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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Forestry operation »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Paillé, Gilbert G. « The importance of forestry and forest engineering : Past present future ». Forestry Chronicle 79, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2003) : 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79876-5.

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Until 1900, Canada had no foresters involved in logging, practising forestry or doing research. Forest engineering as a discipline held no importance whatsoever. The forest was simply exploited for its timbers and most of the forest products were sold abroad. During the next 50 years, four Canadian universities opened forestry schools, some research activities were organized by the federal government, provincial governments, and industry. However, the importance of forest engineering did not grow much. Since 1950, however, the situation was turned around completely, as was the industry. While forest operations were completely mechanised everywhere in Canada with machines or concepts often developed in the USA or in Scandinavia, more forestry schools were opened, the federal government opened forest research laboratories, provincial governments acquired more expertise in this field, and forestry equipment manufacturers did considerable development work. A national forest engineering research institute was even created. In the future, the forest community will have to team up to raise the profile of forest engineering. Key words: co-operation, forest engineering, forestry, forestry education, forestry research, sustainable management

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Goldenberg, A. A., J. Wiercienski, P. Kuzan, C. Szymczyk, R. G. Fenton et B. Shaver. « A remote manipulator for forestry operation ». IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation 11, n^o 2 (avril 1995) : 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/70.370501.

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Sukhih, A., et O. Danilenko. « Actual aspects of forestry equipment operation ». Systems. Methods. Technologies, n^o 3(39) (2018) : 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18324/2077-5415-2018-3-84-87.

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Kromhout, C. P. « 3. Co-operation in Forestry and Forestry Research in South Africa ». South African Forestry Journal 141, n^o 1 (juin 1987) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1987.9630251.

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Salmivaara, Aura, Samuli Launiainen, Jari Perttunen, Paavo Nevalainen, Jonne Pohjankukka, Jari Ala-Ilomäki, Matti Sirén et al. « Towards dynamic forest trafficability prediction using open spatial data, hydrological modelling and sensor technology ». Forestry : An International Journal of Forest Research 93, n^o 5 (21 mai 2020) : 662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpaa010.

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Abstract Forest harvesting operations with heavy machinery can lead to significant soil rutting. Risks of rutting depend on the soil bearing capacity which has considerable spatial and temporal variability. Trafficability prediction is required in the selection of suitable operation sites for a given time window and conditions, and for on-site route optimization during the operation. Integrative tools are necessary to plan and carry out forest operations with minimal negative ecological and economic impacts. This study demonstrates a trafficability prediction framework that utilizes a spatial hydrological model and a wide range of spatial data. Trafficability was approached by producing a rut depth prediction map at a 16 × 16 m grid resolution, based on the outputs of a general linear mixed model developed using field data from Southern Finland, modelled daily soil moisture, spatial forest inventory and topography data, along with field measured rolling resistance and information on the mass transported through the grid cells. Dynamic rut depth prediction maps were produced by accounting for changing weather conditions through hydrological modelling. We also demonstrated a generalization of the rolling resistance coefficient, measured with harvester CAN-bus channel data. Future steps towards a nationwide prediction framework based on continuous data flow, process-based modelling and machine learning are discussed.

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Kizha, Anil Raj, Han-Sup Han, Nathaniel Anderson, Anil Koirala et Libin T. Louis. « Comparing Hot and Cold Loading in an Integrated Biomass Recovery Operation ». Forests 11, n^o 4 (28 mars 2020) : 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040385.

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The balance of production activities at the landing is pivotal to the success of any forest harvesting operation and has a direct impact on the cost and efficiency of the enterprise. The primary objective of this study was to understand the operational characteristics of the loader in a hot operation (handling both sawlog and biomass components concurrently) and cold operation (handling biomass and sawlogs separately) for harvesting sawlogs and biomass. Systematic work sampling techniques were employed to obtain “snapshots” of the loader activities for a cable logging operation, including the interaction of the loader with other operational phases and delay time for both hot and cold configurations. The results show that for hot loading at the landing, the yarder was the most utilized machine (85%), and was the bottleneck of the operation, followed by the loader (70%). In the hot loading configuration, 39% of operational delay during truck loading was caused by the loader and was predominantly due to movement of the loader within or between the landings. This was followed by the yarder (19%, due to rigging activities) and the chaser (15%, to maintain the crews’ safety). In the cold loading configuration, delays due to the unavailability of roll-off bins constituted up to 77% of the operational delay. This suggests that the number of bins and trucks hauling biomass has a crucial role in the overall efficiency of the biomass harvesting system, and should be well balanced with loading capacity. Additionally, the choice of hot or cold biomass loading operations is highly dependent on the site and operating conditions.

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Cristan, Richard, W. Michael Aust, M. Chad Bolding et Scott M. Barrett. « Estimated Sediment Protection Efficiences for Increasing Levels of Best Management Practices on Forest Harvests in the Piedmont, USA ». Forests 10, n^o 11 (7 novembre 2019) : 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110997.

