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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Foreign exchange – Germany »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Foreign exchange – Germany"

Gehrig, Sebastian. "Informal Cold War Envoys: West German and East German Cultural Diplomacy in East Asia." Journal of Cold War Studies 24, no. 4 (2022): 112–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01092.

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Abstract The bifurcation of Germany during the Cold War induced the two German states to compete around the world over German cultural sovereignty, as they offered rival conceptions of what it meant to be German. The contest over this matter was fueled not only by the division of Germany but also by the military occupation. With restrictions imposed on both governments in their foreign policy activities during the early Cold War, foreign cultural diplomacy (auswärtige Kulturpolitik), a form of proxy diplomacy developed in the interwar period, became a crucial means of forging ties with countries outside Europe. This article traces how the two German governments sent language teachers, artists, academics, musicians, and exchange students to Asia as cultural ambassadors in a bid to reestablish a German presence. Divided countries along the Bamboo Curtain, especially the People's Republic of China, became the most important battlegrounds in the competition for hegemony in representing Germany in Asia. The need to engage in foreign cultural diplomacy also brought Asian ideological conflicts home to Germany. Exchange visitors and their governments tried to achieve their own interests by steering a middle course between the two German states. Foreign cultural diplomacy thus was an essential—and complicated—part of “soft power” for both German governments in trying to win over foreign audiences.

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Barinov, Eduard. "Exchanges of foreign countries." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 19, no. 2 (2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2020-19-2-90-99.

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The article deals with exchanges of a number of foreign countries. The changes that have taken place in this segment of the financial market over the past decades are noted. Data on exchanges in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, China and other countries are provided. The mechanism of placement of securities on the exchange market is described.

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Shi, Fangjun. "A Preliminary Research on the Art Exchange Activities Between China and the GDR from 1949 to 1989." Studies in Art and Architecture 1, no. 1 (2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/saa.2022.12.04.

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After the end of the Second World War, Germany was divided into two parts. The political, economic, cultural, and artistic policies implemented by the German Democratic Republic (also known as East Germany), dominated by socialist ideology, followed the pace of the Soviet Union. At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it maintained friendly and cooperative relations with Eastern European countries such as the GDR. It organized a variety of exchange activities at the cultural level. From the perspective of the sociology of art, this paper discusses the foreign exchange strategies of the founding of China and the Eastern European countries that were also socialist camps, especially the art development of the GDR. At the same time, it sorts out the art exchange activities and interactive trajectories between China and the GDR from 1949 to 1989, thus deepening the understanding of cultural exchanges with foreign countries during the construction of China.

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Satbergenova, A. K., A. B. Kongyrbayeva, and K. K. Rymkulov. "Foreign exchange of experience on the way of perfecting knowledge." Geodesy and Cartography 945, no. 3 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2019-945-3-57-64.

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15 undergraduates’ study tour to DAAD – German Academic Exchange Service in search of new knowledge under the guidance of A. Satbergenova is considered. This article is devoted to the study of experience in the field of geodesy, geoinformatics, land management technologies, geotechnics, recycling household waste, development and implementation in everyday life. The authors tell about visiting cities, universities and mining facilities that the undergraduates saw in Germany. Arranging foreign trips has a positive impact on the results of undergraduates and doctors, promotes the development of collective cooperation, causes a desire to make research and development in local universities, stimulates increasing the level of mastering foreign languages and strengthens patriotic feelings for the Motherland. All participants of the trip express their gratitude to the German Academic Exchange Service – DAAD, as well as to all the leaders who provided the assistance and support in organizing valuable scientific, educational and cultural visit to Germany.

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Kraft, Gerhard, and Sigrid Zielinski. "Like-kind Exchanges Pursuant to Section 1031 Internal Revenue Code and their Consequences under German CFC-rules." Intertax 41, Issue 3 (2013): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2013013.

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On the basis of sound economic reasoning, numerous tax systems have provisions that allow for tax-free exchanges of like-kind property. When the property is sold after the exchange the gain will usually be taxed so that it is in fact not a tax-free exchange but rather a deferral of taxation until the sale of the property. After a brief overview of the basic like-kind exchange rules under the US Internal Revenue Code (IRC) and the basic concepts of the German Controlled Foreign Corporations (CFC-) rules, this article discusses the possible consequences of a like-kind exchange of US property by a US corporation, owned and controlled by shareholders resident in Germany under German CFC-rules. As a few examples will demonstrate, a like-kind exchange under US law could - if certain conditions are met - lead to the application of German CFC-rules thereby reversing the non-recognition event. In these instances, German CFC legislation overreaches the basic purpose of CFC-rules - to prevent or reduce abuse and designs for tax evasions.

