Bibliographies thématiques / Food utilization efficiencies

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Food utilization efficiencies »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Food utilization efficiencies"

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Cohen, Allen C., et Nina M. Urias. « FOOD UTILIZATION AND EGESTION RATES OF THE PREDATOR GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES (HEMIPTERA : HETEROPTERA) FED ARTIFICIAL DIETS WITH RUTIN ». Journal of Entomological Science 23, no 2 (1 avril 1988) : 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.2.174.

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A predaceous hemipteran, Geocoris punctipes (Say) was fed an artificial diet containing 0, 0.01, 0.10, or 1.00% rutin, a plant secondary chemical known to affect adversely certain phytophagous insects. Survival rates, exuvial weights, egg weights, relative growth rates, consumption indices, growth efficiencies, metabolic efficiencies and digestive efficiencies were unaffected by any of the rutin concentrations tested. Frass production for nymphs and adults was decreased by all rutin treatments. Uric acid excretion was decreased by all rutin concentrations in adult G. punctipes but not in nymphal insects.
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Costa, F. J. C. B., B. B. M. Rocha, C. E. Viana et A. C. Toledo. « Utilization of Vinasse Effluents from an Anaerobic Reactor ». Water Science and Technology 18, no 12 (1 décembre 1986) : 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0169.

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An anaerobic reactor was developed to biodigest alcohol distillery wastes. A further post-treatment of the effluent reduced the level of pollution to the point of eventually discharging into streams and rivers. The present work also analyses the use of biodigested vinasse as a source of food for fish. Very high efficiencies were obtained during primary and secondary treatment of vinasse effluent, as demonstrated by the greatly reduced organic load. The utilization of the treated effluent as a source of fish food presents an excellent alternative for the Brazilian alcohol industry.
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Barros de Freitas, Ana Carolina, Aylton Bartholazzi Junior, Celia Raquel Quirino et Ricardo Lopes Dias da Costa. « Water and food utilization efficiencies in sheep and their relationship with some production traits ». Small Ruminant Research 197 (avril 2021) : 106334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106334.

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Slansky, F. « Food utilization by insects : Interpretation of observed differences between dry weight and energy efficiencies ». Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 39, no 1 (octobre 1985) : 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1985.tb03542.x.

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Stamp, Nancy E. « Stability of Growth and Consumption Rates and Food Utilization Efficiencies When Insects Are given an Excess of Food ». Annals of the Entomological Society of America 84, no 1 (1 janvier 1991) : 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/84.1.58.

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Luthra, Kaushik, et Sammy Sadaka. « Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of Fluidized and Fixed Bed Rice Drying ». Transactions of the ASABE 64, no 6 (2021) : 1943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14670.

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HighlightsFluidized bed drying of rough riceat 40°C with or without ambient air dehumidification worked best based on the energy and exergy utilization.The dryer lost exergy in the exit air, which was the primary cause of thermal inefficiency; recirculation of the exit air could improve the exergy efficiency.Ambient air dehumidification did not reduce the dryer’s energy utilization and exergy efficiency for rough rice.Abstract. Fluidized bed drying of rough rice in the U.S. has not been used to its full potential due to a lack of research to address rice quality impacts and energy consumption. Little research has been done to analyze the energy and exergy of fluidized bed drying of rough rice. Thermal analysis allows using the drying air’s energy better and improving the drying system’s thermal efficiency. In this study, energy utilization and energy utilization ratio were calculated using the first law of thermodynamics, while exergy loss and exergy efficiency were determined using the second law. Drying air temperature (40°C, 45°C, or 50°C), drying bed condition (fluidized or fixed), drying duration (30, 45, or 60 min), and ambient air dehumidification (yes or no) were the tested factors. A lab-scale drying system designed in a previous study was used. Three replicates were performed to minimize any bias or human errors. All factors significantly affected the energy and exergy of the drying process, except dehumidification and replication. The minimum and maximum energy utilization values were 0.01 and 0.55 kJ s-1 for fixed bed drying at 40°C for 30 min with dehumidification and fluidized bed drying at 50°C for 60 min without dehumidification, respectively. The minimum and maximum exergy efficiency values were 13.46% and 49.14% for fixed bed drying at 45°C for 45 min with dehumidification and fluidized bed drying at 40°C for 60 min with dehumidification, respectively. The primary cause of thermal inefficiency was attributed to the energy and exergy losses in the exit air, while the secondary source was the exergy and energy losses from the drying chamber and inlet air pipes. Costly solutions could be recirculation of the exit air and better insulation of the drying chamber and inlet pipes. However, using the optimal drying conditions for the energy and exergy utilization of the drying air is suggested. This study found that fluidized bed drying was better than fixed bed drying overall. At the primary drying stage, fluidized bed drying had a higher exergy efficiency, energy utilization, and energy utilization ratio than fixed bed drying. At 40°C, fluidized bed drying with or without ambient air dehumidification worked best based on the energy and exergy utilization of the drying system. Keywords: Dehumidification, Energy, Exergy, Fixed bed, Fluidized bed, Rice drying.
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Brodbeck, Brent V., Peter C. Andersen et Russell F. Mizell. « 649 PB 419 UTILIZATION OF XYLEM FLUID DURING DEVELOPMENT BY THE LEAFHOPPER VECTOR, HOMALODISCA COAGULATA ». HortScience 29, no 5 (mai 1994) : 525f—525. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.525f.

