Bibliographies thématiques / Fragile work

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Fragile work »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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Steinmetz, Uwe. « Fragile Faith ». Poetics Today 41, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8519656.

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Jazz, today a broadly defined, global form of improvised music, remains a music between heaven and earth, with its roots in both nightclubs and churches. Jazz can be dance music, as well as music that triggers emotions, memories, and subjective images. It can also lead to experiences of transcendence. In which ways, though, do jazz artists connect their spiritual and religious experiences and beliefs with their individual musical language? In contrast to Western, composed sacred music, jazz generates religious meaning through its improvisatory practices, which unfold differently in each performance, depending on the performers, listeners, and performance spaces. Often, jazz musicians feel the poetic quality of their music to reside in the ambiguity and “fragile” religiosity of their music. This article discusses from a historical and contemporary perspective the “fragilization” processes at work in religiously inspired jazz. It distinguishes different levels of religious meaning, purpose, and spiritual experience. In so doing, it explores productive resonances between the characteristics of jazz and Paul Corrigan’s definition of “postsecular” American poetry written in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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Deutsch, Roland, Robert Kordts-Freudinger, Bertram Gawronski et Fritz Strack. « Fast and Fragile ». Experimental Psychology 56, no 6 (janvier 2009) : 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.56.6.434.

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Numerous studies suggest that processing verbal materials containing negations slows down cognition and makes it more error-prone. This suggests that processing negations affords relatively nonautomatic processes. The present research studied the role of two automaticity features (processing speed and resource dependency) for negation processing. In three experiments, we tested the impact of verbal negations on affective priming effects in the Affect Misattribution Paradigm. Going beyond previous work, the results indicate that negations can be processed unintentionally and quickly (Experiments 1 and 2). In Experiment 3, negations failed to qualify affective priming effects when participants’ working memory was taxed by memorizing an eight-digit number. In sum, the experiments suggest that negations can be processed unintentionally, very quickly, but that they rely on working-memory resources.
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Lechner, Viola M. « Racial Group Responses to Work and Parent Care ». Families in Society : The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 74, no 2 (février 1993) : 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949307400204.

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Utilizing stress theories, the author compared the experiences of 113 black and white employees who worked full time and cared for frail parents. Findings revealed that both racial groups had similar caregiving demands and similar levels of personal, social, work, mental, and physical strain. Their sources of environmental support varied. Black employed caregivers felt closer to their parents, whereas white employed caregivers received more assistance in the workplace. The parents of the black caregivers received more formal services. Black caregivers had less disposable income and were less likely to be married. Within-group comparisons indicated that work interferences (late arrivals, early departures, unscheduled days off, and excessive personal telephoning) significantly predicted more fragile mental health for whites and more fragile physical health for blacks. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Cañizalez, Andrés. « REPORT (REPRINT) - Venezuela : Journalists Work In a Fragile Context ». Brazilian Journalism Research 14, no 2 (30 août 2018) : 524–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v14n2.2018.1099.

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Aroche, Jorge, Sejla Tukelija et Mirjana Askovic. « Neurofeedback in Work With Refugee Trauma : Rebuilding Fragile Foundations ». Biofeedback 37, no 2 (1 juin 2009) : 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-37.2.53.

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Abstract The authors describe the Service for the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Torture and Trauma Survivors (STARTTS), established by the Australian government to provide specialized services for the many torture and trauma survivors accepted as refugees in Australia. Of the clients served by STARTTS, 30% present with post traumatic stress disorder. The authors report on the integration of neurofeedback into the psychotherapy provided to these individuals.
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Nelson-Nuñez, Jami, et Christopher Cyr. « Women’s Work in Fragile States : Evidence from a Firm-Level Dataset in Somaliland ». Social Politics : International Studies in Gender, State & ; Society 26, no 3 (30 novembre 2018) : 419–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxy037.

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Abstract What explains variation in women’s employment in fragile states with conflict-affected histories and limited state capacity? Employment builds stability and including women in labor markets can yield peace dividends. We use data from a firm-level survey in Somaliland, a de facto state in northern Somalia, to investigate why some firms employ more women than others. We analyze firm characteristics affected by state fragility and conflict, including female firm ownership, diaspora ownership and management, and limited access to services. This research contributes to our understanding of economic growth in fragile contexts and identifies opportunities to address gender inequalities in the developing world.
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Kahouli, Omar, Omar Naifar, Abdellatif Ben Makhlouf, Yassine Bouteraa, Ali Aloui et Ali Rebhi. « A Robust and Non-Fragile Observer Design for Nonlinear Fractional-Order Systems ». Symmetry 14, no 9 (29 août 2022) : 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14091795.

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The challenge of developing observers for classical integer-order systems that are both resilient and non-fragile has received a lot of attention in the literature. However, only a few articles have addressed the topic of developing observers for Fractional-Order (FO) systems that are both H-infinity (H∞) and non-fragile. The current work handles the Caputo fractional-order systems as the first work, to our knowledge, which treats such problems. The authors provide a novel result for building non-fragile and robust observers for nonlinear Caputo fractional-order systems. For this, the (H∞) performance method is utilized. Simulations for a numerical example confirm the efficacy of the suggested technique. The primary advantage of the current work is that it is the first to address the Caputo fractional-order system problem.
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Hagerman, Randi J., Carey Jackson, Khaled Amiri, Rebecca O'Connor, William Sobesky et Amy Cronister Silverman. « Girls With Fragile X Syndrome : Physical and Neurocognitive Status and Outcome ». Pediatrics 89, no 3 (1 mars 1992) : 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.3.395.

