Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Football – Economic aspects – United States »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Sommaire
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Football – Economic aspects – United States ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
Giulianotti, Richard. « ‘All the Olympians : A Thing Never Known Again’ ? Reflections on Irish Football Culture and the 1994 World Cup Finals ». Irish Journal of Sociology 6, no 1 (mai 1996) : 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359600600106.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Utilising fieldwork with Irish fans, and interviews with leading Irish journalists and football officials, this article examines five major themes surrounding USA ‘94 for the Irish: i) the cultural and ethnic symbiosis of Ireland with the USA; ii) aspects of the political economics behind the United States’ allocation of the Finals; iii) the Irish supporters‘ culture of ‘carnivalesque’, and any internal changes involved; iv) the possible impacts of USA '94 on soccer culture in Ireland, particularly in playing style; v) the possible future inter-relations of soccer and Irish civil society.
2
Gottschalk, Petter. « Convenience in white-collar crime : A resource perspective. » Risk Governance and Control : Financial Markets and Institutions 7, no 2 (2017) : 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv7i2art3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
White-collar offenders have access to resources that make financial crime convenient. In the rare case of crime suspicion, resources are available in terms of professional attorney work, control over internal investigations, and public relations support. Hiring private investigators at an early stage of potential crime disclosure enables the organization to control the investigation mandate and influence the investigation process and the investigation output. Getting an early start on reconstruction of the past in terms of a fraud examination makes it possible for the suspect and the organization to influence what facts are relevant and how facts might be assessed in terms of possible violations of the penal code. Convenience aspects of private investigations are discussed in this article in terms of five internal investigations, two in the United States (General Motors and Lehman Brothers) and three in Norway (Telenor VimpelCom, DNB Bank, and Norwegian Football Association). The aim of this research is to contribute insights into convenience associated with internal private investigations.
3
Aledort, Colowick, Hoots et Dunst. « Economic aspects of haemophilia care in the United States ». Haemophilia 5, no 4 (juillet 1999) : 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.1999.00298.x.
Texte intégral
4
Al Ardha, Muchamad Arif, Nurhasan, Rizky Muhammad Sidik, Dan O'Donnell, Matt Hunter, Sujarwanto, David Agus Prianto, I. Dewa Made Aryananda Wijaya Kusuma, Sauqi Sawa Bikalawan et Kukuh Pambuka Putra. « Research Trends in Football Training for Young Players in the Last 15 Years : Bibliographic Analysis ». Physical Education Theory and Methodology 23, no 6 (22 décembre 2023) : 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.6.20.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the research trends in football training for young players under 18 years old in the last 15 years. Materials and methods. This was a bibliometric analysis and systematic review study. Articles published since 2008 were searched for by the keywords “Football Training” and “Football Exercise” using a comprehensive strategy on SCOPUS research journal databases. There were 1,053 articles with 4802 citations mined on October 17th, 2023. Thereafter, 217 articles were selected for further analysis by using VOS Viewer computer software. Results. The United Kingdom (67), The United States (60), and Spain (41) were the three countries that had the most publications in football training. There were 6 keyword clusters that reflected various research focuses on football training for younger players. Based on the top 10 most cited references in football training for younger players, there were several major themes that covered various aspects of the research trend and development in the last 15 years, i.e. (1) Factors in the Development of Young Football Players, (2) Tactical Analysis and Collective Behavior in Small-Sided Games, (3) Game Intensity and Activity Profile in Young Football Players, (4) Plyometric Training and Its Effects on Preadolescent Players, and (5) Injury Prevention and Neuromuscular Training in Adolescent Football Players. Conclusions. Football research for under-18 players has grown rapidly. This research trend shows that football requires not only physical and technical skills, but also social and mental aspects. Further research can be directed toward understanding and integrating holistic aspects of football coaching, including the development of non-physical skills, such as leadership, teamwork, and conflict resolution. Further investigation into the use of technology in football coaching, such as video analysis, sensor-based performance measurement, and artificial intelligence applications to provide deeper insight into player progress.
5
Lee McKay, Sandra. « Multilingualism in the United States ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 (mars 1997) : 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The scope of this paper is limited to an overview of mutilingualism in the U.S. from 1980 to the present. During this period, discussions of language diversity in the U.S. have been largely dominated by an effort to exert the hegemony of English. This effort has been brought on by changes in the demographic makeup of the U.S. population and supported by a commonly held belief that the economic strength of the U.S. in the international sphere is declining. A dramatic increase in the number of immigrants from Central and South America and the Pacific Rim, coupled with increasing economic competition from industrialized European and Asian nations, has resulted in widespread support for the exclusive use of English in the U.S. This emphasis on English is seen as a way to minimize the threat of the “foreign” influences that are believed to be undermining both the internal unity of the U.S., and its economic world dominance. Whereas nativism is nothing new in the U.S., its current intensity has been fueled by global aspects of migration and economic trade.
6
Khimenes, Kh, Yu Briskin, M. Pityn, I. Hluhov et K. Drobot. « Monopoly and Rivalry in American Football in History and Nowadays ». Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5, no 5 (24 octobre 2020) : 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs05.05.364.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Professional sports leagues today are trying to increase their income and looking for new sources for this. In the United States, most leagues in one sport are monopoly structures. Considering the National Football League in this context, it is worth noting its rather strict policy towards possible competitors at the football market. At the same time, throughout the history of American football, there have been attempts to organize competing structures that have been more or less successful. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of the formation American football organizations in North America at different times, the factors of successes and failures. Material and methods. The main material on which the study was based was data from the Internet, official websites of American football organizations and official ratings of Forbes magazine. To achieve the stated purpose, we used the following research methods: data analysis and generalization; theoretical interpretation and explanation; analysis of documentary materials. Results and discussion. The study results showed that during the formation and development of American football in the United States, except for the National Football League, six other organizations tried to create competition for it at one time or another. Among them were All-American Football Conference, American Football League, World Football League, United State Football League, Xtreme Football League, and Alliance of American Football. All these organizations generally sought to be better than National Football League through more progressive steps towards the development of football, but the conservatism of the National Football League always allowed it to remain the winner. Most of the newly formed leagues could not withstand the uncompromising financial struggle for high-class athletes, but the XFL and AAF, which was created in the 21st century, were defeated by precautionary measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and the game seasons were canceled. Conclusion. The key factors formation of organizations that sought to develop American football in the United States (except the National Football League) were: the growing popularity of this sport; a large number of athletes, who aspired to develop in this sport, but could not do it in National Football League; the emergence of enthusiasts with significant financial resources, who sought to invest in football projects and at the same time increase their own resources; technological progress, in particular in football. However, none of these organizations stayed long in the football business and lost to the National Football League. The reasons for this were: improper distribution of financial resources in the middle of the leagues; unjustified steps in the desire to be more progressive than the National Football League; the dominant authority of the National Football League; external factors (wars, epidemics / pandemics, global economic and political crises, etc.)