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In-stream watershed level evaluations confirm that application of recommended forestry best management practices (BMPs) can minimize sedimentation following management, while on-site erosion research shows that BMPs reduce erosion from individual forest operations, thus implying watershed-level sediment reductions. Assessments of forest operations and sediment have developed very few sediment delivery ratios (SDR). Linking BMP levels (low, standard recommendation, high) within specific forest operations to sedimentation could enable managers to evaluate BMP effects. Reported data regarding forest operations, erosion rates and SDR by forest operation, and BMP implementation levels were sufficient within the Piedmont region to allow approximations of sediment delivery and BMP efficiency. Existing United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service reports and published erosion and sediment research were used to comprise the following method. For regional annual harvests, estimated sediment deliveries (Mg year−1) = annual harvest area (ha year−1) × weighted average erosion rate from all forest operations (Mg ha−1 year−1) × SDR (unitless ratio). Weighted average erosion rates for all forest operations were determined by applying areas in each operational activity (%) × estimated erosion per operation (Mg ha−1 year−1). In comparing published data, standard BMPs reduced estimated sedimentation by 75% compared to low BMP implementation levels. This supports forestry BMP efficiency findings reported for sediment removals in watershed studies. Higher levels of BMP implementation were estimated to potentially remove nearly all forest operation-produced sediment. Values of this pilot study should be viewed cautiously, as estimates were based on limited data, estimated operations, and limited SDRs; are based on BMP categories that vary between states; and address only one year following harvests. However, the approach provided approximations that facilitate BMP evaluations and can be improved with additional data. This methodology highlights the importance of accurate estimates of erosion rates, SDRs, sediment masses, and area for operations. This supports the importance of state programs, which have increased BMP implementation rates and compliance options with BMP program maturation.

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Warguła, Łukasz, Mateusz Kukla, Piotr Krawiec et Bartosz Wieczorek. « Impact of Number of Operators and Distance to Branch Piles on Woodchipper Operation ». Forests 11, n^o 5 (25 mai 2020) : 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050598.

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Branch chipping machines with low-power engines are distinguished with an intermittent operation due to a periodical supply of branches. A conventional drive speed control of these machines is not adapted to adjust the operating mode depending on frequency of material supply for shredding. This article discusses the issues related to the assessment of the application of adaptive systems similar in design to start–stop systems used in vehicles, as necessary in the driving of this type machine. During testing, an impact of a distance between a branch pile from the woodchipper, a number of operators on frequency of drive unit operating condition changes, and the mass and volume output (productivity) were considered. A percentage ratio of the active and passive (idle) operation in selected conditions of use was also determined. A low-power 9.5 kW engine-powered cylindrical-type woodchipper was used for testing. Material chopped in the chipper was freshly cut branches of oaks (Quercus L. Sp. Pl. 994. 1753) with a diameter in the largest cross-section ca. 80 mm and moisture content ca. 25%. Piles of branches were located at three different distances from the chipper, i.e., 3 m, 9 m and 15 m. Branches to the chipper were fed by one or two operators. It was demonstrated that the idle run time in tested conditions with one operator could be from 43% to 71% of the entire operating time. Frequency of operating condition changes when only one operator worked and fluctuated from ca. 6 to 2 times per minute. Increasing the number of operators from one to two had a slight impact on the frequency of operating condition changes (by ca. 7%) at the shortest distance from the chipper (3 m). However, at larger distances, the additional operator may increase the frequency of operating condition changes of the chipper by 77% for 9 m distance and 85% for 15 m distance. The mass and volumetric output of the cylindrical chipper in the most advantageous case is equal to 0.66 t/h and 3.5 m3/h, respectively. The increase of the branch pile distance from the chipper causes a drop in mass output by 32%, and volumetric output by 33.5%. The results of the tests confirmed the necessity for the development of low-power chipping machines designed for clearing operations rather than industrial production of biomass. A direction for development could be systems that adapt driving units to operating conditions, depending on a demand for the chipping process.

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Nový, Vladislav. « Optimisation of timber harvesting work of Logset 5H medium power harvester ». Forestry Journal 61, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0033.

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Abstract This article analyses field measurements of harvestor operation activities with the aim to search for optimum production conditions of the machine from the point of fuel consumption and operation efficiency. All applied measurement and calculation approaches are based on the methodology for the evaluation of the natural principle of minimax. This principle is one of the most complex decision-making principles in deploying technologies in these activities with minimum energy costs for machine operation, and with regard to the economy of operating these techniques. The measured and calculated values revealed that considering the stated criteria the optimum conditions of the tested machine occurred when a harvested stem had a volume between 0.2 and 0.4 m3.

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Berg, Simon, Mika Yoshida, Rin Sakurai et Hideo Sakai. « Productivity of loaders and forwarders in Japanese forestry operation conditions ». Journal of Forest Research 23, n^o 3 (3 mai 2018) : 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2018.1469208.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Lindroos, Ola. « Efficiency and safety in self-employed family forestry / ». Umeå : Dept. of Forest Resource Management and Geomatics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006110.pdf.

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Soler, Rafael Ribeiro. « Desempenho operacional e econômico do ensaio de uma plantadora tripla automatizada de mudas florestais / ». Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192922.

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Orientador: Saulo Philipe Sebastião Guerra
Resumo: O aumento da área plantada com florestas vem movimentando o setor de desenvolvimento de máquinas e equipamentos, que buscam inovar o mercado com novas soluções para a silvicultura. Sendo assim, novas alternativas surgem para a operação de plantio, com opções totalmente mecanizadas, a fim de aumentarem o rendimento e também agregarem funções em uma mesma operação. Com isso, avaliou-se uma plantadora tripla automatizada, que possui um sistema de georreferenciamento que controla sua movimentação e os locais a serem plantados. Foram mensurados os rendimentos operacionais em dois diferentes espaçamentos entre plantas, 3,5 x 1,8m e 3,5 x 2,3 m, sendo as mudas recém-plantadas avaliadas quanto à qualidade do plantio e seus espaçamentos aferidos como forma de avaliar o sistema de georreferenciamento. Após estas avaliações, realizou-se a análise econômica da operação, utilizando o modelo COST Action FP 0902. Os tratamentos adotados foram os espaçamentos entre plantas, adotando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado para análise dos rendimentos operacionais. Enquanto que para a análise qualitativa do plantio foram verificados a profundidade do plantio, a posição da muda em relação a cova e número de mudas por cova, bem como os espaçamentos entre plantas para cada tratamento. Considerando a análise dos rendimentos operacionais, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os tratamentos para o mesmo rendimento, e também entre os rendimentos para o mesmo tratamento. Os valores... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The increase in the planted area with forests has been moving the sector for the development of machinery and equipment, which seeks to innovate the market with new solutions for forestry. Thus, new alternatives appear for the planting operation, with fully mechanized options, to accelerate the yield and also add functions in the same operation. Thereby, an automated triple planter was evaluated, which has a georeferencing system that controls its movement and the spots to be planted. Yields were measured in two different spacing between plants, 3.5 x 1.8 m and 3.5 x 2.3 m, with the newly planted seedlings were evaluated for planting quality and their spacing measured as a way to evaluate the georeferencing system. After these evaluations, an economic analysis of the operation was carried out, using the COST Action FP 0902 model. The treatments adopted were the spacing between plants, adopting a completely randomized design for the analysis of the yields. While for the qualitative analysis of the planting, the planting depth was verified, the position of the seedling in relation to the pitch and the number of seedlings per pitch, as well as the spacing between plants for each treatment. Considering the analysis of the yields, there was a statistically significant difference between treatments for the same yield, and also between yields for the same treatment. The average values calculated for the yield without refilling were 893 seedlings hour-1 and 703 seedlings hour-1 for t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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NONINI, LUCA. « ASSESSMENT OF WOOD BIOMASS AND CARBON STOCK AND EVALUATION OF MACHINERY CHAINS PERFORMANCES IN ALPINE FORESTRY CONDITIONS : AN INNOVATIVE MODELLING APPROACH ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/846415.

