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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 26 juillet 2024

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1

Izhar, Izhar. « Study of Mouse Deer and Snail Characters in Fable (Deconstruction Approach) ». Basic and Applied Education Research Journal 2, n^o 1 (29 juin 2021) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/baerj.02.01.03.

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ABSTRACT The presence of the mouse deer and snail fable is considered to contribute in education field. The character of the mouse deer with its strengths and the snail with its weaknesses brings its own spirit to the reader that the irrationality of the weak can defeat the strong is acceptable logic. Thus, the strong mouse deer is judged as a loser and the weak snail is judged as a hero by the readers. In fact, in a certain sense, the meaning of an event conveyed through the characters of the story can be inversely to the reader's interpretation so far. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the characters of the mouse deer and snail in deconstruction studies; and (2) to describe the relevance of deconstruction studies with critical thinking activities in the independent learning era. The research was a descriptive qualitative research based on research studies using Derrida's deconstruction. Data analysis was carried out in stages, namely: reading repeated texts carefully so that the original context and reception context were found, tracing binary opposition, and presenting other logic or other perceptions. The results of the study shows that (1) the snail character who has been predicted to be a good character can be considered an arrogant and fraudulent character. Meanwhile, the mouse deer figure who has been regarded as an arrogant figure can be considered an honest and kind character, and (2) the deconstruction study method is relevant to critical thinking activities in the independent learning era.

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Dougherty, Gary. « Mouse King ». Marvels & ; Tales 34, n^o 1 (2020) : 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mat.2020.a766030.

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Kim, Iihwan. « Aspects of reconstruction of the Byeongjahoran narrative based on Jeong Se-gyeong's defeat ». Daedong Hanmun Association 77 (31 décembre 2023) : 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21794/ddhm.2023.77.33.

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The Manchu War was a strange war in many ways, but the post-war process was especially so. There were attempts to free King Injo, who was isolated in Namhansanseong Fortress, from the siege, but none were successful. High-ranking officials who died in the process received rewards, and generals who survived despite losing the battle received large and small punishments. Jeong Se-gyu, who survived despite suffering a crushing defeat, showed an exceptional performance by being recognized for his defeat and advancing to a high-ranking position. It received relatively good reviews primarily because of the political faction to which Jeong Se-gyu belonged. King Injo’s intention was to escape responsibility for the defeat in the Manchu War and use this as an opportunity to strengthen his power. In addition, it is also the result of the desire of noblemen to prove their loyalty with the logic of ‘participating in King Geun-wang’s army’ and to gain realistic benefits by becoming recipients of veterans. We traced these complex aspects by looking at a variety of historical materials, personal practical data, and descendants' memorial records written against the background of the Manchu War.

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Pechatnova, Larisa. « King Agesilaus and the Trial of Phoebidas ». STUDIA ANTIQUA ET ARCHAEOLOGICA 29, n^o 1 (2023) : 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saa-2023-29-1-1.

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The article exploresthetradition about the capture ofThebes fortressCadmea by the Spartan commander Phoebidas (382 BC). The purpose of the article is, first, to consider the degree of participation of King Agesilaus in the capture of Cadmea, and, secondly, to find out the reason why Agesilaus defended Phoebidas in court. The author concludes that Agesilaus’ defense of war criminals like Phoebidas and Sphodrias had disastrous consequences for Sparta. According to the author, the blame for the violation of the Peace, the break of relations with the allies and the defeat of the Battle of Leuctra can be partly laid on Agesilaus.

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Dougherty. « Artwork : Mouse King ». Marvels & ; Tales 34, n^o 1 (2020) : 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/marvelstales.34.1.0038.

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Mikhalskaya, Maria. « Marie Meets the Mouse King ». Marvels & ; Tales 34, n^o 1 (2020) : 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mat.2020.a766040.

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Chao, Hsing-Hao. « The Battle of Two Bibles : When and How Did the King James Bible Gain Its Popularity over the Geneva Bible ? » Renaissance and Reformation 46, n^o 2 (10 janvier 2024) : 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v46i2.42289.

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This article addresses two questions: “When did the King James Bible gain a foothold of popularity among the English people?” and “How did the Geneva Bible lose its popularity to the King James Bible?” By reviewing the post-1611 printing of these two versions of the Bible and examining the texts of the Paul’s Cross sermons and the parliamentary sermons between 1612 and 1643, I find that the King James Bible was already more popular than the Geneva Bible by 1620, and that the rising trend of the popularity of the King James Bible had become irreversible by 1630. By 1640, the battle of the two Bibles was long over. I also refute the assumption that the political authorities’ suppression of the Geneva Bible caused its defeat. Rather, I argue that the decrease in consumer demand for exegetical notes led to the demise of the Geneva Bible.

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Husejnović, Muhamed. « BOSNIAN KINGDOM DURING SECOND DECADE OF THE 15th CENTURY ». Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 9, n^o 2 (septembre 2019) : 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091909.

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After the defeat of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire, in August of 1415, the Bosnian king and a few noble men made a decision to change their political loyalty towards the Hungary. King Ostoja tried to take care of inside matters that were ruling in Bosnian Kingdom. He called for a meeting (Stanak) at which he would even out with some noble men. Even Dubrovcani wrote about this event. In one of their letters they described the events that took place in Kraljeva Sutjeska. After the occurrence in Kraljeva Sutjeska, intervention of Ottoman army was expected. One of the facts that the situation was pretty serious is that some families sought asylum from Dubrovnik’s authorities in case of alarming circumstances. One of Bosnian powerful nobles dies in 1416. King Ostoja and other noblemen were fighting over his property.

