Articles de revues : « Food metabolome »

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Zhu, Guangsu, Min Guo, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang et Wei Chen. « Integrative Metabolomic Characterization Reveals the Mediating Effect of Bifidobacterium breve on Amino Acid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease ». Nutrients 14, n^o 4 (9 février 2022) : 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040735.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly accompanied by global alterations in metabolic profiles, resulting in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in the brain. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we performed integrative untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolite alterations in the serum and hippocampal tissues of amyloid-β (Aβ)-injected AD model mice and sham controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 intervention significantly restored the differential metabolites induced by Aβ-injection, resulting in B. breve CCFM1025 serum and hippocampal metabolomes clustering between control and model mice. Furthermore, pathway and metabolite set enrichment analysis found that these altered metabolites were predominantly linked to amino acid metabolism. Overall, the integrative metabolome analysis indicated that B. breve CCFM1025 supplementation could modulate serum and hippocampal metabolomes in the early stage of AD, with amino acids as a potential driver.

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Ephraim, Eden, et Dennis E. Jewell. « Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease ». Metabolites 10, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2020) : 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090370.

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Renal diets are recommended for dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the effects of foods with added betaine and fiber on the plasma and fecal metabolome and fecal microbiome in dogs with early stage CKD. At baseline, several metabolites differed between healthy dogs and those with CKD. Dogs with CKD (n = 28) received a control food, low soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)), or high soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS) each for 10 weeks in different sequences. Consumption of test foods led to several favorable, significant changes in the plasma metabolome, including decreases of several uremic toxins and other deleterious metabolites, and increases in favorable metabolites compared with the control food. Only 7 fecal metabolites significantly changed with consumption of the test foods compared with the control food, largely increases in polyphenols and lignans. Few changes were seen in the fecal microbiome, though some taxa that significantly changed in response to the test foods have beneficial effects on health, with some negatively correlating with uremic toxins. Overall, foods with added betaine and soluble fiber showed positive effects on the plasma and fecal metabolomes.

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SAKURAI, Nozomu. « Food Metabolome Repository : a New Database for Identification of Unknown Compounds in Food Metabolome Analyses ». Oleoscience 19, n^o 2 (2019) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.19.59.

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Szczerbinski, Lukasz, Gladys Wojciechowska, Adam Olichwier, Mark A. Taylor, Urszula Puchta, Paulina Konopka, Adam Paszko et al. « Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Serum Metabolic Signature of Childhood Obesity ». Nutrients 14, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2022) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010214.

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Obesity rates among children are growing rapidly worldwide, placing massive pressure on healthcare systems. Untargeted metabolomics can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and elucidate mechanisms related to its symptoms. However, the metabolic signatures of obesity in children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with obesity development in childhood. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on fasting serum samples from 27 obese Caucasian children and adolescents and 15 sex- and age-matched normal-weight children. Three metabolomic assays were combined and yielded 726 unique identified metabolites: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC LC–MS/MS), and lipidomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of obese and normal-weight children, with 162 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between groups. Children with obesity had higher concentrations of branch-chained amino acids and various lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides. Thus, an early manifestation of obesity pathogenesis and its metabolic consequences in the serum metabolome are correlated with altered lipid metabolism. Obesity metabolite patterns in the adult population were very similar to the metabolic signature of childhood obesity. Identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and used to study obesity pathomechanisms.

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Ghini, Veronica, Leonardo Tenori, Francesco Capozzi, Claudio Luchinat, Achim Bub, Corinne Malpuech-Brugere, Caroline Orfila, Luigi Ricciardiello et Alessandra Bordoni. « DHA-Induced Perturbation of Human Serum Metabolome. Role of the Food Matrix and Co-Administration of Oat β-glucan and Anthocyanins ». Nutrients 12, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2019) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010086.

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to have a positive impact on many diet-related disease risks, including metabolic syndrome. Although many DHA-enriched foods have been marketed, the impact of different food matrices on the effect of DHA is unknown. As well, the possibility to enhance DHA effectiveness through the co-administration of other bioactives has seldom been considered. We evaluated DHA effects on the serum metabolome administered to volunteers at risk of metabolic syndrome as an ingredient of three different foods. Foods were enriched with DHA alone or in combination with oat beta-glucan or anthocyanins and were administered to volunteers for 4 weeks. Serum samples collected at the beginning and end of the trial were analysed by NMR-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to characterize modifications in the serum metabolome and to evaluate bioactive-bioactive and bioactive-food matrix interactions. DHA administration induces metabolome perturbation that is influenced by the food matrix and the co-presence of other bioactives. In particular, when co-administered with oat beta-glucan, DHA induces a strong rearrangement in the lipoprotein profile of the subjects. The observed modifications are consistent with clinical results and indicate that metabolomics represents a possible strategy to choose the most appropriate food matrices for bioactive enrichment.

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Kay, Colin, Alex Smirnov, Jessica Everhart, Ciara Conway, Harry Schulz, Zhaocong Yang, Jing Yang et Xiuxia Du. « The Metabolome of Food Knowledge Database : Development of a Nutrition Database to Support Precision Nutrition ». Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (juin 2022) : 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac078.008.

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Abstract Objectives To develop a precision nutrition knowledge database, with the aim to provide individualized and actionable dietary recommendations to help prevent disease. However presently, dietary phytochemicals are poorly represented in current metabolomic databases. To address this gap, we are building a cloud-based knowledge database (KDB) named “The Metabolome of Food” (MetaboFood®) which focuses on phytochemical compositional, metabolite and pathway data. Methods MetaboFood® features P-MetDB®, a database in static tabular form, of nutritionally relevant phytochemicals and their metabolites derived from systematic literature reviews of 17 commonly consumed phytochemical-rich foods, matched to InChI key, physical and chemical properties (mass, formula) and database identifiers (i.e., PubChem ID, KEGG ID, SMILES etc.). To build MetaboFood®, information about metabolic pathways and diseases associated with these foods have been extracted from various pathway databases using APIs that these databases provide. Information can be searched in MetaboFood® and results are explored in a highly visual and interactive way, in the form of self-organizing maps, node-link diagrams, Sankey diagrams and other visual analytics techniques. Results MetaboFood® captures data on foods, their phytochemical compositions, human and microbial metabolites, and pathway and diseases linkages. Information in MetaboFood® facilitates both hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing relative to food and pathway analysis. Initial use of this database identifies significant interactions between polyphenol rich foods and numerous metabolic networks. Conclusions MetaboFood® builds on traditional food composition databases by integrating biochemical and disease pathway data with diet metabolites. A key to moving forward is building data richness, enabling greater connections between diet and health. Funding Sources Research reported in this abstract was supported by a NIEHS Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource (HHEAR) program grant under award number 1U2CES030857-01 and a NIH Nutrition for Precision Health (NPH) Metabolomics and Clinical Assay Center (MCAC) grant under the award number 1U24CA268153-01. CDK was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch award (Kay-Colin; 1,011,757).

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Brown, Dustin G., Erica C. Borresen, Regina J. Brown et Elizabeth P. Ryan. « Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks : a randomised controlled trial ». British Journal of Nutrition 117, n^o 9 (14 mai 2017) : 1244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001106.

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AbstractRice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.

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Martín-Masot, Rafael, Jose Daniel Galo-Licona, Natàlia Mota-Martorell, Joaquim Sol, Mariona Jové, José Maldonado, Reinald Pamplona et Teresa Nestares. « Up-Regulation of Specific Bioactive Lipids in Celiac Disease ». Nutrients 13, n^o 7 (30 juin 2021) : 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072271.

