALMOND FLOUR AND RICE FLOUR ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s25.37.
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Gluten is present in a variety of foods consumed in everyday life, and due to its dominant presence in the diet, over the years an increasing number of people have started to develop intolerance to it, often causing allergies, sensitivity or coeliac disease. The main objective of this study was to develop a gluten-free product that meets high quality standards to satisfy the consumer. In order to achieve the objective, a product based on almond flour, rice flour with added cranberry powder with high nutritional value and superior technological characteristics was developed. Three Cruffin samples were prepared from rice flour (RF), almond flour (AF) and enriched with cranberry powder, added in different proportions P1(75:25), P2(50:50), P3(25:75), mixed with other ingredients and compared to control cruffins CC (100:0% based on rice flour). Sensory (appearance, aroma, texture, taste, general acceptability) and physico-chemical (weight, volume, specific volume, height, moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate and energy value) properties of the samples were determined. The products analysed showed changes in sensory characteristics depending on the proportion of almond flour added. Following the sensory analysis, the Cruffin sample obtained from 50% rice flour and 50% almond flour and enriched with cranberry powder, was the most appreciated by the evaluators, obtaining for texture (8.200 points), flavor (8.100 points) and taste (8.50 points) a score close to the maximum score, 8.400 for overall acceptability. The physico-chemical characteristics of the analyzed Cruffins varied according to the percentage of added almond flour. The results obtained in this study indicate that the sample with addition of 50% rice flour and 50% almond flour is the best in terms of overall acceptance (8.400 points) and nutritional value (mineral substances � 3.160%, protein � 20.180%, fat � 17.240%) for studied gluten-free cruffins and can be recommended to pastry products manufacturers.
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McCluskey, Patrick, et Pedro O. Quintero. « High Temperature Lead-Free Attach Reliability ». Dans ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33457.
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The increasing demand for electronics capable of operating at temperatures above the traditional 125°C limit is driving major research efforts. Wide band gap semiconductors have been demonstrated to operate at temperatures up to 500°C, but packaging is still a major hurdle to product development. Recent regulations, such as RoHS and WEEE, increase the complexity of the packaging task as they prohibit the use of toxic materials in electronic products; lead being a major concern due to its widespread use in solder attach. In this investigation, a series of Pb-free die attach technologies have been identified as possible alternatives to Pb-based materials for high temperature applications. This paper describes the fabrication sequence used to create attachments with these materials and their resultant microstructure. The long term reliability is also determined by accelerated thermal cycling and physics-of-failure modeling.
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Mallampati, Sandeep, Liang Yin, David Shaddock, Harry Schoeller et Junghyun Cho. « Lead-Free Alternatives for Interconnects in High-Temperature Electronics ». Dans ASME 2017 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2017 Conference on Information Storage and Processing Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2017-74169.
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Predominant high melting point solders for high temperature and harsh environment electronics (operating temperatures from 200 to 250°C) are Pb-based systems, which are being subjected to RoHS regulations because of their toxic nature. In this study, high bismuth (Bi) alloy compositions with Bi-XSb-10Cu (X from 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%) were designed and developed to evaluate their potential as high-temperature, Pb-free replacements. Reflow processes were developed to make die-attach samples made out of the cast Bi alloys. In particular, die-attach joints made out of Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy exhibited an average shear strength of 24 MPa, which is comparable to that of commercially available high Pb solders. These alloy compositions also retained original shear strength even after thermal shock between −55°C and +200°C and high temperature storage at 200°C. Brittle interfacial fracture sometimes occurred along the interfacial NiSb layer formed between Bi(Sb) matrix and Ni metallized surface. In addition, heat dissipation capabilities, using flash diffusivity, were measured on the die-attach assembly, compared to the corresponding bulk alloys. The thermal conductivity of all the Bi-Sb alloys was higher than that of pure Bi. By creating high volume fraction of precipitates in a die-attach joint microstructure, it was feasible to further increase thermal conductivity of this joint to 24 W/m·K, which is three times higher than that of pure Bi (8 W/m·K). Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has so far shown the most promising performance as a die-attach material for high temperature applications (operated over 200°C). Hence, this alloy was further studied to evaluate its potential for plastic deformation. Bi-15Sb-10Cu alloy has shown limited plastic deformation in room temperature tensile testing, in which premature fracture occurred via the cracks propagated on the (111) cleavage planes of rhombohedral crystal structure of the Bi(Sb) matrix. The same alloy has, however, shown up to 7% plastic strain under tension when tested at 175°C. The cleavage planes, which became oriented at smaller angles to the tensile stress, contributed to improved plasticity in the high temperature test.