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Luttrell, Anthony. « A Hospitaller despropriamentum : Dubrovnik 1396 ». Ordines Militares Colloquia Torunensia Historica 26 (9 novembre 2021) : 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/om.2021.013.

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A Hospitaller, being vowed to poverty, could not make a will but might dispose of goods he held by making a despropriamentum. Written examples are rare but Fr. Barras de Barras made such bequests at Dubrovnik in 1396; his wealth was notably limited. He fell ill while King Sigismund of Hungary, returning from defeat by the Turks at Nikopolis on the Danube where the Hospitallers rescued him, had stopped at Dubrovnik.

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Łukasiewicz, Krystyna. « Deceptive Practices in Fifteenth Century Europe : The Case of Władysław III Jagiellon (Varnensis) ». Polish Review 57, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2012) : 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41558078.

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Abstract The uncertainty regarding the fate of King Wladyslaw III Jagiellon after the 1444 defeat of the Christian army at Varna contributed to the circulation of misleading stories alleging that he had somehow survived the battle. This paper presents examples of such deceptive legends used in the decades following his death to achieve concrete purposes in the complex political interrelations between the countries of Central Europe, the Teutonic Knights, and the Apostolic See.

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Kim, Jiwon, Kritika Pokharel, Michael Sandali et Chung Sub Kim. « Establishment of the Mouse Model of Social Avoidance Induced by Female-Directed Female Aggression ». Chronic Stress 6 (janvier 2022) : 247054702211292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24705470221129288.

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Background Most preclinical research on the effects of stress has been done on male subjects, even though women are more prone than men to experience stress-related problems. Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is a rodent model of psychosocial stress. However, this model has been challenged in female mouse studies since neither male nor female resident mice attack intruder females. A female-to-female CSDS model is needed to investigate the physiological and behavioral aspects. Methods The intruders were either male or female C57BL/6J mice, whereas the residents were male or ovariectomized (OVX) female CD-1 mice. The CD-1 aggressor mice had direct physical contact with the C57BL/6J mice for 10 min before initiating sensory contact with them for 24 h. Jump escape and freezing were evaluated during the social defeat of days 1 and 12. Experimental C57BL/6J mice underwent a social interaction test after suffering social defeat for 12 days. Results We found that the number of attack bites and attack latency had a significant negative correlation during the selection of aggressors. In the single-housed OVX mice, 34% of mice met the criterion of the selection of aggressors. However, single-housed OVX mice did not show sustained aggressive behavior (eg, attack bites) through the 12-day CSDS. As a result, we did not find susceptible mice during the social interaction test. In contrast, during the selection of aggressors, 42% of OVX mice housed with partners satisfied the criterion and displayed consistently aggressive behavior. CSDS produced susceptible (50%) and resilient (50%) phenotypes during the social interaction test. Notably, male and OVX female CD-1 mice housed with partners had similar amounts of attack bites and attack rates over the 12-day CSDS. Finally, we found that chronically socially defeated male and female mice displayed different coping behaviors (eg, active vs passive) with social defeat. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that OVX CD-1 mice housed with mates exhibited territorial aggression toward female intruders, producing susceptibility and resilience to social avoidance. Additionally, socially defeated male and female mice displayed different behavioral susceptibility to social defeat.

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Choi, Sang-ki. « The competition between Silla and Baekje over the Han River basin in the mid-6th century : Focusing on the cooperation and conflict of 548-554 year ». Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 88 (30 novembre 2023) : 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.88.51.

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In the mid-6th century, various incidents occurred in the process of the three countries competing for the Han River basin. The Battle of Doksanseong(獨山城), which took place in 548, was an incident in which Silla(新羅) dispatched salvation army after Goguryeo(高句麗) attacked Baekje(百濟)'s Doksanseong. Doksanseong was located in Yesan, Chungnam. In 541, Silla and Baekje formed a friendship, so they were able to dispatch the salvation army. The Battle of Dosalseong(道薩城) and Geumhyeonseong(金峴城), which took place in 550, was an incident in which Silla took two es independently during the clash between Baekje and Goguryeo. Geumhyeonseong was originally a Baekje castle, but it was occupied by Goguryeo, so Silla rejected Baekje's request to return Geumhyeonseong based on this, and even obtained Dosalseong based on Geumhyeonseong. Baekje targeted Dosalseong to prevent Silla's expansion, but it was geographically isolated as Silla took over Geumhyeonseong. Baekje inevitably handed over the Dosalseong to Silla, which was also influenced by diplomatic considerations to attract Silla to Goguryeo's invasion of Goguryeo. In 551, Silla and Baekje invaded Goguryeo. It was Baekje that led the invasion, and both countries seem to have moved forward around March 551. Silla troops were dispatched from Chungju, and it is presumed that they moved with Baekje troops until they attacked the area downstream of the Han River. When Baekje abandoned the area downstream of the Han River in 552, Silla first took over the Hanseong(漢城) area, and in 553, the operation of Shin-ju(新州) was begun. In particular, based on the improvement of relations with Goguryeo, it dominated the entire area downstream of the Han River from the beginning. Baekje recognized the improvement of relations between Silla and Goguryeo between September 551 and May 552, and the incident that occurred in the process was the Battle of Baekhabya(百合野) between Baekje and Goguryeo. Considering the situation at that time, it should be considered that the Battle of Baekhabya was between September 551 and May 552. After successfully targeting the lower part of the Han River, Baekje proposed a further attack on Goguryeo, but had to engage with it alone as Silla rejected the offer. In the meantime, Silla, which improved its relationship with Goguryeo, threatened Sabi Castle(泗沘城) with military force in Sang-ju(上州), and Baekje had no choice but to give up the area downstream of the Han River and return Baekje troops. In 553, King Jinheung(眞興王) married the King Seong(聖王)'s daughter. King Seong proposed marriage to hide the intention of invading Silla, and King Jinheung attempted to defeat Baekje's will to invade and pass the responsibility of the war on King Seong by carrying out a mutual inviolability pledge with the King Seong. The Campaign of Gwansansung(管山城) ran from July to December 554, the first battle of which was the Battle of Jinseong(珍城) in September. Silla troops tried to prevent Gaya and Baekje troops from gathering here, but failed. The Battle of Ungcheonseong(熊川城) broke out in October, as Silla, which was on the defensive due to the defeat of the Battle of Jinseong, called on Goguryeo to attack Baekje. Be wary of Goguryeo's movement, Baekje wanted to end the Campaign of Gwansansung as soon as possible. At the time of his death, it is possible that the troops led by the King Seong were 5,000 standing soldiers stationed in Sabi Castle. King Seong wanted to confirm the victory by sending additional reservists at a time when the fighting power of the Baekje Army was reduced due to continued fighting. However, when King Seong, who was moving forward with troops, died along the way, the Campaign of Gwansansung ended with the defeat of Baekje.