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Oberlechner, Thomas. "Evaluation of Currencies in the Foreign Exchange Market: Attitudes and Expectations of Foreign Exchange Traders." Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 32, no. 3 (2001): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0044-3514.32.3.180.

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Summary: This article examines whether there is a connection between the attitudes of traders in the foreign exchange market and their expectations of future exchange rate developments. A psychological understanding of expectations is contrasted to the prevailing economic view of rational expectations. Findings are based on a questionnaire survey of 321 foreign exchange traders in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and the UK. Factor analyses of semantic differential ratings of currencies result in three main factors on which currencies are evaluated. Foreign exchange traders of smaller countries (Austria, Switzerland) evaluate their home currency more positively than do other traders. Positive attitudes toward a currency correlate with expectations of currency appreciation. Social Identity Theory helps to explain the observed differences in evaluations of domestic currencies. In order to better understand financial markets, the economic assumption that expectations of market participants are unbiased and rational has to be replaced by a psychology of human market expectations.

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Rustamova, L. R. "THE DEFINING FEATURES OF SOFT POWER STRATEGY IN GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(46) (February 28, 2016): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-1-46-118-128.

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The defeat in the Second World War made Germany very carefully select the foreign policy concepts, which is still actual for the country. Until now, any political idea, even an indirect indication to the desire to establish German hegemony, could cause the deterioration of relations with partners in the EU and other neighboring countries. In these circumstances, Germany has chosen as the most appropriate foreign policy strategy for the promotion of the national interests the use of so-called "soft power" - the ability to encourage others to do what you want with the help of appeal, rather than through the manipulation of material needs. Germany has a large number of resources to implement the policy of "soft power." The German non-governmental organizations, political foundations are making a great contribution to make foreign policy attractive and spread political values. Organizations involved in exchange programs, scientific cooperation contribute to the expansion of German language and culture. A distinctive feature of German "soft power" organizations is that, despite the financing from the state, they retain the civilian nature of their activities, which is a necessary condition for the successful application of the concept. Another feature of German "soft power" is that its resources are directed not only at foreign audiences, but also German citizens. The key tasks of German soft power concept are to build a positive image of the country, to change its international legal status and to play the leading role in the EU.

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Welch, David. "Citizenship and Politics: The Legacy of Wilton Park for Post-War Reconstruction." Contemporary European History 6, no. 2 (1997): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300004537.

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Writing in 1965 in Britain Looks to Germany, Donald Cameron Watt concluded:Perhaps the biggest successes scored by the Education Branch lay in the programme of exchange visits at all levels, in the discovery and encouragement of a new generation of teachers in Germany.…and most imaginatively of all in the opening up of the Wilton Park Centre to which leaders of opinion in Germany came for short residential courses on British democratic practice. Politicians, journalists, teachers, academics, trades unionists mingle together in these courses, and so valuable did the centre appear to German opinion that it was German initiative and German financial contribution which helped to preserve it in its present form when a niggardly Treasury and a disastrously unimaginative Foreign Secretary threatened to abolish it. Its impact on German life and on the political elites of West Germany has been incalculable.

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Arize, Augustine C., Charles J. Berendt, Giuliana Campanelli Andreopoulos, Ioannis N. Kallianiotis, and John Malindretos. "Foreign Currency Prognostication: Diverse Tests for Germany." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 3 (2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n3p111.

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This paper uses a large variety of different models and examines the predictive performance of these exchange rate models by applying parametric and non-parametric techniques. For forecasting, we will choose that predictor with the smallest root mean square forecast error (RMSE). The results show that the better models are in equations (3), (10), (17), and (18), although none gives a perfect forecast. At the end, error correction versions of the models will be fit so that plausible long-run elasticities can be imposed on the fundamental variables of each model.