7
Li, Yixuan. « The impact of American Philippine economic policy on Philippine modern economy during the Cold War ». SHS Web of Conferences 180 (2023) : 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202318001016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As an important country in Southeast Asia, the Philippines has repeatedly occupied an important geographical position and had an important geographical and political position during the Cold War. Since the Cold War, the relationship between the United States and the Philippines has been very close, and the influence of the United States on the Philippines is self-evident. Therefore, studying the political influence of the United States on Philippine economic policy during the Cold War has important theoretical and practical significance. Starting from the economic policy adopted by the United States in the Philippines, this paper analyzes the economic assistance methods of the United States to the Philippines and its political influence on the Philippines and explains why the United States exercises neocolonial control over the Philippines from two aspects. This article argues that the United States has influenced the Philippine economy in a neocolonial way in an attempt to expand the political influence and sphere of influence of the United States itself.
8
MAKUSHINA, Elena Yu, Dar'ya M. KARMANOVA et Aleksei S. KUCHER. « Tax reform initiated by D. Trump : Economic and social aspects ». Finance and Credit 27, no 3 (30 mars 2021) : 693–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.3.693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Subject. The article addresses the tax reform of 2017, initiated by D. Trump. Objectives. The aim is to determine the relationship between the total volume of tax revenues to the budget of the U.S. Government and the growth of U.S. GDP in the long run. Methods. To identify the impact of the tax reform on the investment climate in the country and the subsequent GDP growth, we formulate a hypothesis and propose a regression model. The quarterly data from 04.01.1960 to 07.01.2019 serve as a statistical sampling, published by financial departments of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget and the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The study rests on the econometric analysis enabling to identify the impact of the volume of tax revenues from the corporate income tax and individual income taxes on the level of the GDP of the United States. Results. In the short term, we observe a decrease in tax revenues and a subsequent increase in the budget deficit, in the long term – an increase in business activity of the country, a growth in foreign direct investment, and, consequently, an increase in the GDP. The paper offers a model for assessing the economic growth of the GDP of the United States, in which tax predictors were used in combination with macroeconomic indicators. Conclusions. The experience of the United States and the results of this study may be used by the governments of developing countries and experts in the field of taxation for tax policy development.
9
Pechatnov, Valentin V., et Vladimir O. Pechatnov. « AMERICA IN THE EYES OF DIPLOMATS AND PRIESTS OF TSAR RUSSIA : THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ». Научное мнение, no 1-2 (16 février 2024) : 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2024_1-2_11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article examines the perception of the United States by Russian diplomats and priests of the Russian Orthodox Church in the United States in 1867–1917. The authors analyse the views of Russian diplomats and clergymen on various aspects of the American reality in the political, social, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and spiritual spheres. The research is based on a wide source base of domestic archives. Conclusions are drawn about the dual nature of perception of the United States by Russian diplomats and clergymen. On the one hand, they admired the level of economic, scientific and technological development of the United States, as well as the religiosity of Americans, on the other hand, they were critical of democracy and secularity of the American civilisation.
10
Ma, Shuchong. « The Economic Consequences of Sino-US Trade Conflict : Reasons, Growth and Finance ». Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 23, no 1 (13 septembre 2023) : 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/23/20230385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
From 2018, as the US trade imbalance with China has grown, the US has slapped tariffs and high-tech export sanctions on China, and China has retaliated. This led to the beginning of a war between China and the United States over trade. This article will analyze the deeper reasons why the United States wants to use a war over trade to against China from the historical and current macro level and analyze the economic impact of the trade war on the two countries from three aspects: stock market, business, and currency. And compare the trade wars consequences with the goals that the United States hopes to achieve through the trade war to analyze whether this war has achieved good results for the United States. The research in this paper finds that the trade war has not brought the United States the results it sought to achieve. The trade war has influenced many industries, and it has caused the economies of the two countries to regress to varying degrees. This article hopes to give the reasons why the trade war is meaningless through research.
Thèses sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
Al-Rawahy, Khalid Hilal. « Embodied consumption of U.S. copper and sulfur : Implications for intensity of use estimation and forecasting ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185277.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Domestic mineral consumption is defined as a net sum of apparent consumption plus embodied mineral contained in net imported goods. The U.S. is a net importer of copper-containing products, such as automobiles, electrical products, and construction and industrial machinery. Embodied copper which is contained in net imports of these products constitute part of domestic copper consumption. On the other hand, the U.S. is a net exporter of sulfur-using/embodying products, such as fertilizers and grains. The sulfur which is contained/employed in manufacturing exported products is not actually part of domestic sulfur consumption. Net embodied U.S. imports (exports) of copper (sulfur) are estimated. For copper, it is shown that domestic U.S. consumption is understated and increasing, intensity of use is constant rather than decreasing, and, in general, forecast increases in domestic consumption of copper are due mainly to embodied copper imports. For sulfur, it is shown that domestic consumption is overstated and declining; domestic intensity of use is also declining. The domestic copper and sulfur industries will be differentially impacted as a result of this increased reliance on overseas markets.
2
Colby, Kristen Marieta. « Creative Workers and County Earnings in the United States ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ColbyKM2008.pdf.