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Keeney, Adam J. « BEHAVIOURAL ALTERATIONS INDUCED BY REPEATED SOCIAL DEFEAT IN THE MOUSE ». Behavioural Pharmacology 10, SUPPLEMENT 1 (août 1999) : S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199908001-00131.

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Parise, Lyonna F., Eric M. Parise, Omar K. Sial et Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán. « Social Buffering is Dependent on Mutual Experience in Adolescent Male Mice Exposed to Social Defeat Stress ». Chronic Stress 6 (janvier 2022) : 247054702211110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24705470221111094.

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Background Individuals who experience emotional, physical, or sexual abuse as children suffer from higher rates of major depressive disorder, drug abuse, and suicide. Early life interventions such as peer support groups can be beneficial to adolescents who experience trauma, suggesting that social support is important in facilitating rehabilitation and promoting resiliency to stress. Although there are some animal paradigms that can model how peer-peer interactions influence stress-reactivity, less is known about how individual stress experiences influence the effectiveness of social buffering. Methods The vicarious social defeat stress (VSDS) paradigm allows for the assessment of two different stress modalities, physical (PS) and emotional (ES) stress, which confer different levels of stress with similar biological and behavioral outcomes. Using a modified VSDS paradigm in which pairs of mice experience ES and PS together we can begin to evaluate how stress exposure influences the buffering efficacy of social relationships. Adolescent mice (postnatal day 35) were randomly combined into dyads and were allocated into either mutual experience or cohabitation pairs. Within each dyad, one mouse was assigned to the physically stressed (PS) condition and was repeatedly exposed to an aggressive CD1 mouse while the other mouse was designated as the partner. In the mutual experience dyads the partner mice witnessed the defeat bout (ES) while in the cohabitation dyads the partner was separated from the PS mouse and returned after the 10 min defeat bout was terminated (non-stressed). After 10 days of defeat, mice were tested in the social interaction test (SIT), the elevated plus maze (EPM), and the forced swim test (FST). Results PS-exposed mice in the cohabitation dyads, but not those in the mutual experience dyads, showed significantly more avoidance of a novel CD1 aggressor or c57BL/6 mouse, in the SIT. Surprisingly, both partner conditions showed avoidance to a CD1. Interestingly, non-stressed partner mice spent less time in the open arms of the EPM, suggesting increased anxiety; only PS-exposed mice in cohabitation dyads showed more time spent immobile in the FST, indicative of increased learned helplessness. Conclusions These data suggest that the efficacy of social buffering can be mediated by individual stress experience.

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Hundert, Zbigniew. « Marszałek Wielki Koronny Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski wobec Sejmu 1683 roku i problemu wojny z portą osmańską ». Saeculum Christianum 25 (25 avril 2019) : 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2018.25.18.

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In 1683 Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski was one of the most important politicians in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was part of anti-royal opposition, which was against alliance with Austria and war against Ottoman Empire. Lubomirski’s letters date before Warsaw Sejm indicates that he supported war against Muscovy. During Sejm he fulfilled his role as Grand Marshal, but at the same time he worked towards French interests. When the king and his supporters managed to defeat political opposition, Lubomirski switched sides and claimed that he never supported the king’s opponents. He then participated in signing a treaty with Austria and also enlisted few military units to take part in war against the Turks. After 1683, Sejm - for the time being - limited his political activities. Despite political defeat, he managed to achieve some personal successes – became owner of the town of Jazdów (Ujazdów), while his brother Hieronim was nominated for the office of Crown Court Marshal.

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Meron, Theodor. « Shakespeare’s Henry the Fifth and the Law of War ». American Journal of International Law 86, n^o 1 (janvier 1992) : 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203137.

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William Shakespeare wrote during the Elizabethan Renaissance, a period of revived and intense interest in history. The Life of Henry the Fifth, written in 1599, one of Shakespeare’s histories, is a patriotic, epic portrayal of a phase in the bloody Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) between England and France. It describes a medieval campaign led by a chivalrous and virtuous king, who could perhaps do wrong but not a great deal of wrong, and in which the few acting in a just cause defeat the many. In this play, Shakespeare relives past glories.