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Gruber, Alice, and Angela C. Bailey. "Examining EFL students’ pluricultural and plurilingual development during intercultural virtual exchanges between Colombia and Germany." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 11, no. 1 (2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v11i1.5148.

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This study examined intermediate students English as a foreign language (EFL) perception of their plurilingual and pluricultural competence, via online interaction and mediation through a virtual exchange project. Virtual exchanges are a means for inter- and intracultural development, language proficiency, and personal growth and transformation. Results of pre- and post-project questionnaires, as well as surveys, show shifts in cultural knowledge construction, adaptation to novel social co-participation situations, and recognition of the need for cultural awareness. Pedagogical implications for both the classroom and the implementation of virtual exchange projects are discussed.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Foreign exchange – Germany"

Woo, Kai-Yin. "Empirical testing for bubbles during the inter-war European hyperinflations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25424.

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In this thesis, I undertake an empirical search for the existence of price and exchange rate bubbles during the inter-war European hyperinflations of Germany, Hungary and Poland. Since the choice of an appropriate policy to control inflation depends upon the true nature of the underlying process generating the inflation, the existence or non-existence of inflationary bubbles has important policy implications. If bubbles do exist, positive action will be required to counter the public's self-fulfilling expectation of a price surge. Hyperinflationary episodes have been chosen as my case study because of the dominant role that such expectations play in price determination. In the literature, there are frequently expressed concerns about empirical research into bubbles. The existence of model misspecification and the nonlinear dynamics in the fundamentals under conditions of regime switching may lead to spurious conclusions concerning the existence of bubbles. Furthermore, some stochastic bubbles may display different collapsing properties and consequently appear to be linearly stationary. Thus, the evidence against the existence of bubbles may not be reliable. In my thesis, I attempt to tackle the above empirical problems of testing for the existence of bubbles using advances in testing procedures and methodologies. Since the number of bubble solutions is infinite in the rational expectations framework, I adopt indirect tests, rather than direct tests, for the empirical study. From the findings of my empirical research, the evidence for stationary specification errors and the nonlinearity of the data series cannot be rejected, but the evidence for the existence of price and exchange rate bubbles is rejected for all the countries under study. It leads to the conclusion that the control of the inter-war European hyperinflations was attributable to control of the fundamental processes, since the dynamics of prices and exchange rates for these countries might not be driven by self-fulfilling expectations.

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Theel, Thomas M. "The relation between currency value and stock returns evidence from Germany /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/theelt/thomastheel.pdf.

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Zickermann, Kathrin. "Across the German sea : Scottish commodity exchange, network building and communities in the wider Elbe-Weser region in the early modern period." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/958.

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This thesis analyses the commercial, maritime and military relations between Scotland and the cities and territories in the North Western parts of the Holy Roman Empire during the early modern period; specifically Hamburg, Bremen, the Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden, Danish Altona and Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Having identified anomalies in the histories of these locations, and bringing a more international dimension to them, my study tackles a remarkable understudied geo-political location. The core of my research identifies the immigration of Scots and the establishment of commercial networks within a region rather than an individual territory, highlighting contact across political borders. This region differed significantly from other places in Northern Europe in that it did not maintain an ethnically distinct Scottish community enforcing and encouraging interaction with the indigenous German population and other foreigners such as the English Merchant Adventurers in Hamburg. The survey reveals that despite the lack of such a community the region was of commercial significance to Scots as evidenced by the presence of individual Scottish merchants, factors and entrepreneurs whose trade links stretched far beyond their home country. Significantly, these Scots present in mercantile capacities were demonstrably linked to their countrymen who frequented the region as diplomats and soldiers who frequently resided in the neutral cities of Bremen and Hamburg. Some of these Scots within the Swedish army were of importance in the administration of Swedish Bremen-Verden while others fought for Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Their presence encouraged chain migration, particularly offering shelter to Scottish political exiles in the later seventeenth century. Analysing the collective role of these men and the relationships between them, this thesis highlights the overall significance of the wider Elbe-Weser region to the Scots and vice versa, filling a gap in our understanding of the Scottish Diaspora in the early modern period, and broadening our understanding of the region itself.

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Weerapana, Akila. "Testing for speculative bubbles in foreign exchange markets." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342201983.

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Åkerlund, Andreas. "Mellan akademi och kulturpolitik : Lektorat i svenska språket vid tyska universitet 1906–1945." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-133779.