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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy linked to alterations of metabolism. Currently, limited untargeted metabolomic studies evaluating differences in the plasma metabolome of CD subjects have been documented. We engage in a metabolomic study that analyzes plasma metabolome in 17 children with CD treated with a gluten-free diet and 17 healthy control siblings in order to recognize potential changes in metabolic networks. Our data demonstrates the persistence of metabolic defects in CD subjects in spite of the dietary treatment, affecting a minor but significant fraction (around 4%, 209 out of 4893 molecular features) of the analyzed plasma metabolome. The affected molecular species are mainly, but not exclusively, lipid species with a particular affectation of steroids and derivatives (indicating an adrenal gland affectation), glycerophospholipids (to highlight phosphatidic acid), glycerolipids (with a special affectation of diacylglycerols), and fatty acyls (eicosanoids). Our findings are suggestive of an activation of the diacylglycerol-phosphatidic acid signaling pathway in CD that may potentially have detrimental effects via activation of several targets including protein kinases such as mTOR, which could be the basis of the morbidity and mortality connected with untreated CD. However, more studies are necessary to validate this idea regarding CD.

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Bagheri, Minoo, Jonathan D. Mosley et Jane F. Ferguson. « Diet Quality, Gut Microbiome and Metabolism ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab054_003.

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Abstract Objectives Dietary pattern is associated with circulatory and gut metabolome variation. However, it is unclear if this association is mediated by gut microbiome composition. We investigated whether the interaction between diet quality and gut microbiome influenced circulatory and gut metabolites. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 75 healthy adults in the ABO Study. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Metabolome profiling (800 circulatory and 767 gut metabolites) was performed at Metabolon Inc. Two gut microbiome Enterotypes (1 and 2) were identified using the Partitioning Around Medoids method. Metabolite set enrichment analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to test for an interaction between the gut microbiome-HEI and metabolite levels. Results Diet quality was significantly higher in participants with Enterotype 2, compared to those with Enterotype 1 (P = 0.01). The gut microbiome-HEI interaction (Enterotype 2 and higher HEI) was directly related to omega-3/omega-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and acetyl/acyl derivatives of amino acids. It was inversely linked to polar lipids including 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC (16:0/18:2), which demonstrated the most significant association (β = 0.008, P = 0.0009) among circulatory metabolites. Considering gut metabolome, however, the interaction directly associated with metabolites involved in DNA synthesis including thymidine 5′-monophosphate, which showed the strongest association (β = 0.041, P = 0.0007), and bile acids derivatives. It inversely associated with fatty acids and branch chain amino acids. ‘Glycine and serine metabolism’ was the only pathway that was significantly enriched by the interaction (P = 0.044). Conclusions Future research is warranted; however, these findings suggest that the efficacy of dietary interventions targeted at altering metabolism (the metabolism of lipids (PUFAs and polar lipids), amino acids and nucleotides) may be dependent on gut microbiome composition. Funding Sources The National Institutes of Health.

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Jin, Qi, Alicen Black, Stefanos N. Kales, Dhiraj Vattem, Miguel Ruiz-Canela et Mercedes Sotos-Prieto. « Metabolomics and Microbiomes as Potential Tools to Evaluate the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet ». Nutrients 11, n^o 1 (21 janvier 2019) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010207.

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The approach to studying diet–health relationships has progressively shifted from individual dietary components to overall dietary patterns that affect the interaction and balance of low-molecular-weight metabolites (metabolome) and host-enteric mic{Citation}robial ecology (microbiome). Even though the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a powerful strategy to improve health, the accurate assessment of exposure to the MedDiet has been a major challenge in epidemiological and clinical studies. Interestingly, while the effects of individual dietary components on the metabolome have been described, studies investigating metabolomic profiles in response to overall dietary patterns (including the MedDiet), although limited, have been gaining attention. Similarly, the beneficial effects of the MedDiet on cardiometabolic outcomes may be mediated through gut microbial changes. Accumulating evidence linking food ingestion and enteric microbiome alterations merits the evaluation of the microbiome-mediated effects of the MedDiet on metabolic pathways implicated in disease. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational and clinical trials involving the MedDiet by (1) assessing changes in the metabolome and microbiome for the measurement of diet pattern adherence and (2) assessing health outcomes related to the MedDiet through alterations to human metabolomics and/or the microbiome.

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De Angelis, Maria, Gabriella Garruti, Fabio Minervini, Leonilde Bonfrate, Piero Portincasa et Marco Gobbetti. « The Food-gut Human Axis : The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome ». Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, n^o 19 (12 septembre 2019) : 3567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170428103848.

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Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.

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Li, Yuanyuan (Rose). « Maternal Soybean Diet on Prevention of Offspring Obesity and Metabolic Disorders ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab037_055.

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Abstract Objectives Our studies focus on elucidation of the potential mechanisms-mediated early-life gut microbiome development linking maternal dietary genistein (GE) intervention to its obesity prevention potential later in life through regulation of host metabolome and epigenome. Methods C57BL/6 (BL6) dams were provided GE diet during prenatal and postnatal periods. Weaned offspring were exposed to either control diet or a commercially available high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 wks to induce obesity. We evaluated various metabolic parameters, gut microbiome taxonomy, fecal/serum metabolomes (especially microbially-produced metabolites) and epigenetic changes in key glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in adipose tissues during different developmental stages in BL6 offspring. Results Our studies found that maternal dietary GE a safe level significantly reduced the risk of HFD-induced body fat accumulation and glucose intolerance in mouse offspring. We also found that maternal GE consumption significantly affected the diversity and composition of childhood gut microbiota, the fecal metabolome as well as gene expressions of key glucose/lipid metabolism-related genes in offspring mice. Conclusions Our studies suggest that maternal GE consumption may shape early-life gut microbiome and the signature of bacterial metabolite profiles in the offspring, which may in turn alter the host epigenome and health outcomes. Funding Sources NIH/NCI, NIH/NCCIH.

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Shin, Ji-Hee, Sunhee Jung, Seong-Ah Kim, Min-Sook Kang, Min-Sun Kim, Hyojee Joung, Geum-Sook Hwang et Dong-Mi Shin. « Differential Effects of Typical Korean Versus American-Style Diets on Gut Microbial Composition and Metabolic Profile in Healthy Overweight Koreans : A Randomized Crossover Trial ». Nutrients 11, n^o 10 (14 octobre 2019) : 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102450.

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The Westernized diet has been associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, whereas a Korean diet has been reported to exert beneficial effects on health in several studies. However, the effects of Western and Korean diets on the gut microbiome and host metabolome are unclear. To examine the diet-specific effects on microbiome and metabolome, we conducted a randomized crossover clinical trial of typical Korean diet (TKD), typical American diet (TAD), and recommended American diet (RAD). The trial involved a 4-week consumption of an experimental diet followed by a 2-week interval before diet crossover. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis identified 16, 10, and 14 differential bacteria genera specific to TKD, RAD, and TAD, respectively. The Firmucutes-Bacteroidetes ratio was increased by TKD. Nuclear magnetic resonance metabolome profiling revealed that TKD enriched branched chain amino acid metabolism, whereas ketone body metabolism was evident in RAD and TAD. Microbiome and metabolome responses to the experimental diets varied with individual enterotypes. These findings provide evidence that the gut microbiome and host metabolome rapidly respond to different cultural diets. The findings will inform clarification of the diet-related communication networks of the gut microbiome and host metabolome in humans.