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King, Gary. « Constituency Service and Incumbency Advantage ». British Journal of Political Science 21, n^o 1 (janvier 1991) : 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400006062.

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Numerous scholars have documented a dramatic increase in incumbency advantage in US congressional elections and also state legislative elections over the past four decades. For example, Gelman and King show that incumbents in the House of Representatives now receive about twelve extra percentage points solely as a result of holding congressional office during the campaign; the comparable figure for most of the first half of this century was only 2 per cent. This advantage of incumbency has made members of the US House and many state legislators nearly invulnerable to electoral defeat.

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Godlewski, Włodzimierz. « Makuria in the middle of the 12th century ». Fieldwork and Research, n^o 28.2 (28 décembre 2019) : 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam28.2.25.

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In the middle of the 12th century, the King of Dotawo (Makuria) and Arwa, referred to as Mouse Georgios in many Old Nubian documents and in studies on the subject, was the eparch of Palaga, a province of the Kingdom of Arwa, and in all likelihood the official heir of King Paulos of Arwa. He was crowned King of Makuria (Dotawo) in 1155, following mediation by the Fatimid caliph between the two kings, Georgios V of Makuria and Paulos of Arwa. The crisis was triggered by David, a presumed member of the Arwa royal family, usurping the throne of Makuria. The paper marshals the evidence for a hypothetical reconstruction of the political situation in the region in 1155 and considers the reasons for King Mouse being called Mouse Georgios in Old Nubian documents from Qasr Ibrim.

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Declercq, Linde. « Louis Wodon (1868-1946), kabinetschef van Albert I en Leopold III : gangmaker van een autoritaire hervorming van de Staat met een centrale rol voor de Koning ? » Pro Memorie 21, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 90–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/pm2019.1.006.decl.

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Summary In this contribution, the life and constitutional views of Louis Wodon (1868-1946) are exposed. Raised in a Brussels family of liberal political persuasion, Wodon was appointed a full professor at ULB in 1906, where he taught courses on labour law, sociology and administrative law. Simultaneously, he careered as a civil servant in the Ministry of Economic Affairs. As Head of Staff of the King between 1926 and 1938, Wodon advised Albert I and Leopold III to restore law and order, so as to defeat the breakdown of authority that plagued the political world. He interpreted the Constitution in such a way as to leave a maximum of powers to the King, vigorous measures by individual government members and a minimum role to Parliament. His views should be seen in the context of a reactionary antidemocratic movement which came into vogue after World War I.

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Otabi, Hikari, Tatsuhiko Goto, Tsuyoshi Okayama, Daisuke Kohari et Atsushi Toyoda. « Subchronic and mild social defeat stress alter mouse nest building behavior ». Behavioural Processes 122 (janvier 2016) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.10.018.

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Mikhalskaya. « Artwork : Marie Meets the Mouse King ». Marvels & ; Tales 34, n^o 1 (2020) : 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/marvelstales.34.1.0082.

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Sheykhumerov, Amet-han A. « “Treason of the Crimean Khan” in the battle of Berestechko : myths and facts ». Crimean Historical Review, n^o 2 (28 octobre 2021) : 33–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/kio.2021.2.33-72.

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On the climax of the battleunder Berestechko (June 30, 1651) the Crimean Tatars fled, leaving their allies, the Ukrainian Cossacks, in the battlefield. According to the almost unanimous opinion, the cause of the defeat of the allied forces was the successful actions of the Polish army under the leadership of the king John II Casimir, who dealt the main blow to the Crimean cavalry. Under the enemy`s cannonballs, the Crimeans suffered heavy losses and fled, and khan Islam III Giray himself was nearly killed. But there is no evidence that the Tatars deliberately abandoned the Cossacks.

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Alahmar, Ramdan M. Ramdan Alahmar, et Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid. « The Revolution of Abu Rakwah Against The Fatimids In Cyrenaica And His Attempt to Overthrow Their Rule in Egypt (395-397 H / 1004-1006 AD) ». Al-Muqaddimah : Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 6, n^o 1 (25 juin 2018) : 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol6no1.4.

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The Cyrenaica region adjacent to Egypt, which currently occupies the eastern state of Libya contemporary - at great importance in Central Islamic eras. Wherefore the Fatimids interested to control of it since the establishment of their state in the Islamic Maghreb, the year 297 AH / 909 AD. When their departure to Morocco in 361 AH / 971 AD, for stability in Egypt, they maintained on survival of the Cyrenaica region under their direct management, Because of their geographical and strategic importance of their state in Egypt. It did not pass long time until the revolution against the Fatimids in Cyrenaica lasted for two years (395-397 AH / 1004-1006 AD), Led by a man nicknamed Abu Rakwah, Attributed himself to the Umayyads Andalusia. Was able to defeat the Fatimid armies, and drop their judgment at Cyrenaica and an admin and invade Egypt to seize their king there. However, the Fatimids succeeded in his defeat and the elimination of his revolution after great efforts and huge preparations and many expenses exhausted the state treasury in Egypt. It was for this revolution after its expiry of political, social, and economic results in terms of Cyrenaica region affected on his future thereafter.

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Haque, F. Nipa, Tatiana V. Lipina, John C. Roder et Albert H. C. Wong. « Social defeat interacts with Disc1 mutations in the mouse to affect behavior ». Behavioural Brain Research 233, n^o 2 (août 2012) : 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.037.

