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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Fr2 »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fr2"

Wu, Li Gen, An Na Wang, Lin Lu Jia, Xiu Ling Li, Yu Dan Sun et Xiang Ying Xu. « Study on Glycoprotein in Kiwifruit ». Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (octobre 2010) : 1730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1730.

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Two fractions, such as Fr1-3 and Fr2-2, were obtain after separating and purifing crude kiwifruit glycoprotein by using Sepharose Cl-6B gel column and DEAE Sepharose Cl-6B ion exchange column. In the UV and Infrared Spectroscopy of Fr1-3 and Fr2-2, the characteristic absorption peaks of sugar and protein were both found.The molecular weight of Fr1-3 is 30497，the molecular weight of Fr2-2 is 28567. Both of Fr1-3 and Fr2-2 have 17 amino acids, However, the amino acid content of them is different.

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Kros, Johan M., Eniko K. Bagdi, Pingpin Zheng, Wim C. Hop, Maarten J. Driesse, Laszlo Krenacs et Winand N. M. Dinjens. « Analysis of immunoglobulin H gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction in primary central nervous system lymphoma ». Journal of Neurosurgery 97, n^o 6 (décembre 2002) : 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.6.1390.

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Object. Diagnosing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) may be difficult either because of a paucity of tumor cells in the brain biopsy specimens or a failure to demonstrate monoclonality on immunomorphological studies. Monoclonality can also be demonstrated by amplification of the rearranged immunoglobulin H genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the framework region (FR)3 and FR2 complementarity determining region (CDR)-III and CDR-II of these genes. The PCR method is feasible with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy material and has proven to be helpful in the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma on biopsy samples obtained from various locations in the body. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed the value of this method in the context of PCNSL. In the present study, the contribution of both FR3 single and FR2 seminested PCR procedures for confirming the diagnosis of PCNSL was estimated retrospectively in 30 cases of PCNSL and in three cases of epidural lymphoma. Methods. Twenty-eight cases of immunophenotypically confirmed PCNSL and two of suspected lymphoma were studied. Tissue specimens obtained in 22 cases of other cerebral diseases, among which were various inflammatory conditions, were used as negative controls. In 18 (60%) of 30 cases the results of FR3 PCR demonstrated monoclonality, whereas FR2 PCR showed monoclonality in 12 cases (40%). In 11 cases FR3 PCR yielded monoclonal patterns and FR2 PCR did not, whereas reversibly in five cases FR2 PCR proved monoclonality and FR3 PCR failed to do so. Adding the results of FR3 to those of FR2 PCR, monoclonal patterns were obtained in 23 (77%) of 30 cases. In both cases in which lymphoma was suspected but not proven immunomorphologically, FR3 PCR revealed monoclonality, as did FR2 PCR in one case. In all 22 control lesions either polyclonal patterns were seen or no consistent patterns were obtained. In the PCNSL group, older age of patients and multifocal presentation of lesions on neuroimaging were significantly associated with worse survival. No correlation between histological subtype and clinical outcome was elucidated. Conclusions. The application of FR3 and FR2 PCR is a useful additional tool in making the diagnosis of PCNSL. Moreover, in some cases the PCR method may be essential in distinguishing neoplasia from reactive conditions.

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Dwiliński, R., M. Palczewska, P. Kaczor, K. Korona, A. Wysmołek, R. Bożek et M. Kamińska. « Optical and Electrical Studies of FR1 and FR2 Defects in GaAs ». Acta Physica Polonica A 82, n^o 4 (octobre 1992) : 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.82.613.

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Campbell, Ciara, Declan Millett, Niamh Kelly, Marie Cooke et Michael Cronin. « Frankel 2 appliance versus the Modified Twin Block appliance for Phase 1 treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents : A randomized clinical trial ». Angle Orthodontist 90, n^o 2 (15 octobre 2019) : 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/042419-290.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To compare Phase 1 treatment, using the Frankel 2 (FR2) or the modified Twin Block (MTB), for Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents with respect to: treatment duration, number of appliance breakages, occlusal outcome, and patient and parent perspectives. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants with a Class II division 1 malocclusion were randomly assigned to either the FR2 or MTB appliance in a two-armed parallel randomized clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1 to 1. Time to achieve a Class I incisor relationship was the primary outcome. The number of appliance breakages was recorded. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was used to evaluate pre- and post-treatment occlusal outcome on study models. Participants completed the child OHRQoL (oral health-related quality of life), Piers-Harris, Standard Continuum of Aesthetic Need (SCAN), and Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Score (OASIS) questionnaires pre- and post-treatment; parents completed a SCAN questionnaire. Results: Forty-two participants completed treatment (FR2: 20; MTB: 22). Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data for noncompleters. Mean treatment duration was similar for the two appliances (FR2: 376 days [SD 101]; MTB: 340 days [SD 102]; P = .41). There were no significant differences in mean number of appliance breakages (FR2: 0.3 SD 0.7; MTB: 0.4 SD 0.8; P = .67 or mean PAR score P = .48). Patient and parent perspectives did not differ between appliances (P > .05). Conclusions: Phase 1 treatment duration, number of appliance breakages, occlusal outcome, and patient and parent perspectives were similar in 11–14 year olds with Class II division 1 malocclusion treated using the FR2 or MTB appliance.

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Lai, Wei-An, Peter Kämpfer, A. B. Arun, Fo-Ting Shen, Birgit Huber, P. D. Rekha et Chiu-Chung Young. « Deinococcus ficus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Ficus religiosa L. » International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 56, n^o 4 (1 avril 2006) : 787–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64007-0.

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A pale-pink strain (CC-FR2-10T) from the rhizosphere of the sacred tree Ficus religiosa L. in Taiwan was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus, the highest sequence similarities being found with Deinococcus grandis (96·1 %), Deinococcus radiodurans (94·3 %), Deinococcus radiopugnans (93·2 %), Deinococcus indicus (93·0 %), Deinococcus proteolyticus (92·5 %), Deinococcus murrayi (92·4 %) and Deinococcus geothermalis (90·7 %). The DNA–DNA relatedness with respect to D. grandis DSM 3963T was 17·9 %. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain CC-FR2-10T contains only menaquinone MK-8 as the respiratory quinone, unknown phosphoglycolipids as the predominant polar lipids and 16 : 1ω7c, 17 : 1ω8c and 17 : 1ω9c iso as the predominant fatty acids. The biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain CC-FR2-10T represents a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus ficus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-FR2-10T (=CCUG 53391T=CIP 108832T).

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Wechter, W. Patrick, Melanie M. McMillan, Mark W. Farnham et Amnon Levi. « Watermelon Germplasm Lines USVL246-FR2 and USVL252-FR2 Tolerant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Race 2 ». HortScience 51, n^o 8 (août 2016) : 1065–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.8.1065.

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He, S., A. Lyznik et S. Mackenzie. « Pollen fertility restoration by nuclear gene Fr in CMS bean : nuclear-directed alteration of a mitochondrial population. » Genetics 139, n^o 2 (1 février 1995) : 955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.955.