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Scalbert, Augustin, Lorraine Brennan, Claudine Manach, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Lars O. Dragsted, John Draper, Stephen M. Rappaport, Justin JJ van der Hooft et David S. Wishart. « The food metabolome : a window over dietary exposure ». American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99, n^o 6 (23 avril 2014) : 1286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.076133.

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Li, Jun, Xiaojun Liao, Xuedong Yin, Zimeng Deng, Guangfen Hu, Weiwei Zhang, Feng Jiang et Liang Zhao. « Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolome Profiles of Capsaicin with Cognitive Benefits in APP/PS1 Mice ». Nutrients 15, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2022) : 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010118.

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Capsaicin, a natural bioactive component, has been reported to improve cognition and ameliorate the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have linked AD to alterations in gut microbiota composition and serum metabolites. In the present study, we examined the alterations in serum metabolome and gut microbiome in APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice treated with capsaicin. Capsaicin treatments resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, Faecalibaculum, Unclassified_f_Atopobiaceae, and Gordonibacter and a significant decrease in the abundance of Adlercreutzia, Peptococcaceae, Alistipes, Oscillibacter and Erysipelatoclostridium. Furthermore, the species Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) was significantly enriched in capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice (p = 0.0002). Serum metabolomic analysis showed that capsaicin-treated APP/PS1 mice had a significant higher level of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and a significantly lower level of lipid metabolism compared with vehicle-treated mice. Capsaicin altered serum metabolites, including Kynurenine (Kyn), 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HIT), 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), indoxylsulfuric acid, lysophosphatidyl cholines (LysoPCs), and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LysoPE). Significant correlations were observed between the gut bacteria and serum metabolite. With regard to the increased abundance of A. muciniphila and the ensuing rise in tryptophan metabolites, our data show that capsaicin alters both the gut microbiota and blood metabolites. By altering the gut microbiome and serum metabolome, a diet high in capsaicin may reduce the incidence and development of AD.

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Zhu, Chenglin, Kaiwei Tang, Xuan Lu, Junni Tang et Luca Laghi. « An Untargeted Metabolomics Investigation of Milk from Dairy Cows with Clinical Mastitis by 1H-NMR ». Foods 10, n^o 8 (23 juillet 2021) : 1707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081707.

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Mastitis is one of the diseases with the highest incidence in dairy cows, causing huge economic losses to the dairy industry all over the world. The aim of the study was to characterize mastitic milk metabolome through untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Taking advantage of the high reproducibility of 1H-NMR, we had the opportunity to provide quantitative information for all the metabolites identified. Fifty-four molecules were characterized, sorted mainly into the chemical groups, namely amino acids, peptides and analogues, carbohydrates and derivates, organic acids and derivates, nucleosides, nucleotides and analogues. Combined with serum metabolomic investigations, several pathways were addressed to explain the mechanisms of milk metabolome variation affected by clinical mastitis, such as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. These results provide a further understanding of milk metabolome altered by clinical mastitis, which can be used as a reference for the further milk metabolome investigations.

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Byerley, Lauri O., Karyn M. Gallivan, Courtney J. Christopher, Christopher M. Taylor, Meng Luo, Scot E. Dowd, Gregory M. Davis, Hector F. Castro, Shawn R. Campagna et Kristin S. Ondrak. « Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Variations in Self-Identified Muscle Builders Who Report Using Protein Supplements ». Nutrients 14, n^o 3 (26 janvier 2022) : 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030533.

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Muscle builders frequently consume protein supplements, but little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota. This study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of self-identified muscle builders who did or did not report consuming a protein supplement. Twenty-two participants (14 males and 8 females) consumed a protein supplement (PS), and seventeen participants (12 males and 5 females) did not (No PS). Participants provided a fecal sample and completed a 24-h food recall (ASA24). The PS group consumed significantly more protein (118 ± 12 g No PS vs. 169 ± 18 g PS, p = 0.02). Fecal metabolome and microbiome were analyzed by using untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Metabolomic analysis identified distinct metabolic profiles driven by allantoin (VIP score = 2.85, PS 2.3-fold higher), a catabolic product of uric acid. High-protein diets contain large quantities of purines, which gut microbes degrade to uric acid and then allantoin. The bacteria order Lactobacillales was higher in the PS group (22.6 ± 49 No PS vs. 136.5 ± 38.1, PS (p = 0.007)), and this bacteria family facilitates purine absorption and uric acid decomposition. Bacterial genes associated with nucleotide metabolism pathways (p < 0.001) were more highly expressed in the No PS group. Both fecal metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that the PS group’s higher protein intake impacted nitrogen metabolism, specifically altering nucleotide degradation.

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Mondul, Alison M., Steven C. Moore, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Anne M. Evans, Edward D. Karoly, Satu Männistö, Joshua N. Sampson et Demetrius Albanes. « Serum Metabolomic Response to Long-Term Supplementation withall-rac-α-Tocopheryl Acetate in a Randomized Controlled Trial ». Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2016 (2016) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6158436.

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Background. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, a randomized controlled cancer prevention trial, showed a 32% reduction in prostate cancer incidence in response to vitamin E supplementation. Two other trials were not confirmatory, however.Objective. We compared the change in serum metabolome of the ATBC Study participants randomized to receive vitamin E to those who were not by randomly selecting 50 men from each of the intervention groups (50 mg/day all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (ATA), 20 mg/dayβ-carotene, both, placebo).Methods. Metabolomic profiling was conducted on baseline and follow-up fasting serum (Metabolon, Inc.).Results. After correction for multiple comparisons, five metabolites were statistically significantly altered (βis the change in metabolite level expressed as number of standard deviations on the log scale):α-CEHC sulfate (β=1.51,p=1.45×10-38),α-CEHC glucuronide (β=1.41,p=1.02×10-31),α-tocopherol (β=0.97,p=2.22×10-13),γ-tocopherol (β=-0.90,p=1.76×10-11), andβ-tocopherol (β=-0.73,p=9.40×10-8). Glutarylcarnitine, beta-alanine, ornithine, and N6-acetyllysine were also decreased by ATA supplementation (βrange 0.40 to −0.36), but not statistically significantly.Conclusions. Comparison of the observed metabolite alterations resulting from ATA supplementation to those in other vitamin E trials of different populations, dosages, or formulations may shed light on the apparently discordant vitamin E-prostate cancer risk findings.

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Bravo Iniguez, Alejandro, Qiyu Tian, Min Du et Mei-Jun Zhu. « Alpha-Ketoglutarate Promotes Goblet Cell Differentiation and Alters Urea Cycle Metabolites in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice ». Nutrients 14, n^o 6 (9 mars 2022) : 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14061148.