Texte intégral
3
Haque, Mohua. « An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Foreign Direct Investment and Exports of Processed Food Industries ». Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29869.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examined the determinants of U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports of processed food. This study also examined the impact of U.S. FDI on U.S. exports on processed food. FDI and export models used for estimation in this study were based on the cost-minimizing production function. The analysis focused on ten countries for the period of 1989-2004. Four of them were Asian countries: India, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. Six of them were European countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Spain, and the United Kingdom. The model was estimated using the two-way error component three-stage least squares (EC3SLS) method. Results from this study show that U.S. FDI and U.S. exports of processed food are complements. Major factors affecting U.S. FDI in the processing industry are GDP, GDP per capita, exchange rate, tariff rate, labor compensation cost, interest rate, and distance. Major factors affecting U.S. exports in the processed food industry are GDP, distance, and GDP from the agri-sector.
4
Chipps, Kenneth M. « For-profit higher education programs in the United States ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3691/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examined the extent of research and teaching on higher education programs in the United States that focuses on for-profit higher education. This descriptive study used a 30-item questionnaire to gather the information reported here. This survey instrument was sent to the entire population of interest. This population was made up of all of the programs in higher education that are listed in the ASHE Higher Education Program Directory, which is produced by the Association for the Study of Higher Education. The results of this research show that little research and teaching is being done that has a primary focus on for-profit higher education. Recommendations on how to address this are provided.
5
Wells, Camille. « Social and economic aspects of eighteenth-century housing on the northern neck of Virginia ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623857.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study is an attempt to discern what eighteenth-century houses--their forms, dimensions, internal organization, and external settings--have to contribute to scholarly understanding of colonial Virginia's society, economy, and culture.;Historic Virginia houses usually were built more recently than traditional scholars and popular writers have supposed, and standing eighteenth-century houses are, almost without exception, far larger and finer than the dwellings most colonial Virginians inhabited. Yet even lightly constructed and shabbily finished houses stood at the center of a complex of buildings where most of the planter's household and agricultural work was performed. Thus eighteenth-century Virginia houses were more mundane and unpretentious yet more symbolically and functionally dominant components of the landscape than surviving houses and their isolated rural sites can suggest.;This dissertation employs documentary, architectural, and archaeological evidence to address three questions. What can a close reading of written sources convey about the character and context of houses in eighteenth-century Virginia? What can a close inspection of surviving houses, their archaeological remains, and their associated documentary histories convey about the circumstances of their construction and use, the significance of their form and presentation? Finally, what was the economic background and the social significance of a pretentious Virginia house which was built, accoutred, and inhabited during a time and in a place where such structures were exceedingly rare?
6
Roth, Richard A. « Sustainable development : political/ideological aspects and implications for planning ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39119.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent evidence of widespread environmental degradation and global changes resulting from human activities have revived a debate about the sustainability of the progress of human welfare that began at least 200 years ago. In this renewed debate, the seriousness and causes of environmental degradation are subject to widely divergent interpretations. There are many conceivable sustainable futures; the most important differences among them are not technical but political and ideological.
The practice of environmental planning is concerned with a wide variety of contexts and situations at the human-environment interface. Because land use is at the root of many of the problems of environmental degradation (e.g., habitat destruction, air pollution, water pollution), land use planning is an appropriate focus for consideration of the role of environmental planning in sustainable development.
Planning as a profession, with its inherent future orientation and focus on public values, is well situated to deal with the kinds of problems raised in the discourse regarding sustainability. Examination of mainstream land use planning practices, however, reveals a reactive, reformist incrementalism that responds to environmental degradation caused by growth, but that addresses neither its causes nor its dynamics. Mainstream land use planning approaches have attempted to resolve conflicts between development and environment through spatial solutions at various scales. The need to plan for ecological sustainability is difficult to reconcile with the democratic ideal of local self-determination.
Many alternative approaches to land use planning for sustainable development focus on design solutions. The requirements of sustainability are not merely technical, however. There are both emancipatory possibilities and their opposite in sustainability. Implementing sustainability offers planners a number of choices.
They can act as mediators, demystifyers of technical information, exposers of hidden ideological assumptions, and advocates. They can strengthen existing authority, or work towards an enlightened self-determination at the local level.Ph. D.
7
Napit, Krishna Bahadur. « Economic impacts of extension integrated pest management programs in the United States ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74524.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach to pest control which emphasizes the Integration of biological, cultural, and chemical control methods for optimal pest management. The purpose of this thesis is to empirically examine the level and distribution of net economic benefits of Extension IPM, and to assess the relative importance of socioeconomic factors in affecting the adoption of IPM in the states of Indiana, Virginia, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Massachusetts, Mississippi and the Northwest region.
Budgeting and hypothesis testing procedures are used to conduct a net returns analysis. Consumer-producer surplus analysis is used to assess IPM benefits to producers and consumers. Finally, a polychotomous logit model is used to assess the importance of socioeconomic factors affecting IPM adoption.