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The PhD Thesis focuses on two topics: (i) assessment of forest wood and carbon (C) stock and (ii) forestry mechanization applicable at the forest stand level for any given conditions among those found in the Italian Alpine and pre-Alpine mountainous areas. Both these topics aim to improve the use of forestry resources for climate change mitigation, starting from a bottom-up approach scaled on the information made available by Forest Management Plans (FMP). After an introduction on the topics given in chapter 1, the first topic (assessment of forest wood and C stock) is investigated in chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5, by taking the Valle Camonica District (Lombardy Region, Italy) as Case Study Area. The aim is to develop a stand-level model to estimate the mass of wood (t·yr-1 dry matter, DM) and C (t·yr-1 C) in aboveground wood biomass, belowground wood biomass and dead organic matter (i.e., deadwood and litter), quantifying, at the same time, the mass of potentially available logging residues (i.e., branches and tops; t·yr-1 DM) for energy generation and the corresponding potentially generated energy (GJ·yr-1), under the assumption that wood replaces non-renewable energy sources. Chapter 2 presents the first version of the model, called “WOody biomass and Carbon ASsessment” (WOCAS v1), aimed at the quantification of the mass of wood and C in the forest pools in a predefined reference year, by using a methodology already applied at the regional and national level. The model was tested on a dataset of 2019 public forest stands extracted from 45 FMPs (area: 37000 ha) covering the period from 1984 (year in which the oldest FMP came into force) to 2016 (most recent available data from the local FMPs). Preliminary results showed that, in 2016, the total C stock (given by the sum of C stock in aboveground wood biomass, belowground wood biomass, and dead organic matter) achieved 76.02 t·ha-1 C. The model also gives the possibility to analyze future scenarios based on the continuation of the current management practices rather than improved practices, to define a possible mitigation strategy for the activation of a local Voluntary Carbon Market. WOCAS v1 was implemented into a second version (WOCAS v2), by introducing, first of all, an improved methodology to calculate the mass of wood (t·yr-1 DM) and C (t·yr-1 C) within the forest pools from the year in which the FMPs entry into force until a predefined reference year (chapter 3). The main innovative aspect of the improved methodology is that the gross annual increment of each stand is calculated through an age-independent theoretical non-linear growth function based on the merchantable stem mass, solving the limitation of WOCAS v1 in which the gross annual increment of the stand is assumed as constant, as reported by the FMPs. This improved methodology was applied to the same dataset used for WOCAS 1 (i.e., 2019 forest stands, 45 FMPs; forest area: 37000 ha; period: 1984-2016). The total weighted average wood yield, calculated as the sum of wood yield in all the above-mentioned forest pools, ranged from 53.36±53.13 t∙ha-1∙yr-1 DM (1984) to 156.38±79.76 t∙ha-1∙yr-1 DM (2016). The total weighted average C yield ranged from 26.63±26.80 t∙ha-1∙yr-1 C (1984) to 77.45±40.19 t∙ha-1∙yr-1 C (2016). The average C yield related to the whole analyzed period (1984-2016) was 66.04 t∙ha-1 C. Of this, C yield in the aboveground wood biomass, belowground wood biomass and dead organic matter was equal to 72.0%, 15.8% and 12.2%, respectively. Validation of the results at the stand level was performed by comparing the value of the gross annual increment provided by the FMPs with the one predicted by WOCAS v2. The model caused, in some cases, an overestimation and, in other cases, an underestimation. For example, for Larix decidua Mill. and for Picea abies L., the Pearson coefficient of correlation (r2) between predicted and provided increments was r2 = 0.69 and r2 = 0.46, respectively. This was due to the fact that the methodology currently implemented into WOCAS v2 is based on average values of growth parameters valid for the whole Lombardy Region, and does not consider the productivity class of the stands since specific information was not always made available by the FMPs. WOCAS v2 also includes an innovative methodology (chapter 4 and chapter 5) to quantify – as an additional climate change mitigation strategy – the mass of potentially available residues (t·yr-1 DM) for energy generation, the potentially generated heat and electricity (GJ·yr-1) and the potentially avoided CO2 emissions into the atmosphere related to the final combustion process (t·yr-1 CO2), under the assumption that wood substituted non-renewable energy sources. In chapter 4, since not all the required data were initially made available for the Case Study Area, the mass of residues was computed by considering only the stand’s function and the stand’s management system, covering the period from 1994 (year in which the first wood cut was performed) to 2016. The calculation was then improved (chapter 5) by taking into account also the stand’s accessibility, the forest roads’ transitability and the energy market demand. Information on topographic features, landscape morphology and characteristics of the forest roads were collected by combining the FMPs data coming from WOCAS v2 and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The georeferenced stands were characterized by both single contiguous areas (single stands), as well as different non-contiguous areas (sub-stands). Overall, 2157 polygons – consisting of both single and sub-stands – were analyzed, covering the period from 2009 (most recent available data on forest roads’ transitability) and 2016. The mass of potentially available residues calculated for the analyzed period was used to estimate the current sustainable supply (i.e., 1.82∙103±6.61∙102 t·yr-1 DM). Under the hypothesis that these residues were prepared into woodchips to feed the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit of the local centralized heating plant of Ponte di Legno, the potentially generated heat and electricity (GJ·yr-1) and the potentially avoided CO2 emissions into the atmosphere (t∙yr-1 CO2) for the final combustion process were estimated by assuming that: (i) heat generated by the ORC unit replaced the one produced by natural gas-based heating plants; (ii) electricity generated by the ORC unit replaced the one generated by the Italian natural gas-based plants-mix for combined heat and electricity production and distributed through the National grid. Results showed that if only the current sustainable mass of residues was used to feed the ORC unit of the plant, the potentially generated heat and electricity would represent at most 28.7% of that generated by the unit in the year 2019. The thermal and electric power would be equal to 0.70 MW and 0.17 MW, with an average power load of the ORC unit of 23.6%. Experimental tests are needed to collect information on the harvesting method, used machines and technologies – which considerably affect the mass of available resides – as well as the currently harvested mass of residues for the validation of the results, that up to now is not possible since no measured data are available yet at the stand level. The second topic (forestry mechanization) is investigated in chapter 6. The aim is to develop an innovative approach in order to: (i) select the most suitable Forestry Machinery Chain (FMC) to adopt at the stand level for wood collection (harvesting and transport) and (ii) compute the economic costs (€·h-1; €·t-1 DM; €) of the selected FMC. To make the selection feasible, a user-friendly stand-level model called “FOREstry MAchinery chain selection” (FOREMA v1) was developed. FOREMA v1 supports the user in selecting the FMC according to seven technical parameters that characterize the stand. For each FMC, the model defines the sequence of the operations and the types of machines that can be used. The economic costs of the selected FMC are then quantified by taking into account the fixed and the variable costs. The approach was applied for a Case Study concerning the collection of woodchips from a coppice stand in the Italian Alps for energy generation. The analyzed FMC was made up of the following operations: (i) felling, (ii) bunching and extraction, (iii) chipping and (iv) loading and transport. For the whole FMC, the cost per unit of time was 669.3 €·h-1; the cost per unit of product was 113.0 €·t DM, whereas the cost of production amounted to 6893.2 €. Results provided by FOREMA v1 still need to be validated; experimental tests are required to collect information on the operating conditions in which the machines are actually used and, consequently, on the corresponding economic costs. Obtained results on the costs of the operations were compared with that reported in literature and related to studies performed under similar forestry and operating conditions.