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The aim of this thesis is to analyze the establishment and development of lectureships in the Swedish language in German universities during the first half of the 20th century. Building on earlier research about the role of language teaching abroad for public diplomacy, the study sees the lecturer as a part of both the the academic and political fields in Germany and Sweden. The establishment of and changes in the system of lectureships in Swedish 1906–1945 are explained through an analysis of the actors involved and of the assets allowing the actors to control both the establishment of lectureships and the appointment of lecturers in Germany. During the Weimar Republic a number of actors were involved in the establishment of the lectureships. They included academics with a scholarly interest in Scandinavian languages and old Norse,, the German state, which worked to promote the study of foreign countries and international academic mobility as a way of breaking German isolation after World War I, and the Swedish organization for the preservation of Swedishness abroad for which the teaching of Swedish abroad was a way of increasing the academic status of the language. After the National Socialist takeover in 1933 the NSDAP and the Swedish foreign ministry also took an interest in the Swedish lectureships in Germany for propaganda purposes. The dissertation shows how a system for the appointment of Swedish lecturers to Germany was established through interaction between the actors. Central in this process were the control over economic assets, a social network which made recommendations of lecturers possible, and the control over communication between both the lecturers and universites and between the German and Swedish states. The study also shows that the uneven distribution of assets between German and Swedish actors resulted in an inferior position for the German state and organizations in relationship to their Swedish counterparts.

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Barumwete, Lyna Alami, and Feiyi Rao. "Exchange rate risk in Automobile Industry: An Empirical Study on Swedish, French and German Multinational Companies." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1788.

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Recently, both company executives as well as national media have claimed that short currency exchange rate fluctuations are negatively affecting the stock returns of certain firms. However, most previous studies focusing on companies in the US and Asia have been unable to find empirical support for a statistically significant linkage between firm value and exchange rate risk. By using a quantitative method with a deductive approach,the present research investigates if currency exchange rate movements impact the stock return of European based car companies with market interests in the US. By selecting French Renault and Peugeot, German Audi and BMW and Swedish Saab and Volvo, we were able to analyze three currencies exchange rates in our study: SEK/USD, SEK/Euro and Euro/USD. In addition, we included three macroeconomic factors: GDP, stock market index and Oil price to perform a multiple regression analysis. In consistency with the earlier studies, our results indicate that for five out of the six investigated companies, short movements in the three exchange rates do not significantly affect the stock returns of the companies investigated. By analyzing the annual report of the investigated companies, we found that derivatives instruments such as currency option, foreign exchange forwards, currency futures and currency swaps were used to hedge exchange risk. This might be one of the reasons why it was difficult to capture exchange rate risk. The fact that BMW was the only company showing a significant effect could indicate that the company is not applying the accurate hedging strategy. Another reason might be that the company is more exposed to exchange risk due to its large exporting activity compared to the other investigated companies.

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"An Economic modelling forecast of the real Deutschemark exchange rate three years after the German economic and money reunification of July 1, 1990." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5887165.

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by Chan Yeung-Ki. Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55). ABSTRACT --- p.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.2 Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND --- p.3 Chapter II. --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.7 Purchasing Power Parity --- p.7 Real Exchange Rate --- p.9 Monetary Approach --- p.12 Explaining the model --- p.16 Chapter III. --- APPLICATION --- p.23 Scenario 1 --- p.39 Scenario 2 --- p.41 Chapter IV. --- CONCLUSION --- p.44 EXHIBIT --- p.47 BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.54

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McGuirk, Anne Kenny. "Exchange rate swings and the behavior of export prices of manufactures a study of Germany, Japan, and the United States /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23745485.html.

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DICKHAUS, Monika. "Zwischen Europa und der Welt :Die internationale Waehrungspolitik der Deutschen Zentralbank 1949-1958." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5745.

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Defence date: 20 March 1995 Examining board: Prof. Dr. Werner Abelshauser, Bielefeld (Doktovater) ; Prof. Dr. Richard T. Griffiths, Florenz ; Prof. Dr. Gerd Hardach, Marburg ; Prof. Dr. Peter Hertner, Florenz ; Prof. Dr. Alan S. Milward, London PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Liao, Chi-Chu, and 廖啟助. "A Study on the Relationships between Stock and Foreign Exchange Markets of Europe and Asia － Evidence from Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Germany, England and France." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33926626274706627007.