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Chen, Frederick Shih-Chung. « In Search of the Origin of the Enumeration of Hell-kings in an Early Medieval Chinese Buddhist Scripture : Why did King Bimbis?ra become Yama after his Disastrous Defeat in Battle in the Wen diyu jing ??? ? (‘S?tra on Questions on Hells’) ? » Buddhist Studies Review 31, n^o 1 (24 juillet 2014) : 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v31i1.53.

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The idea of a purgatorial journey to the Ten Kings of the Ten Hells is a distinctive feature of funerals and ancestral worship in Chinese Buddhism and Chinese popular religions. In Indian Buddhism ideas emerged of chief deities presiding over others in a few of many heavens and of various hells with different tortures governed by Yama and his messengers, yet the idea that each hell was governed by a ‘king’ is not found in early Indian Buddhist sources. This article examines what is probably the earliest enumeration of hell-kings, in the S?tra on Questions on Hells. This very early example derives from an extraordinary story about how King Bimbis?ra and his eighteen ministers became Yama and kings of eighteen hells after a disastrous defeat in battle. My analysis will illustrate how this account was probably consciously formulated by an author familiar with two sources: (i) the story of the Buddha’s concern about the fate of his followers in the Shenisha jing (????; Janavasabha Sutta), and (ii) the popular Chinese belief in sacrificial cults of ‘defeated armies and dead generals’.

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EATON, RICHARD M. « ‘Kiss My Foot,’ Said the King : Firearms, Diplomacy, and the Battle for Raichur, 1520 ». Modern Asian Studies 43, n^o 1 (janvier 2009) : 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003289.

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AbstractThe little-known Battle for Raichur (1520), waged between Krishna Raya of Vijayanagara and Sultan Isma'il ‘Adil Shah of Bijapur, saw a number of firsts in South Asian history: the earliest significant appearance of cannon—whether used offensively as field artillery, or used defensively on the battlements of forts—the earliest known appearance of matchlock firearms, and the first significant use of European mercenaries. It followed the merging of new gunpowder technologies after engagements between Portuguese and Ottoman navies off the Konkan coast. Notably, the side that lost the battle, Bijapur, had the superior firepower. The essay also explores the extraordinary round of diplomacy that followed the battle and the humiliating demands Krishna Raya imposed on the defeated sultan. These demands, and the military and diplomatic manoeuvres that accompanied them, likely sowed the seeds for Vijayanagara's spectacular defeat and destruction forty-five years later, at the Battle of Talikota.

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Neary, Peter. « Confidence : How Much is Enough ? » Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 18, n^o 1, 2 & 3 (14 octobre 2011) : 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/c9m95j.

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Did Prime Minister Stephen Harper, faced with almost certain defeat in the Commons in December 2008 on a matter of confidence, act unconstitutionally by seeking to prorogue a newly elected parliament that had been sitting for only two weeks? And did Governor General Michaëlle Jean violate the principles of responsible government by granting prorogation? These questions have been the subject of intense debate in the Canadian media and may rank with the King-Byng crisis of 1926 in future academic and legal discussion of the constitution. In my opinion, while the prime minister tested the limits of “responsible government,” the Governor General respected precedent and acted appropriately and wisely in her decision.

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Guo, Wei. « In or Out ? The Existential Dilemma of Homosexuals in Iris Murdoch’s A Fairly Honorable Defeat ». English Language and Literature Studies 9, n^o 4 (29 novembre 2019) : 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v9n4p78.

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A Fairly Honorable Defeat is one of Iris Murdoch’s best acclaimed novels. Critics generally regard it as a triumph of the evil over the good, as embodied in characters Julius King and Tallis Browne. It could also be read from a different perspective as a fairly honorable defeat of the heterosexual love by the homosexual love. But Simon and Axel only win a narrow victory. Their non-normative sexuality still entangles them in gender, social and moral dilemmas. A detailed and close reading of the novel shows Murdoch’s concern not only about how the existential dilemma of homosexuals has shaped their gender identity and limited their moral vision and choice, but also about the underlying social problems of power and violence. By bringing into conversation Goffman’s theory of stigma, Butler’s theory of gender performance and Foucault’s view of male friendship, the article argues that Simon and Axel have to struggle between secrecy and disclosure of their sexual identity because of the large homophobic social environment. The insecurity and anxiety engendered by their sexual identity makes it difficult for them to associate with others in sincerity. Their moral weakness and failures are largely occasioned by the social environment.

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Kwiatkowski, Christine C., Hope Akaeze, Isabella Ndlebe, Nastacia Goodwin, Andrew L. Eagle, Ken Moon, Andrew R. Bender, Sam A. Golden et Alfred Jay Robison. « Quantitative standardization of resident mouse behavior for studies of aggression and social defeat ». Neuropsychopharmacology 46, n^o 9 (3 mai 2021) : 1584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01018-1.

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REN, Chunyan, Zhiyuan WEI, Junhua RAO, Yijian RAO et Jianhuan CHEN. « C-U RNA editing in the mouse brain under chronic social defeat stress ». Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering 38, n^o 05 (1 septembre 2021) : 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1249.2021.05510.

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Sokolowska, E., T. Burke, F. Dunphy-Doherty, D. Kozareva et E. Stojek. « P.241 Chronic social defeat mouse model ; in pursuit of biomarkers for depression ». European Neuropsychopharmacology 40 (novembre 2020) : S137—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.181.

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Čulik-Baird, Hannah. « STAGING ROMAN SLAVERY IN THE SECOND CENTURY BCE ». Ramus 48, n^o 2 (décembre 2019) : 174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rmu.2019.16.