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Abstract Two nuclear genes, Fr and Fr2, have been identified that restore pollen fertility to cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by apparently distinct mechanisms. Whereas Fr2 appears to suppress the expression of a male sterility associated mitochondrial sequence (designated pvs), Fr restores pollen fertility by causing the elimination of this unusual mitochondrial DNA-segment. To further investigate the mechanism of Fr action, Fr and Fr2 were cointroduced into the nucleus of a bean line containing the sterility inducing cytoplasm. When the effect of pvs was suppressed by Fr2, the presence of Fr no longer directed the elimination of the mitochondrial pvs sequence. This result suggests that the Fr function is dependent on proper expression of the pvs sequence. To evaluate the temporal and spatial patterns of Fr action, we undertook a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to trace the fate of the pvs sequence in different tissues of F2 and F3 fertile-restored plants derived from a genetic cross between a cytoplasmic male sterile line of common bean, CMS-Sprite (frfr), and fertility restorer line R351 (FrFr). We demonstrate that the Fr-directed disappearance of pvs sequence occurs during flower development. Elimination of the pvs sequence from developing megaspores results in permanent fertility restoration in the following generations. Genetic analysis demonstrated that permanent fertility restoration, that is, the complete elimination of pvs from reproductive tissues requires two doses of the Fr allele or the absence of fr in F2 individuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Zheng, Ruisheng, Liang Zhang, Bing Wang, Xiangliang Kong, Hongqiang Song, Zhao Wu, Shiwei Feng, Huadong Chen et Yao Chen. « Compound Eruptions of Twin Flux Ropes in a Solar Active Region ». Astrophysical Journal Letters 921, n^o 2 (1 novembre 2021) : L39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac33ae.

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Abstract Compound eruptions represent that multiple closely spaced magnetic structures erupt consecutively within a short interval, and then lead to a single flare and a single coronal mass ejection (CME). However, it is still subtle for the links between multiple eruptions and the associated single flare or/and single CME. In this Letter, we report the compound eruptions of twin close flux ropes (FR1 and FR2), which took place within a few minutes of each other, that resulted in a flare with a single soft X-ray peak and a CME with two cores. The successive groups of expanding loops and double peaks of intensity flux in Atmospheric Imaging Assembly cool wavelengths indicate two episodes of internal magnetic reconnections during the compound eruptions. Following the eruption of FR2, the erupting FR1 was accelerated, and then the expanding loops overlying FR2 were deflected. Moreover, the eruption of FR2 likely involved the external magnetic reconnection between the bottom of the overlying stretching field lines and the rebounding loops that were previously pushed by the eruption of FR1, which was evidenced by a pair of groups of newly formed loops. All results suggest that the compound eruptions involved both internal and external magnetic reconnections, and two erupting structures of twin FRs interacted at the initial stage. We propose that two episodes of internal magnetic reconnections were likely united within a few minutes to form the continuous impulsive phase of the single peaked flare, and the two separated cores of the CME were possibly caused because the latter core was too slow to merge with the former one.

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Teles, Amanda Mara, Gustavo Oliveira Everton, Adenilde Nascimento Mouchrek, Carla Junqueira Moragas Tellis, Geusa Felipa de Barros Bezerra, Fernando Almeida de Souza, Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo Santos et Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento. « Fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante do extrato obtido do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum advindo de ambiente marinho poluído do Maranhão ». Research, Society and Development 9, n^o 8 (17 juillet 2020) : e576986205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6205.

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Este artigo objetiva avaliar os fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante do extrato preparado do fungo Penicillium purpurogenum, obtido de um ambiente marinho poluído de São Luís-MA. A pesquisa foi realizada na Laguna da Jansen localizada no município de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil. Foram realizadas 4 coletas do sedimento no período de maio a setembro de 2017, no período matutino. As amostras foram obtidas de uma profundidade de até 73,5 cm com auxílio de uma draga metálica. A identificação do fungo seguiu metodologias de isolamento e posterior preparo dos extratos com avaliação dos fenólicos totais pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu e atividade antioxidante pelo método de sequestro do radical DPPH. A identificação confirmou a presença de Penicillium purpurogenum. Os extratos de P. purpurogenum variaram na quantificação de fenólicos totais de 791,00 mg EAT.g-1 para extrato FR1 e 650,82 mg EAT.g-1 para o FR2. Na atividade antioxidante, podemos verificar que o EC50 encontrados no extrato FR1 foi de 22,59 μg mL-1 e FR2 39,80 μg mL-1. Concluindo que o extrato FR2 apresentou forte atividade antioxidante enquanto que FR1 apresentou-se muito forte pelo método do radical DPPH.

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Mendes, M. « Asymmetry measures and allometric growth parameter estimates for investigate effect of early feed restriction on deviation from bilateral symmetry in broiler chickens ». Archives Animal Breeding 51, n^o 6 (10 octobre 2008) : 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-611-2008.

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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different feeding programs such as ad libitum feeding (AD), 20 % feed restriction based on ad libitum group (FR1) and not fed between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. (FR2) on deviation from bilateral symmetry or developmental stability in broiler chickens by means of two different approaches namely asymmetry measures and allometric growth model parameters. The weekly left and right sides of shank length, shank width, wing length and face width of chickens were collected from 7 days of age to 42 days of age. Results of this study showed that the deviations from the bilateral symmetry were mostly in fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the FR1 group birds. On the other hand, the deviations from the bilateral symmetry in the birds in group AD and FR2 were mostly in the form of anti-symmetry (AS) and directional asymmetry (DA) respectively. In this study, the deviation from the bilateral symmetry was mostly in FA type for the measured morphological characters for the FR1 group, and the FA level was usually lower indicating higher welfare level and lower developmental instability for these animals than that of the AD and FR2 groups. Allometric growth coefficients for evaluating the effects of the feeding programs on the developmental stability were a little bit different from the findings obtained by the asymmetry measures‘ being taken into account. Allometric growth parameters, therefore, should be taken into consideration, along with asymmetry measures when investigating effect of rearing conditions or environmental conditions on developmental stability. As a conclusion, intensive feeding (AD) and long-term feed restriction (FR2) can be said as an important environmental factor affecting developmental stability and dependently the animal welfare and performance.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Fr2"

COATTI, AURORA. « Heteromeric nicotinic receptors regulate developing and mature prefrontal circuits : interaction with other neuromodulators, and implications for sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199023.