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Andaque, Gentil A., Olívia Pinho, J. Santos Baptista, Jacqueline Castelo Branco et Elizabete Nunes. « The occurrence of accidents and injury in mining shift worker influenced by food intake, a short review ». Dans 4th Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. FEUP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-279-8_0065-0072.
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Introduction: Identifying factors that contribute to occupational accidents has been a general concern of companies in the present millennium. One of the factors identified is the quality and quantity of food, as well as meals times. In this context, the present systematic review aimed to identify how food intake influences the occurrence of accidents in shift work, with some focus, although not exclusive, on the mining industry. Methodology: The research-based literature was carried out in four electronic databases: Medline/PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science. Have been combined the following words “occupational accident” and “food intake”; “mining injury” and “food choice”; “meal timing” and “workplace”; “eating at night” and “mining injury”;“Circadian rhythm” and “diet shift”; “Food safety” and “ Health risk”; “workplace accidents” and “food choice”. Results: It was possible to identify 24 articles related to food intake. To better understand the analysis, the results were organized into five groups: Author surname and year, Study type, Accidents/injury causes, risk factor, Conditions for accidents/injuries to occur. Through the groups of causes, it was possible to regrouped on three, which facilitated the discussion of the topic; food choice n=10 (42%) articles, eating habits n=9 (37.5%), and emotional commitment n=5 (20.5%), showed the relativity of food intake causes for the occurrence of accidents and illnesses in shift workers. Discussion: The reviewed articles demonstrated that the materialisation of accidents was due to the relationship between food intake and consumption of nutrient-poor foods in shift work. That can develop chronic diseases, metabolic disorders such as blood pressure abnormalities, blood sugar fluctuation (dyslipidemia, dysglycemia), and obesity, neurobehavioural performance. Foods contain high content As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Fe, and Mn above the recommended standards by the FAO/WHO. Sleep disturbance during the 12-hour shift interferes with circadian rhythm and, consequently,with performance. These factors can be related to food and the precarious physical environment, increased workload, fatigue and poor diet, especially at night. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated how food intake impacted workers' health on shifts but did not determine the causes or risk factors contributing to accidents/injuries. Further studies are needed to demonstrate a direct relationship which the risk factor of food intake and causes accidents/injuries.
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SIRING, Janina. « Numerical process design for the production of a hybrid die made of tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 and inconel 718 ». Dans Material Forming. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903131-89.
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Abstract. Dies used in hot forging are subjected to high cyclic thermo-mechanical loads, which lead to die failure. There are various options for increasing the service life of these dies, for example coatings or heat treatments. Another possibility is to adapt the choice of material, which is the focus of this work. For example, the nickel-based alloy Inconel has a higher strength at elevated temperatures compared to tool steel. However, Inconel is difficult to manufacture and has higher material costs. For this reason, a new process design for the production of a hybrid die consisting of Inconel 718 and tool steel X38CrMoV5.3 is presented within this work. To produce the hybrid dies, the two materials are first friction welded and then formed using hot forging. In addition to the numerical process design, experimental tests are also carried out to manufacture such hybrid dies. Furthermore, a numerical parameter study is done to determine the influence of the forging temperature, the forging speed and the initial Inconel thickness on the process parameters. It can be shown that the production of hybrid dies is possible by using the Tailored Forming process chain. The influencing factors investigated change the required press force and also the material distribution of the Inconel in the hybrid die produced. In the future, further experimental tests will be carried out to determine the service life of the hybrid dies.
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Silveira, Rayanne Maria Brandão da, Marcela Marques de Oliveira Gregório, Elza Marcia Targar Yacubian et Laura Maria de Figueiredo Ferreira Guilhoto. « Cardiovascular risk in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy submitted to the modified atkins diet ». Dans XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.728.