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In 167 BCE, L. Aemilius Paullus celebrated a triumph in Rome following the defeat of King Perseus of Macedon at the Battle of Pydna in the previous year. All of the accounts of the procession enumerate the incredible volume of booty that was paraded into Rome—wagons loaded with shields, weapons, statues of gods and men, golden bowls, livestock, luxury goods. Perseus himself, the defeated king, marched in this procession, as did his two sons and a daughter. Plutarch writes that ‘the children of Perseus were led along as slaves’: τὰ τέκνα τοῦ βασιλέως ἤγετο δοῦλα (Aem. 33.6), and that they were accompanied by their tutors who wept, taught the royal children to beg, and stretched out their hands to the Romans, who are here called ‘spectators’ (θεατάς, ib.). Perseus himself comes next, dressed in the black of mourning. Plutarch goes on to give a psychological picture of Perseus—he is dumbstruck and gaping, unable to process how his life had been turned upside down (34.1). Because Perseus could not face suicide, Plutarch says, ‘he converted himself into part of his own spoil’ (34.2).

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Asbridge, T. S. « The ‘Crusader’ Community at Antioch : The Impact of Interaction with Byzantium and Islam ». Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 9 (décembre 1999) : 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679407.

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At the end of the eleventh century, in the wake of the First Crusade, a Latin principality was established at Antioch, in northern Syria. Founded by the crusade leader Bohemond (1098–,c. 1105), this Latin community experienced a period of territorial expansion under the energetic rule of his nephew, Tancred (c. 1105–12), followed by seven years of less aggressive leadership by Roger of Salerno (1113–19). The principality suffered a serious setback with the defeat of its army at the evocatively named battle of the Field of Blood in 1119, during which Prince Roger was slain. Power then passed to a regent, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem (1118–31), until Bohemond II (1126–30), the son of Antioch's first prince, arrived in northern Syria.

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Lukowski, J. T. « The Papacy, Poland, Russia and Religious Reform, 1764-8 ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 39, n^o 1 (janvier 1988) : 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900039075.

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The years 1764-8 form a rare unity in Polish history, distinguished by an unprecedented attempt at constitutional and economic reform on a scale not to be repeated for another two decades. The fragile nature of the reforms which accompanied the election, in September 1764, of King Stanislaw August Poniatowski (1764-95) was revealed as early as autumn 1766, when internal opponents, supported by Russia and, to a lesser degree, Prussia, imposed the first serious checks on the reformers and then proceeded to try to secure their total defeat. The tensions between reformers and conservatives, compounded by large-scale Russian military and diplomatic intervention, were to plunge Poland into ungovernability and civil war by March 1768 and to drag it inexorably towards the First Partition.

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Zamfir, Korinna. « Suing for Peace at Any Cost ? Reading the Parable of the Two Kings (Luke 14.31–2) in Times of War ». New Testament Studies 70, n^o 1 (janvier 2024) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688523000310.

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AbstractThe paper re-examines the parable of the king pondering about engaging in war with a more powerful enemy (Luke 14.31–2), focusing on questions commonly asked in antiquity and still relevant today with respect to war and suing for peace. These regard the cause of the war and the reasons for fighting, the tension between bravery and wisdom, the circumstances that may contribute to the defeat of a superior army and the costs of peace making. I explore this parable in the context of other Lukan passages touching on the topic of war and peace. I challenge the assumption that Luke was a pacifist, and I argue that the parable cannot provide answers to contemporary questions about the ethics of peace and war.

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Favoretto, Cristiane A., Yasmin C. Nunes, Giovana C. Macedo, Janaína Silva Rocha Lopes et Isabel M. Hartmann Quadros. « Chronic social defeat stress : Impacts on ethanol-induced stimulation, corticosterone response, and brain monoamine levels ». Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, n^o 4 (22 janvier 2020) : 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119900983.

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Background: Chronic exposure to stress may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoamine levels, contributing to the development of ethanol dependence. Exposure to chronic social defeat stress may impact ethanol-related effects, neural, and endocrine functions. Aim: This study assessed ethanol-induced locomotor activity, corticosterone responses, and brain monoamine levels in Swiss albino mice 10 days post-exposure to chronic social defeat stress. Methods: During a period of 10 days, male Swiss mice were exposed to daily defeat episodes, followed by housing with an aggressive mouse for 24 h. Control mice were housed in pairs and rotated every 24 h. Ten days post-stress, locomotor behavior was recorded after a challenge with ethanol (2.2 g/kg; intraperitoneal) or saline. After the test, blood and brain samples were collected for determination of plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines across different brain areas through high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: Defeated mice failed to show a stimulant locomotor response to ethanol, while controls displayed the expected ethanol-induced stimulation. Ethanol increased plasma corticosterone levels, with lower corticosterone secretion in defeated mice. Brain monoamines were affected by social defeat and ethanol, varying in different brain regions. Social stress reduced levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the hypothalamus. Defeated mice presented reduced serotonin and dopamine levels in the frontal cortex. In the striatum, ethanol treatment increased dopamine levels in controls, but failed to do so in defeated mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest that chronic exposure to social defeat blunted ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation, and reduced ethanol-induced corticosterone secretion. Social stress promoted differential reductions in brain monoamine levels in the hypothalamus and frontal cortex and blunted ethanol-induced dopamine increases in the striatum.

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Miller, Eva. « Crime and Testament : Enemy Direct Speech in Inscriptions of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal ». Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 6, n^o 2 (25 février 2020) : 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2018-0015.