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The metabolite, alpha-ketoglutarate (aKG), shows promise as an approach for ameliorating colitis, but much remains unknown about the full extent of its effects on the metabolome and mucosal barrier. To further elucidate this matter, C57BL/6 male mice received drinking water with or without 1% aKG for three weeks, then were subjected to 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction for 7 days followed by 7 days of recovery. Cecal content and intestinal tissue samples were analyzed for changes in metabolite profile and signaling pathways. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics revealed a separation between the metabolome of mice treated with or without aKG; putrescine and glycine were significantly increased; and ornithine and amide products, oleamide and urea were significantly decreased. Based on a pathway analysis, aKG treatment induced metabolite changes and enriched glutathione metabolism and the urea cycle. Additionally, signaling pathways committing epithelial cells to the secretory lineage were elevated in aKG-treated mice. Consistently, aKG supplementation increased goblet cells staining, mRNA expression of mucin 2, and, trefoil factor 3 and Krüppel-like factor 4, markers of goblet cell differentiation. These data suggest the ameliorating the effects of aKG against chemically induced colitis involves a reduction in harmful metabolites and the promotion of goblet cell differentiation, resulting in a more-fortified mucus layer.

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Juárez-Fernández, María, Sara Román-Sagüillo, David Porras, María Victoria García-Mediavilla, Pedro Linares, María Dolores Ballesteros-Pomar, Ana Urioste-Fondo et al. « Long-Term Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Gut Microbiota Composition and Faecal Metabolome Related to Obesity Remission ». Nutrients 13, n^o 8 (23 juillet 2021) : 2519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082519.

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Obesity is one of the main worldwide public health concerns whose clinical management demands new therapeutic approaches. Bariatric surgery is the most efficient treatment when other therapies have previously failed. Due to the role of gut microbiota in obesity development, the knowledge of the link between bariatric surgery and gut microbiota could elucidate new mechanistic approaches. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of bariatric surgery in the faecal metagenome and metabolome of patients with severe obesity. Faecal and blood samples were collected before and four years after the intervention from patients with severe obesity. Biochemical, metagenomic and metabolomic analyses were performed and faecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. Bariatric surgery improved the obesity-related status of patients and significantly reshaped gut microbiota composition. Moreover, this procedure was associated with a specific metabolome profile characterized by a reduction in energetic and amino acid metabolism. Acetate, butyrate and propionate showed a significant reduction with bariatric surgery. Finally, correlation analysis suggested the existence of a long-term compositional and functional gut microbiota profile associated with the intervention. In conclusion, bariatric surgery triggered long-lasting effects on gut microbiota composition and faecal metabolome that could be associated with the remission of obesity.

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Zeng, Xiaoxuan, Dahui Liu et Luqi Huang. « Metabolome Profiling of Eight Chinese Yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) Varieties Reveals Metabolite Diversity and Variety Specific Uses ». Life 11, n^o 7 (14 juillet 2021) : 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070687.

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The Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) is an underutilized orphan tuber crop. However, in China it has been used in traditional medicine and food for centuries due to the presence of high starch, protein, fiber, and biologically active compounds. Knowledge on the metabolomic profiles of Chinese yam varieties is needed to explore the underutilized metabolites and variety specific uses. Here, the metabolome of eight Chinese yam varieties that are cultivated in different Chinese regions was profiled. A total of 431 metabolites belonging to different biochemical classes was detected. The majority of detected metabolites were classified as amino acids and derivatives. The different yam varieties offer unique uses; e.g., Hebei Ma Yam, Henan Huai Yam, and Henan Wild Yam were the most metabolically enriched and suitable as food and medicine. Yams from Hubei region had comparable nutritional profiles, which is most probably due to their geographical origin. Specifically, Henan Wild Yam had the highest concentrations of diosgenin, vitamins, and polysaccharides. Overall, this study presents a metabolome reference for D. polystachya varieties.

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Miyagi, Atsuko, Maki Kawai-Yamada, Minori Uchimiya, Noriyuki Ojima, Koichi Suzuki et Hirofumi Uchimiya. « Metabolome analysis of food-chain between plants and insects ». Metabolomics 9, n^o 6 (23 mai 2013) : 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-013-0542-9.

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Rivas-Ubach, Albert, Josep Peñuelas, José Hódar, Michal Oravec, Ljiljana Paša-Tolić, Otmar Urban et Jordi Sardans. « We Are What We Eat : A Stoichiometric and Ecometabolomic Study of Caterpillars Feeding on Two Pine Subspecies of Pinus sylvestris ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 1 (24 décembre 2018) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010059.

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Many studies have addressed several plant-insect interaction topics at nutritional, molecular, physiological, and evolutionary levels. However, it is still unknown how flexible the metabolism and the nutritional content of specialist insect herbivores feeding on different closely related plants can be. We performed elemental, stoichiometric, and metabolomics analyses on leaves of two coexisting Pinus sylvestris subspecies and on their main insect herbivore; the caterpillar of the processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Caterpillars feeding on different pine subspecies had distinct overall metabolome structure, accounting for over 10% of the total variability. Although plants and insects have very divergent metabolomes, caterpillars showed certain resemblance to their plant-host metabolome. In addition, few plant-related secondary metabolites were found accumulated in caterpillar tissues which could potentially be used for self-defense. Caterpillars feeding on N and P richer needles had lower N and P tissue concentration and higher C:N and C:P ratios, suggesting that nutrient transfer is not necessarily linear through trophic levels and other plant-metabolic factors could be interfering. This exploratory study showed that little chemical differences between plant food sources can impact the overall metabolome of specialist insect herbivores. Significant nutritional shifts in herbivore tissues could lead to larger changes of the trophic web structure.

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McCullough, Deaglan, Tanja Harrison, Lynne M. Boddy, Kevin J. Enright, Farzad Amirabdollahian, Michael A. Schmidt, Katrina Doenges et al. « The Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Manipulation on the Metabolome and Markers of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism : A Randomised Parallel Trial ». Nutrients 14, n^o 18 (7 septembre 2022) : 3691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183691.

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High carbohydrate, lower fat (HCLF) diets are recommended to reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) but low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective. The effect of LCHF on novel insulin resistance biomarkers and the metabolome has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared with a HCLF diet on CMD markers, the metabolome, and insulin resistance markers. n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to either LCHF (n = 8, <50 g CHO p/day) or HCLF diet (n = 8) for 8 weeks. At weeks 0, 4 and 8, participants provided fasted blood samples, measures of body composition, blood pressure and dietary intake. Samples were analysed for markers of cardiometabolic disease and underwent non-targeted metabolomic profiling. Both a LCHF and HCLF diet significantly (p < 0.01) improved fasting insulin, HOMA IR, rQUICKI and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.05) levels. Metabolomic profiling detected 3489 metabolites with 78 metabolites being differentially regulated, for example, an upregulation in lipid metabolites following the LCHF diet may indicate an increase in lipid transport and oxidation, improving insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, both diets may reduce type 2 diabetes risk albeit, a LCHF diet may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing lipid oxidation.

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Horvath, Angela, Julia Traub, Benard Aliwa, Benjamin Bourgeois, Tobias Madl et Vanessa Stadlbauer. « Oral Intake of L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate Is Associated with Distinct Microbiome and Metabolome Changes in Cirrhosis ». Nutrients 14, n^o 4 (10 février 2022) : 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040748.