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Introduction: The modified Atkins diet (MAD) the carbohydrates are limited to 15–30 g/d and high fat intake is encouraged. It are used in children, being less studied in adults Objectives: To assess the impact of MAD over a 6-month period in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy in terms of reduction in seizure frequency and cardiovascular risk. Methods: Prospective and interventional study.Inclusion criteria:patients aged 18–60 yrs, with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, without surgical indication or in the postoperative of epilepsy surgery. Exclusion criteria were: use of corticosteroids, metabolic diseases, cholecystectomy or nephrolithiasis, inadequate nutrition, uncooperative parents or caregivers and inadequate sociofamily dynamics. All started the diet at a 1:1 ratio and ASMs. Study periods: baseline (P0), six month (P6). Carotid and vertebral Doppler ultrasounds were performed at P0 and P6 in order to assess possible alterations related to of the carotid arteries the intima-media thickness. Results: Twenty patients are being followed up, 12 of which started the MAD, and of these, 6 completed the six-month period of diet therapy and underwent pre and post-diet exams. The 6 patients showed no increase in mean total, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides cholesterol levels.There was no change in the thickness of the myointimal complex of any patient, made by comparative analysis by ultrasonographic exam before and after six months of starting the diet. Four out of 6 patients had >50% reduction in seizures (two seizure free) and two had no change in frequency. Conclusion: MAD for six months in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy had a significant effect on the reduction of epileptic seizures and did not reveal alterations in the myointimal wall of the carotid arteries.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet"
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Gupta, Shweta. Obesity : A Lifestyle Choice or a Disease ? Nature Library, octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/nl.blog.07.
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Obesity isn’t an overnight phenomenon but slowly develops from poor lifestyle choices and an unhealthy diet, which increases the risk of other health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes and even cancer.
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Kanner, Joseph, Mark Richards, Ron Kohen et Reed Jess. Improvement of quality and nutritional value of muscle foods. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591735.bard.
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Food is an essential to our existence but under certain conditions it could become the origin to the accumulative health damages. Technological processes as heating, chopping, mincing, grounding, promote the lipid oxidation process in muscle tissues and meat foodstuffs. Lipid oxidation occurred rapidly in turkey muscle, intermediate in duck, and slowest in chicken during frozen storage. Depletion of tocopherol during frozen storage was more rapid in turkey and duck compared to chicken. These processes developed from lipid peroxides produce many cytotoxic compounds including malondialdehyde (MDA). The muscle tissue is further oxidized in stomach conditions producing additional cytotoxic compounds. Oxidized lipids that are formed during digestion of a meal possess the potential to promote reactions that incur vascular diseases. A grape seed extract (1% of the meat weight) and butylated hydroxytoluene (0.2% of the lipid weight) were each effective at preventing formation of lipid oxidation products for 3 hours during co-incubation with cooked turkey meat in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Polyphenols in the human diet, as an integral part of the meal prevent the generation and absorption of cytotoxic compounds and the destruction of essential nutrients, eg. antioxidants vitamins during the meal. Polyphenols act as antioxidants in the gastrointestinal tract; they scavenge free radicals and may interact with reactive carbonyls, enzymes and proteins. These all reactions results in decreasing the absorption of reactive carbonyls and possible other cytotoxic compounds into the plasma. Consumptions of diet high in fat and red meat are contributory risk factors partly due to an increase production of cytotoxic oxidized lipid products eg. MDA. However, the simultaneously consumption of polyphenols rich foods reduce these factors. Locating the biological site of action of polyphenols in the in the gastrointestinal tract may explain the paradox between the protective effect of a highly polyphenols rich diet and the low bioavailability of these molecules in human plasma. It may also explain the "French paradox" and the beneficial effect of Mediterranean and Japanese diets, in which food products with high antioxidants content such as polyphenols are consumed during the meal.
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JHA, Anil. Revitalising millets in Northeast India : A healthy choice - Policy Brief. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1041.