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Il sistema colinergico proietta in modo diffuso alla corteccia prefrontale (PFC) matura e sostiene l’attivazione corticale durante la veglia e il sonno REM. Il ruolo dei recettori nicotinici (nAChRs) nel mediare questi processi è sempre più riconosciuto. Inoltre, i nAChRs regolano anche lo sviluppo dei circuiti corticali durante le prime settimane di vita. Innanzitutto abbiamo studiato topi esprimenti β2-V287L, una subunità mutata del nAChR associata all’epilessia notturna autosomica dominante del lobo frontale (ADNFLE). β2-V287L svolge la sua azione epilettogenica alterando la stabilizzazione sinaptica durante le fasi critiche della maturazione circuitale, infatti, la sua espressione durante le prime due settimane di vita è necessaria per lo sviluppo del fenotipo epilettico nel topo adulto. Questa fase critica, inoltre, coincide con lo switch del GABA da eccitatorio a inibitorio, determinato dalla diminuzione progressiva del rapporto tra l’espressione del cotrasportatore-1 Na+/K+/Cl- (NKCC1) e del cotrasportatore-2 (KCC2) K+/Cl-. La regolazione di questi trasportatori nella PFC e nel talamo è ancora largamente sconosciuta. Abbiamo indagato la distribuzione di NKCC1 e KCC2 in topi wild-type (WT) durante lo sviluppo. I livelli di entrambi i trasportatori aumentano progressivamente durante le prime due settimane di vita sia nella PFC che nella corteccia somato-sensoriale. Alla nascita, KCC2 è localizzato principalmente nei corpi cellulari neuronali e in seguito migra verso le membrane somato-dendritiche. In topi esprimenti β2-V287L, i livelli di KCC2 nel V strato della PFC a 8 giorni (P8) sono inferiori rispetto ai topi controllo, ma raggiungono livelli di espressione maggiori a P60. Anche la tempistica dello switch del GABA, misurato tramite patch perforato, risulta ritardato nel V strato della PFC nei topi mutati. Al momento della nascita NKCC1 e KCC2 sono molto espressi nel neuropilo dei nuclei talamici, indipendentemente dal genotipo. Il loro livello d’espressione rimane alto nei nuclei sensoriali nell’adulto, mentre KCC2 diminuisce significativamente nel nucleo reticolare a P40. Tale riduzione è più pronunciata nei topi esprimenti β2-V287L. Questi risultati indicano che i nAChRs contenenti la subunità β2 interagiscono con KCC2 durante la sinaptogenesi e questo può contribuire alla patogenesi dell’ADNFLE. In secondo luogo, abbiamo esplorato alcuni aspetti della complessa interazione tra i principali neurotrasmettitori che partecipano all’attivazione corticale, ovvero acetilcolina (ACh), noradrenalina (NE) e oressina A (OrxA), allo scopo di caratterizzare il loro effetto sull’eccitabilità del V strato della PFC. In particolare, tramite patch-clamp in topi WT adulti, abbiamo indagato il loro ruolo nel modulare il rilascio di glutammato sui neuroni piramidali del V strato. La somministrazione tonica di ACh stimola il rilascio di glutammato, principalmente attraverso i nAChRs contenenti la subunità α4. Inoltre, l’OrxA è in grado di stimolare il rilascio di glutammato sui neuroni piramidali attivando i recettori 1 dell’Orx (OrxR1). Anche basse concentrazioni di NE (10 nM) sono efficaci nell’aumentare il rilascio di glutammato. Possiamo concludere che questi neuromodulatori cooperano nel regolare la trasmissione glutammatergica nella PFC. Tale interazione potrebbe essere cruciale nella regolazione dei meccanismi cellulari alla base delle funzioni cognitive ed esecutive svolte da questa regione. Questo avviene sia in condizioni normali che patologiche, le quali sono spesso accompagnate da alterazioni dei ritmi theta, generati da dinamiche proprie dei neuroni piramidali. Questi risultati possono aiutare a comprendere la complessa regolazione dei microcircuiti della PFC, e pongono le basi per ulteriori indagini sui meccanismi patogenetici responsabili di anomalie corticali, tipiche di alcuni disordini legati al sonno, come l’epilessia frontale e la narcolessia con cataplessia.
The cholinergic system extensively innervates mature prefrontal cortex (PFC) and is critical to sustain cortical activation during wakefulness and REM sleep. The implication of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) in these processes is increasingly recognized. Moreover, nAChRs regulate developing cortical circuits during the first postnatal weeks. First, we studied mice expressing β2-V287L, a mutant subunit of the nAChR linked to Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE). β2-V287L exerts the epileptogenic action by altering the synaptic stabilization during sensitive phases of network maturation, since its expression during the first two postnatal weeks is necessary to develop the epileptic phenotype. The peak of postnatal expression of nAChRs coincides with the excitatory to inhibitory GABAergic switch, which is determined by the progressive decrease in the ratio between the expression of the Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter-1 (NKCC1) and the K+/Cl- cotransporter-2 (KCC2). How these transporters are regulated in PFC and thalamus is largely unknown. We first studied the distribution of NKCC1 and KCC2 in developing wild-type (WT) mice. The amount of NKCC1 and KCC2 in PFC and somatosensory cortex progressively increased during the first two postnatal weeks. NKCC1 was found in neurons as well as astrocytes. KCC2 was mainly localized in neuronal somata at birth, and subsequently migrated to the somatodendritic membranes. Next, in mice expressing β2-V287L, the KCC2 amount in PFC layer V was lower than in the control littermates at postnatal day 8 (P8), but reached higher amounts by P60. Consistently, the time course of the GABAergic switch was delayed in PFC layer V of mice carrying β2-V287L, as measured by perforated patch method. Irrespective of genotype, NKCC1 and KCC2 were highly expressed in the neuropil of thalamic nuclei at birth. Their amount remained high in the adult sensory nuclei, whereas a significant decrease of KCC2 was observed in the reticular nucleus by P40. Such a decrease was more pronounced in mice expressing β2-V287L. Our results indicate that β2-containing nAChRs interact with KCC2 during synaptogenesis as well as in mature circuits, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of ADNFLE. Second, we explored some aspects of the complex interplay between the main neurotransmitters involved in cortical arousal, i. e. acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and orexin A (OrxA), in order to characterize their combined effect on the PFC layer V circuit. In particular, by patch-clamp methods, we investigated how these neurotransmitters regulate glutamate release onto pyramidal neurons in PFC layer V of adult wild-type mice. Tonic administration of ACh stimulated glutamate release, mainly through α4-containing nAChRs. Moreover, OrxA increased the glutamate release onto pyramidal neurons, through Orx Receptor 1 (OrxR1). Low concentrations of NE (10 nM) were also effective in increasing glutamatergic release. We conclude that these neuromodulators cooperate in regulating glutamatergic transmission in PFC. Such interaction may be crucial in the cellular mechanisms underlying the cognitive and executive functions in this area, in normal and pathological conditions, which are often accompanied by alterations in the theta rhythms, largely determined by pyramidal neurons dynamics. These results may yield new insights into the complex regulation of the PFC microcircuit and lay the basis for further investigations on the pathogenic mechanisms responsible of altered cortical activity in sleep-related disorders such as frontal epilepsy and narcolepsy with cataplexy.

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Diouf, Nafi Colette. « Traitement de l'information internationale dans les journaux télévisés de Fr2, R-C, TV5 et RDI ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ33618.pdf.

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Campbell, Zachary Taylor. « STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195376.