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Homalodisca coagulata (Say) is a xylem feeding leafhopper that is the principal vector of many economically-important diseases resulting from infection by Xylella fastidiosa (i.e., plum leaf scald, phony peach disease, Pierce's disease). Xylem fluid consists primarily of dilute concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and inorganic ions, and thus provides less nitrogen and carbon for herbivorous insects than any other plant tissue. Despite these nutritional constraints, H. coagulata is highly polyphagous. To assess how H. coagulata subsists on this dilute food source we examined host utilization by different instars on Lagerstroemia indica L. (preferred adult food source) and Euonymus japonica Thumb. (preferred ovipositional site). Different instars survived and utilized nutrients at varying rates on the two hosts. Second instar nymphs survived at higher rates on E. japonica and utilized nitrogen more efficiently than on L. indica, yet assimilated nitrogen was less as a result of lower feeding rates. Adults on L. indica were more successful than those on E. japonica, used carbon more efficiently, and assimilated higher quantities of both carbon and nitrogen. Efficiencies of nutrient utilization were high for E. coagulata compared to other types of insects with assimilation efficiencies of specific compounds often exceeding 90%.
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Moran, J. B. « The influence of season and management system on intake and productivity of confined dairy cows in a Mediterranean climate ». Animal Science 49, no 3 (décembre 1989) : 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100032554.

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The influence of season and management system on the productivity of Friesian cows in a Mediterranean climate was assessed. Intakes of food and water and milk yields were measured in 154 cows over 2·5 years while intensively managed in yards giving access to shelter (free stalls) or that were fully exposed to solar radiation (open lots). Food quality was also monitored to permit estimates of the efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for milk production over fortnightly periods.The highest milk yields and energetic efficiencies were recorded during spring. Energy intakes were highest but energetic efficiencies were lowest during winter. Cows consumed the least food during summer and autumn and drank the most water during summer. The only significant effect of management system was for water intake, which was higher in the open lots than in the free stalls. There was evidence of heat stress in summer and cold stress in winter, but there appeared to be little benefit with milk yields through the provision of shelter.
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Semwal, D. P., et Shamila Kalia. « Energy budget of a phytophagous insect, an acridian criotettix grandis hanc. » Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no 1 (1 mars 2014) : 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-i8u0qi.

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The studies on energetics are concerned mainly with evaluating the energy flow and, therefore, are related to the incorporation of energy into new protoplasm in addition to estimates of maintenance of energy. The work with Criotettix grandis Hanc. has still not been worked upon therefore Quantitative estimation of consumption, assimilation, tissue growth and food utilization efficiencies of the phytophagous insect was calculated and worked out.
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Peoples, A. C., et F. J. Gordon. « The influence of wilting and season of silage harvest and the fat and protein concentration of the supplement on milk production and food utilization by lactating cattle ». Animal Science 48, no 2 (avril 1989) : 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100040307.