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碩士 東海大學 管理碩士學程在職進修專班 94 This research which is based on the relationships of stock prices and exchange rates among Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Germany, England and France by using Unit Root test, Johansen Cointegration, Vector Auto Regression Model (VAR), Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse Response and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, researched period from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2005, will explore mutual relationships between long-term and short-term periods for unit country, region and cross regions respectively and obtains the results as below. Firstly, the result of unit root test shows the original data of Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Germany, England and France are nonstationary time serials. However, they are all stationary after using first difference. Secondly, there are cointergration vector and long-term equilibrium relationships in stock prices revealed from Johansen Cointergration test among cross regions of Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, Germany, England and France. It implies that investors can make profits in investment of cross regions through mutual prediction. On the contrary, they can disperse risk by taking different portfolios. Thirdly, according to the tests of VAR and VECM, there are feedback relations between returns of stock price and exchange rate in Taiwan. The returns of stock prices are unidirectional leading the returns of exchange rates in Korea and Germany. The return of stock price in Japan and the return of exchange rate in Korea affect those in Taiwan respectively. The returns of stock price in Germany and France are unidirectional leading those in England. Fourthly, from the analysis of Impulse Response and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition, we find the returns of exchange rate are mainly affected by the returns of stock prices in most countries. In addition, the returns of stock prices and exchange rates have higher explanation facing itself respectively, and the explanation of returns of stock prices is higher than that of returns of exchange rates.

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Livres sur le sujet "Foreign exchange – Germany"

Dominguez, Kathryn M. Does foreign exchange intervention work? Institute for International Economics, 1993.

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Semenova, Irina S. Test of the monetary model for the case of Russia, 1992-1993 and Germany 1991-1993. Institut für Höhere Studien/Institute for Advanced Studies, 1994.

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Mueller, Rolf R. The German connection: A compendium for Americans planning to study, train or work in the Federal Republic of Germany. University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1988.

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Ernst, Baltensperger, Sinn Hans-Werner, and Confederation of European Economic Associations., eds. Exchange-rate regimes and currency unions: Proceedings of a conference held by the Confederation of European Economic Associations at Frankfurt, Germany, 1990. Macmillan Press, 1992.

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Confederation of European Economic Associations. Conference. Exchange-rate regimes and currency unions: Proceedings of a conference held by the Confederation of European Economic Associations at Frankfurt, Germany, 1990. Macmillan, 1992.

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Die kollisionsrechtliche Bedeutung des Termin- und Differenzeinwandes bei Börsentermingeschäften im Ausland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des EWG-Vertrages: Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Anwendung des nationalen ordre public gegenüber den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Gemeinschaften. P. Lang, 1991.

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Smets, Frank. Measuring monetary policy shocks in France, Germany and Italy: The role of the exchange rate. Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Dept., 1997.

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Currencies and politics in the United States, Germany, and Japan. Institute for International Economics, 1994.

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Legacies of socialist solidarity: East Germany in Mozambique. Lexington Books, 2014.

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Borchert, Marcus. Die Sicherung von Wechselkursrisiken in der Rechnungslegung nach deutschem Handelsrecht und International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): Darstellung und Zweckmässigkeitsanalyse. Peter Lang, 2006.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Foreign exchange – Germany"

Fischer, Johanna, Hongsoo Kim, Lorraine Frisina Doetter, and Heinz Rothgang. "Social Long-Term Care Insurance: An Idea Travelling Between Countries?" In International Impacts on Social Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_34.

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AbstractFew countries have, to date, introduced distinct social insurance systems that explicitly address the risk of long-term care (LTC) dependency. Germany, Japan, and South Korea all established such long-term care insurance schemes in the 1990s/2000s. While domestic factors and discourses were important for these adoptions, transnational expert exchange accompanied the introduction, too. This chapter aims to investigate the role of LTC policy transfer and learning in Japan and South Korea: What indications exist for transnational—“positive” as well as “negative”—transfer? We compare the (dis)similarities in the design of the LTC systems and consider the evidence on foreign influences provided in the literature. While we find potential instances of transfer, our analysis shows that evidence on transnational learning remains thin for both cases.