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Li, Yaoxiang. « Modeling operational forestry problems in central Appalachian hardwood forests ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3814.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 144 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-114).

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Folegatti, Bruno da Silveira Smidt Mathew F. « The application of precision forestry technologies in logging operations ». Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1975.

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Shrimpton, Nicole H. « An economic assessment of uneven-aged forestry based on the modelling of forestry operations ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/652.

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In recent years, interest in uneven-aged forestry has been increasing in Britain, particularly for sensitive areas such as recreation and amenity forests. Literature on the economics of uneven-aged forestry is scarce and few operational, uneven-aged forests are available for study. Therefore, in order to quantify the operating costs associated with uneven-aged forestry, a modelling approach was chosen. The resulting model is written in FORTRAN and uses a series of square two-dimensional arrays to represent a block of forest. The block may then be managed by clearfelling and replanting at a specified age, or by a system of group management with a choice of four group sizes. The resulting model was then used to investigate the effect of the following management strategies on operating times: 1. Varying the scale of working (i.e. the group size and forest size) in the uneven-aged forest. 2. Using shortwood or pole-length harvesting systems and a range of machine types within each harvesting system. 3. Varying the length of time taken to transform the structure of the forest from even-aged to uneven-aged. 4. Varying the age of the trees when the transformation from even-aged to uneven-aged structure begins. The results obtained from running the model show that the time taken to carry out an operation is influenced both by the absolute size of the group within the forest block and by the number of groups of that size within the forest block. This fragmentation effect explains why it is difficult to determine the absolute costs of working for a specific group size, because it is the combination of group size, number of groups and forest block size, which determines costs. Most of the results below are based on a range of group sizes from 1.000 ha. to 0.0625 ha., with a block size of 16 ha. Forwarders were penalized when the group size was decreased to 0.0625 ha. (-12% increase over clearfelling), because very small groups do not contain full forwarding loads and a large proportion of total forwarding time is spent manoeuvring into and out of groups. However, the operating times for the three group sizes 1.00 ha., 0.25 ha. and O. 1 1 ha. were very similar indicating that the group size can be quite small before any extra forwarding costs are incurred. On poor sites, the cost differential between the largest and smallest groups is greater. In contrast to forwarding, skidders are most penalized with the decision to adopt an uneven-aged system, and once that decision has been made, there is not a clear increase in costs with decreasing group size. During the transformation period, felling and thinning times in the uneven-aged system are significantly higher than those for the even-aged system, because trees are being harvested prematurely to create the early groups, but this difference is reduced once the forest is transformed. Felling and thinning times increase gradually as the group size decreases, because more care is needed for the felling operation and more time is needed for snedding coarse edge trees. Replanting times for the uneven-aged forest are approximately 8% - 14% higher than replanting times for clearfelling. The results from the model were then analysed using the EXCEL spreadsheet programme to examine, among other things, the cost implications of varying group size, and the relative profitability of uneven-aged and even-aged management. First,optimum ages to begin transformation were found, which varied with the Yield Class and discount rate chosen. Then, the effect of the length of the transformation period was examined and a long transformation period (80-years) was found to be preferable to a short transformation period (40-years). The analysis showed that at high discount rates even-aged and uneven-aged management had similar Net Present Values, but at lower discount rates the even-aged system was preferred. The greatest financial penalty was incurred with adoption of an uneven-aged system, and reducing the group size had relatively little impact on Net Present Values. Other costs and benefits, such as scenic beauty and recreation potential, could not be included in the model, because research relating these values to forest management variables has not been carried out. Therefore, these mostly non-financial factors were discussed for even-aged and uneven-aged forestry, based on a review of the literature.