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L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) is administered as a therapeutic and/or preventive strategy against hepatic encephalopathy either intravenously or orally in patients with liver cirrhosis. Here, we analyzed how LOLA influences the microbiome and metabolome of patients with liver cirrhosis. We retrospectively analyzed the stool microbiome, stool, urine and serum metabolome as well as markers for gut permeability, inflammation and muscle metabolism of 15 cirrhosis patients treated orally with LOLA for at least one month and 15 propensity-score-matched cirrhosis patients without LOLA. Results were validated by comparing the LOLA-treated patients to a second set of controls. Patients with and without LOLA were comparable in age, sex, etiology and severity of cirrhosis as well as PPI and laxative use. In the microbiome, Flavonifractor and Oscillospira were more abundant in patients treated with LOLA compared to the control group, while alpha and beta diversity were comparable between groups. Differences in stool and serum metabolomes reflected the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy and confirmed LOLA intake. In the urine metabolome, ethanol to acetic acid ratio was lower in patients treated with LOLA compared to controls. LOLA-treated patients also showed lower serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 than patients without LOLA. No differences in gut permeability or inflammation markers were found. A higher abundance of Flavonifractor and Oscillospira in LOLA-treated patients could indicate LOLA as a potential microbiome modulating strategy in patients with liver disease. The lower levels of IGF1 in patients treated with LOLA suggest a possible link between the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy and muscle health.

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Turroni, Silvia, Elisabetta Petracci, Valeria Edefonti, Anna M. Giudetti, Federica D’Amico, Lisa Paganelli, Giusto Giovannetti et al. « Effects of a Diet Based on Foods from Symbiotic Agriculture on the Gut Microbiota of Subjects at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome ». Nutrients 13, n^o 6 (17 juin 2021) : 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13062081.

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Diet is a major driver of gut microbiota variation and plays a role in metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome (MS). Mycorrhized foods from symbiotic agriculture (SA) exhibit improved nutritional properties, but potential benefits have never been investigated in humans. We conducted a pilot interventional study on 60 adults with ≥ 1 risk factors for MS, of whom 33 consumed SA-derived fresh foods and 27 received probiotics over 30 days, with a 15-day follow-up. Stool, urine and blood were collected over time to explore changes in gut microbiota, metabolome, and biochemical, inflammatory and immunologic parameters; previous dietary habits were investigated through a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The baseline microbiota showed alterations typical of metabolic disorders, mainly an increase in Coriobacteriaceae and a decrease in health-associated taxa, which were partly reversed after the SA-based diet. Improvements were observed in metabolome, MS presence (two out of six subjects no longer had MS) or components. Changes were more pronounced with less healthy baseline diets. Probiotics had a marginal, not entirely favorable, effect, although one out of three subjects no longer suffered from MS. These findings suggest that improved dietary patterns can modulate the host microbiota and metabolome, counteracting the risk of developing MS.

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Zheng, Xiaojiao, Kejun Zhou, Yunjing Zhang, Xiaolong Han, Aihua Zhao, Jiajian Liu, Chun Qu et al. « Food withdrawal alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in mice ». FASEB Journal 32, n^o 9 (5 avril 2018) : 4878–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700614r.

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Jeong, Jin Young, Minseok Kim, Kondreddy Eswar Reddy, Seul Lee, Soohyun Cho et Hyun-Jeong Lee. « PSXI-12 Comparative metabolomics of blood plasma from Hanwoo beef cattle at different ages and fed diets with different nutritional levels, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ». Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (décembre 2019) : 406–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.806.

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Abstract Blood metabolome can be used to estimate the growth, nutrition, and health status of livestock. The objective of this study is to find the differently expressed metabolome according to ages and nutritional levels in feeds to predict and control cattle performances. We used Hanwoo cattle at different ages that were fed diets with different nutritional levels. One hundred thirty two blood samples were collected from 22 Hanwoo steers at 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 months and compared their blood metabolomes by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of our comparative analysis showed clear discriminations in blood metabolomic profiles among the ages but not between nutritional levels. Based on the results of t-test, fold changes, and partial least square discriminant analysis, 19 metabolites showed high sensitivity for ages. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, betaine, carnitine, choline, citrulline, creatine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lactate, leucine, proline, pyruvate, serine, tryptophan, and valine could be directly linked to ages. In particular, three metabolic pathways, ammonia recycling; urea cycle; and glycine and serine metabolism were shown to be enriched with the ages (FDR < 0.05, P < 0.05). Thus, the differently expressed metabolites and their related metabolic pathways in the blood plasma may contribute to the biomarkers which indicate the potential for early growing and fattening of indiviual beef cattle. Our findings may allow for better understanding of the mechanism of cattle growth physiology and metabolism, which is necessary for selecting appropriate feeding strategies to improve beef quality and productivity.

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Marć, Małgorzata Anna, Rafał Jastrząb et Jennifer Mytych. « Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter ? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders ». Nutrients 14, n^o 19 (24 septembre 2022) : 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14193967.

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Herein we gathered updated knowledge regarding the alterations of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and its correlation with human neurodegenerative and brain-related diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review underlines the importance of gut-derived metabolites and gut metabolic status as the main players in gut-brain crosstalk and their implications on the severity of neural conditions. Scientific evidence indicates that the administration of probiotic bacteria exerts beneficial and protective effects as reduced systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inhibited neurodegeneration. The experimental results performed on animals, but also human clinical trials, show the importance of designing a novel microbiota-based probiotic dietary supplementation with the aim to prevent or ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases or other forms of dementia or neurodegeneration.

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Turner, Mandy, Michael Adams et Rachel Holden. « The Vitamin K Metabolome in Chronic Kidney Disease ». Nutrients 10, n^o 8 (12 août 2018) : 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081076.

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The purpose of this review is to summarize the research to date on the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the vitamin K metabolome. Vitamin K-dependent proteins contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention via the prevention of ectopic mineralization. Sub-clinical vitamin K deficiency is common in CKD patients, and evidence suggests that it may contribute to the CVD burden in this population. Research from animal models suggests that CKD alters tissue measures of the two predominant forms of vitamin K: KI and MK-4. The expression and/or activity of enzymes that regulate the recycling of vitamin K and the carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins also appear to be altered in CKD. Evidence suggests that statins, a common pharmaceutical prescribed to CKD patients to prevent cardiovascular events, may impact the metabolism of vitamin K and therefore contribute to its relative inefficiency at preventing CVD in this population as kidney disease progresses. Human research on the tissue vitamin K metabolome in CKD patients is lacking.

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Dudzik, Danuta, Isabel Iglesias Platas, Montserrat Izquierdo Renau, Carla Balcells Esponera, Beatriz del Rey Hurtado de Mendoza, Carles Lerin, Marta Ramón-Krauel et Coral Barbas. « Plasma Metabolome Alterations Associated with Extrauterine Growth Restriction ». Nutrients 12, n^o 4 (23 avril 2020) : 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041188.

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Very preterm infants (VPI, born at or before 32 weeks of gestation) are at risk of adverse health outcomes, from which they might be partially protected with appropriate postnatal nutrition and growth. Metabolic processes or biochemical markers associated to extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) have not been identified. We applied untargeted metabolomics to plasma samples of VPI with adequate weight for gestational age at birth and with different growth trajectories (29 well-grown, 22 EUGR) at the time of hospital discharge. A multivariate analysis showed significantly higher levels of amino-acids in well-grown patients. Other metabolites were also identified as statistically significant in the comparison between groups. Relevant differences (with corrections for multiple comparison) were found in levels of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and other lipids. Levels of many of the biochemical species decreased progressively as the level of growth restriction increased in severity. In conclusion, an untargeted metabolomic approach uncovered previously unknown differences in the levels of a range of plasma metabolites between well grown and EUGR infants at the time of discharge. Our findings open speculation about pathways involved in growth failure in preterm infants and the long-term relevance of this metabolic differences, as well as helping in the definition of potential biomarkers.