The results of these analyses show significantly higher returns and less variability of returns per acre for users of IPM as compared to non-users. Moreover, consumers receive significant positive economic gains. However, pesticide cost and the variance of pesticide cost per acre increase with increasing levels of IPM use in several states but decrease in a few others. Gross farm income, percent family income from farming, frequency of contacts with Extension agents, and the education level of respondents are the most important factors related to adoption of IPM. A typical user of IPM is white, male, with at least some college education, has frequent contacts with Extension agents, has a relatively large farm, higher gross farm income, and a higher percent family income from farming.Master of Science
8
Yok, Larry Tom. « The philanthropic priorities of Chinese and Japanese Americans as they relate to Asian American culturally specific museums ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13160.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Asian American culturally specific museums began forming in the United States in 1963. There are now 11 in existence. Four of these museums (two Chinese American, one Japanese American and one Pan Asian American) dramatically expanded their programs and constructed large new facilities. These culturally specific museums are private nonprofit organizations that are reliant on private donors for most of their financial support. Asian Americans comprise the majority of these Asian American museums’ donor bases. Understanding why donors support these museums may be useful to the museums’ abilities to raise funds.In this thesis I explore the reasons Chinese and Japanese Americans support these culturally specific museums. I used data from my qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 16 Chinese and Japanese American current and former donors to a Pan Asian culturally specific museum in Seattle, Washington along with interviews of chief executives and other key informants of five other culturally specific museums in addition to primary documents provided by the museums and related secondary information available through the Internet. I also conducted a literature review in the fields of Development Studies, racial and ethnic identity, museology, and philanthropy. While identifying the reasons donors support these culturally specific museums, I also identify the philanthropic priorities and criteria of Chinese and Japanese Americans residing in Seattle and compare them with similar studies of Asian American philanthropy conducted in other cities in the 1990’s. I also examine the roles played by these culturally specific museums in the promotion of social capital, cultural capital and heritage capital in their communities. Chinese and Japanese Americans support these museums to preserve and educate their communities about the contributions their forebears made to the development of the United States. Asian American history has been marginalized in conventional narratives and one mission of the Asian American culturally specific museums is to bring their stories into the American history mainstream. Creating and operating these museums requires substantial networking within the Chinese and Japanese American communities and with other ethnic communities to bring in visitors and obtain financial and other support. The museums promote social capital development through collaboration in the museums’ operations. They increase the communities’ cultural capital by assembling the dispersed cultural and heritage capital of the Chinese and Japanese American communities into curated collections. These Asian American culturally specific museums face challenges stemming from attrition in their donor bases due to age. The museums need to develop activities that attract new supporters who may be mixed race or mixed ethnicity or who are interested in social activism that impacts society. The museums also must create programs that are relevant to younger generations. The findings of this study lay the groundwork for further inquiry into the ways culturally specific museums promote bonding and bridging capital in low and middle class Asian American communities and the degree to which they affect development in their neighbourhoods. Further research into the museums’ educational programs efficacy as they relate to correcting misperceptions about Asian Americans among non-Asian Americans may be desirable.
9
Bush, Robert. « Business-level competitive strategy in the United States hardwood lumber industry ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54774.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three related aspects of competition in the U.S. hardwood lumber industry were investigated. First, product and supplier attributes that are determinant in hardwood lumber purchase decisions were investigated within four segments of the market for hardwood lumber: Millwork producers, hardwood dimension and flooring producers, wood household furniture producers, and wood kitchen cabinet producers. Attributes with the highest determinant scores were: grading accuracy, supplier’s reputation, freedom from surface checks, competitive pricing, and within-load thickness consistency. The least determinant attribute was the presence of the suppliers logo or trademark. The importance of various attributes was generally consistent across the market segments and producers were relatively well attuned to the needs of lumber users. Lumber users were least satisfied with lumber quality. Lumber producers perceived users to be least satisfied with the availability of certain species.
Business-level intended competitive strategy in the industry was investigated through quantitative identification of strategic groups in a sample consisting of the 100 largest U.S. hardwood lumber producers. Factor and cluster analyses were used to define strategic groups along the dimensions of cost leadership, focus, and differentiation. Five strategic groups were identified and examined as to strategic orientation and intra-group homogeneity. The differentiation dimension accounted for the greatest portion of strategic variation. Empirical evidence of the use of hybrid Overall Cost Leadership/Differentiation strategies was found—suggesting that strategic typologies that do not account for this strategy may not be applicable to a mature industry. Predicted strategic change in the industry concentrated on increasing differentiation orientation.
Qualitative data concerning competition in the industry was obtained via in-person interviews with executives at twenty of the largest companies in the sample. ln general, the largest and smallest companies in the industry were found to be the most production oriented. Companies self-typed their competitive strategies using Porter‘s (1980) strategic typology. Overall Cost Leadership strategies were the most common followed by Differentiation and Focus strategies. The majority of companies interviewed competed for customers based on quality, customer service, and price—in that order of importance. Proprietary grading was an important competitive tool for larger companies.Ph. D.
10
Choi, Jaesung. « Transportation Sustainability on Economic and Environmental Aspects in the United States : Statistical and Quantitative Approaches ». Diss., North Dakota State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/24839.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dissertation consists of three essays: 1) Productivity growth in the transportation industries in the United States: An application of the DEA Malmquist productivity index; 2) how does a carbon dioxide emissions change affect transportation productivity? A case study of the U.S. transportation sector from 2002 to 2011; and 3) forecast of CO2 emissions from the U.S. transportation sector: Estimation from a double exponential smoothing model. The first essay reviews productivity growth in the five major transportation industries in the United States (airline, truck, rail, pipeline, and water) and the pooled transportation industry from 2004 to 2011. The major findings are that the U.S. transportation industry shows strong and positive productivity growth except in the years of the global financial crisis in 2007, 2008, and 2010, and among the five transportation industries, the rail and water sectors show the highest productivity growth in 2011. The second essay examines the effects of a carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions change on actual productivity in the U.S. transportation sector. This study finds that a CO2 emissions increase from 2002 to 2007 had a negative effect on actual productivity in the U.S. transportation sector, but the CO2 emissions reduction for 2008?2011 increases actual productivity. States mainly showing sustainable growth patterns (decrease in CO2 emissions concurrent with increasing actual productivity) experience higher technological innovation increase than an efficiency decrease. This finding suggests that fuel-efficient and carbon reduction technologies as well as alternative transportation energy sources may be essential factors to both grow transportation and slow global warming. The third essay reviews whether the decreasing trend in U.S. CO2 emissions from the transportation sector since the end of the 2000s is consistent across all states in the nation for 2012?2021. A double exponential smoothing model is used to forecast CO2 emissions for the transportation sector in the 50 states and the U.S., and its findings are supported by pseudo out-of-sample forecasts validity testing. This study concludes that the decreasing trend in transportation CO2 emissions in the U.S. will continue in most states in the future.Mountain Plains Consortium (MPC)
U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)
Livres sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
DeLeire, Thomas C. Medicaid expansions and fertility in the United States. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
Trouver le texte intégral
2
Nordhaus, William D. The economics of hurricanes in the United States. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
Trouver le texte intégral
3
Brooks, Tyler E. United States agricultural trade. Hauppauge, N.Y : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégral
4
Guess, George M. The politicsof United States foreign aid. New York, N.Y : St. Martin's Press, 1987.
Trouver le texte intégral
5
Elhauge, Einer. United States antitrust law and economics. New York : Foundation Press, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégral
6
J, Barro Robert. Economic growth and convergence across the United States. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégral
7
Vance, Mary A. Economic aspects of agriculture in the United States : Monographs. Monticello, Ill., USA : Vance Bibliographies, 1987.