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Coup, Charles E. « A Case Study Approach for Assessing Operational and Silvicultural Performance of Whole-Tree Biomass Harvesting in Maine ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CoupCE2009.pdf.

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Hall, Edith Carol Sonne. « Greenhouse gas emissions from Pacific Northwest forestry operations : implications for forest management / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5596.

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Barrett, Scott M. « Operational characteristics, erosion potential, and implementation of forestry best management practices on biomass harvesting operations ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23676.

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Utilization of woody biomass for energy is expected to increase rapidly and logging residues are a likely feedstock to meet increased demands. Potentials for increased biomass utilization have created concerns regarding possible impacts of using logging residues for energy. The overall goals of this project were to characterize biomass harvesting operations and to evaluate potential impacts on soil erosion and implementation of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water quality on biomass harvesting sites. Results indicate that biomass harvesting was integrated into a wide range of logging businesses. Existing biomass harvesting businesses reported total production levels ranging from 6 to 250 loads per week. The majority (98%) of biomass harvesting operations utilized integrated harvesting techniques where roundwood and fuel chips were produced concurrently. Potential erosion rates and BMP implementation scores were evaluated on ten biomass and ten conventional harvest sites in the Piedmont of Virginia. This study of 20 sites found no significant differences in overall estimated erosion rates between biomass harvests (0.7 tons ac-1 yr-1) and conventional harvests (0.8 tons ac-1 yr-1) (p=0.8282). Additionally, there were no significant differences observed in overall BMP implementation scores for biomass (85.2%) and conventional (81.3%) harvests (p=0.5930). A separate, but related study evaluated BMP implementation over a three year period on 88 biomass and 284 conventional harvests in the Piedmont of Virginia. Within the seven logging related BMP categories, only the Streamside Management Zones (SMZs) category had significant differences between biomass (83.1%) and conventional harvests (91.4%) (p=0.0010). Implementation score differences were not caused by insufficient residues for stabilization of bare soil but were apparently the result of operational decisions which resulted in lower implementation of BMPs related to SMZs. Overall, these findings indicate that existing BMPs appear adequate to protect water quality on biomass harvesting operations in the Virginia Piedmont when appropriately implemented.
Ph. D.

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Flisberg, Patrik. « Application of operations research in operative planning in the forest industry / ». Linköping : Department of Mathematics, Linköpings universitet, 2007. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2007/tek1104s.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Canada. Forest Industry Machinery Task Force. Synergy : A bonus from co-operation. Ottawa, Ont : Forest Industry Machinery Task Force, 1988.

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ASEF University (12th 2005 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei). Asia-Europe co-operation on the environment : Towards sustainable forest management : 12th ASEF University, 9-22 July 2005, Brunei Darussalam. [Singapore] : Asia-Europe Foundation, 2005.

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Agarwal, Anil. Strategies for the involvement of the landless and women in afforestation : Five case studies from India : a technical co-operation report. Geneva : World Employment Programme, International Labour Office, 1990.

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Golob, Theodore B. Analysis of short rotation forest operations. Ottawa : National Research Council of Canada, 1986.

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Ireland. Dept. of Energy. Forest Service., dir. Ireland forestry operational programme, 1989-1993. Dublin : Stationery Office, 1991.

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Heding, Niels. Forest operations in multiple-use forestry : A NSR project. Hørsholm, Denmark : Ministry of Environment and Energy, Danish Forest and Landscape Research Institute, 1995.

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1957-, Kent Brian Michael, et Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), dir. Operations guide for FORPLAN on microcomputers (release 13). Fort Collins, Colo : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1992.

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Forest Operations Planning and Control Symposium (1988 Heriot Watt University). A systems approach to forest operations planning and control : Proceedings of a IUFRO Working Group S3.04.01 (Forest Operations Planning and Control) Symposium held at Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, 25-29 July, 1988. London : HMSO, 1989.

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M, Kent Brian, et Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), dir. Operations guide for FORPLAN on microcomputers (release 13). Fort Collins, Colo : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1992.

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M, Kent Brian, et Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), dir. Operations guide for FORPLAN on microcomputers (release 14.2). Fort Collins, Colo : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Picchi, G., J. Sandak, S. Grigolato, P. Panzacchi et R. Tognetti. « Smart Harvest Operations and Timber Processing for Improved Forest Management ». Dans Climate-Smart Forestry in Mountain Regions, 317–59. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80767-2_9.