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Litwin, Nicole, Bryn Taylor, Franck Lejzerowicz, Marion Poirel, Justin Shaffer, Lingjing Jiang, Alexander Aksenov et al. « Consumption of Fermented Plant Foods Is Associated with Systematic Differences in the Human Gut Microbiome and Metabolome ». Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 mai 2020) : 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_030.

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Abstract Objectives Fermented foods have gained much attention due to their proposed gut health benefits from recent clinical trials. However, very few studies have explored the effects of fermented foods, especially of plant origin, on gut microbiota composition and functional capacity in large human cohorts. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess whether self-reported fermented plant food consumption is associated with compositional or functional microbiome changes in a subset of individuals in the American Gut Project (AGP) cohort. Methods Using a multi-omics approach (e.g., 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and untargeted mass spectrometry), we analyzed stool samples from 6811 healthy individuals from the AGP including 115 individuals specifically recruited for their fermented plant food consumption for a targeted four-week longitudinal study. Results We observed subtle, yet statistically significant differences between fermented plant food consumers and non-consumers in beta diversity as well as differential taxa between the two groups. We found that the metabolome of fermented plant food consumers was enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a putatively health-promoting compound. Cross-omic analyses between metagenomic sequencing and mass spectrometry suggest that CLA may be driven by taxa associated with fermented plant food consumers. Conclusions Collectively, we found modest, yet persistent signatures associated with fermented plant food consumption that appear present in multiple omic types, which motivates further investigation of how different types of fermented foods may impact the human gut microbiome and overall health. Funding Sources Danone Nutricia Research.

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King, Andy, Steven Shackelford et Tommy L. Wheeler. « 237 Using Metabolomic Approaches to Understand and Reduce Animal Variation in Meat Quality Traits ». Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (21 septembre 2022) : 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.206.

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Abstract Failure to meet consumer expectations for meat quality attributes such as color, tenderness, and flavor leads to loss of customer satisfaction and market share. Thus, much effort has been dedicated to understanding the biological variation in these traits. However, traditional approaches explained only a limited amount of biological variation. Investigations of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of meat animals has greatly increased the understanding of biochemical processes affecting meat quality attributes. Gene expression in response to environmental factors results in protein production. These proteins, which vary in functionality, are involved in cellular processes which produce metabolites. Thus, the proteome comprises the machinery of cellular functions and provides a great deal of information about genomic expression resulting in the phenotype. However, quantifying the metabolome provides additional information about the functionality of the machinery, and thus, even greater information about the phenotype. Untargeted metabolomic investigations have suggested novel mechanisms influencing meat tenderness, lean color stability, and flavor. Future work with targeted metabolomic approaches should focus on validating these mechanisms and studying these mechanisms under variable production systems. Moreover, future work should integrate metabolomic data with genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data to fully understand the biological basis of meat quality phenotypes.

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Klimacek, Mario, Stefan Krahulec, Uwe Sauer et Bernd Nidetzky. « Limitations in Xylose-Fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Made Evident through Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling and Thermodynamic Analysis ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n^o 22 (1 octobre 2010) : 7566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01787-10.

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ABSTRACT Little is known about how the general lack of efficiency with which recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains utilize xylose affects the yeast metabolome. Quantitative metabolomics was therefore performed for two xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strains, BP000 and BP10001, both engineered to produce xylose reductase (XR), NAD+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase and xylulose kinase, and the corresponding wild-type strain CEN.PK 113-7D, which is not able to metabolize xylose. Contrary to BP000 expressing an NADPH-preferring XR, BP10001 expresses an NADH-preferring XR. An updated protocol of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry that was validated by applying internal 13C-labeled metabolite standards was used to quantitatively determine intracellular pools of metabolites from the central carbon, energy, and redox metabolism and of eight amino acids. Metabolomic responses to different substrates, glucose (growth) or xylose (no growth), were analyzed for each strain. In BP000 and BP10001, flux through glycolysis was similarly reduced (∼27-fold) when xylose instead of glucose was metabolized. As a consequence, (i) most glycolytic metabolites were dramatically (≤120-fold) diluted and (ii) energy and anabolic reduction charges were affected due to decreased ATP/AMP ratios (3- to 4-fold) and reduced NADP+ levels (∼3-fold), respectively. Contrary to that in BP000, the catabolic reduction charge was not altered in BP10001. This was due mainly to different utilization of NADH by XRs in BP000 (44%) and BP10001 (97%). Thermodynamic analysis complemented by enzyme kinetic considerations suggested that activities of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes and the pool of fructose-6-phosphate are potential factors limiting xylose utilization. Coenzyme and ATP pools did not rate limit flux through xylose pathway enzymes.

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Nolan, Lila S., Angela N. Lewis, Qingqing Gong, James J. Sollome, Olivia N. DeWitt, Robert D. Williams et Misty Good. « Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Human Milk from Mothers of Preterm Infants ». Nutrients 13, n^o 10 (14 octobre 2021) : 3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103604.

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The application of metabolomics in neonatology offers an approach to investigate the complex relationship between nutrition and infant health. Characterization of the metabolome of human milk enables an investigation into nutrients that affect the neonatal metabolism and identification of dietary interventions for infants at risk of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this study, we aimed to identify differences in the metabolome of breast milk of 48 mothers with preterm infants with NEC and non-NEC healthy controls. A minimum significant difference was observed in the human milk metabolome between the mothers of infants with NEC and mothers of healthy control infants. However, significant differences in the metabolome related to fatty acid metabolism, oligosaccharides, amino sugars, amino acids, vitamins and oxidative stress-related metabolites were observed when comparing milk from mothers with control infants of ≤1.0 kg birth weight and >1.5 kg birth weight. Understanding the functional biological features of mothers’ milk that may modulate infant health is important in the future of tailored nutrition and care of the preterm newborn.

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Taiwo, Godstime A., Modoluwamu Idowu, Mata Padrino Domingo Jose, James Denvir et Ibukun M. Ogunade. « PSIX-16 Urine Metabolome and Whole Blood Transcriptome of Beef Steers with low or High Residual Feed Intake ». Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (21 septembre 2022) : 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.680.

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Abstract We analyzed the metabolome of urine samples to identify urinary metabolic biomarkers and whole blood transcriptome-based gene set enrichment to identify key pathways associated with divergent selection for low or high RFI in beef cattle. Low-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = - 1.93 kg/d) and high-RFI beef steers (n = 8; RFI = + 2.01kg/d) were selected from a group of 56 growing crossbred beef steers after a 49-d performance testing period. At the end of the 49-d period, weekly urine and blood samples were collected three times from the low- and high-RFI steers. Metabolome analysis of the urine samples was conducted using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometer and biomarker analysis of the metabolome data was performed to identify candidate biomarkers (FDR ≤ 0.05; AUC ≥ 0.85) associated with RFI. Whole-blood RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina sequencer and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyze differentially expressed (FDR ≤ 0.05) pathways. A total number of 557 metabolites were detected and identified. Biomarker analysis of the metabolome data identified N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, O-methyl-L-threonine, uridine, and threoninyl-hydroxyproline as candidate biomarkers (FDR ≤ 0.05; AUC > 0.85) of RFI. Results of GSEA revealed pathways associated with protein metabolism, cellular responses to external stimuli, and stress were differentially inhibited in high-RFI compared with low-RFI beef cattle, while pathways associated with binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors and erythrocytes release/take up oxygen were differentially enriched (FDR < 0.05) in high-RFI beef steers. Taken together, our results revealed that urine is a potential source of metabolite biomarkers associated with RFI and beef steers divergently selected for low or high RFI have differential expressions of genes related to protein metabolism and stress responsiveness. high RFI revealed differential expressions of genes related to protein metabolism and stress responsiveness.