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The fragile X syndrome, a common X-linked form of mental retardation and autism, affects females as well as males. Previous work has shown that approximately 35% of heterozygotes (women who carry the fragile X gene) demonstrate cognitive impairment. Thirty-two girls, 18 years or younger, who demonstrate the fragile X chromosome were evaluated and compared with 19 sisters who do not demonstrate the fragile X chromosome. Evaluations included a physical examination, behavioral assessment, and intelligence testing. Significant differences (in intellectual, behavioral, and physical features) were seen between the two groups. Twenty-five percent of fragile X-positive girls had an IQ in the mentally retarded range (IQ < 70) and 28% had an IQ in the borderline range (70 to 84). Prominent ears, shyness, and poor eye contact were significant findings in fragile X-positive girls compared with fragile X-negative girls. Thirty-one percent of the fragile X-positive girls had significant attentional difficulties and most of these girls were successfully treated with stimulant medication. The majority of fragile X-positive girls in this study demonstrated significant behavioral and developmental problems which required identification and appropriate treatment. Pediatricians and health care providers should be aware of the frequency and manner with which fragile X affects females in order to initiate cytogenetic studies and treatment when indicated.
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Dilmaghani, Maryam, et Vurain Tabvuma. « Work-Life Balance Satisfaction of Parents in Fragile Families across Canada ». Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no 1 (1 août 2019) : 17944. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.17944abstract.

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Hilal, Randa. « TVET and decent work in Palestine : lessons learned for fragile states ». International Journal of Training Research 17, sup1 (5 juillet 2019) : 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14480220.2019.1641293.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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Qubane, Awil Abdi. « Gender Roles in Peace Building Processes in Fragile States : A Case Study : Women’s Participation in Peace Building in Somalia ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423565.

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Women's participation in peacebuilding processes was greatly increased through 1325 resolution on women, peace, and security whereby all actors involved in the peacebuilding processes were recommended to increase their participation in all the United Nations Peace and Security efforts. The role of women in peacebuilding and reconciliation through their major contribution to peacebuilding participation process in different countries. This study focused on identifying the role of Somali women in peacebuilding. The study conducted as desk study and uses secondary data that collected other researchers. The research methodology used in this study is thematic analysis to interpret selected materials. The central theme of the study is empowering women and increase women's opportunity to make choices in life and to increase their power to be part of the negotiations that have an impact on their lives. The study focused on two research objectives which included: the extent to which women in Somalia participate in the peace building process and the major constraints affecting the women participation in the peace building process in Somalia. The study identified three major challenges affect the Somali women in the participation of peace building process, and they include: Norms and traditions, political hegemony, and lack of economic opportunities. The study found the women participation in peace building in Somalia has been more common and active in the post conflict period than in any other periods. Keywords Peacebuilding, Conflict, Gender, Empowerment, Inclusion, Exclusion,
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Baisley, Ana Maria. « Understanding the experience and needs of foster parents caring for medically fragile children ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2386.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding about the experiences and needs of foster parents who care for medically fragile children and indentify characteristics related to providing quality care.
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Périot-Bled, Gaëlle. « Des œuvres éphémères devenues mémorables : modalités et enjeux d’une transmission fragile ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080107.

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Ce travail de recherche part de la description d’événements artistiquescontemporains, réexposant ou rejouant des oeuvres éphémères du passé, afin d’analyser lesmodalités de leur transmission. Dans un premier moment, il s’agit de montrer que l’éphémèreopère une réduction temporelle qui met en crise une conception de l’oeuvre que la tradition desarts plastiques a fondée sur la conservation de l’objet et de la trace. Or, lorsque les oeuvreséphémères nous sont données a posteriori, dans le corps du vestige ou de l’archive, la questionest de savoir si leur reconnaissance par l’institution ne coïncide pas avec l’inexorable perte deleur discours. Dans son second moment, ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence une modalitéessentielle de la transmission que les oeuvres éphémères ont contribué à inscrire dans lespratiques : une forme de théâtralité dont les signes manifestes sont la requalification du muséecomme scène et du commissaire comme scénographe et metteur en scène. Plus profondément,cette modalité révèle un nouvel ethos né de la relation fragile entre l’oeuvre et des spectateursdevenus témoins. Car le devenir des oeuvres éphémères se fonde sur la conversion d’uneémotion mémorable en devoir de transmettre. C’est à la mise au jour de cette opération que cetravail doctoral se consacre finalement, pour montrer comment le devenir mémorable engagetoujours un sens de la communauté humaine
This research work starts from the description of contemporary artistic events, reexposingor replaying ephemeral mankind's past achievements, in order to analyse the modalitiesof their transmission. In a first moment, it is intended to show that the ephemeral carries out atime-based reduction that puts in crisis a conception of the work of art that the tradition of thevisual arts has founded on object and trace conservation. However, when ephemeral worksreach us a posteriori, in the frame of the vestige or archive material, the question is to know iftheir recognition by the institution does not coincide with the inexorable loss of their speech.In its second moment, this work seeks to highlight a key modality for transmission thatephemeral works have contributed to graft onto established practices : a type of theatricalpresence the obvious signs of which being the requalification of the museum as a stage and ofthe curator as a set designer and stage manager. At a deeper level, this modality reveals a newethos arising out of the fragile relationship between the work and spectators having becomewitnesses. For, the destiny of ephemeral works is based on the conversion of an unforgettableemotion into a duty of transmission. It is with the updating of this operation that this doctoralwork is ultimately devoted to, to show how the memorable becoming always engages a sense of thehuman community
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Asalia, Nour. « La fragilité dans la sculpture contemporaine : réflexions théoriques et expérimentations artistiques à partir de Marcel Duchamp et Pablo Picasso ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA080076.