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Millets have long been a staple of the regional diet in Northeast India because of their durability and high nutritional value. However, the rise in consumption of fine cereals, along with a subpar production system and inadequate compensation for millet farmers, have led to the decline of millet consumption and production. The low volume output is exacerbated by the lack of access to good-quality traditional seeds, fertilisers, and effective farming methods, coupled with changing patterns of climate. Furthermore, poor market demand and a lack of pro-poor policies of the government make millet growing even more difficult. Farming communities have few options for generating revenue since limited efforts have been made to market and link millet-based products to markets. Thus, there is a need to support existing farming practices that generate agrobiodiverse landraces, develop climate-resilient cultivars, and facilitate platforms for the value addition of the product. The existing primary processing of millets is labour-intensive and the lack of proper storage facilities results in poor-quality grains fetching low market prices. Thus, there is a need to develop infrastructure and build the capacity of farmers and other stakeholders along the millet value chain.
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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella et Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Timmons, Shane, Ylva Andersson, Maria Lee et Pete Lunn. What is preventing individual climate action ? Impact awareness and perceived difficulties in changing transport and food behaviour. ESRI, mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mitigating climate change requires large and, by historical standards, rapid changes to policy, business processes and individual behaviour. This report examines awareness of and perceived difficulty with individual behaviour change with respect to two actions associated with high levels of emissions: transport and food choice. A nationally representative sample of 1,200 adults completed an online study about everyday transport and food behaviour, run in September 2023. After completing a diary task about the previous day, participants identified the parts of their day that mattered most for their carbon footprint. Answers were elicited via incentivised, open text questions to prevent pre-set options biasing responses. Participants also answered standard survey questions about their use of various modes of transport in a typical week and their consumption of various foods. Participants who reported wanting to change their transport behaviour and diet ‘to reduce their carbon footprint’ (47 per cent and 42 per cent, respectively) listed reasons why it is difficult for them to do so, again via open text questions.
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman et Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, avril 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.
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Anderson, Olin D., Gad Galili et Ann E. Blechl. Enhancement of Essential Amino Acids in Cereal Seeds : Four Approaches to Increased Lysine Content. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7585192.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cereal seeds are the basis of the human diet, and their amino acid composition is thus of major nutritional and economic importance. Currently, deficiencies in essential amino acids are addressed, when possible, by additionalprotein sources or by supplementing animal feed with non-cereal protein or synthetic amino acids. A number of strategies have been suggested to make cereal flours more complete and balanced sources of amino acids, although systematic examination of such strategies is rare. This project proposed to begin such a systematic examination using four complementary and parallel approaches to increasing wheat seed lysine: 1) Modifying endogenous wheat seed proteins for increased lysine composition. 2) Overexpression of naturally occurring high-lysine proteins in the wheat endosperm. 3) Ectopic expression of proteins in the wheat endosperm. 4) Alteration of free lysine levels in the wheat endosperm. The results of these studies are expected to be wheat lines with increased lysine content and will establish a clearer understanding of the approaches most likely to enhance cereal seed protein quality. Progress is reported for all four objectives, with a significant foundation for further work on two of the objectives (modification of wheat storage proteins and lysine metabolism). Plans for continuing work on all four objectives are briefly outlined.