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Netrebenko, O. K., P. V. Shumilov et S. G. Gribakin. « Breast milk as a “programming” factor of child’s health : a study of metabolome, microbiome, and their relationship ». Voprosy detskoj dietologii 19, n^o 4 (2021) : 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2021-4-40-45.

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Breast milk is the optimal food product for newborns and infants in the first few months of life. Current advances in nutritional science and new technologies in the field of nutrition give us opportunity to study the features of human breast milk and its advantages over infant formulas. Research studies on human breast milk metabolome (small molecules with the molecular weight <1500 Da) are based on the results of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Using these methods, small molecules such as acylcarnitines, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids can be isolated. Due to modern research, it has been possible to establish that human breast milk metabolome is directly related to the health status of pregnant woman. Overweight, obesity and gestational diabetes are the leading factors affecting the metabolome. Key words: breast milk, pregnancy, overweight, obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolome

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Gaitán, Adriana, JodiAnne Wood, Fan Zhang, Alexandros Makriyannis et Carol Lammi-Keefe. « Endocannabinoid Metabolome Characterization of Transitional and Mature Human Milk ». Nutrients 10, n^o 9 (12 septembre 2018) : 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10091294.

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Recognized as the gold standard, human milk (HM) is an extremely complex yet fascinating biofluid tailored to meet an infant’s nutritional requirements throughout development. Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like compounds (endocannabinoid metabolome, ECM) are endogenous lipid mediators derived from long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that have been identified in HM. Previous research has shown that arachidonoylglycerol might play a role in establishing the infant’s suckling response during lactation by activating the type 1 cannabinoid receptor in the infant’s brain. The mechanisms of action and the role of the ECM in HM are not fully understood. Transitional and mature milk samples were collected from lactating women (n = 24) for ECM characterization, quantification, and to evaluate differences among the two stages. HM samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Identified members of the ECM were: arachidonoylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamine, docosahexaenoylethanolamine, eicoapentaenoylethanolamine, eicosenoylethanolamine, arachidonoylglycerol, palmitoyglycerol, oleoylglycerol, docosahexaenoylglycerol, eicosapentaenoylglycerol, eiconenooylglycerol, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. Only docosahexaenoylglycerol was different across transitional and mature milk (p ≤ 0.05). Data from this cohort suggest that bioactive constituents in HM may also play a role in infant health and development. Future studies can be developed based on this study’s data to help elucidate specific roles for each ECM member in addition to understanding how the ECM modulates infant health.

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Dan, Zhiwu, Yunping Chen, Weibo Zhao, Qiong Wang et Wenchao Huang. « Metabolome-based prediction of yield heterosis contributes to the breeding of elite rice ». Life Science Alliance 3, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2019) : e201900551. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900551.

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Improvement of the breeding efficiencies of heterotic crops adaptive to different conditions can mitigate the food shortage crisis due to overpopulation and climate change. To date, diverse molecular markers have been used to guide field phenotypic selection, whereas accurate predictions of complex heterotic traits are rarely reported. Here, we present a practical metabolome-based strategy for predicting yield heterosis in rice. The dissection of population structure based on untargeted metabolite profiles as the initial critical step in multivariate modeling performed better than the screening of predictive variables. Then the assessment of each predictive variable’s contribution to predictive models according to all latent factors was more precise than the conventional first one. Metabolites belonging to specific pathways were closely associated with yield heterosis, and the up-regulation of galactose metabolism promoted robust yield heterosis in hybrids under different growth conditions. Our study demonstrates that metabolome-based predictive models with correctly dissected population structure and screened predictive variables can facilitate accurate predictions of yield heterosis and have great potential for establishing molecular marker–based precision breeding programs.

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Short, Sarah L., et Luke A. Wall. « Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome Differ in Healthy and Food-Allergic Twins ». Pediatrics 148, Supplement 3 (1 décembre 2021) : S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053843ee.

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Chiu, Chih-Yung, Mei-Ling Cheng, Meng-Han Chiang, Chia-Jung Wang, Ming-Han Tsai et Gigin Lin. « Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Profiles in the Plasma and Urine Associated with IgE Reactions in Childhood Asthma ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n^o 3 (24 mars 2020) : 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030887.

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Several metabolomics studies have identified altered metabolic pathways that are related to asthma. However, an integrative analysis of the metabolic responses across blood and urine for a comprehensive framework of asthma in early childhood remains lacking. Fifty-four age-matched children with asthma (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 26) were enrolled. Metabolome analysis of the plasma and urine samples was performed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Integrated analysis of blood and urine metabolic profiling related to IgE reactions for childhood asthma was investigated. A significantly higher plasma histidine level was found, in parallel with lower urinary 1-methylnicotinamide and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, in children with asthma compared to healthy controls. Compared to children without allergic sensitization, 11 (92%) plasma metabolites and 8 (80%) urinary metabolites were found to be significantly different in children with IgE and food sensitization respectively. There were significant correlations between the plasma 3-hydroxybutyric acid and excreted volumes of the hydroxy acids, which were strongly correlated to plasma leucine and valine levels. Urine N-phenylacetylglycine, a microbial-host co-metabolite, was strongly correlated with total serum and food allergen-specific IgE levels. Plasma pyruvate and urine valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation metabolisms were significantly associated with allergic sensitization for childhood asthma. In conclusion, blood and urine metabolome reflect different metabolic pathways in allergic reactions. Plasma pyruvate metabolism to acetic acid appears to be associated with serum IgE production, whereas urine branched-chain amino acid metabolism primarily reflects food allergic reactions against allergies.

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Thompson, Sharon, Ziyang Pan, Caitlyn Edwards, Ginger Reeser, Naiman Khan et Hannah Holscher. « The Impact of Fresh Hass Avocado on the Fecal Metabolome Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity : A Randomized, Controlled Trial ». Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (29 mai 2020) : 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_050.

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Abstract Objectives Avocados are nutrient-rich fruits that have been recently linked to beneficial alterations to the gastrointestinal microbiota. However, previous research on shifts in the fecal metabolome with avocado intake has largely been conducted in in vitro or preclinical models and little is known about their metabolomic impact in human subjects. Methods Adult participants (n = 109) 25–45 years of age with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 were enrolled in an investigator-blinded, parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial. Participants consumed isocaloric meals with or without fresh Hass avocado once daily for 12-weeks and reported ≥ 80% meal consumption over the intervention period. Untargeted fecal metabolites were quantified in a subsample of participants (n = 48) using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy and were normalized by sample weight. Kruskal-Wallis tests and false discovery rate type I error correction were conducted and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to predict treatment group by fecal metabolite concentrations (RStudio, version 3.6.2). Results A total of 292 metabolites were identified at intervention follow-up. Of these, three metabolites differed significantly between treatment groups. Fecal concentrations of lanosterol (P = 0.0004, q = 0.04) and the fatty alcohols hexadecanol (P = 0.001, q = 0.04) and octadecanol (P = 0.001, q = 0.04), were greater in the group consuming avocado as compared to control. Seventeen additional metabolites, including nine fecal lipids, two fat soluble vitamin derivatives, and three monosaccharides/disaccharides differed at P < 0.05 but did not meet the q < 0.05 threshold. Treatment group assignment was predicted correctly in 70% of cases (R2 = 72%, Q2 = 33%) using the trained OPLS-DA model. Conclusions Fresh Hass avocado intake increased fecal lipid and sterol concentrations among healthy adults with overweight and obesity, demonstrating diet-related modifications to the fecal metabolome. Funding Sources Support for this research was provided by the Hass Avocado Board, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project 1009249, and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture AFRI Predoctoral Fellowship, project 2018–07785.