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La fragilité est une notion importante dans la sculpture contemporaine. Cette thèse s’interroge sur ses aspects chez deux des plus influents artistes de l'histoire de l'art au XXe siècle : Pablo Picasso et Marcel Duchamp. Nous nous interrogeons dans ce sens sur les facteurs qui ont favorisé l’avènement de la fragilité dans leurs pratiques : contexte historique, traditions populaires revisitées par la modernité, évolution du regard porté sur les matériaux, pratiques artistiques novatrices, contraintes et techniques de conservation. Notre recherche aborde bien entendu la question de la fragilité/la vanité de l’être humain que nous traitons dans les champs historique et philosophique – à travers ses dimensions esthétique, philosophique et spirituelle – mais dans les champs du sacré et de la science à partir du corps et de la mémoire tels que nous les observons se manifester dans le champ artistique. Pour montrer la prégnance de ce qui nous paraît relever du concept de fragilité, tel que nous l’aurons auparavant défini chez Duchamp et Picasso et des formes qu’il revêt, nous nous appuyons sur leurs œuvres en verre et papier. Notre étude analyse ces œuvres tant à travers le concept de fragilité qui s’y déploie qu’à l’aune de leur matérialité. Par ailleurs, l’usage des matériaux fragiles amène les artistes à privilégier certaines techniques qui ont pour objectif de protéger et d’assurer la conservation de leur travail : un tel processus aboutit au nouage serré, voire parfois inextricable, de leur démarche artistique et de leur pratique. Les modes de conservation de l’œuvre fragile constituent donc également l’un des axes de notre thèse. ---Pour finir, nous présentons notre propre pratique artistique, nourrie de notre approche de la fragilité et, bien sûr, de toutes les œuvres et références que nous aurons étudiées tout au long de notre recherche
Fragility is an important notion in contemporary sculpture. This thesis examines its aspects in two of the most influential artists in the history of art in the 20th century: Pablo Picasso and Marcel Duchamp. In this sense, we question the factors that have favored the advent of fragility in their practices: historical context, popular traditions revisited by modernity, changes in the way we look at materials, innovative artistic practices, constraints and conservation techniques. Our research of course addresses the question of the fragility/vanity of the human being that we deal with in the historical and philosophical fields - through its aesthetic, philosophical and spiritual dimensions - but in the fields of the sacred and of science from of body and memory as we observe them manifesting themselves in the artistic field. To show the significance of what seems to us to fall under the concept of fragility, as we have previously defined it with Duchamp and Picasso and the forms it takes, we rely on their works in glass and paper. Our study analyzes these works both through the concept of fragility that unfolds there and in terms of their materiality. Furthermore, the use of fragile materials leads artists to favor certain techniques whose objective is to protect and ensure the conservation of their work: such a process results in the tight, even sometimes inextricable knotting of their artistic approach and their practice. The modes of conservation of the fragile work therefore also constitute one of the axes of our thesis. ___Finally, we present our own artistic practice, nourished by our approach to fragility and, of course, by all the works and references that we will have studied throughout our research
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Garner, Claire. « The executive function and theory of the mind : performance of boys with fragile X syndrome : a portfolio of academic, clinical and research work ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/778/.

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Ségalini, Céline. « Les professionnels de l'aide sénégalais : de la précarité au travail à la fragile légitimation de l'écologie dominante ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0404.

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Le Sénégal fait souvent figure d'exception, au point d'être régulièrement salué pour sa stabilité sociopolitiquepar la communauté internationale désemparée devant les troubles qui agitent le continent africain.Cette image d'Épinal est pourtant loin de rendre compte des difficultés qui touchent la population de ce pays.Derrière le visage d'un pays stable se cache en fin de compte une tout autre réalité qui rappelle combien lepoids de la précarité professionnelle occupe une place singulière dans la vie des Sénégalais, y compris deceux qui participent à l'élaboration de l'action publique branchée au système d'aide. Telle est l'impressionpesante qui se glisse dans les discours des professionnels de l'aide sénégalais impliqués dans un projet degestion intégrée du littoral encouragé par la Banque mondiale dans les années 2000. L'étude de la mise enoeuvre de ce projet fournit un cas d'école qui permet de saisir l'incidence que peut avoir la précaritéprofessionnelle de ces personnes sur le fonctionnement de l'aide-projet qui représente encore aujourd'hui laforme d'aide dominante dans le pays. Plus spécifiquement, elle aide à comprendre pourquoi les normes degestion du littoral colportées dans le cadre de ce projet – qui ne sont d'ailleurs que le reflet de l'écologiedominante – sont mobilisées par ces développeurs sénégalais à travers des discours légitimateurs le plussouvent déconnectés du sens même de ces normes. Tout se passe comme si la professionnalisation heurtéede ces personnes les conduisait à prêter plus attention aux moyens du projet qu'à ses objectifs, et de cettemanière à améliorer leurs conditions de travail et plus largement leur situation socio-économique
Senegal is often looked on as an exception, to the point of being regularly hailed for its socio-politicalstability by an international community quite helpless in front of the troubles of African continent. Yet thistraditional view is far from accounting for the difficulties of the population. In fact the image of a stablecountry conceals an altogether different reality which reminds one of how precarity, and more particularlywork precarity, plays an important part in the lives of the Senegalese, including those who take part in thedevelopment of the public action financed by aid agencies. Such is the impression felt in the speeches ofSenegalese aid workers involved in a project of coastal zone management promoted by the World Bank inthe 2000s. To study the working out of this project provides an example which helps to understand theconsequences their precarity at work can have on the working of the aid-project – today the main form of aidin this country. More specifically it helps to understand how the standards of coastal zone managementpromoted by the World Bank agents are interpreted by these Senegalese people, and why they are justapprehended in speeches often disconnected from the very purpose of these standards. It seems that theirwork precarity has led them to pay more attention to the means of the project rather than to its ends, seekingthereby to improve their own work conditions and so their socio-economic situation
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Merriman, Carolyn S. « Parenting the Medically Fragile Child ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8422.