Trouver le texte intégral
8
Hobijn, Bart. Inflation inequality in the United States. [New York, N.Y.] : Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2003.
Trouver le texte intégral
9
Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Economic and Commercial Analysis Directorate. United States lobster market consumer preference study. Ottawa : Market Analysis Group, Economic and Commercial Analysis Directorate, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégral
10
Gist, Yvonne J. We the people : Aging in the United States. [Washington, DC] : U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economic and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2004.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
Chiswick, Barry R. « The Performance of Immigrants in the United States Labor Market ». Dans Economic Aspects of International Migration, 95–114. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78749-2_4.
Texte intégral
2
Aho, Michael. « Global Economic Rivalry : New Perspectives on Germany (The EC) Japan and the United States ». Dans Economic Aspects of German Unification, 443–69. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_24.
Texte intégral
3
Aho, Michael, et Gary R. Saxonhouse. « Global Economic Rivalry : New Perspectives on Germany (the EC), Japan and the United States ». Dans Economic Aspects of German Unification, 353–82. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97379-6_13.
Texte intégral
4
Saxonhouse, Gary R. « Comments On : Global Economic Rivalry : New Perspectives on Germany (The EC), Japan, and the United States ». Dans Economic Aspects of German Unification, 470–72. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_25.
Texte intégral
5
Vargas Vasserot, Carlos. « Social Enterprises in the European Union : Gradual Recognition of Their Importance and Models of Legal Regulation ». Dans The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law, 27–45. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14216-1_3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis chapter addresses social enterprises as a special corporate category, which in some European jurisdictions, and increasingly so after their promotion by the European Union, are provided with a specific legal framework to promote and encourage their development. The paper begins with a brief compilation of the several social enterprise concepts developed by economic doctrines both in the United States and Europe, which reveal a great diversity of approaches. This is followed by an analysis of the various documents published by the European Union, showing the increasing recognition of this business phenomenon, from the publication of the Social Business Initiative in 2011 to the recent Action Plan for the Social Economy in 2021. Finally, the results obtained from the analysis of the different European legal systems are presented, and three main models of legal regulation of social enterprises are distinguished, namely, the use of the social cooperative form, enactment of a special law, and integration into a social economy law. The chapter concludes with a table comparing the essential aspects of the regulation of social enterprises in 14 European countries.
6
« Economic Aspects ». Dans The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States, 132–64. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511803970.006.
Texte intégral
7
Lofgren, C. S., et C. T. Adams. « Economic Aspects of the Imported Fire Ant in the United States ». Dans The Biology of Social Insects, 124–28. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429309113-26.
Texte intégral
8
Bunk, Brian D. « Steel City Soccer ». Dans From Football to Soccer, 75–98. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043888.003.0005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The popularity of soccer in Great Britain during the late nineteenth century meant that emigrants from those islands took the game with them to their new homes. The period saw soccer clubs and competitions formed in cities around the United States as changes in the conditions of labor and general economic prosperity helped spur the growth of the game. This trend accelerated in the 1890s before dropping off in many places around 1900. Once organized, soccer clubs and competitions faced a number of challenges, including disputes, infighting, and protests. The communities also had logistical issues to overcome, such as inclement weather and trouble finding and maintaining adequate places to play. In this chapter, Pittsburgh is a case study highlighting these general developments. Despite early problems, by the start of World War I, Pittsburgh had one of the most vibrant soccer communities in the United States.
9
Kosseff, Jeff. « America, the Anonymous ». Dans The United States of Anonymous, 9–23. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501762383.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter elaborates on the culture of anonymity empowerment engrained within US history. It starts with Junius' letters, which became a prominent example of pseudonyms and anonymous speech that proliferated in England and the American colonies. Junius' letters feature potential legal, safety, economic, privacy, speech, and power motivations for seeking anonymity. The chapter also covers the Common Sense pamphlet making a call for colonial independence from England. The anonymous political speech did not halt when colonies achieved independence as Federalists like Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published articles to rebut Anti-Federalist criticisms and address aspects of the Constitution.
10
Broadberry, Stephen N., et Karin Wagner. « Human capital and productivity in manufacturing during the twentieth century : Britain, Germany and the United States ». Dans Quantitative Aspects of Post-War European Economic Growth, 244–70. Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511599255.007.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
Grigalashvili, Vephkhvia, et Khatuna Abiashvili. « CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE : POLICY, LAW AND ADMINISTRATION ». Dans Proceedings of the XXVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25042021/7522.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The United States` Critical Infrastructure System (CIs) represents an umbrella concept grouping all those resources that are essential for national economic, financial, and social system. These critical infrastructures are vital and without them, or with any damages to them, would cripple the nation, states, and/or local communities and tribes. Based on a systematic review approach (methodology), this paper aims to review the United States’ Critical Infrastructure Protection System (USCIPS) at tree aspects. In section one, the policy pillars of USCIPS are outlined based on studding Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) and National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). Section two discusses the interdependent nature of the sixteen critical infrastructure sectors and identified the further designation of life-line sectors. Final sector introduces USCIPS stakeholders, collaboration and partnership across between the private sector and public sector stakeholders.
2
BALODE, Ilze, Anna VINTERE, Daiva RIMKUVIENĖ et Eve ARUVEE. « ADULT MATHEMATICAL COMPETENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : CASE OF BALTIC STATES ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mathematical competence is one of the eight basic key competencies which are defined by EU Directives. Mathematical competence includes the skills of applying basic processes and principles of mathematics in everyday contexts. The aim of current research is to identify the role of adult mathematics education and mathematical competence in sustainable development in case of Baltic States. We are continuing the investigations that began in the Nordplus research project “Cooperation to strengthen the citizens' math skills in the context of sustainable development and welfare”. The main objective of the research is to highlight the role of mathematics in a lifelong context. We separate two aspects of mathematics role in sustainable development. The first considers mathematics as a tool in processional work, the second considers the role of mathematical competence in the development of person's intelligence and personality. Both aspects are widely discussed in the scientific literature and in the programmatic documents of United Nations, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organizationn, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Through combining insights of theoretical goals of leading international institutions and actual survey data we can show the value of mathematical competence in adults in the Baltic states.