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AbstractNeo-Assyrian royal inscriptions are always narrated in the first-person voice of the king. Within this framing narrative, the device that we would call ‘direct speech’ is used only rarely, and judiciously. The texts that make the greatest use of this literary device both come from a period of particular innovation and experimentation in royal text forms: Esarhaddon’s Nineveh A and Ashurbanipal’s narratives about his campaign against Elamite king Teumman. In these examples, and in other texts of the time including Esarhaddon’s Succession Treaty, the words of enemies stand out as particularly threatening – and yet also particularly useful, as a literary device employed to further Assyrian agendas. Royal narratives use enemy speech for one of two purposes: either to document criminality, or to show enemies, in defeat and despair, testifying to the might and rightness of their Assyrian conquerors. Looking at all examples of speech – from enemies, gods, and the Assyrian king – I distinguish between ‘direct speech’ (as a literary device) and ‘quotation’ (as a practice). Most, though not all, direct speech in the sources considered here is also quotation, in that it seeks to document and preserve speech made in some other prior form (a verbal statement, a letter, an omen on an animal’s liver). Quotations demonstrate royal legitimacy and enemy culpability, while literary invention allows enemy voices to be turned to new purposes, as forced testament to Assyrian supremacy.

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Heydon, Susan. « Death of the King : The Introduction of Vaccination into Nepal in 1816 ». Medical History 63, n^o 1 (17 décembre 2018) : 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.61.

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This article explores the introduction of smallpox vaccination into Nepal in 1816 at the request of the Nepalese government; the king, however, was not vaccinated, contracted the disease and died. British hopes that vaccination would be extended throughout the country did not eventuate. The article examines the significance of this early appearance of vaccination in Nepal for both Nepalese and British, and relates it to the longer history of smallpox control and eventual eradication. When the Nepalese requested World Health Organization (WHO) assistance with communicable disease control in the mid-twentieth century little had changed for most Nepalese. We know about the events in 1816 through the letters of the newly imposed British Resident after Nepal’s military defeat in the Anglo-Nepal War (1814–16). By also drawing on other sources and foregrounding Nepal, it becomes possible to build up a more extensive picture of smallpox in Nepal that shows not only boundaries and limits to colonial authority and influence but also how governments may adopt and use technologies on their own terms and for their own purposes. Linking 1816 to the ultimately successful global eradication programme 150 years later reminds us of the need to think longer term as to why policies and programmes may or may not work as planned.

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Makepeace, W., A. T. Dobson et D. Scott. « Interference phenomena due to mouse-ear and king devil hawkweed ». New Zealand Journal of Botany 23, n^o 1 (janvier 1985) : 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1985.10425310.

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Makepeace, W. « Some establishment characteristics of mouse-ear and king devil hawkweeds ». New Zealand Journal of Botany 23, n^o 1 (janvier 1985) : 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1985.10425311.

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Grudniewski, Jakub. « Formowanie landwery podczas pruskiej wojny wyzwoleńczej 1813 roku na przykładzie Śląska ». UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, n^o 2 (2021) : 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2021.2.3.

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After the defeat of the Napoleonic army in the Russian campaign in 1812–1813, Prussia renounced the alliance with France and entered the war known as the “liberation war”. The King of Prussia, Frederick William III, addressed his subjects with an appeal “An mein Volk” (“To my people”), calling for a fight against Napoleon. One of the pillars of this struggle was the creation of units of a voluntary military formation composed of the "people" - the landwehr. After defeating Napoleon landwehr became part of the legend of the Prussian army's strength, which was to cover the ignominious defeat of the Prussian army during the autumn campaign of 1806. Formations like the landwehr were known as early as the 18th century, but their formation was forbidden because of the fear of violating the prevailing social relations. In the end, however, in the spring of 1813, in the spring of 1813, it was decided to establish a landwehr. Despite the initial optimism, its creation encountered numerous difficulties, including the lack of willing recruits, the widespread phenomenon of desertion and problems with weapons. These problems were obvious in the Prussian province of Silesia. The article presents the genesis of this formation, the uniforms and equipment of the landwehr, problems related to recruiting soldiers to the landwehr in Lower and Upper Silesia, and the final division of the landwehr into military units.

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Zachs, Fruma, et Yuval Ben-Bassat. « WOMEN'S VISIBILITY IN PETITIONS FROM GREATER SYRIA DURING THE LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, n^o 4 (14 octobre 2015) : 765–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743815000975.

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AbstractThis article focuses on petitions by Ottoman women from Greater Syria during the late Ottoman era. After offering a general overview of women's petitions in the Ottoman Empire, it explores changes in women's petitions between 1865 and 1919 through several case studies. The article then discusses women's “double-voiced” petitions following the empire's defeat in World War I, particularly those submitted to the King-Crane Commission. The concept of “double-voiced” petitions, or speaking in a voice that reflects both a dominant and a muted discourse, is extended here from the genre of literary fiction to Ottoman women's petitions. We argue that in Greater Syria double-voiced petitions only began to appear with the empire's collapse, when women both participated in national struggles and strove to protect their rights as women in their own societies.

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Hovhannisyan, Aram. « On the Participation of Armenians in the Mongol Ilkhanate’s Invasion of Syria (1259–1260) ». Iran and the Caucasus 27, n^o 4-5 (29 novembre 2023) : 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704010.