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Ström, Anna. « Samverkan för trygg hemgång : Ett förbättringsarbete om övergången mellan geriatrik, ASIH och primärvård för den multisjuka patienten ». Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Kvalitetsförbättring och ledarskap inom hälsa och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42022.

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Introduktion: Multisjuka patienter är individer med många sjukdomar och komplexa vårdbehov. För denna grupp är vikten av kontinuitet för att öka känsla­n av trygghet stor. Syfte med förbättringsarbetet: : Att skapa en trygg och möjlig ASIH-vård för multisjuka äldre genom att utveckla arbetssätt som möjliggör anslutning och en trygg utskrivning för multisjuka äldre. Syftet med studie av förbättringsarbetet: Att undersöka och analysera medarbetares gemensamma erfarenheter. Metod: Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med stöd av Nolans förbättringsmodell. Studien av förbättringsarbetet genomfördes med en fallstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Förbättringsarbetet resulterade i ett jämnt inflöde av remisser och kortare anslutningstid till ASIH. Patientens upplevelse av trygghet skattades i en enkät till 76%.  Möjlighet till återanslutning till ASIH fick 7 patienter mellan 1-7 gånger under förbättringsprojektet. Studien av förbättringsarbetet sammanfattades i temat: ”Villkor för samverkan mot det gemensamma målet” då ett tydligt mönster framkom i fokusgruppsintervjuerna. Följande villkor sågs som betydelsefulla: kontinuitet, lärande, samarbete och kommunikation.. Diskussion: ASIH är en alternativ vårdform som kan bidra till att skapa trygghet och underlätta övergången till hemmet för gruppen multisjuka äldre. I bästa fall också minska behov av vård på akutsjukhus vid försämring. För att möjliggöra denna vård krävs återkoppling som skapar lärande genom tydliga mål och mätbara resultat.
Introduction: Patients with multiple illnesses are individuals with complex needs of care. For this group of patients, continuity of care and their sense of security is is of great importance. Improvement work objective: To create secure and accessible ASIH for elders with multiple illnesses by¨develop ways of working to enable re-admittance and secure discharges for this group of patients. Case study objective: To Investigate and analyze team members’ common experiences. Method: Implementation using Nolan’s improvement model. A case study using qualitative contents analysis. Result: The improvement work resulted in an even flow of referrals and shortened admission times to ASIH. Patients’ sense of security were rated to 76%. Seven Seven patients had the possibility towere be  re-admitted 1-7 times 1-7 times during the project. Casestudy summary: ”Conditions for cooperationfor a common goal”. A clear pattern with the following significant conditions emerged from the focusgroups interviews: continuity, learning, cooperation, and communication. Discussion: ASIH can be an option to facilitate the transition home for elderly patients with multiple illnesses. ASIH provides a sense of security and may prevent re-hospitalization. This model of cooperation requires clear, common goals and opportunities for feedback to enable learning contributes to measurable results.
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Platenberg, Renata Jacilyn. « Population ecology and conservation of the slow-worm Anguis fragilis in Kent ». Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297400.

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Smith, Nicholas D. « The ecology of the slow-worm (Anguis Fragilis L.) in Southern England ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/414080/.

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The slow-worm, Anguis fraqilis, is a legless lizard in the family Anguidae. The ecology of the species was studied by weekly visits to two sites on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorset, England from 1981 to 1988. Other sites were visited less often. Animals were found under pieces of corrugated iron sheet that had been placed on the ground. Adults were photographed and identified on recapture by the pattern on the underside of the head. Pregnant females were retained in captivity until the birth of the young. A total of 3456 slow-worms were found. Capture rates of known individuals were low, often less than once a year. There were differences in rate of captures of four sex and size class over the season. Males predominated in spring, females were found most often in summer and sub-adults and juveniles were commonest in autumn. Rates of movement were low. There was no evidence of territory formation. Mating was only observed once. Females with sperm in the cloaca were found in May. The litters of 1 to 18 (average 8) were born in late summer. Larger females had larger litters but not larger young. In 1986, litter sizes were small with many of the young deformed. The sex ratios were not equal. The bias was to females at one site and to males at the other. Cloacal temperatures, low for a temperate reptile, ranged from 9.8 to 33.2 "C, with a median of 24.9 °C. There was little evidence of precise thermoregulation. Cloacal temperatures were highest in summer on sunny days, but varied little with time of day. The distribution in the Iberian peninsula was shown by discriminant function analysis to be correlated with cooler, wetter climates.
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Livres sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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National Crime Prevention Council (U.S.). Mission possible : Churches supporting fragile families. Washington, DC : National Crime Prevention Council, 1990.

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Fragile connections : Memoirs of mental illness for pastoral care professionals. St. Louis, Mo : Chalice Press, 2005.

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Nichols, John Treadwell. A fragile beauty : John Nichols' Milagro country : text and photographs from his life and work. Salt Lake City : Peregrine Smith Books, 1987.

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Mutanabbī, Abū al-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn, 915 or 916-965, poet, Al-Mutanabbi Street Coalition et Al-Mutanabbi Street Starts Here Artists' Books Collection (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library), dir. Fragile. [Boston, MA] : [Dorothy Krause], 2011.

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Mutanabbī, Abū al-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn, 915 or 916-965, poet, Dickinson Emily 1830-1886 poet, Al-Mutanabbi Street Coalition et Al-Mutanabbi Street Starts Here Artists' Books Collection (Columbia University. Rare Book and Manuscript Library), dir. Fragile. [United Kingdom?] : [publisher not identified], 2011.

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Atak, Krasny Berge. Fragile city. [Ghent, Belgium?] : Mer Paper Kunsthalle, 2015.

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Halfin, Ross. Fragile human organs. Los Angeles, Calif : 2.13.61 Publications, 1996.