3
Bull, Diana, et Ann Dallman. « Wave Energy Prize Experimental Sea State Selection ». Dans ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62675.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A detailed methodology was used to select the sea states tested in the final stage of the Wave Energy Prize (WEPrize), a public prize challenge sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy [1]. The winner was selected based on two metrics: a threshold value expressing the benefit to effort ratio (ACE metric) and a second metric which included hydrodynamic performance-related quantities (HPQ). HPQ required additional sea states to query aspects of the techno-economic performance not addressed by ACE. Due to the nature of the WEPrize, limited time was allotted to each contestant for testing and thus a limitation on the total sea states was required. However, the applicability of these sea states was required to encompass seven deployment locations representative of the United States West Coast and Hawaii. A cluster analysis was applied to scatter diagrams in order to determine a subset of sea states that could be scaled to find the average annual power flux at each wave climate for the ACE metric. Four additional sea states were selected, including two highly energetic sea states and two bimodal sea states, to evaluate HPQ. These sea states offer a common experimental testing platform for performance in United States deployment climates.
4
Van Slyke, Brekke, Amin Mirkouei et Michael McKellar. « Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of Dairy Products : A Case Study in Southeast Idaho, USA ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69285.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Idaho was the 3rd largest milk producer in the United States in 2019, and the dairy industry remains one of the most considerable sections of the state’s economy. The dairy industry itself has many effects on the environment, and there are many opportunities within this industry to improve its environmental impacts. This paper explores a dairy processing facility (under current operating norms and an improved set of operating conditions) to assess techno-economic aspects, determine the gate-to-gate environmental impacts, and identify critical process parameters. In this study, the environmental impact was determined using the life cycle assessment method to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions in kg CO2 equivalents per kg of packaged milk. The economic assessment was performed, using a life cycle costing analysis method for estimating the net present value, payback period, and total profit of the various scenarios, as well as determining the major cost drivers to the process. The results show that the total environmental impact of 1 kg of packaged milk was between 0.0102 to 0.0125 kg CO2 equivalents. It was also determined that the proposed adjustments to the operating conditions could reduce the heating costs by 84% and the overall annual costs by 16.3%. This study can help provide justification for further research when determining the optimum operating conditions and energy sources for dairy processing equipment and facilities. This includes investigating both real-world and theoretical models when making plans for improving dairy processes.
5
Wong, Kau-Fui V., Thomas Hutley et Emma Salgado. « Offshore Wind Power and its Potential for Development in the West Wind Drift ». Dans ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39825.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Offshore wind power is an emerging technology capable of providing coastal cities, states, and countries with a substantial portion of their energy needs. The vast potential of offshore wind power has not been fully explored. This work endeavors to perform a review of the literature on offshore wind power. Structural, economic, and environmental aspects are discussed keeping in mind the current status of offshore wind power development around the world. Offshore wind power is a relatively new technology being used by countries such as Denmark, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and China to provide larger and larger portions of their total energy needs. In 1991 Denmark opened its first commercial offshore wind farm in Vindeby producing a mere 4.95 MW of power. More ambitious projects followed and in 2001 the Middelgrunden, Copenhagen wind farm opened producing 40 MW of power. Then in 2000 the Horns Rev wind farm was put online producing 160 MW of power. The United Kingdom has many offshore wind power projects as well. The Blyth Offshore was opened in 2000 and produces 3.8 MW of power and several others in the United Kingdom produce anywhere from 10 to 90 MW of power. By 2007 end, Denmark had 402 MW and the UK had 395 MW, Ireland, Sweden and the Netherlands had varying amounts. Countries such as China and Germany are also leaders in the development of offshore wind power. In the United States, commercial offshore wind projects had a late start. The first operational offshore wind farms opened in 2007. However, the United States does not lag behind in wind power. In 2008 the United States produced more megawatt of wind power than any other country, making them the leader of wind power production. Offshore wind, however, only constitutes a tiny portion of the total wind power production of the United States. Recent advancements in the technology associated with wind power as a renewable energy source have made it a feasible form of climate change mitigation. Recent development has led countries such as Denmark, Portugal, and Spain to devote as much as 19% of their total energy production to wind power as of 2008, and is encouraging many other developed countries to do the same. This paper performs a review of the status of offshore wind projects internationally. It considers specifically the potential of the West Wind Drift near the southernmost tip of South America and the Antarctic Peninsula as a geographically and meteorologically advantageous location for the implementation of these wind technologies. Many of the more general problems associated with the use of wind turbines are eliminated by location alone. The winds that cause the Antarctic Circumpolar Currents (ACC) have a consistent west to east pattern and are some of the strongest winds on Earth, both ideal qualities when considering the possibility of wind power, and the wind in this area has very low intermittency. The average wind speed between 40°S and 60°S is 15 to 24 knots with strongest winds typically between 45°S and 55°S. Cape Horn is about 56°S [1]. Historically, the ACC has been called the ‘West Wind Drift’ because the prevailing westerly wind and current are both eastward. Owing to the remoteness of the Cape Horn area and Antarctica, many of the social matters associated with the development of wind farms are eliminated. Obvious factors must be considered when developing in such an area. The paper will cover the engineering requirements of turbines functioning in subzero temperatures consistently as well as the long distance transmission associated with development in this area and its economic feasibility. It will also cover the environmental and regulatory issues associated with the development in such an area.
6
Mabey, Christopher S., Tevin J. Dickerson, John L. Salmon et Christopher A. Mattson. « An Approach for Predicting Social, Environmental, and Economic Product Impacts and Navigating the Associated Impact Trade-Space in Engineering Design ». Dans ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-116719.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract There is a growing demand for sustainable products and systems. Sustainability encompasses environmental, social, and economic aspects, often referred to as the three pillars of sustainability. To make more sustainable design decisions, engineers need tools to predict the environmental, social, and economic impacts of products and navigate potential impact trade-offs. To capture societal adoption of technology, this article uses agent-based modeling (ABM) to predict impacts across all three pillars of sustainability and how to navigate the multidimensional impact trade space. The approach described in this article is based on three main components for the predictive modeling of product impacts and impact trade-space navigation, i) ABM of product adoption, ii) the assessment of product impacts, and iii) an approach for design decisions in the presence of impact trade-offs. The trade-space navigation uses a visual approach to find the non-dominated solutions in the product impact space. To illustrate and describe how to use the method, a case study is presented that predicts the impact of residential solar panels in a region of the United States under various scenarios. The findings of the case study can help policymakers understand suitable implementation strategies for residential solar panels while considering the impact trade-offs involved.