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AbstractClimate-smart forestry can be regarded as the evolution of traditional silviculture. As such, it must rely on smart harvesting equipment and techniques for a reliable and effective application. The introduction of sensors and digital information technologies in forest inventories, operation planning, and work execution enables the achievement of the desired results and provides a range of additional opportunities and data. The latter may help to better understand the results of management options on forest health, timber quality, and many other applications. The introduction of intelligent forest machines may multiply the beneficial effect of digital data gathered for forest monitoring and management, resulting in forest harvesting operations being more sustainable in terms of costs and environment. The interaction can be pushed even further by including the timber processing industry, which assesses physical and chemical characteristics of wood with sensors to optimize the transformation process. With the support of an item-level traceability system, the same data could provide a formidable contribution to CSF. The “memory” of wood could support scientists to understand the response of trees to climate-induced stresses and to design accordingly an adaptive silviculture, contributing to forest resilience in the face of future changes due to human-induced climate alteration.

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Cannell, Melvin G. R. « Ecosystem Properties and the Continued Operation of the Terrestrial Carbon Sink ». Dans Carbon Dioxide Mitigation in Forestry and Wood Industry, 341–51. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03608-2_19.

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Kent, Edward, Jason A. D. Atkin et Rong Qu. « Vehicle Routing in a Forestry Commissioning Operation Using Ant Colony Optimisation ». Dans Theory and Practice of Natural Computing, 95–106. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13749-0_9.

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Södergård, Caj. « Summary of Potential and Exploitation of Big Data and AI in Bioeconomy ». Dans Big Data in Bioeconomy, 417–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_32.

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AbstractIn this final chapter, we summarize the DataBio learnings about how to exploit big data and AI in bioeconomy. The development platform for the software used in the 27 pilots was a central tool. The Enterprise Architecture model Archimate laid a solid basis for the complex software in the pilots. Handling data from sensors and earth observation were shown in numerous pilots. Genomic data from crop species allows us to significantly speed up plant breeding by predicting plant properties in-silico. Data integration is crucial and we show how linked data enables searches over multiple datasets. Real-time processing of events provides insights for fast decision-making, for example about ship engine conditions. We show how sensitive bioeconomy data can be analysed in a privacy-preserving way. The agriculture pilots show with clear numbers the impact of big data and AI on precision agriculture, insurance and subsidies control. In forestry, DataBio developed several big data tools for forest monitoring. In fishery, we demonstrate how to reduce maintenance cost and time as well as fuel consumption in the operation of fishing vessels as well as how to accurately predict fish catches. The chapter ends with perspectives on earth observation, machine learning, data sharing and crowdsourcing.

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Silversides, C. R., et U. Sundberg. « Operational Efficiency ». Dans Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 3–4. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_2.

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Silversides, C. R., et U. Sundberg. « Control in Woodlands Operations ». Dans Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 50–62. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_5.

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Silversides, C. R., et U. Sundberg. « Influence of the Forest on Operations ». Dans Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 63–104. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_6.

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Pinfield, Lawrence T. « ForestCo ». Dans The Operation of Internal Labor Markets, 29–57. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1019-6_2.

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Sundberg, U., et C. R. Silversides. « Problem Identification ». Dans Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 1–42. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_1.

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Sundberg, U., et C. R. Silversides. « Problem Analysis ». Dans Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 43–92. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0504-2_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Yu-de, Geng, Wan Zhi-fang et Li Chun-hua. « Study on Operation Relationship among Forestry Enterprises ». Dans 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.313988.

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Skorik, A., et Yu Stepanova. « ON THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT ». Dans Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_292-297.

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This article lists the most acute problems of the forest industry today: illegal logging, forest fires, and outdated data on forest management. The article describes the positive results of the federal project “Forest Conservation”, which has been in operation since 2019, and the results of the first GIL cycle, which covered 85 regions and ended at the end of last year. The LesEGAIS system was launched, and a new Strategy for the development of the Russian forest complex until 2030 was adopted. The updated version of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation has entered into force. A unified electronic control system for industrial, sanitary and other wood felling is being created. The measures taken should restore order in the forestry sector and make forest management as careful and transparent as possible.

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Nitami, Toshio. « Design and Validation of Cable Forestry Operation by 3D Modeling/Simulation - Standardize, Rigging Up and Database of Operations – ». Dans The 1st International Electronic Conference on Forests — Forests for a Better Future : Sustainability, Innovation, Interdisciplinarity. Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-08034.

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Maita, Francesco, et Luca Maiolo. « Low power Wireless Sensor Network for precision agriculture : a battery-less operation scenario ». Dans 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/metroagrifor52389.2021.9628772.

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RZĄSA, Krzysztof, et Marek OGRYZEK. « THE SOCIAL ACTIONS OF THE STATE FORESTS IN POLAND ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.170.

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Poland is in one of a leading position in Europe in terms of forested area. Forests grow over 9.4 million hectares, which is 29.5% of the territory of Poland. The vast majority of this area is forests owned by the state, out of which almost 7.6 million hectares are under the management of the State Forests Holding. Educating society about forestry and environment is one of the main priorities of the State Forests. The State Forests’ educational offer is aimed at children, youths and adults, including people with disabilities. It is all about popularising knowledge about forestry and sustainable forest management. This article focuses on the social actions of the State Forests’ operations based on an analysis of the data obtained from reports made by the State Forests. These information and materials were analysed to identify the social aspects of actions carried out by the State Forests in Poland. The authors analysed various kinds of activities of the State Forests connected with social aims. The results of the analyses were presented in table format. The results were used to analyse and describe the social aspects of the State Forests’ operations in the forested area in Poland. The social actions of the State Forests in Poland have been very positively evaluated by the authors based on the achieved analyses.

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Fodor, Szabolcs, Carlos Vázquez, Leonid Freidovich et Nariman Sepehri. « Towards Oscillation Reduction in Forestry Cranes ». Dans BATH/ASME 2016 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2016-1792.