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Morton, Margaret. Fragile dwelling. [New York] : Aperture, 2000.

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Dixon, Weber Jayne, dir. Children with fragile X syndrome : A parents' guide. Bethesda, MD : Woodbine House, 2000.

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Friedberg, Rachel. Rachel Friedberg : A fragile balance : works 1962-1997. New York, N.Y : E. Peterson, 1998.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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Hole, Kjell Jørgen. « Summary and Future Work ». Dans Anti-fragile ICT Systems, 135–40. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30070-2_13.

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Kennedy, Helen. « The Fragile Ethics of Web Accessibility ». Dans Net Work, 107–30. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230356108_5.

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Jutila, Salla, Emily Höckert et Outi Rantala. « Becoming Fragile ». Dans Arctic Encounters, 43–57. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39500-0_3.

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AbstractOur chapter springs from discussions about our roles as tourism researchers in the Arctic in the midst of ecological crisis. We see this chapter as an opportunity to become and stay proximate with the idea of fragility as a collective space where we recognise our weaknesses, dependencies, and solidarities—the fragility of life. We approach fragility as a relational notion helping us to gain new understandings of our entanglements with the more-than-human world and as a vital element of carefull research orientations. As our inspiration, we use memory recalling, looking back, and writing about our experiences as tourism researchers at the University of Lapland. The feminist memory-work method highlights the collective construction of memories through sharing, discussing, and theorising about them as a whole. Applying collective memory work on and with fragility offers us a research method that we have started to call a collective fragility work. Our stories underline the importance of recognising our shared fragilities in relational approaches of becoming—of being and living in the damaged world and engaging in research from those premises.
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de Siqueira, Isabel Rocha. « How to Work with Passion ». Dans ‘Fragile States’ in an Unequal World, 86–118. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0311.04.

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Kabir, A. H. Monjurul. « PDA at Work—Exploring Impact in Stability ». Dans Development Aid in Stable Democracies and Fragile States, 107–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92174-7_6.

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Kabir, A. H. Monjurul. « PDA at Work—Exploring Impact in Fragility and Transition ». Dans Development Aid in Stable Democracies and Fragile States, 139–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92174-7_7.

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Šámalová, Kateřina, et Petr Vojtíšek. « Social Policy and Social Work in the Czech Republic : Partners at Fragile Times ». Dans Social Work and Social Policy Transformations in Central and Southeast Europe, 35–55. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-51232-2_3.

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Montaldi, Cristina, Piera Fischione, Davide Pasquali et Francesco Zullo. « Land use analysis and coastal structures : Adriatic Coast as a case study ». Dans Ninth International Symposium “Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas : Problems and Measurement Techniques”, 272–82. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0030-1.25.

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Coastal areas are complex and fragile nature environments, they are strongly anthropized with a high level of pollution, habitat and ecological functions loss. The study area is the Italian coastal belt between Conero Promontory and Punta Aderci. The main goal of the work is both to analyse the present mosaic of land use/cover and investigate the morphodynamic processes to define rules necessary for the sector planning (e.g., Coastal defense planning, water catchment planning) and local planning.
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Asanami, Fumika, et Mahito Kamada. « Social System in Collaborative Activities for Conserving Coastal Pine Forest in Karatsu City, Kyusyu, Japan ». Dans Ecological Research Monographs, 459–70. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6791-6_27.

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AbstractWe studied the social system to maintain collaborative activities for restoring and conserving coastal pine forests in Karatsu City, Saga Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Governance has been structured and functioned in most conservation processes; administrative offices of the state, prefecture, and city, business sector, and Civil Society Organization have acted interdependently, and network members have continuous interaction under the management of an NPO group known as KANNE. KANNE has filled in a structural hole in the social network. KANNE plays a special role as the hub. Social ties, however, are very weak, and hence the system continuity is fragile. If KANNE stops its work, the network structure will collapse. As an internal circumstance of KANNE, most management works have been governed by the secretary-general, and any person who can act as a substitute is now absent. Installing a system to develop human resources within KANNE is important to retain conservation activities.
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Revillard, Anne. « Rights at Work ». Dans Fragile Rights, 56–79. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529231007.003.0003.

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In France as elsewhere, disabled people suffer from structural marginalization in the labour market. Employment-related disability rights crystallize the ambivalence of disability policies: between an assumed inability to work that entitles people to benefits and the promotion of workforce participation; and between sheltered employment, quotas, and anti-discrimination. Employment might therefore appear to be the area where disability rights are the most fragile. The chapter shows, on the contrary, how this coexistence of divergent orientations can be analysed as their strong point, potentially opening more opportunities for individuals. After a review of the history of disability policies in the field of employment, the chapter analyses how disabled people negotiate a marginal place in the labour market, in dynamics that combine structural inequalities and the reception of public policies. It then focuses on the effects and appropriations of the flagship measure in this domain, the quota scheme.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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Silva, Daniel Borges, Claudionor Gomes Bezerra, Carlos Humberto de Oliveira Costa et Bruno Ricardo de Carvalho. « Fragile Topology in Triangular Photonic Crystals ». Dans Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2022.tu4a.1.

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In this work, we propose a 2D topological photonic system of Si rods by using a simple geometric perturbation. We obtained two phases, type A and type B, which are topological and trivial, respectively.
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Juhnke, Bethany, Susan A. Novotny, Jennifer C. Laine, Ferenc Toth et Arthur Erdman. « Virtual Model for Legg-Clavé-Perthes : Preliminary Work to Develop a Minimally Invasive Preclinical Model ». Dans 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3288.