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Despite the importance of molecular recognition in nearly all aspects of protein function, the determinants of specificity for enzyme-substrate and protein-protein interactions are poorly understood. The majority of these complexes involving bacterial luciferase from V. harveyi have yet to be fully characterized. Luciferase catalyzes the reaction of molecular oxygen, FMNH2 and a long-chain aliphatic aldehyde yielding FMN, the corresponding carboxylic acid and blue-green light. In vivo, luciferase is thought to obtain FMNH2 following transfer from a transiently associated oxidoreductase. To identify the oxidoreductase responsible for providing FMNH2 in E. coli, bioluminescence was compared using single gene deletion strains deficient in either a homolog to the endogenous V. harveyi oxidoreductase (Frp) or an oxidoreductase distantly related to luxG from V. fischeri (Fre). Fre is responsible for reducing flavin in vivo but does not physically interact with luciferase. The association between luciferase and the flavin product is also described. Luciferase was crystallized and subjected to soaking with high concentrations of FMN. A model was obtained for luciferase bound to FMN. Using molecular dynamics, models for the enzyme:aldehyde, enzyme:FMNH2, and luciferase bound to several reaction intermediates are presented. Finally, a conserved loop region adjacent to the active center was investigated for the ability to facilitate protein:protein interaction between luciferase and the endogenous Frp oxidoreductase. Following alanine mutagenesis of the charged residues throughout this loop, it appears that the residues targeted by this study are not components of a docking platform but facilitate a lid-gating mechanism of paramount importance for catalytic function.

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Sakkas, Symeon. « Prove di caratterizzazione meccanica del legame di adesione fra FRP ed acciaio ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/190/.

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Il progresso nella tecnica di recupero e di rinforzo nelle strutture metalliche con i polimeri fibro-rinforzati FRP (fibre reinforced polymers). 1.1 Introduzione nelle problematiche ricorrenti delle strutture metalliche. Le strutture moderne di una certa importanza, come i grattacieli o i ponti, hanno tempi e costi di costruzione molto elevati ed è allora di importanza fondamentale la loro durabilità, cioè la lunga vita utile e i bassi costi di manutenzione; manutenzione intesa anche come modo di restare a livelli prestazionali predefiniti. La definizione delle prestazioni comprende la capacità portante, la durabilità, la funzionalità e l’aspetto estetico. Se il livello prestazionale diventa troppo basso, diventa allora necessario intervenire per ripristinare le caratteristiche iniziali della struttura. Strutture con una lunga vita utile, come per la maggior parte delle strutture civili ed edilizie, dovranno soddisfare esigenze nuove o modificate: i mezzi di trasporto ad esempio sono diventati più pesanti e più diffusi, la velocità dei veicoli al giorno d'oggi è aumentata e ciò comporta anche maggiori carichi di tipo dinamico.

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Albicini, Laura. « I materiali compositi avanzati (FRP, FRG) classificazione e applicazioni nel restauro e ricostruzione post-sisma ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12168/.

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Questo lavoro mira alla conoscenza e all’approfondimento tecnologico ed applicativo dei materiali compositi fibrorinforzati in ambito edilizio. Dal punto di vista tecnologico con il termine compositi ci si riferisce a quella famiglia di materiali derivati dalla combinazione di due o più componenti di diversa natura allo scopo di ottenere un prodotto finale di prestazioni più elevate rispetto ai singoli materiali costituenti. In considerazione dell’elevato numero dei materiali costituenti, delle loro possibili combinazioni e della continua evoluzione della ricerca, parte sostanziale dell’elaborato verte sulla sistematizzazione delle informazioni reperibili sul mercato, dallo studio alla loro produzione. Il lavoro prende il via con una ricerca storica che tratteggia l’evoluzione dei materiali compositi e del loro utilizzo, dai primi impieghi ad oggi, con particolare riferimento all’ambito architettonico. Il passo successivo è stato analizzare i possibili prodotti finali, destinati all’edilizia, seguendo una precisa logica di trattazione, che parte dalla descrizione dei singoli elementi che lo compongono, all’esposizione più articolata delle caratteristiche meccaniche del composito, con l’obiettivo di giungere ad una sua catalogazione. Mi sono poi interessata alle caratteristiche meccaniche, ai meccanismi di crisi ed alle possibili metodologie applicative del materiale a disposizione del progettista il cui ambito si estende dal rinforzo strutturale, al delicato problema del restauro e della conservazione del patrimonio edilizio esistente e degli interventi post sisma. Ho concluso il testo con la presentazione di un caso studio di un intervento di miglioramento sismico di un edificio in pietra e laterizi di pregio architettonico, con un sistema in FRG.

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Thai, Thelin Jenny, et Vadman Ebba Florin. « Harmonisering av redovisningen för SME : Är regelverken princip eller regelbaserade ? » Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10407.

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En önskan om en enad internationell uppsättning av redovisningsstandarder har uppkommit på senare tid på grund av globaliseringen. FASB har i ett försök att närma sig IASB regelverk implementerat mer principer i US GAAP medan IASB har implementerat fler regler i IFRS. Trenden pekar mot harmoniseringen för att lyckas med en enad internationell uppsättning redovisningsstandarder. Globaliseringen påverkar inte enbart börsnoterade företag utan även små och medelstora företag (SME). Arbetet för harmonisering av små och medelstora företags (SME) regelverk har dock inte berörts i lika stor grad. Studiens syfte är att undersöka till vilken grad regelverken IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME är princip- eller regelbaserade gentemot varandra samt att utreda till vilken grad dessa är harmoniserade med varandra.För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ studie utförs med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Kvalitativ data används i uppbyggnad av den teoretiska referensramen med skriftliga källor i form av vetenskapliga artiklar. Empirin består av delar ur lagtexter av regelverken IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME som analyseras med utgångspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen.Det vi kom fram till var att IFRS for SME och FRS 102 är principbaserade regelverk medan FRF for SME är ett regelbaserat regelverk. När de sedan ställdes emot varandra betraktas FRS 102 precis som IFRS for SME som ett principbaserat regelverk men till en större grad. IFRS for SME och FRS 102 bedöms således som harmoniserade. FRF for SME anser vi å andra sidan vara ett regelbaserat regelverk och när det ställs emot IFRS for SME och FRS 102 anses det därmed svagt regelbaserade. Vi kan följaktligen inte betrakta FRS for SME som harmoniserade med varken IFRS for SME eller FRS 102.Vår studie bidrar därmed till litteratur om harmoniseringen av SME företag samt till IFRS for SME, FRS 102 och FRF for SME är huvudsakligen princip- eller regelbaserad. Dessutom görs en reflektion över om den enda aspekten med redovisningen är jämförbarhet då är det optimala läget för harmonisering när regelverken är stark regelbaserade.
AbstractA desire for a united international set of accounting standards has arisen in recent times due to globalization. FASB has in an attempt to approach the IASB regulations implemented more principles in US GAAP, while the IASB has implemented more rules in IFRS. The trend is pointing towards harmonization to succeed in the desire for an united international set of accounting standards. Globalisation does not only affect listed companies but also small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Harmonisation of these small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) framework have not been written about to the same degree as the listed companies. The study aims to examine to which extent regulations IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SME's are principle or rule-based to one another. The second purpose of the study is to investigate the degree to which these are harmonized with each other.A qualitative study with a content analyse have been conducted to fulfill the purpose of the study. Qualitative data is used in the construction of the theoretical framework in form of written sources such as scientific articles. The empirical data is also of qualitative character and consists of parts of the legal texts of the regulations IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SMEs. The empirical data is analyzed on the basis of the theoretical framework.The conclusion was that IFRS for SME and FRS 102 are principle-based frameworks while FRF for SMEs is a rules-based framework. When they were facing each other FRS 102 was considered as a principle-based regulations but to a greater degree then IFRS for SME. IFRS for SME and FRS 102 is consequently considered harmonized. FRF for SMEs on the other hand is a rules-based framework and when it is set against the IFRS for SME and FRS 102 it is considered weak rule-based. We cannot therefore regard FRS for SMEs harmonized with either IFRS for SMEs or FRS 102.Our study contributes to the literature on the harmonization of SME companies, and whether the IFRS for SME, FRS 102 and FRF for SMEs are mainly principle- or rulebased. In addition, a reflection on if the only aspect of the financial report is comparability then optimal framework for harmonization are one that is strong rulebased.