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Smooth operation of heavy-duty forestry cranes is not an easy task for the operators with the current joystick-based control method that is complex and non-intuitive. Moreover, abrupt movements of the same joysticks provoke aggressive signals that can lead to oscillatory motions in the actuators and in the entire crane. These oscillations, not only contribute to wear of the joint actuators but also can cause damage to both the operators and the environment; therefore, they must be attenuated. The proposed approach in this paper uses the popular input shaping control technique combined with a practical switching logic to deal with different frequency payload oscillations induced by the motion of the inner boom actuator of a forwarder crane. The results show a significant improvement in terms of visible oscillation reduction monitored through their appearance in the torque signal computed from pressure measurements. Experiments performed on a down-sized forestry crane verifies the effectiveness of the approach.

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Latinin, A., A. Shvyrev, M. Nikulin et E. Smirnova. « PROSPECTS OF THE THERMAL METHOD OF FLAW DETECTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES OF THE FOREST COMPLEX ». Dans Problems of road transport operation and ways to solve them on the basis of promising technologies. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/prtopt2021_45-48.

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The article discusses the possibility of using the method of active thermal control in relation to the forestry complex. Examples of the use of thermal flaw detection with a brief description of the research methodology are given.

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Ďatko, Ondrej, et Branislav Kandera. « Possibilities of using unmanned aerial vehicles in forestry and agriculture ». Dans Práce a štúdie. University of Zilina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.2.07.

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This work analyzes the penetration of the aviation, forestry and agriculture sector and aims to present forestry and agricultural activities where there is the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles. In the first chapter, the work deals with the characteristics of unmanned aerial vehicles, remote sensing, forestry and agriculture. The second chapter deals with a particular analyzes of scientific papers, articles and internet research, and on the basis of these analyzes presents examples of activities in which unmanned aerial vehicles can be used. The third chapter provides an overview of technological and software equipment needed to perform such activities or aerial work. In the fourth chapter, through the practical part, work focuses on examining the use of the mid-class unmanned aerial vehicle model for the plant health analysis, while providing justifications and findings from the results. As part of the practical part, it also provides practical information for the individual steps during the planning and operation of flight. In the fifth chapter, the work briefly summarizes the information and results collected, from which it suggests some possibilities for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, such as their use in the vaccination of foxes, and the recommended procedures for operating flights or aerial work.

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Posmetev, V. I. « ESTIMATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE REGENERATIVE HY-DRAULIC DRIVE FORESTRY TRACTOR WITH DISCOVER TRAILER ». Dans Innovative technologies in road transport. Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, Voronezh, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/itrt2021_19-24.

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Substantiated the actual direction of increasing the efficiency of timber road transport, which consists in the development and use in its design of recuperative mechanisms based on various methods of conversion and accumulation of compressed gas energy. A promising recuperative hydraulic drive of a timber tractor with a dismantling trailer has been proposed. A preliminary assessment of the operation of the mechanism for converting the energy of the working fluid into the energy of compressed gas has been carried out on the basis of simulation.

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Seligman, Bruce, et Frank Bercha. « ARKTOS New Developments ». Dans SNAME 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-140.

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The ARKTOS vehicle is an amphibious craft system capable of operation in a wide range of Arctic ice conditions and seastates. It is approved as an evacuation system by various regulators, including the US Coast Guard (USCG), and is currently operational in several marine cold regions as an EER and utility system. Following is a description of recent additional operational and ergonomical tests of the 52 Person USCG Approved ARKTOS Evacuation Craft. This description is followed by a summary of some of the ongoing developments for the system in oil spill control, ice management, and its extension to new applications in forestry and pipeline construction in swampy locations. As part of a reliability investigation of the ARKTOS EER capability, a series of non-Arctic calm condition manoeuvrability and performance drills were carried out to focus on both global performance and operator ergonomic factors. These tests were carried out at a temperate location in the Fraser River Delta and Robert’s Bank, near Vancouver, B.C. Operation of the Craft in deep water with jets only, shallow water using both tracks and jets, and on tidal flats above water using tracks only. The planned utilization of the Craft by ENI Petroleum, Inc. in the Beaufort Sea is described. Next, descriptions of some other current new developments for oil spill cleanup, river and sea ice management, and disaster response applications are given. Conclusions and recommendations for further developments and reliability improvements are given.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Forestry operation"

Venäläinen, Ari, Sanna Luhtala, Mikko Laapas, Otto Hyvärinen, Hilppa Gregow, Mikko Strahlendorff, Mikko Peltoniemi et al. Sää- ja ilmastotiedot sekä uudet palvelut auttavat metsäbiotaloutta sopeutumaan ilmastonmuutokseen. Finnish Meteorological Institute, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361317.

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Climate change will increase weather induced risks to forests, and thus effective adaptation measures are needed. In Säätyö project funded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we have summarized the data that facilitate adaptation measures, developed weather and climate services that benefit forestry, and mapped what kind of new weather and climate services are needed in forestry. In addition, we have recorded key further development needs to promote adaptation. The Säätyö project developed a service product describing the harvesting conditions of trees based on the soil moisture assessment. The output includes an analysis of the current situation and a 10-day forecast. In the project we also tested the usefulness of long forecasts beyond three months. The weather forecasting service is sidelined and supplemented by another co-operation project between the Finnish Meteorological Institute and Metsäteho called HarvesterSeasons (https://harvesterseasons.com/). The HarvesterSeasons service utilizes long-term forecasts of up to 6 months to assess terrain bearing conditions. A test version of a wind damage risk tool was developed in cooperation with the Department of Forest Sciences of the University of Eastern Finland and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. It can be used to calculate the wind speeds required in a forest area for wind damage (falling trees). It is currently only suitable for researcher use. In the Säätyö project the possibility of locating the most severe wind damage areas immediately after a storm was also tested. The method is based on the spatial interpolation of wind observations. The method was used to analyze storms that caused forest damages in the summer and fall of 2020. The produced maps were considered illustrative and useful to those responsible for compiling the situational picture. The accumulation of snow on tree branches, can be modeled using weather data such as rainfall, temperature, air humidity, and wind speed. In the Säätyö project, the snow damage risk assessment model was further developed in such a way that, in addition to the accumulated snow load amount, the characteristics of the stand and the variations in terrain height were also taken into account. According to the verification performed, the importance of abiotic factors increased under extreme snow load conditions (winter 2017-2018). In ordinary winters, the importance of biotic factors was emphasized. According to the comparison, the actual snow damage could be explained well with the tested model. In the interviews and workshop, the uses of information products, their benefits, the conditions for their introduction and development opportunities were mapped. According to the results, diverse uses and benefits of information products and services were seen. Information products would make it possible to develop proactive forest management, which would reduce the economic costs caused by wind and snow damages. A more up-to-date understanding of harvesting conditions, enabled by information products, would enhance the implementation of harvesting and harvesting operations and the management of timber stocks, as well as reduce terrain, trunk and root damage. According to the study, the introduction of information is particularly affected by the availability of timeliness. Although the interviewees were not currently willing to pay for the information products developed in the project, the interviews highlighted several suggestions for the development of information products, which could make it possible to commercialize them.