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Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a painful pediatric hip condition caused by an idiopathic disruption of blood flow to the femoral head. The bone subsequently becomes necrotic and fragile. This can result in significant femoral head deformity, leading to pain and early degeneration of the hip. Severity of avascular involvement of the femoral head correlates with long-term outcomes, including hip arthritis and replacement. Preclinical models present extreme cases of the disease and do not represent the spectrum of LCPD seen clinically. A virtual model was developed to explore advancing the preclinical model through new methods of visualizing the data. Overall, three opportunities to advance the preclinical model and our understanding of LCPD are presented.
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Abo-Shaeer, Jamil. « Operationalizing Quantum Technology for Navigation and Timing ». Dans Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2023.fw6b.2.

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Quantum sensors offer transformative performance gains over conventional technologies. However, laboratory devices are large, fragile, and expensive. This talk will cover the practical challenges of developing quantum sensors and clocks and highlight our recent work.
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Girlea, Olesea. « Evil Representations of Water ». Dans Conferinta stiintifica nationala "Lecturi în memoriam acad. Silviu Berejan", Ediția 6. “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/lecturi.2023.06.21.

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Water represented as a natural element contains two meanings of good and evil. From the perspective of representing water as the abode of evil, this is interpreted as a veritable descent into hell, as a psychological representation, immersion in water is in some cases the equivalent of probing the unconscious. We propose to elucidate the negative valences of water and its imaginary representations starting from Mircea Eliade’s work „Isabel and the waters of the devil”, Radu Găvan „Fragile devils”, Alexandru Popescu „Colorless depths” and the concept of „Ophelia’s complex” from the work of Gaston Bachelard. These works activate the negative approaches of water from the inner conflicts of the character to the element of water, the destructive force.
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Kubrin, Koby, Adeel Ahmed, Shkenca Demiri, Maria Majid, Ian M. Dickerson et Michael G. Schrlau. « 3D Printed Platforms to Facilitate Cell Culture on Carbon Nanotube Arrays ». Dans ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71852.

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Template based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a process of effectively fabricating nanostructures such as Carbon nanotube arrays (CNT). During this process, a carbon-carrying precursor gas is used to deposit a layer of solid carbon on the surface of a template within a furnace. Template-based CVD using porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes as the template has been applied to efficiently mass-produce CNT arrays which have shown promise for use in gene transfection applications. These AAO membranes are incredibly fragile, making them prone to cracks during handling which can compromise their performance. In order to ease handling of the CNT devices, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been applied to create a support structure for the fragile membranes. The work presented here focuses on the use of 3D printing as a means of integrating CNT arrays into nanofluidic devices, both increasing their useful application and preventing damage to the fragile arrays during handling. 3D printing allows the CNT arrays to be completely encapsulated within the fluidic device by printing a base of material before inserting the arrays. Additionally, 3D printing has been shown to create an adequate seal between the CNT arrays and the printed device without the need for additional adhesives or sealing processes. For this work, a commercially available, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer was used to print the devices out of polylactic acid (PLA) plastic. This approach has been shown to be effective and repeatable for nanofluidic device construction, while also being cost effective and less time consuming than other methods such as photolithography. Cell culture and has been demonstrated using HEK293 cells on the devices and was found to be comparable to tissue culture polystyrene.
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Cunha, Liliana, Daniel Silva, Sarah Maggioli et Ana Correia de Barros. « Pleasure and Suffering at Work in the Technical Act : A Case Study From a Garment Factory in a Context of Technological Transformation ». Dans Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100998.

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At a time when the transformation of human-machine relationships is instigated by technological advances, the redefinition of know-how, the relationships with the worker collective and the risks and impacts on health have been pushed aside by the emphasis given to technological potential. More than in technology itself, it is through the technical act that these relationships are embodied: a process developed through experience which is not neutral to its socio-technical and organizational context, generating both pleasure and suffering. Through the analysis of work activity, using observations, individual and auto-confrontation interviews, a case study was conducted in a garment factory. Results give insight into four different dimensions which define efficient technical acts: understanding the machine, relationship with others, a job well done and risks and impacts on health. The management of these work dimensions is done to pursue a balance (which is always fragile) between work demands and health preservation.
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Juverdeanu, Gabriela, et Luminița Erhan. « Applying scientific thinking and methods to streamline specialty lessons and practical training in online teaching in vocational education ». Dans Condiții pedagogice de optimizare a învățării în post criză pandemică prin prisma dezvoltării gândirii științifice. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.18-06-2021.p104-113.

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In the present article the authors tried to explain, as much as possible, the need to modernize the education system, because, once put in the situation of teaching online, many of the educational institutions and teachers did not know how to cope with the situation, and the education system seems not to have been taken as seriously. It took a lot of work to discover the fragile parts of the education system, the need for digitization and, most importantly, the need to purchase the necessary programs and gadgets for both teachers and students to move the school online.
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Mechidova, Shehla. « SABA (MORNİNGWIND), THE MESSENGER OF LOVE İN BABUR’S POETRY ». Dans The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/tffz3934.

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The epic and lyrical works of Babur, who wrote and created excellent works in Cigatai after Alishir Navai,, have reached our time. Although Babur is more famous in the history of literature for his work "Baburnama", his lyrics have always been in the center of attention with their artistic features. Babur proved that he was not only a powerful ruler, but also a poet with delicate feelings and fragile feelings, by depicting human feelings and thoughts more powerfully and beautifully than they were, adding thousands of colors to them with the magic of words and creating beautiful works from each other. The innate talent of the poet plays an important role in the expression of this beauty andelegance, because at this time human feelings and experiences are compared with inanimate natural objects and abstract concepts. In these comparisons, the innate talent of the writer to express any idea in a figurative way is clearly evident. These works,which are expressions of the poetic power of the word and the mysterious world of colors, attract more attention due to the artistic expression style, have stood and are still standing above time.
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Kaur, Gurleen, Bakul Gupta et Ashima Anand. « Deep Learning based Zero Watermarking for Authentication of Medical Records ». Dans 12th International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Applications. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2023.132411.