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Badinger, Harald, et de Clairfontaine Aurélien Fichet. « Trade Balance Dynamics and Exchange Rates : In Search of the J-Curve Using a Structural Gravity Approach ». WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5971/1/wp256.pdf.

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This paper uses a structural gravity approach, specifying currency movements as trade cost component to derive an empirical trade balance model, which incorporates multilateral resistance terms and accounts for the cross-country variation in the exchange rate pass-through into import and export prices. The model is estimated using quarterly bilateral trade flows between 47 countries over the period 2010Q1-2017Q2, disaggregated into 97 commodity groups. Our results support the existence of an "aggregate" J-curve, pooled over commodity groups; at the same time they point to considerable heterogeneity in the trade balance dynamics across industries below the surface of aggregate data.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Öberg, Nathalie, et Mikaela Ljungviken. « Komponentansatsen : i nationell och internationell redovisning ». Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17874.

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Samhället står ständigt inför utveckling, en effekt av det är att redovisningen går mot att bli mer global. Som följd av att internationell redovisning står inför utveckling har en vilja att förändra redovisningen nationellt utvecklats. Ett resultat av utveckling och modernisering av svensk redovisning är införandet av fyra nya regelverk, däribland K3-regelverk som blir gällande år 2014. En förändring som införandet av K3-regelverket medför är krav på komponentansatsen för materiella anläggningstillgångar. Komponentansatsen innebär att en materiell anläggningstillgång ska delas upp i betydande komponenter för att sedan skriva av komponenterna med separata nyttjandeperioder. Införandet av komponentansatsen i svensk redovisning har varit ett omdiskuterat ämne. Flertalet problem med införandet har lyfts fram i tidigare forskning. Som följd av komponentansatsens införande syftar vår studie till att undersöka ansatsen nationellt och internationellt.Studiens första syfte är att undersöka vilka möjligheter och begränsningar fem erfarna revisorer ser vid införandet av komponentansatsen i K3-regelverket samt om de tillfrågade revisorerna anser att komponentansatsen kommer att medföra problem. Vidare har en komparativ studie genomförts som undersökt hur komponentansatsen behandlas internationellt, vilket besvarar studiens andra syfte. Den internationella jämförelsen innefattar följande standarder: IFRS, IFRS for SMEs, FRS 102, FRF for SMEs samt standarder som ger uttryck för US GAAP.Genom studien kan det konstateras att de tillfrågade revisorerna ser både möjligheter och begränsningar med komponentansatsen. Överlag har de en positiv attityd till komponentansatsen. Det kommer som följd av att de tillfrågade revisorerna anser att komponentansatsen kommer att bidra till en mer rättvisande bild av ett företags ekonomiska ställning, i jämförelse med tidigare normgivning. Komponentansatsen bidrar till ett mer verklighetstroget avskrivningsförfarande vilket är grunden till att ansatsen medför en mer rättvisande bild enligt respondenterna. De tillfrågade revisorerna anger även vissa begränsningar vid införandet av komponentansatsen. De framhåller att det främst är inledningsfasen som kommer medföra problem med anledning av att K3-regelverket är ett principbaserat regelverk. Problemen som respondenterna anger uppstår som följd av att tillämpningen av komponentansatsen bygger på egna bedömningar och tolkningar. Vidare kan det, genom den komparativa studien, konstateras att det finns stora likheter i hur komponentansatsen behandlas internationellt. De undersökta standarderna är i många avseenden lika. Alla de undersökta standarderna tillåter att komponentansatsen tillämpas för materiella anläggningstillgångar, det är endast ASC 360 som inte ställer det som ett krav. Vidare uttrycker samtliga standarder att företag ska särredovisa komponenter om de har ett betydande värde, medan utformningen skiljer sig beträffande användandet av ordet väsentlig.
Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

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Li, Shiqing. « FRP rupture strains in FRP wrapped columns ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6246.

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Applying lateral confinement to concrete columns using fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is a very promising technique. FRP rupture is the typical failure mode of FRP wrapped columns under axial compression. numerous experiments have shown that the FRP rupture strain in an FRP wrapped circular column is significantly lower than the FRP ultimate rupture strain determined from flat coupon test of FRP. Despite a large number of studies on the application of FRP confined columns, the mechanisms and level of lower-than-apparent FRP rupture strain still remain unclear. This thesis presents theoretical, Numerical and experimental studies aiming at developing a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of this phenomenon. A comprehensive literature review was presented providing the background on FRP confined columns, material properties of FRP composites as well as some factors which may lead to premature FRP rupture. A FE analysis was conducted to investigate the FRP hoop strains in the split-disk test, explaining for the first time that the fundamental mechanism of the lower FRP rupture strain in the split-disk test than in the flat coupon test is because strain localisation due to geometric discontinuities at the ends of the FRP and bending of the FRP ring at the gap due to change of curvature caused by the relative moment of the two half disks, as the FRP (as a brittle material) ruptures once the maximum strain at one of these locations reaches the FRP rupture strain. A list of contributory factors affecting the apparent FRP rupture strain in FRP wrapped columns were next identified and classified. An analytical solution was developed to investigate the influence of the triaxial stress state on the FRP strain efficiency, this factor has been shown to have a potentially significant effect on the failure of the FRP wrap but considerable discrepancies exist between predictions using different failure criteria so further research has been identified in this area. FE models were developed to examine the effect of the geometrical discontinuities on the strain efficiency of FRP jackets in FRP wrapped concrete-filled circular steel tubes and FRP wrapped concrete columns. It is demonstrated that severe FRP hoop strain concentrations occur in very small zones near the ends of the FRP wrap in both types of FRP wrapped columns, leading to premature FRP rupture and thus lower strain efficiency. The combined effects of end constraint and FRP overlap on the behaviour of FRP wrapped concrete columns was investigated using a three dimensional FE model considering one half of the length of an FRP-wrapped concrete cylinder. The results have shown that the frication between both ends of a column and the loading platens provides constraints to the ends of the column, but this constraint has little effect on the strain concentration caused by the geometrical discontinuities of the FRP overlap, though the ultimate axial strain of the FRP wrapped columns can be significantly overestimated if the end constraints are not considered.

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Hu, Shenghua, et 胡盛华. « FRP-strengthened RC slabs anchored with FRP anchors ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849800.