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Watrin, Chr. "Trade and Foreign Exchange Markets." In Pacific Cooperation from the Japanese and the German Viewpoint. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75069-4_3.

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Glaum, Martin. "Foreign-Exchange-Risk Management in German Non-Financial Corporations: An Empirical Analysis." In Risk Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04008-9_21.

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Jauregi Ondarra, Kristi, Alice Gruber, and Silvia Canto. "When international avatars meet – intercultural language learning in virtual reality exchange." In CALL for widening participation: short papers from EUROCALL 2020. Research-publishing.net, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2020.48.1178.

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Virtual exchange projects have become an effective pedagogical method to support students’ development of intercultural language competence. High-immersion experiences in Virtual Reality (VR) may offer an environment which is conducive to developing such competence. This paper reports on a pilot study carried out with two groups of university students (N=30) in the Netherlands and Germany. The students, involved in a virtual exchange using VR headsets, completed three tasks collaboratively. The aim of the study was to investigate participants’ perception regarding (1) their collaboration with foreign peers within the VR setting and (2) the perceived usefulness of the tool. The researchers employed questionnaires and conducted interviews and focus groups. The audio recording transcripts from the VR encounters and students’ reflective journals provide further data to triangulate the results. This pilot study provides first results with regard to virtual exchanges carried out in high-immersion VR.

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Beecroft, Raphaelle, and Petra Bauer. "The Potential of a Telecollaborative Translation Course." In Transferring Language Learning and Teaching From Face-to-Face to Online Settings. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8717-1.ch006.

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Difficult global circumstances pose a challenge for face-to-face exchange in higher education level language pedagogy, creating the need for innovative digital alternatives which can be integrated into internationalisation strategies. This chapter presents such an endeavour merging translation and telecollaboration which fosters an interplay of intercultural and functional communicative competence. Combining approaches from translation studies and foreign language pedagogy, it is proposed that telecollaboration creates a plurilingual and pluricultural space within which participants from varying linguacultural backgrounds may collaborate on a common product – a translation. The translation process itself requires intercultural exchange in which participants engage in an immediate manner through online interaction. Preliminary results from a study focussing on a telecollaborative translation course implemented with Durham University German students and prospective English teachers from Karlsruhe University of Education, Germany are presented.

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Germann, Julian. "Disciplining the Hegemon." In Unwitting Architect. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503609846.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that in order to protect its export model from the dangers of imported inflation, Germany strove to commit the US to monetary and fiscal rigor. To this end, German officials blocked the attempts of the Carter administration to organize a global Keynesian expansion, and scaled back their foreign exchange interventions in support of a weakening dollar. Both actions helped push the US into the Volcker Shock, which deflated the world economy and launched the attack on organized labor. The chapter concludes that the neoliberal experiment in the US, paralleled and reinforced by similar attempts in the UK, was late and lucky. Rather than the outcome of a decade-long domestic shift—seamless and sealed off from the world outside the Anglo-American heartland—the neoliberal counter-revolution was driven in part by the external pressures imposed by Germany, and subsequently sustained by a bout of Japanese investment.

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Lambert, Nicholas A. "The Beggar Giant." In The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545201.003.0005.

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During late 1914, British strategic policy was to buttress France and wait for the Russian army to win the war against Germany. None of the allies was willing to make financial sacrifices for the greater strategic good if doing so risked endangering their postwar position. The weak economic and financial supports undergirding the Russian war machine, however, imperiled Britain’s hopes that its eastern ally could defeat Germany. Turkish entry into the war exacerbated Russia’s financial problems by preventing the export of Russian wheat through the Dardanelles. Not only did this cut the global supply of wheat by a third and cause grain prices to spiral, it also cut Russia off from its main source of foreign exchange and caused its international creditworthiness to collapse. At the end of 1914, Russia demanded massive loans from Britain to stay in the war, which Britain was reluctant to give.

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Jauregi-Ondarra, Kristi, Alice Gruber, and Silvia Canto. "Pedagogical experiences in a virtual exchange project using high-immersion virtual reality for intercultural language learning." In CALL and professionalisation: short papers from EUROCALL 2021. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.54.1325.