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The security of digital images is crucial since they often contain sensitive and confidential data. Unauthorized access to this data could result in severe penalties for the parties involved. Despite the availability of highly secure algorithms, security remains a significant concern due to the rapid emergence of new technologies that can breach it. Thus the proposed work implements a technique that makes the confidential data inaccessible to intruders. Hence fragile type of data hiding technique is used where even with the slightest tampering to the image by an attacker, the information i.e. watermark image is completely destroyed, hence preventing it from unauthorized access. Also, a hybrid transform including DTCWT and NSST is used to fuse two medical images to form a more sophisticated output image, which serves as the final watermark. Further, the zero watermarking model is implemented using the ResNet 50 DL model for more precise results and extraction of feature maps. Embedding the actual image in the carrier image could make the watermarking detectable especially when it is fragile, hence Zero Watermarking overcomes this also by virtual embedding. Moreover, the algorithm employs the avalanche effect of SHA512 for highly secure authentication, further strengthening the security of the system. Overall, the proposed method is an effective way to ensure the security of digital images with confidential data.
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Satyarthi, M. K., et Pulak M. Pandey. « Surface and Subsurface Study on EDG and EDM Processing of Advanced Ceramic Composite Material ». Dans ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62045.

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The advanced ceramic composites are made electrically conductive by doping with the conductive phase elements like TiN, TiC, TiB2 and TiCN. The doping of the naturally occurring nonconductive ceramic composite makes it suitable to be machined by unconventional machining processes where conductivity of the material plays prominent role. Though, the ceramic materials are fragile in nature, these are custom-tailored for the engineering applications. The machining of the ceramic material by conventional processes is quite difficult and leads to failure of the material under high cutting forces due to its fragile nature. In most of the cases deformities like surface and subsurface cracks, inclusion of pits and voids, deteriorates the functionality of the ceramic material. In our work, we have studied the surface and subsurface characteristics, while processing the material by electric discharge machining (EDM) and electric discharge grinding (EDG) processes. A setup has been designed, developed and mounted as an attachment on die-sinking EDM machining facility to carry out the EDG experiments. The conductive alumina ceramic has been chosen as workpiece material for processing. The surface characteristics has been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at the resolution of 1000X for EDG processed work pieces, and at 500X for EDM. In EDM machining, the surface contains the recast layer whereas in EDG, the recast layer is either removed or swept uniformly along the surface giving good glossy surface finish. It has been found that the components produced by EDM process contain prominent surface and subsurface cracks whereas such deformities are not visible in case of EDG processing. The best surface finish achieved is of the order of 0.04μm when processed by EDG.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fragile work"

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Nazneen, Sohela. Women’s Leadership and Political Agency in Fragile Polities. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.046.

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Recent evidence from Afghanistan shows that even in the most difficult contexts, women will still protest for their rights. This paper draws on evidence from the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research programme to show how women express their political agency and activism and seek accountability in repressive contexts. A4EA research looked at cases of women-led protest in Egypt, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, and explored women’s political participation in Nigeria and Pakistan. The research shows that despite some success in claim-making on specific issues, ‘sticky norms’ and male gatekeeping prevail and govern women’s access to public space and mediate their voice in these contexts. The paper concludes by calling on donors to go beyond blueprints in programming, and to work in agile and creative ways to support women’s rights organising.
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Naess, Lars Otto, Jan Selby et Gabrielle Daoust. Climate Resilience and Social Assistance in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.002.

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This paper aims to improve our understanding of the nature, causes, and multiple dimensions of how social assistance may address climate vulnerability and resilience within fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAS), as part of the inception phase of the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme. Over recent years, social assistance, such as cash transfers and voucher programmes, has been seen as a way of reducing the impacts of climate-related shocks and stressors, and of increasing the resilience of recipient households and communities. It has also been seen as a mechanism for delivering adaptation funding, showing promise in tackling short-term shocks as well as longer-term adaptation to climate change. Yet despite FCAS hosting some of the most vulnerable populations in the world, so far there has been little attention to these settings. We examine the linkages between social assistance and climate resilience in FCAS and in turn, implications for BASIC Research. Specifically, we ask what the evidence is on whether existing approaches to social assistance are appropriate to reducing climate vulnerabilities and building climate resilience in FCAS, and, if not, how they might be reformed. We address this through three sub-questions. First, what are the major conceptual discussions on climate resilience and social assistance, and what is the extent of work in FCAS? This is addressed in section 2.1, based on an extensive literature review. Second, to what extent does the literature on social assistance and climate resilience apply to the particular concerns of FCAS? This is covered in section 2.2, based on a framework informed by work in political economy and political ecology. Third, what are possible future research directions? We conclude with reflections on what BASIC Research may contribute in section 3.
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Herbert, Siân. K4D’s Work on Conflict, Violence, and Peace (2016-2021). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.131.

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Conflict, violence, and peace has been the focus of many evidence requests and much of the learning activity of K4D, in line with FCDO’s and formerly DFID’s development commitments to fragile and conflict affected contexts (FCAS). This report provides an illustrative overview of K4D’s work from October 2016 until May 2021 connected to conflict. It is not an analysis of conflict per se, but of the research that FCDO (and formerly DFID) have commissioned K4D to write on conflict over the past four years. It is illustrative and based on a rapid review of a sample of papers, and thus should not be considered exhaustive or in-depth. Given the breadth of K4D’s reports on this area, this report draws on a selection of 68 reports. This report will be used as input for a K4D-FCDO learning event on conflict, violence, and peace to take place in Autumn 2021.
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Wylde, Emily. Value for Money of Social Assistance in Fragile Contexts : Considerations, Evidence, and Research Priorities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.009.