7
Brunner, Martin, et Alfred Sigg. « Waste-to-Energy in Europe and Technology Highlights From Von Roll Inova Projects ». Dans 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3200.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Von Roll Inova is a major provider of thermal treatment technologies ranging from combustion, energy recovery, air pollution control, and residue processing. The company is headquartered in Switzerland and its portfolio includes over 300 WTEs around the world, processing more than 100,000 metric tons of solid wastes per day. This paper discusses the technological and political trends in Europe regarding waste-to-energy, the state-of-the-art-technology and presents an an overview of recently executed projects by Von Roll Inova. During the hiatus on new plant construction in the U.S., European countries pursued a variety of different approaches. Not all the results showed environmental, social or economic promise. Of the aspects developed since the mid-nineties, some are applicable to the United States. Particularly the advances in air pollution control technology and improved thermal efficiency will be useful as new Waste-to-Energy capacity is added in the U.S. and delays in permitting may be avoided by taking advantage of such experience transfers.
8
STĂNCIULESCU, Gabriela Doina. « A CRITICAL VIEW ON DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF FAMILY BUSINESS IN ROMANIAN, EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT ». Dans International Conference of Management and Industrial Engineering. Editura Niculescu, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/11icmie2023.34.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Family businesses represent an important percentage of the world economy in terms of global turnover and social impact by providing many jobs. The essential characteristics, such as durability over time, flexibility in periods of economic instability, and certain ethics promoted in the business, have attracted the researchers’ attention, especially from the second half of the last century. A global analysis of this economic segment is difficult, primarily due to a lack of a unitary field definition. The present study attempts to present some definitions used in the most developed economic areas of the world, such as the European Union, the United States of America, China, etc., emphasizing the local particularities but especially the common aspects, based on which it will be possible to individualize the field of family businesses, considering the process of increased globalization of the world economy. It will be analysed the effort and interest of the European Union in developing a unitary definition of family businesses, starting from the national definitions, to create unitary legislation as an essential element in achieving cohesion at the European level. The methodology included specialized literature (analyses, articles, studies) on various aspects of the field and the research of some legal, national, and European documents related to the definition of the family business concept as secondary research. The present study is part of a larger research on the field of family business, focusing on technology-based family businesses and especially on family businesses in the book publishing industry. The study is addressed to the researchers of the family business sector and their managers to find effective ways. It means making the political factor aware of the domain's importance and creating a legislative framework adapted to this type of business's specific needs for support, promotion, and development.
9
Rosetta, M. J., et D. H. Martens. « Vaporization of LNG Using Fired Heaters With Waste Heat Recovery ». Dans ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61648.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is an important component in meeting the future energy needs of the United States and other industrialized countries. The ability to locate (produce), process, liquefy, transport, and re-gasify stranded natural gas is vital to maintaining a stable long-term natural gas supply necessary for sustained economic growth [1]. Two of the key components in this supply chain are the vaporization of the LNG at the import terminal and the peak shaver trains that liquefy pipe line natural gas, store it and then vaporize the liquid to feed the gas to the pipe line when additional flow is required. This paper outlines a novel approach incorporating a traditional fired heater with waste heat recovery to vaporize LNG at an import terminal or peak shaver train while maintaining a high thermal efficiency. A comparison is made between the new technology and more conventional methods, with emphasis on emissions. Some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the design and implementation of these systems are explored in this presentation. As a fundamental cannon of ethics, engineers are obligated to address the most efficient and responsible use of resources. The environmental impact of supplying the necessary natural gas energy to industry and consumers is significant. This paper addresses these aspects as considered during the development of the alternative LNG vaporization technology.
10
Şaykol, Ediz. « On the Economical Impacts of Cloud Computing in Information Technology Industry ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00851.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cloud computing, as defined by United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “... is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” Goal of the study is to highlight the positive economical impacts of cloud computing for companies, which can be assessed by focusing on their business goals to make more profit. Under the cloud computing model, firms can rent as many virtual machines as they need at any given time, and either design or use off-the-shelf solutions to integrate company-wide data and then easily distribute access to users within and outside of the company. Hence, cloud computing converts fixed capital costs to variable costs, prevents under or over provisioning, and allows minute by minute flexibility. Hence, the companies concentrate on their own business goals on top on a stable and effective information technology backbone. Most literature on cloud computing reside in computer science resources. However, there is little work focusing on the social and economic significance of cloud computing in the economics literature. Hence, this paper first discusses the basics of the cloud computing along with its implications on information technology (IT) field, with paying special attention to economical aspects. Then, empirical results and elaborations are to be given to yield a conclusion.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Football – Economic aspects – United States"
1
Romero, Antonio. The Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement and relations between European Union and Cuba. Fundación Carolina, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff01en.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This document makes an assessment of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement (PDCA) between Cuba and the European Union (EU) in its four years of validity, and of the evolution of political and economic relations between both parties. The analysis is structured in five headings that address the background, determinants and significance of the PDCA between Cuba and the EU; the main elements discussed in the political dialogue —and in thematic dialogue— between the two parties since 2018, and the central aspects of trade, investment and cooperation relations between Cuba and the EU. The report concludes that, unlike the United States, the EU is able to support the complex process of economic and institutional transformations underway in Cuba, in four fundamental areas: i) technical assistance and advice for the design and implementation of public policies, macroeconomic management, decentralisation and local development; ii) cooperation to fight climate change and transform Cuba’s productive and technological structure; iii) the promotion and encouragement of foreign investment flows from Europe, targeting key productive sectors; and iv) the exploration of financial opportunities for Cuba through the European Investment Bank (EIB) under the current PDCA.