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ABSTRACTThis study was designed to examine the influence of pre-wilting and season of harvesting of silage on milk production and food utilization by dairy cattle and also the response to protein and fat concentration of the supplement given with silage. Twenty-four lactating British Friesian cows were used i n a four-period, partially balanced, change-over design experiment to evaluate 12 treatments consisting of three silage types (spring harvest unwilted (lUnW), autumn harvest unwilted (3UnW) and autumn harvest wilted (3W), each offered in addition to supplements containing both two crude protein levels (160 and 210 g/kg fresh weight) and two levels of inclusion of a fat supplement (0 and 100 g/kg fresh weight) in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. All supplements were offered at the same rate of 6·8 kg/day. Total diet digestibility and food utilization studies were carried out on all animals at the end of the third and fourth experimental periods.The wilted silage (3W) had a higher digestibility than the unwilted (3UnW) material and animals offered 3W silage consumed proportionately 0·18 more silage DM and produced 1·6 MJ/day more milk energy output than those offered 3UnW. The total ration digesibility and food utilization data showed the animals given the 3W silage consumed 13·5 MJ more metabolizable energy (ME) per day than those offered the 3UnW silage and were less efficient at converting the ME available for production into milk energy output than those given the 3UnW silage (efficiencies were 0·58 and 0·53 for 3UnW and 3W silages respectively).There were no differences between the digestibilities of the spring (lUnW) and autumn (3UnW) silages with the concentrations of digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DM) being 650 and 648 g/kg respectively. However, animals offered lUnW silage consumed proportionately 0·12 more DM and produced 1·05 kg/day more fat-corrected milk than those given 3UnW silage. The food utilization data indicated that this milk production difference could be accounted for by the higher ME intake on lUnW and that the efficiencies of conversion of ME available for production to milk energy output were similar with both seasons of harvests (efficiencies were 0·57 and 0·58 for lUnW and 3UnW respectively).Increasing the crude protein concentration of the supplement from 160 to 210 g/kg increased silage DM intake, milk yield and milk energy output by 0·2 kg, 0·66 kg and 1·9 MJ/day respectively with the response being greatest with lUnW and least with 3UnW silage. Increasing the fat concentration of the supplement depressed silage DM intake but increased milk yield by 0·53 kg/day.The effects of the treatments on total diet digestibility, energy and nitrogen utilization, and the volatile fatty acid concentrations of rumen fluid are also given.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Food utilization efficiencies"

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Prasad, Anjali Km. « Food utilization efficiencies and developmental traits of common tea loopers (Geometridae:Lepidoptera) on natural host plants and synthetic diets ». Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2554.

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Livres sur le sujet "Food utilization efficiencies"

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Office, General Accounting. VA health care : Opportunities for service delivery efficiencies within existing resources : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C : The Office, 1996.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Food utilization efficiencies"

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« Some of these could also be operated in the energy range above lOMeV for experiments designed to determine at which energy level radioactivity can be induced in the irradiated medium. A linac with a maximum energy of 25 MeV was commissioned for the U.S. Army Natick Research and Development Labora­ tories in 1963. Its beam power was 6.5 kW at an electron energy of 10 MeV, 18 kW at 24 MeV. Assuming 100% efficiency, a 1-kW beam can irradiate 360 kg of product with a dose of 10 kGy/h. The efficiency of electron accelerators is higher than that of gamma sources because the electron beam can be directed at the product, whereas the gamma sources emit radiation in all directions. An efficiency of 50% is a realistic assumption for accelerator facilities. With that and 6.5 kW beam power an accelerator of the type built for the Natick laboratories can process about 1.2t/h at 10 kGy. In Odessa in the former Soviet Union, now in the Ukraine, two 20-kW accelerators with an energy of 1.4 MeV installed next to a grain elevator went into operation in 1983. Each accelerator has the capacity to irradiate 200 t of wheat per hour with a dose of 200 Gy for insect disinfestation. This corresponds to a beam utilization of 56% (9). In France, a facility for electron irradiation of frozen deboned chicken meat commenced operation at Berric near Vannes (Brittany) in late 1986. The purpose of irradiation is to improve the hygienic quality of the meat by destroying salmonella and other disease-causing (pathogenic) microorganisms. The electron beam accelerator is a 7 MeV/10 kW Cassitron built by CGR-MeV (10). An irradiation facility of this type is shown in Figure . Because of their relatively low depth of penetration electron beams cannot be used for the irradiation of animal carcasses, large packages, or other thick materials. However, this difficulty can be overcome by converting the electrons to x-rays. As indicated in Figure 9, this can be done by fitting a water-cooled metal plate to the scanner. Whereas in conventional x-ray tubes the conversion of electron energy to x-ray energy occurs only with an efficiency of about %, much higher efficiencies can be achieved in electron accelerators. The conversion efficiency depends on the material of the converter plate (target) and on the electron energy. Copper converts 5-MeV electrons with about 7% efficiency, 10-MeV electrons with 12% efficiency. A tungsten target can convert 5-MeV electrons with about 20%, 10-MeV electrons with 30% efficiency. (Exact values depend on target thickness.) In contrast to the distinct gamma radiation energy emitted from radionuclides and to the monoenergetic electrons produced by accelerators, the energy spectrum of x-rays is continuous from the value equivalent to the energy of the bombarding electrons to zero. The intensity of this spectrum peaks at about one-tenth of the maximum energy value. The exact location of the intensity peak depends on the thickness of the converter plate and on some other factors. As indicated in Figure ». Dans Safety of Irradiated Foods, 40. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273168-31.

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