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Marcos Morezuelas, Paloma. Gender, Forests and Climate Change. Inter-American Development Bank, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003072.

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As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.

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Bhatt, Parth, Curtis Edson et Ann MacLean. Image Processing in Dense Forest Areas using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). Michigan Technological University, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.michigantech-p/16366.

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Imagery collected via Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) platforms has become popular in recent years due to improvements in a Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera (centimeter and sub-centimeter), lower operation costs as compared to human piloted aircraft, and the ability to collect data over areas with limited ground access. Many different application (e.g., forestry, agriculture, geology, archaeology) are already using and utilizing the advantages of UAS data. Although, there are numerous UAS image processing workflows, for each application the approach can be different. In this study, we developed a processing workflow of UAS imagery collected in a dense forest (e.g., coniferous/deciduous forest and contiguous wetlands) area allowing users to process large datasets with acceptable mosaicking and georeferencing errors. Imagery was acquired with near-infrared (NIR) and red, green, blue (RGB) cameras with no ground control points. Image quality of two different UAS collection platforms were observed. Agisoft Metashape, a photogrammetric suite, which uses SfM (Structure from Motion) techniques, was used to process the imagery. The results showed that an UAS having a consumer grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) onboard had better image alignment than an UAS with lower quality GNSS.

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Leis, Sherry, Mike DeBacker, Lloyd Morrison, Gareth Rowell et Jennifer Haack. Vegetation community monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network : Narrative, Version 4.0. Sous la direction de Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294948.

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Native and restored plant communities are part of the foundation of park ecosystems and provide a natural context to cultural and historical events in parks throughout the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN). Vegetation communities across the HTLN are primarily of three types: prairie, woodland, and forest. Park resource managers need an eﬀective plant community monitoring protocol to guide the development and adaptation of management strategies for maintaining and/or restoring composition and structure of prairies, woodland, and forest communities. Our monitoring design attempts to balance the needs of managers for current information and the need for insight into the changes occurring in vegetation communities over time. This monitoring protocol consists of a protocol narrative (this document) and 18 standard operating procedures (SOPs) for monitoring plant communities in HTLN parks. The scientiﬁc objectives of HTLN plant community monitoring are to (1) describe the species composition, structure, and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; (2) determine temporal changes in the species composition, structure and diversity of prairie, woodland, and forested communities; and (3) determine the relationship between temporal and spatial changes and environmental variables, including speciﬁc management practices where possible. This protocol narrative describes the sampling design for plant communities, including the response design (data collection methods), spatial design (distribution of sampling sites within a park), and revisit design (timing and frequency of monitoring visits). Details can be found in the SOPs, which are listed in the Revision History section and available at the Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) website (irma.nps.gov). Other aspects of the protocol summarized in the narrative include procedures for data management and reporting, personnel and operating requirements, and instructions for how to revise the protocol.

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Blinn, Charles R., et Michael A. Thompson. Planning and implementing forest operations to achieve sustainable forests : Proceedings of papers presented at the joint meeting of the Council on Forest Engineering and International Union of Forest Research Organizations. St. Paul, MN : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-186.

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Aalto, Juha, et Ari Venäläinen, dir. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.

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Deal, Robert, Lisa Fong, Erin Phelps, Emily Weidner, Jonas Epstein, Tommie Herbert, Mary Snieckus, Nikola Smith, Tania Ellersick et Greg Arthaud. Integrating ecosystem services into national Forest Service policy and operations. Portland, OR : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-943.

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Solaun, Kepa, Chiquita Resomardono, Katharina Hess, Helena Antich, Gerard Alleng et Adrián Flores. State of the Climate Report : Suriname : Summary for Policy Makers. Inter-American Development Bank, juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003415.

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Several factors contribute to Surinames particular vulnerability to the effects of climate change. It is dependent on fossil fuels, has forests liable to decay, fragile ecosystems, and its low-lying coastal area accounts for 87% of the population and most of the countrys economic activity. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should serve as enablers for an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancement into day-to-day government operations.

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Bower, Andrew, Vicky Erickson, Holly R. Prendeville, J. Brad St. Clair, Gwynne Corrigan, Kai Foster, Gladwin Joseph, Nikolas Stevenson-Molnar et Deanne DiPietro. Seedlot Selection Tool Guidebook for USFS Region 6 Silviculturists. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.7807781.ch.

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The Seedlot Selection Tool (SST) - Guidebook offers six examples that demonstrate the basic operation and settings options for the SST, as well as guidance on use of the application in different reforestation scenarios typically encountered on National Forest System lands in the USFS Pacific Northwest Region 6. The guidebook will help Region 6 silviculturists and reforestation specialists use the SST in planning their nursery and reforestation activities while considering current and future climate conditions.

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