2
Marchini, Geneviève Marthe Marie. Working paper PUEAA No. 16. The US exit from Afghanistan. Reverberation across Latin America. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.001r.2023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, I aim to analyze which direct or indirect implications the US withdrawal from Afghanistan had for Latin America, especially in the economic sphere, an aspect less addressed. My point is that there were few direct economic effects, due to the lack of relevance of trade and investment links between Afghanistan and Latin American countries, but the consequences of the US exit reverberated through the global system and through its real and potential effects on topics of common interest. As peripheral and semi-peripheral countries, and despite the absence of international wars in the region, several Latin American countries share with Afghanistan aspects of an insertion in the global economy which includes illicit activities or activities at the margins of legality, like the production, transit and exports of drugs, or the privatization of war, or are affected by the struggles between the great powers, especially the United States and China. The paper is organized as follows: in a first section we briefly introduce the Afghan economy and show the weak links it maintains with Latin America. The second section discusses some immediate reactions to the US withdrawal in Latin America and examines one of its direct effects, related to the participation of Colombian military personnel and former soldiers in Afghanistan. The third section deals with the reverberations of the US exit on the “war on drugs,”, which involves several Latin American countries as well as Afghanistan, and the fourth section approaches the possible impacts on the international infrastructure initiatives in both regions. The last section concludes.
3
Kislev, Yoav, Ramon Lopez et Ayal Kimhi. Intergenerational Transfers by Farmers under Different Institutional Environments. United States Department of Agriculture, avril 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604936.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research studies the issues of intergenerational transfers in general and farm succession in particular in two different institutional environments. One is the relatively unregulated farm sector in the United States, and the other is the heavily regulated family farms in Israeli moshavim. Most of the analysis is based on modern economic theory dealing with inheritance and other intergenerational issues. However, we start with two background studies. One is a review of the legal system affecting farm succession in the moshav, which, as we claim throughout the report, is of major importance to the question in hand. The second is an ethnographical study aimed at documenting various inheritance and succession practices in different moshavim. These two studies provide insight for most of the economic studies included here. The theoretical studies mostly deal with various aspects of two major decisions faced by farmers: who will succeed them on the farm, and when will succession take place. The first decision clearly depends on the institutional structure: for instance, Israeli farmers are limited to one successor while American farmers are not. The second decision can be taken in three stages: sharing farm work with the successor, sharing farm management, and eventually transferring the ownership. The occurrence and length of each stage depend on the first decision as well as on the institutional structure directly. The empirical studies are aimed at analyzing the practices and considerations of Israeli and American farmers regarding various intergenerational transfers-related issues. We found that American farmers' decisions are mainly driven by the desire to let the farm prosper in future generations and by a preference for equal treatment of heirs, and not at all by old-age support considerations. In contrast, we demonstrate the significant effect of old-age support on the value of the transferred farm in a sample of Israeli farms. Using Israeli census data, we find that the time of farm ownership transfer responds to economic incentives. A smaller Israeli panel data set shows that controlling for the occurrence of succession, farm size rises with operator's age and eventually falls, while intensity of production seems to decline steadily. This explains another finding, that farm transfer contributed significantly to farm growth when farming was attractive to successors. This finding supports our main conclusion, that the succession decisions are of major importance to the viability and profitability of family farms over the long run.
4
Kimhi, Ayal, Barry Goodwin, Ashok Mishra, Avner Ahituv et Yoav Kislev. The dynamics of off-farm employment, farm size, and farm structure. United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695877.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives: (1) Preparing panel data sets for both the United States and Israel that contain a rich set of farm attributes, such as size, specialization, and output composition, and farmers’ characteristics such as off-farm employment status, education, and family composition. (2) Developing an empirical framework for the joint analysis of all the endogenous variables of interest in a dynamic setting. (3) Estimating simultaneous equations of the endogenous variables using the panel data sets from both countries. (4) Analyzing, using the empirical results, the possible effects of economic policies and institutional changes on the dynamics of the farm sector. An added objective is analyzing structural changes in farm sectors in additional countries. Background: Farm sectors in developed countries, including the U.S. and Israel, have experienced a sharp decline in their size and importance during the second half of the 20th century. The overall trend is towards fewer and larger farms that rely less on family labor. These structural changes have been a reaction to changes in technology, in government policies, and in market conditions: decreasing terms of trade, increasing alternative opportunities, and urbanization pressures. As these factors continue to change, so does the structure of the agricultural sector. Conclusions: We have shown that all major dimensions of structural changes in agriculture are closely interlinked. These include farm efficiency, farm scale, farm scope (diversification), and off-farm labor. We have also shown that these conclusions hold and perhaps even become stronger whenever dynamic aspects of structural adjustments are explicitly modeled using longitudinal data. While the results vary somewhat in the different applications, several common features are observed for both the U.S. and Israel. First, the trend towards the concentration of farm production in a smaller number of larger farm enterprises is likely to continue. Second, at the micro level, increased farm size is negatively associated with increased off-farm labor, with the causality going both ways. Third, the increase in farm size is mostly achieved by diversifying farm production into additional activities (crops or livestock). All these imply that the farm sector converges towards a bi-modal farm distribution, with some farms becoming commercial while the remaining farm households either exit farming altogether or continue producing but rely heavily on off-farm income. Implications: The primary scientific implication of this project is that one should not analyze a specific farm attribute in isolation. We have shown that controlling for the joint determination of the various farm and household attributes is crucial for obtaining meaningful empirical results. The policy implications are to some extent general but could be different in the two countries. The general implication is that farm policy is an important determinant of structural changes in the farm sector. For the U.S., we have shown the different effects of coupled and decoupled (direct) farm payments on the various farm attributes, and also shown that it is important to take into account the joint farm-household decisions in order to conduct a meaningful policy analysis. Only this kind of analysis explains the indirect effect of direct farm payments on farm production decisions. For Israel, we concluded that farm policy (or lack of farm policy) has contributed to the fast structural changes we observed over the last 25 years. The sharp change of direction in farm policy that started in the early 1980s has accelerated structural changes that could have been smoother otherwise. These accelerated structural changes most likely lead to welfare losses in rural areas.
5
Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine et Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.