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Existing reinforced concrete (RC) structure can be strengthened upon the addition of externally bonded high-strength light-weight fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. An abundance of research over the last two decades has established the effectiveness of the externally bonded FRP via extensive experimental testing. Perhaps the most commonly occurring failure mode though is premature debonding of the FRP and debonding generally occurs at strains well below the strain capacity of the FRP. Debonding failures are undesirable as they are typically brittle and represent an under-utilisation of the FRP material. A straightforward means to prevent or at least delay debonding is by the addition of mechanical anchors, however, research to date on anchors is extremely limited. Of the various anchor concepts examined to date by researchers, this dissertation will focus on anchors made from FRP which are herein referred to as FRP anchors. The details and results of a program of research on the performance of FRP anchors in FRP-strengthened structures are presented in this dissertation. An extensive review of exiting literature helps establish knowledge gaps which serve to justify the need and the scope of the research reported herein. A novel bow-tie FRP anchor concept is then proposed and tested in smaller-scale single-shear FRP-to-concrete joint assemblages as well as larger-scale simply-supported FRP-strengthened RC slabs. The anchors are shown to increase the strength and slip capacity of the joints by up to 41 % and almost 600 %, respectively, in comparison with unanchored control joints. The anchors are then shown to increase the load and deflection capacity of slabs by 30 % and 110 %, respectively, above an unanchored control slab. In addition to strength, it is the ability of FRP anchors to introduce deformability into FRP-strengthened RC slabs which is particularly beneficial in order to produce safer structures. An analytical model is then developed which is based on a novel quad-linear moment-curvature response which can capture the complete load-deflection response of the FRP-strengthened slabs anchored with FRP anchors. The analytical modeling approach enables closed-form equations to be derived which can then be used by design engineers to relatively easily construct load-deflections responses and accurately predict member responses. Following the concluding comments for the project as a whole, future research topics of relevance are identified.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy

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Livres sur le sujet "Fr2"

Hiyama, Tetsuya. Ondankasuru Shiberia no shizen to hito : Mizu kankyō o hajime to suru rikuiki seitaikei henka e no shakai no tekiō : Heisei 22-nendo FR2 kenkyū purojiekuto hōkoku. Kyōto-shi : Ningen Bunka Kenkyū Kikō Sōgō Chikyū Kankyōgaku Kenkyūjo, 2011.

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Mchangama, Jacob. Fri os fra friheden : En dansk historie om frihed i forfald. København] : Gyldendal, 2012.

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Bergesen, Helge Ole. En vei til fred : Hvis vi kan fri oss fra frykten. Oslo : Aschehoug, 1987.

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Ranney, Thomas A. Susceptibility of ABS, FEP, FRE, FRP, PTFE, and PVC well casings to degradation by chemicals. [Hanover, N.H.] : US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1995.

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Layseca, María Irene Soto. Los secretos del Fra-Fra. Santiago de Chile : Mosquito Editores, 1991.

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Layseca, María Irene Soto. Los secretos del fra-fra. Santiago de Chile : Mosquito Editores, 1991.

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Alekseevich, Astrein Grigoriĭ, dir. FRG. Moskva : Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenii͡a︡, 1993.

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Lasinger, Donia. ℗Der Signalnavigator : Fru hsignale aufspu ren und Innovationen ansto©en ; mit Best-Practice-Beispielen und Handlungsempfehlungen. Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2011.

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Parvathy, Usha. Behaviour of FRP-to-FRP and FRP-to-concrete bond. Ottawa : National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Mykland, Liv. Fri religionsutøvelse gjennom 150 år : Om kilder til dissenternes historie : en rapport fra Statsarkivet i Tromsø. Oslo : Riksarkivaren, 1997.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fr2"

Abdrabo, Karim I., Sameh A. Kantosh, Mohamed Saber, Tetsuya Sumi, Dina Elleithy, Omar M. Habiba et Bahaa Alboshy. « The Role of Urban Planning and Landscape Tools Concerning Flash Flood Risk Reduction Within Arid and Semiarid Regions ». Dans Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering : DPRI reports, 283–316. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_11.

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AbstractThis chapter highlights some substantial questions inquired by researchers to comprehend the flood risks (FRs) that occur in their cities as follows: (1) What is the impact of flooding on urban areas? (2) what effect does urbanization have on FR? (3) What are the existing nonstructural and structural mitigation measures for urban flooding? and (4) What is the role of urban planning and landscape tools in flood risk reduction (FRR) for cities as well as their inhabitants? The main messages in this chapter could be summarized as follows: (1) Comprehension of both the sources and types of flooding is vital if proper FRR measures are to be determined, (2) Unplanned urban growth could seriously put lives and properties at high risk (3) Land use planning and regulation, and Sustainable infrastructure for stormwater management through landscape architecture are fundamental measures for future FRR (4) The application of the urban planning approach for FRR in arid and semiarid regions has not yet received adequate attention and facing many challenges for its implementation, and finally (5) the combination of structural and nonstructural mitigation measures in spatial planning could be much more effective than using one type of measure alone.

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Felscher, Walter. « FLR2 = FEF = FP2 und Konsequenzen daraus ». Dans Berechenbarkeit, 219–27. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78019-6_16.

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Nayan, Mani, Aakash Varunendra et Megha Dadel. « Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Dumbbell-shaped Slot for 5G FR2 Applications ». Dans A Collection of Contemporary Research Articles in Electronics, Communication and Computation, 39. Mantech Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47531/mantech/ecc.2021.05.

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« FRI OS FRA NYDELSEN ». Dans Nydelse, 51–59. Aarhus University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.608265.7.

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Silva, Mafalda, Rita Durão, Catarina Alonso et Célia Gouveia. « Mediterranean fire danger classes based on the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System, taking into account the Fire Radiative Power products from SEVIRI/MSG satellite ». Dans Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1207–13. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_183.

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Fire danger rating systems (FDRS) are widely used across the world for many purposes from planning for daily deployment of fire suppression resources to the evaluation of fire management strategies. FDRS can also be incorporated in different types of models and regions to assess the short and long-term effects of specific fire regimes and fire management policies. The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (FWIS) is a widely known FDR system, being extensively applied for fire danger early warning in several regions around the world, namely over Europe. The FWIS includes a set of six sub-indices, based on meteorological data, to predict fire weather danger and fire behavior over regions under study. In order to have a reliable assessment of the fire danger based on the FWIS it is essential to define the most suitable threshold values for each danger class of the FWIS sub-indices over different regions. To establish those limit values for each class of the FWIS sub-indices, historical percentiles were computed for the period understudy, taking into account the occurred fire events (hotspots), despite the lack of information regarding fire events history and its relation to FWIS sub-indices. To accomplish the proposed validation, our approach is based on Fire Radiative Energy (FRE) released by each fire event that occurred in the Mediterranean region, over the study period. The FRE is computed from Fire Radiative Power (FRP) product as obtained from MSG/SEVIRI, generated and disseminated in near real-time by EUMETSAT in the framework of Land Surface Analysis Satellite Applications Facility (LSA SAF). Since FRP estimates the radiative power emitted by a given fire, it can be linked to local fuel burned amounts and be used as a proxy of fire intensity. By integrating FRP measures emitted during the lifetime of the fires that occurred over the regions under study, an estimate of the total FRE released can be easily obtained for each event. To obtain the FRE data for this work, it was considered the period of available FRP/SEVIRI data, from March 2010 to October 2021. Thresholds values of each defined danger class for the FWI, FFMC and ISI indices were calculated considering the total FRE hotspots registered, in agreement with the different fire regimes of the Mediterranean region. Since extreme wildfire patterns in Southern Mediterranean countries have been increasing over the last years, FRP/FRE products are a key tool to monitor and to improve fire managing activities, preparedness-including planning for deployment of fire suppression resources, over affected regions.