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Abstract This study examines the participation of Cilician Armenians in the Mongol Ilkhanate’s Syrian invasions in 1259–1260. Drawing upon data from mediaeval sources and various perspectives in scholarly literature, this paper addresses the following key questions: 1. Where were the troops of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and their allied countries consolidated? 2. To what extent did the troops of the Armenian King Het‘um I join forces with the Mongols? The inquiry also presents the specific details of the capture of Syrian cities and explores the likelihood of Armenian troops’ involvement in these operations. In the final section, the paper delves into the events surrounding the famous Battle of Ain-Jalut and examines the potential participation of Armenians in this pivotal conflict, in which the allies suffered defeat and were subsequently compelled to retreat.

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Shemesh, Yael. « David in the Service of King Achish of Gath : Renegade to His People or a Fifth Column in the Philistine Army ? » Vetus Testamentum 57, n^o 1 (2007) : 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853307x167864.

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AbstractThe biblical presentation of David's ostensible willingness to fight on the side of the Philistines against Israel (1 Sam. xxvii-xxix) is examined. Through a literary analysis it is shown that David is not depicted as intending to betray Saul and Israel. On the contrary, the narrator provides many hints that the Philistine commanders' assessment of David is correct and that had he not been sent away he would have fought against the Philistines and for Israel. His dismissal, instigated by the Philistine commanders, is compatible with the divine plan for Israel's defeat, the destruction of the House of Saul, and David's succeeding Saul on the throne of Israel (1 Sam. xxviii 16-19).

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Seidel, Robert. « Supplex Libellus / Aller vnderthenigiste Supplication ». Daphnis 50, n^o 2-3 (21 juillet 2022) : 276–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-12340048.

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Abstract After the Battle of White Mountain (November 8, 1620), a series of satirical propaganda writings were published against Frederick V of the Palatinate, who had triggered the Thirty Years’ War with his thoughtless takeover of the Bohemian crown. Several of these writings presented themselves as parodic letters of complaint from the ‘Winter King’ to opponents of the war or to (former) allies. In each case, the aim was to ridicule the young monarch’s military inexperience, political ignorance and grotesque hubris. There is a fictitious letter published in both a Latin (Supplex libellus) and German version (Aller vnderthenigiste Supplication) at the beginning of 1621, which was addressed to Emperor Ferdinand II. In complete misjudgment of the military and political situation, Frederick V strives for far-reaching compensation for the defeat he has suffered and has absurd visions in which he even sees himself as a future Roman King. This study first outlines the historical and publicistic context of the letters, then gives a brief summary and finally offers a comparative analysis of the two texts. It pursues a literary approach and investigates the extent to which the satirical intention of the anonymous authors is supported by the choice of letter fiction.

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Bacherikov, K. S. « The Emergence of the Royalist Conspiracy in England in 1649-1650 ». IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n^o 2 (206) (6 juillet 2020) : 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2020-2-30-34.

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This article investigates the processes that took place among the English royalists after their defeat in the Civil War and the execution of King Charles I Stuart, as well as the emergence of their conspiracy movement for the restoration of the monarchy in England, namely, it examines the activities of such organizations of supporters of the monarchical form of government in England, as the “Western Association of Royalists”. In addition, the article studies the factors contributing to the failures of royalist organizations at the beginning of their activity against the regime of the Independent Republic, such as: passivity of supporters of King Charles II, their indecision, lack of a single control center, which entailed a low level of the participants’ actions coordination in the movement, lack of intelligence network, the refusal of France and the Netherlands to support the royalists, as well as the active opposition to their activities by the authorities of the Commonwealth of Eng-land. The role of the head of intelligence of the Independent Republic - Thomas Scott, who created the intelligence network, which carried out its activities against royalists not only in England, but also in royalist circles in exile in the kingdom of France, as well as in the Netherlands, stands out separately.

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Curelly, Laurent. « Was there an Alternative to Monarchy ? Radicalism and Antiroyalism in the 1640s ». Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 58 (2024) : 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/11uzf.

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While republicanism in the 1650s is now well documented, relatively little scholarly attention has been paid to antiroyalism in the 1640s. This contribution aims to fill a gap by focusing on forms of antimonarchism in those seminal years in the history of the British Isles—a decade that culminated in the trial and execution of King Charles I. It teases out the complexity and inconsistency of Civil War radicals’ attitudes to monarchy as a political regime, and hence to the future political settlement of the kingdom, first after the king’s defeat in the first Civil War in 1646, second at the time of the radicalisation of the New Model Army in 1647, and then after the regicide in 1649 and the establishment of the republic. Writings by Leveller figures and New Model Army radicals are examined with reference to their authors’ positioning on the Stuart monarchy, King Charles in particular, and on monarchy at large. I discuss the possible alternatives to monarchy as envisaged by these radicals—or the actual lack of alternatives—and I argue that such attitudes were mostly context-based: they were prompted by historical circumstances, as much as they were shaped by the theoretical underpinnings of their discourse.

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Yoshioka, Toshinori, Daisuke Yamada, Riho Kobayashi, Eri Segi-Nishida et Akiyoshi Saitoh. « Chronic vicarious social defeat stress attenuates new-born neuronal cell survival in mouse hippocampus ». Behavioural Brain Research 416 (janvier 2022) : 113536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113536.

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Razzoli, Maria, Lucia Carboni, Michela Andreoli, Francesca Michielin, Alice Ballottari et Roberto Arban. « Strain-specific outcomes of repeated social defeat and chronic fluoxetine treatment in the mouse ». Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 97, n^o 3 (janvier 2011) : 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2010.09.010.

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Tang, Jie, Wenbo Yu, Sheng Chen, Zidan Gao et Baoguo Xiao. « Microglia Polarization and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Social Defeat Stress Induced Depression Mouse ». Neurochemical Research 43, n^o 5 (24 mars 2018) : 985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-2504-0.

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