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Maycock, Barry, Cath Mulholland, Emma French et Joseph Shavila. Rapid Risk Assessment : What is the risk from microcystins in the edible flesh of fish caught from Lough Neagh ? Food Standards Agency, mars 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.slz868.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the Summer and Autumn of 2023, Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland was affected by a cyanobacterial bloom. Testing of water from within the bloom reported high concentrations of one type of cyanobacterial toxin, microcystins. Samples were taken from the Lough of eels, roach, perch, pollan and bream and tested for a range of cyanobacterial toxins, including microcystins, nodularins, anatoxin, cylindrospermopsin and saxitoxin. Each sample comprised 10 fish, and five samples were taken of each species, except for bream for which a single sample was collected. The fish were dissected and the edible flesh, intestine, liver, roe, gonad and/or gills analysed separately. Microcystins were detected at a range of concentrations in the various parts of the fish that were sampled - intestine, liver, roe and/or gills, but were not detected in the edible flesh of any of the fish samples. Averaged across the samples, the highest concentrations of microcystins were quantified in the intestine samples, followed by the liver samples, with low concentrations were detected in the gills and a small number of the samples of gonads and roe. None of the other toxins were detected in any fish sample. The initial analysis for microcystins was of free toxins only. However, there is evidence that microcystins which are covalently bound to proteins are also bioavailable and therefore 22 fish tissue samples, including nine fish flesh samples, were also sent to another laboratory where they were analysed by a method which measures the total concentrations of microcystins, free and protein-bound. The viscera tissue samples chosen for the further analysis were those with the highest concentrations of the free toxins, while the fish flesh samples included 2-3 samples each of eels, roach, pollan and perch. The concentrations of total microcystins found in viscera samples were around one order of magnitude higher than the concentrations of free microcystins that had been measured. However, microcystins were still not detected in the edible fish flesh samples. It is possible that microcystins were not present at any level in any of the fish flesh samples. However, the presence of microcystins in the edible flesh of fish has been reported in the scientific literature, albeit at lower levels than those in the gastrointestinal tract or other parts of the viscera such as liver (Testai et al., 2016). Since microcystins were detected in other parts of the fish sampled from Lough Neagh it is also possible that they were also present in the fish flesh but at levels below the limits of detection of the analytical methods. The limit of detection of the analytical method for total (free + bound) microcystins was 10 µg/kg wet weight. An upper bound dietary exposure assessment was conducted. While a lower bound exposure assessment would assume the microcystins were not present in the edible flesh, i.e. a concentration of 0 µg/kg, the upper bound approach assumed they were present at the limit of detection of 10 µg/kg. The true concentrations may be between these levels. The exposure assessments consider high consumers of fish (97.5th percentile). For eels, consumption data were used from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). For roach, perch, pollan and bream. No consumption data were available from the NDNS and consumption data for trout were used instead as a proxy. The main target organ for toxicity of the microcystins is the liver, though other organs may also be affected. The microcystin most studied toxicologically is microcystin-LR, which is one of the most common microcystins. A WHO review established a provisional tolerable daily intake (TDI) for microcystin-LR of 0.04 µg per kg bodyweight (bw). WHO recommended that exposures to total microcystins should be compared to this provisional TDI, though there is uncertainty with this as individual microcystins are likely to differ significantly in their toxic potencies. Estimated dietary exposures of total microcystins were all within the provisional TDI, indicating no health concern from consuming the edible flesh of these species. Since fish may be caught and prepared for consumption not only by food business operators but by recreational anglers, concern has been raised that evisceration may be incomplete or the edible flesh may become contaminated in the process, and therefore this was also considered in the risk assessment. This was based on the sample of fish which contained the highest concentration of total microcystins in a viscera component, which was a sample of roach with a particularly high concentration of microcystins in intestine. It was assumed that 10% of the relative proportion of intestine to flesh in the fish would be inadvertently consumed with the flesh. In this scenario, dietary exposures would be within the provisional TDI in most age groups or would marginally exceed the TDI, but this would not be toxicologically significant. In addition, since this exposure scenario used an upper bound approach to the concentration in flesh, and used the highest concentration in any viscera sample, it is not clear that there would be any exceedance of the provisional TDI in practice. Overall, it appears unlikely that consumers will substantially exceed the provisional TDI on a long-term basis due to incomplete evisceration of fish. Overall, exposure to microcystins from eating the edible flesh of the tested fish species would not be expected to cause adverse effects in consumers, including if the fish is inadequately eviscerated. Therefore, we consider the frequency of adverse reactions in the general population to be negligible, so rare that it does not merit to be included. Based on the possible levels of exposure to microcystins from fish from Lough Neagh, it is considered that any liver injury, were it to occur in consumers of fish, would result from long term exposure and be mild. Overall, we consider the severity of illness that could potentially occur as a result of exposure to microcystins from consuming edible fish flesh from Lough Neagh to be medium (i.e. moderate illness, incapacitating but not usually life-threatening and of moderate duration). We consider the level of uncertainty to be medium (i.e. there are some but no complete data available), but that this does not affect the conclusion of the risk assessment since many of the key uncertainties are addressed within the risk assessment. However, future monitoring would be useful to assess whether microcystin concentrations in the fish change over time.