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« Horai (“Stagioni”) ». Dans FrC 3.5 Kratinos frr. 218-298, 180–258. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783949189623.180.

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« Seriphioi (“Uomini di Serifo”) ». Dans FrC 3.5 Kratinos frr. 218-298, 9–53. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783949189623.9.

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« Trophonios (“Trofonio”) ». Dans FrC 3.5 Kratinos frr. 218-298, 54–89. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783949189623.54.

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« Cheirones (“Chironi”) ». Dans FrC 3.5 Kratinos frr. 218-298, 91–179. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783949189623.91.

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« Premessa ». Dans FrC 3.5 Kratinos frr. 218-298, 7–8. Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783949189623.7.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Fr2"

Dilli, Ravilla. « Analysis of 5G Wireless Systems in FR1 and FR2 Frequency Bands ». Dans 2020 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimia48430.2020.9074973.

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Ahmed, M., K. Lenard, I. Hassan et N. Esmail. « Modeling of the Onset of Gas Entrainment From a Stratified Two-Phase Region Through Two Side Branches ». Dans ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45016.

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A theoretical analysis for the onset of gas pull-through (entrainment) during discharge from a stratified two-phase region through two vertically aligned side branches has been developed in this paper. Initially, a simplified point-sink model was developed; this was followed by the acquisition of a more accurate finite branch model. The predicted value of the critical height at the onset of gas entrainment was found to be a function of each branches’ corresponding Froude number (Fr1 and Fr2), as well as the ratio between the vertical distance connecting the centerlines of the two branches and the diameter of the branches (L/d). The predicted values of the critical heights were found to be consistent with the corresponding experimental data at different values of Fr1, Fr2 and L/d. From the basis of the present models, it was established that when increasing the flow through the lower branch, the critical height increased for all values of Fr1 and L/d. In addition, it was found that increasing the vertical distance between the two branches, reduced the effects of the lower branch on the determination of the critical height.

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Hausl, Christoph, Julian Emmert, Manuel Mielke, Benjamin Mehlhorn et Corbett Rowell. « Mobile Network Testing of 5G NR FR1 and FR2 Networks : Challenges and Solutions ». Dans 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769635.

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Rezaei, Amir, Philipp Schulz, Ahmad Awada, Ingo Viering et Gerhard Fettweis. « Load Balancing Potentials in 5G NR FR2 ». Dans 2022 IEEE 33rd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pimrc54779.2022.9977585.

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Nuutinen, Jukka-Pekka, Doug Reed et Alfonso Rodriguez-Herrera. « Large DUT Testing in FR2 MIMO OTA ». Dans 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769567.

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Reed, Doug, Alfonso Rodriguez-Herrera et Jukka-Pekka Nuutinen. « Polarization of BS Array in FR2 Deployments ». Dans 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769255.

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Kumari, Sweta, Sanjali Sharma et Anudeep Bellary. « Novel 5G patch antenna designs for FR1 and FR2 frequency bands with radio network planning ». Dans 2022 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mapcon56011.2022.10046814.

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Rodriguez-Herrera, Alfonso, Doug Reed et Jukka-Pekka Nuutinen. « Spatial Channel Model Validation for 3GPP FR2 MIMO OTA ». Dans 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap51087.2021.9411450.

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Nuutinen, Jukka-Pekka, Doug Reed et Alfonso Rodriguez-Herrera. « 5G MIMO OTA Testing on Frequency Range 2 (FR2) ». Dans 2020 XXXIIIrd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursigass49373.2020.9232420.

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Virk, Usman Tahir, Lassi Hentila, Pekka Kyosti et Jukka Kyrolainen. « Validating FR2 MIMO OTA Channel Models in 3D MPAC ». Dans 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap53622.2022.9769291.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fr2"

Rej, D. J., W. N. Hugrass, G. A. Barnes et R. E. Siemon. FRC formation experiments with tearing reconnection on the FRX-C/LSM device. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7153110.

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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur Schaffer et David Granot. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Fructose Accumulation : A Strategy to Improve Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7571353.bard.

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The goal of the research project was to evaluate the potential to genetically modify or engineer carbohydrate metabolism in tomato fruit to enhance levels of fructose, a sugar with nearly twice the sweetness value of other sugars. The specific research objectives to achieve that goal were to: 1. Establish the inheritance of a fructose-accumulating trait identified in F1 hybrids of an inferspecific cross between L. hirsutum XL. esculentum and identify linked molecular markers to facilitate its introgression into tomato cultivars. This objective was completed with the genetic data indicating a single major gene, termed Fgr (Fructose glucose ratio), that controlled the partitioning of hexose in the mature fruit. Molecular markers for the gene, were developed to aid introgression of this gene into cultivated tomato. In addition, a second major gene encoding fructokinase 2 (FK2) was found to be a determinant of the fructose to glucose ratio in fruit. The relationship between FK2 and Fgr is epistatic with a combined synergistic effect of the two hirsutum-derived genes on fructose/glucose ratios. 2. Characterize the metabolic and transport properties responsible for high fructose/glucose ratios in fructose-accumulating genotypes. The effect of both the Fgr and FK2 genes on the developmental accumulation of hexoses was studied in a wide range of genetic backgrounds. In all backgrounds the trait is a developmental one and that the increase in fructose to glucose ratio occurs at the breaker stage of fruit development. The following enzymes were assayed, none of which showed differences between genotypes, at either the breaker or ripe stage: invertase, sucrose synthase, FK1, FK2, hexokinase, PGI and PGM. The lack of effect of the FK2 gene on fructokinase activity is surprising and at present we have no explanation for the phenomenon. However, the hirsutum derived Fgr allele was associated with significantly lower levels of phosphorylated glucose, G1c-1-P and G1c-6-P and concomitantly higher levels of the phosphorylated fructose, Fru-6-P, in both the breaker and ripe stage. This suggests a significant role for the isomerase reaction. 3. Develop and implement molecular genetic strategies for the production of transgenic plants with altered levels of enzymes that potentially control fructose/glucose ratios in fruit. This objective focused on manipulating hexokinase and fructokinase expression in transgenic plants. Two highly divergent cDNA clones (Frk1 and Frk2), encoding fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4), were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a potato fructokinase cDNA clone was obtained from Dr. Howard Davies. Following expression in yeast, each fructokinase was identified to code for one of the tomato or potato fructokinase isoforms Transgenic tomato plants were generated with the fructokinase cDNA clone in both sense and antisense orientations and the effect of the gene on tomato plants is currently being studied.

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Granot, David, et Noel Michelle Holbrook. Role of Fructokinases in the Development and Function of the Vascular System. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592125.bard.