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Social Virtual Reality (VR) applications enable real-time interpersonal conversation and allow users to perform activities together. They have the potential of changing the ways learners practise speaking a foreign language. Following a previous study (Jauregi Ondarra, Gruber, & Canto, 2020), we designed the present study to explore how presence, immersion, and interactivity affect overall social experience. Students from Germany and the Netherlands engaged in High-immersion VR (HiVR) virtual exchange sessions, using Spanish as a lingua franca at A2 level. International dyads carried out four interaction tasks in AltspaceVR, using head-mounted devices. To examine students’ HiVR virtual exchange experiences, different sources of data were gathered: questionnaires, reflection diaries, recordings, and focus group interviews. The preliminary results, based on the surveys and reflection journals, show that students liked to use a social VR app to communicate in the target language with peers from other countries, as they felt completely immersed and co-present in the social interactive VR space. This might enhance engagement and lower anxiety levels.

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Kämpchen, Martin. "Introduction." In Indo-German Exchanges in Education. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190126278.003.0001.

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Both Rabindranath Tagore and Paul and Edith Geheeb were deeply committed educators. Their respective schools in India and Germany (and later Switzerland) were at the core of their creative lives. These schools helped to shape the image and the international influence of their founders. Due to Tagore’s global contacts after he won the Nobel Prize in 1913, many foreign teachers offered their services in Santiniketan. In Paul Geheeb’s case, too, Indian persons came to teach Indian philosophy or just to participate in the school’s activities. Indian influence on the students’ lives has been notable. I have been visiting the Ecole d’Humanité often for over two decades. I met Paul Geheeb’s successor, Armin Lüthi, who allowed me to use the Ecole’s Archive. I sent a trained artist from a tribal village near Santiniketan to the Ecole to teach; he was twice invited to return. Thus the link between the Ecole and Santiniketan could be revived.

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Schreiter, Katrin. "From Competition to Cooperation." In Designing One Nation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877279.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at the influence of Cold War diplomacy on German design. Within the bipolarity of the Cold War, the political significance of aesthetics in everyday objects was well established. Taking the focus of the superpowers to interrogate the specifically German cultural politics behind the aestheticization of separate identities—proletarian in the East and cosmopolitan in the West—highlights German interests in the global Cold War. It is in the operationalization of industrial design for diplomatic purposes, in which economic culture and foreign policy directly connect. In order to show how material culture emerged as a recognizable language in the intra-German relationship and what functions it served, this chapter integrates the material with the diplomatic ambitions of the two German states. In this way, East and West German cultural-political strategies that sought to negotiate a German-German modus vivendi through the medium of domestic culture can be connected to the complex history of Cold War German diplomacy within the framework of international industrial design exhibitions, international design organizations, and direct German-German cultural exchanges. At the center stands the question of how both Germanys turned a competitive situation, the aestheticization of their respective political orders, into a diplomatic tool for rapprochement.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Foreign exchange – Germany"

GOWSIGA, M., and M. THAYAPARAN. "INCORPORATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT TO THE APPAREL INDUSTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.13.

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The apparel industry is one the most foreign exchange earning industries for developing countries. However, it is one of the notable polluting industries in the world too. Additionally, there are numerous factors affecting the economy of the industry, for example COVID 19, and the industry needs to reinvent from those issues by forcing itself to live. Thus, Circular Economy (CE) can act as a potential solution to address the issues related to both environmental and economic factors of the apparel industry. CE is a business strategy to gain economic benefit, minimise environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of resource consumption. CE concept has been practised in various countries such as China, Bangladesh, Europe, Australia and Germany. However, it is still a novel concept in Sri Lanka even though Sri Lankan apparel industry has a solid reputation globally for their high-quality, reliability, lead time, and social accountability. Introducing the CE concept into Sri Lankan apparel industry will help to overcome the financial issues in a sustainable way. With the intention of introducing CE concept to Sri Lankan apparel industry, this paper intends to review the application of CE in global context and in the context of apparel industry, their benefits and challenges in order to further investigate the suitability of CE concept to SL apparel industry. This paper is therefore based on a comprehensive literature review. Hence, it highlights the literature findings on the applicability of CE in apparel industry, its benefits and challenges when adopting CE into apparel industry. This basic finding will aid to assess the possibility of incorporating CE concept within the Sri Lankan apparel industry. The key findings of the research, environmental gain, economic benefit, resource optimisation and collaboration among stakeholders are the key benefits of CE. The main challenges are expensive, advanced technology, measuring the benefits especially financially, lack of support, knowledge, awareness, commitment and leadership, systematic regulation, social and cultural acceptance.

