Bibliographies : « Fragmented landscapes South Australia Lofty, Mount, Ranges »

1

Mogoutnov, Alena, et Jackie Venning. « Remnant tree decline in agricultural regions of South Australia. » Pacific Conservation Biology 20, n^o 4 (2014) : 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140366.

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Agricultural landscapes in southern Australia were once dominated by temperate eucalypt woodlands of which only fragmented patches and scattered trees in paddocks remain. This study focuses on the decline of scattered trees in the Mount Lofty Ranges and South East agricultural regions of South Australia. A combination of digitized aerial photography and satellite imagery was used to extend a previous assessment of decline undertaken in the early 1980s and increase the period over which decline was assessed to 58–72 years. A total of 17 049 scattered trees were counted from the earliest time period assessed over 11 sites of which 6 185 trees were lost by 2008 — a 36 % decline. Recruitment of 2 179 trees during this period was evident. Imagery indicates that clearing for agricultural intensification is the primary cause of the decline. A range of management options and policy settings are required to reverse the decline notwithstanding the challenges of implementation at a landscape scale across privately owned land.

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Li, You, Melanie L. Lancaster, Susan M. Carthew, Jasmin G. Packer et Steven J. B. Cooper. « Delineation of conservation units in an endangered marsupial, the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus), in South Australia/western Victoria, Australia ». Australian Journal of Zoology 62, n^o 5 (2014) : 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14038.

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Conservation programs for threatened species are greatly benefiting from genetic data, for their power in providing knowledge of dispersal/gene flow across fragmented landscapes and for identifying populations of high conservation value. The endangered southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) has a disjunct distribution range in South Australia, raising the possibility that populations of the subspecies may represent distinct conservation units. In the current study, we used a combination of 14 microsatellite and two mitochondrial sequence markers to investigate the phylogeography and population structure of I. o. obesulus in South Australia and south-western Victoria, with the aim of identifying any potential evolutionarily significant units and management units relevant to conservation management. Our phylogenetic/population analyses supported the presence of two distinct evolutionary lineages of I. o. obesulus. The first lineage comprised individuals from the Mount Lofty Ranges, Fleurieu Peninsula and Kangaroo Island. A second lineage comprised individuals from the south-east of South Australia and south-western Victoria. We propose that these two lineages represent distinct evolutionarily significant units and should be managed separately for conservation purposes. The findings also raise significant issues for the national conservation status of I. o. obesulus and suggest that the current subspecies classification needs further investigation.

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Paull, D. « The distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) in South Australia ». Wildlife Research 22, n^o 5 (1995) : 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9950585.

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This paper describes the South Australian distribution of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus obesulus) on the basis of records of its past occurrence and field surveys undertaken to determine its present distribution. Since European settlement I. o. obesulus has been recorded from four separate regions of the state: the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East, Kangaroo Island and Eyre Peninsula. Subfossil remains show that I. o. obesulus also once occurred on Yorke Peninsula but there is no evidence that it has existed there in modem times. Field surveys conducted between 1986 and 1993 confirmed that I. o. obesulus still exists in the Mount Lofty Ranges, the South East and on Kangaroo Island. Its status on Eyre Peninsula is uncertain. Isoodon o. obesulus is vulnerable in the South East and Mount Lofty Ranges because of habitat fragmentation and predation by feral carnivores. The Kangaroo Island population is less threatened as large areas of habitat have been preserved and the fox (Vulpes vulpes) has not been introduced. The area of potential bandicoot habitat remaining in these three regions totals approximately 190 000 ha, most of which is already managed for nature conservation. This habitat is highly fragmented, occurring as small remnant patches of native vegetation separated by extensive tracts of cleared and modified land cover. The implications of this habitat configuration for the long-term survival of I. o. obesulus are discussed.

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4

Twidale, C. Rowland. « Paul S. Hossfeld and His Contribution to Geomorphology ». Historical Records of Australian Science 23, n^o 2 (2012) : 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12006.

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The received wisdom was and is that landscapes cannot be more than a few millions of years old. Nevertheless, consideration of local geology and age of sediments in adjacent basins convinced Paul S. Hossfeld that the summit surface of low relief preserved on the northern Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia resulted from long-continued planation and that it is of Cretaceous age; that is, some 70 million years old. Hossfeld's apparently intuitive suggestion that very old landscapes exist, recorded in his graduate thesis but not further pursued by him, is the earliest known statement of this idea.

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5

Fritsch, E., et RW Fitzpatrick. « Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models ». Soil Research 32, n^o 5 (1994) : 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940889.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

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Stephenson, Tamsyn, Natasha Speight, Wai Yee Low, Lucy Woolford, Rick Tearle et Farhid Hemmatzadeh. « Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) ». Animals 11, n^o 5 (20 mai 2021) : 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051477.

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Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). The basis for positivity of KoRV was deemed the presence of central regions of the KoRV genome (gag 2, pol, env 1, and env 2) and based on this, 41% (89/216) koalas were positive, 57% (124/216) negative, and 2% inconclusive. These genes showed higher expression in lymph node tissue from KoRV positive koalas with lymphoma compared with other KoRV positive koalas, which showed lower, fragmented expression. Terminal regions (LTRs, partial gag, and partial env) were present in SA koalas regardless of KoRV status, with almost all (99.5%, 215/216) koalas positive for gag 1 by proviral PCR. Further investigation is needed to understand the differences in KoRV infection in southern koala populations.

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7

Fritsch, E., et RW Fitzpatrick. « Colour plates - Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models ». Soil Research 32, n^o 5 (1994) : 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940880.

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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.

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8

Fitzpatrick, R. W., J. W. Cox, B. Munday et J. F. Bourne. « Development of soil-landscape and vegetation indicators for managing waterlogged and saline catchments ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, n^o 3 (2003) : 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00198.

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The objectives of this study were to develop a systematic approach to identify important soil morphological and vegetation field indicators to better target land management in degraded landscapes in a specific region. The authors were able to link the soil-landscape features to the main soil and water processes operating within the landscape. This information was used to develop a set of field indicators (e.g. soil colour) within a user-friendly soil classification key that is linked to land use options to form the basis of a manual. It was shown that information written in this format helped farmers and regional advisers to identify options for remediation of waterlogged and saline areas and to improve planning at property and catchment scales. The authors identified a series of steps to be taken in producing the manual. Steps 1–5 describe the soil layers and construct them in toposequences, which are then used to map soil types in key surrounding areas. Steps 6–9 involve the local community in developing the manual.The paper provides an account of how manuals have been produced for 2 badly degraded areas in southern Australia (Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia; and western Victoria) and promotes the methodologies for other regions. Descriptive soil information is pictorially integrated along toposequences and applied to identify key soil features. Complex scientific processes and terminology are more simply communicated to local groups using coloured cross-sectional diagrams and photographs of soil and vegetation to overcome some of the perceived barriers to adoption of best management practices. We consider the approach should have generic application.

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