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Value for Money (VfM) is an essential tool for balancing difficult policy and programme decisions. While many of the conceptual approaches to VfM and methods for estimation are similar between regular development programming for social protection and humanitarian cash and food assistance, so far these literatures have evolved in fairly distinct silos. There is relatively little work that brings the two strands together. This thematic review provides a conceptual framework for understanding VfM of social assistance in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS). It draws out what is particular to these contexts and identifies key areas for focus. It then reviews the existing literature to identify gaps and point to priorities for further research.
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Mager, Franziska, et Silvia Galandini. Research Ethics : A practical guide. Oxfam GB, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6416.

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Any research must follow ethical principles, particularly when it involves people as participants and is likely to impact them. This is standard practice in academic research and a legal requirement in medical trials, but also applies to research carried out by Oxfam. Oxfam’s work focuses on vulnerable populations, and takes place under difficult circumstances. When research takes place in such vulnerable and fragile contexts, high ethical standards need to be met and tailored to the specific characteristics of each situation. Oxfam welcomes the adaptation of this guideline by other NGOs, community organizations and researchers working in fragile contexts and with vulnerable communities. The guideline should be read together with other relevant Oxfam and Oxfam GB policies and protocols, including the guidelines on Writing Terms of Reference for Research, Integrating Gender in Research Planning and Doing Research with Enumerators. A flowchart summarizing the guideline is also available to download on this page.
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Wylde, Emily. Value For Money of Social Assistance in FCAS : Considerations, Evidence, and Research Priorities. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.022.

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Value for Money (VfM) is an essential tool for balancing difficult policy and programme decisions and the trade-offs between the ‘5 Es’ of economy, efficiency, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and equity. While many of the conceptual approaches to VfM and methods for estimation are similar in regular development programming for social protection and humanitarian cash and food assistance, these literatures have so far evolved in fairly distinct silos. There has been relatively little work so far to bring the two strands together. In fragile and conflict-affected settings, the gaps are especially great. A lack of cost and basic programme implementation data hinders understanding of economy and efficiency, while gaps in robust evidence on outcomes and impacts further impede an analysis of effectiveness and, crucially, the trade-offs between the ‘5Es’. The research agenda presented here emphasises the need to build the evidence base on both costs and benefits, and to use it more intentionally for better adaptive management of programmes and policy support.
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Ochiltree, Kasey, et Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender Analysis of the Impact of Recent Humanitarian Crises on Women, Men, Girls, and Boys in Puntland State in Somalia. Oxfam, KAALO, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7482.

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Situated in a complex region of the world, Puntland State in Somalia is dealing with a range of threats and instabilities such as droughts, floods, locusts, the movement of internally displaced people (IDPs), and armed actors. COVID-19 has added yet another strain on its tremendously fragile infrastructure. The impact of the pandemic has been far reaching, affecting livelihoods and hampering unpaid and underpaid care work and responsibilities. The multitude of crises and rates of inflation have left the majority of families food insecure and without income, halted education and health services, and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and the incidence of violence. This gender analysis was conducted and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO), in partnership with Oxfam in Somalia and KAALO, to better help local government bodies, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs grasp the differentiated impact of the crises on women, men, boys, and girls, and host and IDP communities, during this time of intense loss and instability. The analysis provides an overview of the experiences of the affected communities, and gives recommendations on how to address immediate concerns and plan future programming.
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Longhurst, Daniel, et Rachel Slater. Shock-Responsive Social Protection : What is Known About What Works in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Situations ? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.005.

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While shock-responsive social protection (SRSP) has become popular in global and national development discourses, its operationalisation in fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCAS) remains more limited, yet it is arguably here where it could meaningfully contribute to wider nexus approaches. By exploring experiences in a range of countries, the paper explores what is known about the use of SRSP in FCAS, and identifies further areas of potential research for the BASIC Research programme. It also assesses the state of knowledge regarding a number of key questions being raised among stakeholders, namely: What is known about navigating the ethical and political dilemmas around attempting SRSP in FCAS? What is known about the specific requirements for displaced populations and other excluded or vulnerable groups? What is known about when it might be ill-advised to attempt SRSP in FCAS?
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Mpofu, David, Michael Ndiweni, Kwanele Moyo, Samuel Wadzai et Marjoke Oosterom. Youth Active Citizenship for Decent Jobs : A Handbook for Policy & ; Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.017.

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This Handbook has been created for development partners and civil society actors that design and implement youth employment interventions, particularly in contexts marked by fragility and political-economic crises. Youth employment programmes usually strengthen young people’s business and entrepreneurship skills. They fail to consider the civic and political competencies needed by young people in order to negotiate fair, safe, and decent working conditions and influence the wider policy environment for decent work. The Handbook offers suggestions for integrating youth active citizenship strategies into youth employment interventions, thus building young people’s civic and political skills. Adopting these strategies will strengthen the capacities of young people to engage both private sector and government actors, foster inclusion, and strengthen coalitions that can influence a enabling environment for decent jobs for youth. Recognising that many young people start their trade and businesses in theinformal economy, the Handbook takes their experiences as the point of departure. It is widely recognised that political economy matters for development and development interventions. This also applies to youth employment programming. Ideas in this Handbook recognise that politics influence youth employment opportunities. This is particularly the case in contexts commonly referred to as fragile, conflict-affected and violent settings (FCVS). Approaches to youth employment interventions need to respond to these dynamics to avoid that powerful actors capture them to serve their interests and avoid increasing risks to conflict. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic has proved that fragility is multidimensional and manifests in many countries across the globe. Early on in the pandemic, it quickly became clear that the informal economy would be hard hit. In addition, the challenging politics of FCVS influence opportunities for both formal and informal employment.
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Rinkevich, Baruch, et Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.

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The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.
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