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Plant vascular tissues are superhighways whose development and function have profound implications for productivity, yield and stress response. Preliminary studies by the PI indicated that sugar metabolism mediated by fructokinases (FRKs) has a pronounced effect on the transport properties of the xylem. The goal of this research was to determine how the main fructokinase gene, FRK2, and the only plastidic fructokinase, FRK3, influence vascular development and physiology, emphasizing processes that occur at both the cellular and organismic level. We found that both genes are expressed in vascular tissues, but FRK3 is expressed primarily in vascular tissues of mature petioles. Vascular anatomy of plants with antisense suppression of FRK2 uncovered that FRK2 is necessary for xylem and phloem development, most likely due to its role in vascular cell-wall synthesis, and affects vascular development all over the plant. As a result, suppression of FRK2 reduced hydraulic conductivity of roots, stem and leaves and restricted sugar phloem transport. Vascular anatomy of plants with RNAi suppression of FRK3 uncovered that FRK3 is required for vascular development in mature petiole but its role is partially complemented by FRK2. Suppression of FRK3 combined with partial suppression of FRK2 had effects completely different from that of FRK2 suppression, resulting in wilting of mature leaves rather than young leaves of FRK2 suppressed plants, and decreased export of photoassimilates. This primary effect of FRK2 suppression on mature petioles had a secondary effect, reducing the hydraulic conductivity in roots and stem. The very fact that a plastidic fructokinase plays a role in vascular development is quite surprising and we are still seeking to uncover its metabolic mode-of-action. Yet, it is clear that these two fructokinases have different roles in the coordination between photosynthetic capacity and vascular development. We have started analyzing the role of the last third FRK, FRK1, and discovered that it is also expressed exclusively in vascular tissues. It appears therefore, that all FRKs studied here are involved in vascular development. An interesting unexpected outcome of this study was the connection of FRK2 with hormonal regulation of vascular development, most likely auxin. This observation together with the yet to be solved questions on the exact roles of FRK3 are the subjects of our current efforts.

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Tengesdal, Morten. Frå transistor til datamaskin. University of Stavanger, avril 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.196.

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Dette skrivet prøver å gi ei forståing av korleis datamaskinar er oppbygde og virkar. Ein ser også på korleis ein kan programmera mindre datamaskinar brukte til styring og overvaking av prosessar. Skrivet er laga for bruk i emnet Datamaskinarkitektur ved Universitetet i Stavanger (UiS). Det kan også brukast til å gi ei innføring i digitalteknikk generelt og som ein del av dette, mikroprosessoren sin struktur og virkemåte. Ein får også ei innføring i grunnlaget for konstruksjon av datamaskinar. Ein har prøvd å gjera framstillinga kort og klar. Hovudfokus er på dei ulike byggjesteinane i ein datamaskin og korleis digitalteknikk blir praktisert i dag. Mykje av den klassiske digitalteknikken som manuell logikkonstruksjon med enkle portar av ein type, manuell optimalisering av logikk vhja. Karnaugh-diagram og konstruksjon av tilstandsmaskinar basert på J-K-vipper er tillagt redusert vekt samanlikna med vanlege lærebøker. Utviklingsprosjekt i dag tar stort sett utgangspunkt i programmerbar elektronikk. Mange klassiske metodar er her innbakt i utviklingsverktøyet ein bruker, eller blir realisert på andre måtar. Tema som logikkoptimalisering er likevel tatt med til ein viss grad der dette høyrer heime. Emnet Datamaskinarkitektur kom inn som ein obligatorisk del av bachelorstudia i data og elektro ved UiS hausten 2013. Læringsmåla for desse bachelorstudia kan formulerast som vist i det følgjande. Studentane skal som ferdige ingeniørar i data vera i stand til å: - Forstå ulike typar operativsystem. - Spesifisera, utvikla og testa objektorienterte datasystem. - Utnytta kjente algoritmer og datastrukturar til å løysa konkrete datatekniske problem. - Utvikla og bruka databaser. - Planleggja og driva datasystem. - Vurdera og utvikla nettbaserte dataløysinger. Studentane skal som ferdige ingeniører i elektro vera i stand til å: - Analysera og konstruera mikroprosessorbaserte system og programvare for desse. - Vurdera måletekniske løysingar for ei gitt oppgåve. - Vurdera komponentar og metodar for overvaking og automatisering av prosessar og produksjonslinjer. - Konstruera og programmera PLS- baserte styringssystem. - Utvikla diskrete algoritmer for regulerings- og signalbehandlingsformål. Ei solid forståing av korleis ein datamaskin er oppbygd og virkar er eit grunnleggjande vilkår for dei fleste av desse måla. Skrivet blir som vist gjort tilgjengeleg under ein såkalla Creative Common-lisens. Dette gir brei tilgang og gjer det i tillegg mogleg å byggja på eit stort tilfang av materiell som er gjort tilgjengeleg under same lisens, f.eks. frå den store dugnadsbasen Wikimedia. I tillegg er det i skrivet brei bruk av referansar til utdjupande stoff på internett. Ein del av stoffet på mikroprosessorar og datamaskinkonstruksjon er basert på skrivet som blei laga for eit tidlegare datamaskinemne ved UiS. I tillegg er vedlegg A.1 basert på forelesingsnotat i digitalteknikk frå 2009 av Trygve Eftestøl, UiS. Desse notata innheldt også handteikna skisser av Tom Ryen, UiS. Elles har Jon Fidjeland, UiS, kome med mange verdifulle kommentarar undervegs i arbeidet. Sidan oppstarten i 2013 har rundt 400 studentar tatt emnet Datamaskinarkitektur, og spørsmåla og kommentarane frå dei har påverka utviklinga av skrivet gjennom desse åra. Skrivet er norsk. Engelske omgrep blir sett i hermeteikn viss dei blir nytta åleine og i parentes når dei blir viste saman med norsk utgåve av nemninga.

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Artana, Daniel, Cynthia Moskovits, Jorge Puig et Ivana Templado. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean : Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy ? : The case of Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003057.

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This paper analyzes the implementation of Fiscal Rules (FR) in Argentina. Several clear attempts to establish a FR at the national level are identified. The analysis suggests that the environment matters. The only FR that was binding in the period was approved in 2004 during an economic boom, with the country under a program with the IMF and with high political support. During the world financial crisis the expenditure ceilings were relaxed, however, and current primary expenditures soared. Simulations show that a countercyclical fund could have been implemented even after reducing highly distorting taxes at the federal and provincial levels, and at the same time securing a high level of capital expenditure as a share of GDP, had Argentina complied with the 2004 FR. Moreover, an econometric exploration of the link between flexible FRs and public investment finds that a flexible FR helps to mitigate the negative effects of fiscal consolidations on provincial public investment. Based on the previous analysis, guidelines for a proposal for a FR in Argentina are provided.

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Hilsen, Anne Inga, et Asbjørn Grimsmo. Underveisrapport fra prosjektet Gravide i handelsnæringen. Oslo : Arbeidsforskningsinstuttet, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/afi/fou/2011/4.

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Krall, N. A. A program of FRC theory research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5147898.

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YANOCHKO, R. M. Fuel Retrieval System (FRS) Design Verification. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/801159.

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Duthinh, Dat, et Kunwar Bajpai. Strength of an interlocking FRP connection. Gaithersburg, MD : National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6829.

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Prodell, A. Construction of Helical Magnets fro RHIC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1661621.

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