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Momcilovic, Nikoleta, and Dina Petrovic. "FACEBOOK AS A SUPPORT TO STUDENTS LEARNING GERMAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-105.

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There is no doubt that university students represent a population that is particularly sensitized to the use of social networks, including Facebook, as the most popular. Students usually use Facebook for the purposes of entertainment, but also for communication and gaining new information that promotes and enhance the quality of the learning process in different areas. A large number of studies in developed countries indicate the benefits of Facebook in the area of cooperative learning and the exchange of information and learning materials in social, technical sciences, as well as in the sciences of language. Consequently, the aim of this study is to determine students' attitudes about using Facebook for learning German as a foreign language. Data obtained on a selected sample of 110 students of the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty of Law, University of Nis, who learn German as a foreign language, confirmed the initial hypothesis that Facebook provides significant support to the learning process. Data show that a large percentage of surveyed students used Facebook communication for the exchange of different content and information, learning materials such as translations, professional texts and others. According to the survey there are no differences in the attitudes of students in relation to the independent variables (belonging to the department and years of study), which supports the view that students actively use Facebook, regardless of the subject they study, and whether they are freshmen or senior. Research findings, however, suggest that students still do not sufficiently exploit the advantages of Facebook and the new technologies that support the development of quality learning. In order for this issue to be resolved, greater involvement across the entire higher education system is required.

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Auziņa, Anita, Silvia Benini, Ireta Čekse, Marta Giralt, and Liam Murray. "Foreign Language Teachers’ Activities to Develop Students’ Digital Citizenship Competences: Findings of the Dice. Lang Project." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.27.

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he extreme situation connected with the outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus has forced foreign language teachers worldwide to challenge their teaching competences and approaches when teaching remotely. Now, more than ever, foreign language teachers are forced or encouraged to implement digital materials, learning objects and environments. Meanwhile, foreign language teachers’ knowledge, skills and attitudes related to Digital Citizenship Education (DCE) are tested and challenged, too. The aim of this paper is to explore how confident and knowledgeable about DCE foreign language teachers are in order to offer activities that can enhance the development of language learners’ digital citizenship competences. This study presents the survey findings of the ERASMUS+ project: “Digital Citizenship Education and Foreign Language Learning” (Dice.Lang), which brings together five European partner universities: University of Munich, University of Aveiro, University of Latvia, University of Limerick, and Siena Italian Studies. There were 627 foreign language teachers (312 pre-service teachers and 315 in-service teachers) in total who participated in the online survey representing Germany, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, and Portugal. The findings highlighted the needs foreign language teachers have to develop and apply their expertise on DCE in their language lessons. The authors of the paper present their vision to address the teachers’ needs, providing and analysing samples of a comprehensive set of open educational resources (OER) available in English and additional European languages. These OER, which have been designed by the Dice.Lang consortium and confirmed by the questionnaire results, aim at developing language learners’ digital citizenship competences. The resources intertwine the five DCE strands created by the consortium (Critical Digital Literacies; Intercultural and Transcultural Perspective on Digital Exchanges; Identity-oriented Component; Content-oriented Perspective and Critical and Meta-reflective Component) with the existing European theoretical frameworks.

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Schlimbach, Ricarda, Bijan Khosrawi-Rad, and Susanne Robra-Bissantz. "Deriving Design Knowledge for eLearning Companions to Support International Students." In Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.2.

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International students often have difficulties in getting connected with other students (from their host country), or in fully understanding the lectures due to barriers such as interacting in a foreign language or adjusting to a new campus. eLearning Companions (eLCs) act as virtual friends, accompany students with dialog-based support for learning and provide individual guidance. We contribute to the lack of prescriptive design knowledge for that specific use case by deriving 16 design principles for eLCs and transferring them into an expository instantiation along the Design Science Research paradigm. We build upon 14 identified literature requirements and 15 condensed user requirements resulting from an empirical study with 76 Chinese-speaking exchange students at a German university. Our objective is to extend the knowledge base and support scientists and practitioners in eLC design for non-native students to initiate further research and discussion.

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