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Sakurai, Nozomu, Takeshi Ara, Mitsuo Enomoto, Takeshi Motegi, Yoshihiko Morishita, Atsushi Kurabayashi, Yoko Iijima et al. « Tools and Databases of the KOMICS Web Portal for Preprocessing, Mining, and Dissemination of Metabolomics Data ». BioMed Research International 2014 (2014) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/194812.

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A metabolome—the collection of comprehensive quantitative data on metabolites in an organism—has been increasingly utilized for applications such as data-intensive systems biology, disease diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and assessment of food quality. A considerable number of tools and databases have been developed to date for the analysis of data generated by various combinations of chromatography and mass spectrometry. We report here a web portal named KOMICS (The Kazusa Metabolomics Portal), where the tools and databases that we developed are available for free to academic users. KOMICS includes the tools and databases for preprocessing, mining, visualization, and publication of metabolomics data. Improvements in the annotation of unknown metabolites and dissemination of comprehensive metabolomic data are the primary aims behind the development of this portal. For this purpose, PowerGet and FragmentAlign include a manual curation function for the results of metabolite feature alignments. A metadata-specific wiki-based database, Metabolonote, functions as a hub of web resources related to the submitters' work. This feature is expected to increase citation of the submitters' work, thereby promoting data publication. As an example of the practical use of KOMICS, a workflow for a study onJatropha curcasis presented. The tools and databases available at KOMICS should contribute to enhanced production, interpretation, and utilization of metabolomic Big Data.

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Xiao, Yao, Kailin Li, Haiyan Zhang, Yunlong Li, Lin Han, Hang Liu et Min Wang. « The profile of buckwheat tannins based on widely targeted metabolome analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A ». LWT 156 (février 2022) : 113069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113069.

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Dahlan, Hadi Akbar, Yosuke Nambu, Sastia Prama Putri et Eiichiro Fukusaki. « Effects of Soaking Tempe in Vinegar on Metabolome and Sensory Profiles ». Metabolites 12, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2022) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010030.

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Tempe is a fermented soybean food that is globally renowned for its high protein content. Methods of preparing tempe vary worldwide, and include soaking in vinegar before fermentation. This study aimed to determine the effects of soaking in vinegar by metabolome analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and sensory attribute evaluation. Vinegar affected metabolism during tempe fermentation, which led to altered metabolite profiles in the final product. We validated the metabolite profiles of two types of tempe using triangle tests and rate-all-that-apply (RATA) tests, which revealed that the sensory attributes of a golden-brown color, ammonia smell, pleasant smell, salty flavor, and acceptance significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two types of tempe. A high concentration of specific amino acids in the control tempe explained a strong ammonia smell, saltiness, and darker golden-brown sensory attributes. Tempe soaked in vinegar contained high concentrations of metabolites associated with a roasted aroma and cooked meat. In conclusion, most RATA panelists who were being introduced to tempe preferred that soaked in vinegar to the control that was not.

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Shinn, Leila, Aditya Manasharamani, Yutong Li, Ruoqing Zhu, Janet Novotny, David Baer et Hannah Holscher. « The Impact of Almond and Walnut Consumption on the Human Fecal Metabolome ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab054_035.

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Abstract Objectives Metabolomic studies can be utilized to generate biomarkers of food intake. Undigested food components affect the fecal microbiota and metabolome. Accordingly, we aimed to identify fecal metabolites unique to almond and walnut consumption. Methods Untargeted metabolomic analyses were completed on 66 endpoint fecal samples from two separate 3-week randomized, controlled-feeding, crossover studies examining almond (n = 30) and walnut (n = 36) consumption in adults (25–75 yr). Control diets, representative of the typical American diet, were fed at weight maintenance with 0 g/day of nuts. During the treatment arms, the base diet was scaled down to allow isocaloric inclusion of 42 g/day of almonds or walnuts. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to determine statistically significant metabolites between treatment and control groups with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate adjustments (reported as q-values). Results Of the 318 quantifiable fecal metabolites, 42 were significantly different when comparing the treatment groups to their respective controls after adjustment (q < 0.05). Of these 42 metabolites, 9 were significantly different in both the almond and walnut treatment samples. Two metabolites, palmitoleic acid and p-cresol, were unique to almonds—the relative concentration of palmitoleic acid was higher in the almond group compared to control and p-cresol was lower in almond compared to control. Walnut treatment samples contained 31 unique metabolites, including 15 fatty acyls, the majority of which were higher in the walnut group compared to control. Conclusions Higher concentrations of fecal fatty acyls in the almond and walnut groups compared to their respective controls support previous findings that the plant cell walls of nuts reduce digestibility, therefore, limiting accessibility of intact lipids. Overall, these results reveal promise in identifying fecal biomarkers of food intake for eventual use in personalized dietary recommendations. Ongoing analyses include utilizing machine learning models to further biomarker panel development through incorporation of baseline data and metagenomic analyses. Funding Sources This research was funded by the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research and the National Center for Supercomputing Applications Faculty Fellowship.

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Belda, Ignacio, Carolina Cueva, Alba Tamargo, Charles N. Ravarani, Alberto Acedo, Begoña Bartolomé et M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas. « A multi-omics approach for understanding the effects of moderate wine consumption on human intestinal health ». Food & ; Function 12, n^o 9 (2021) : 4152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02938f.

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Dawid, Corinna, et Karina Hille. « Functional Metabolomics—A Useful Tool to Characterize Stress-Induced Metabolome Alterations Opening New Avenues towards Tailoring Food Crop Quality ». Agronomy 8, n^o 8 (3 août 2018) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8080138.

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The breeding of stress-tolerant cultivated plants that would allow for a reduction in harvest losses and undesirable decrease in quality attributes requires a new quality of knowledge on molecular markers associated with relevant agronomic traits, on quantitative metabolic responses of plants to stress challenges, and on the mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of these molecules. By combining metabolomics with genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics datasets a more comprehensive knowledge of the composition of crop plants used for food or animal feed is possible. In order to optimize crop trait developments, to enhance crop yields and quality, as well as to guarantee nutritional and health factors that provide the possibility to create functional food or feedstuffs, knowledge about the plants’ metabolome is crucial. Next to classical metabolomics studies, this review focuses on several metabolomics-based working techniques, such as sensomics, lipidomics, hormonomics and phytometabolomics, which were used to characterize metabolome alterations during abiotic and biotic stress in order to find resistant food crops with a preferred quality or at least to produce functional food crops.

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Muñoz-Redondo, José Manuel, Belén Puertas, Gema Pereira-Caro, José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz, María José Ruiz-Moreno, Emma Cantos-Villar et José Manuel Moreno-Rojas. « A Statistical Workflow to Evaluate the Modulation of Wine Metabolome and Its Contribution to the Sensory Attributes ». Fermentation 7, n^o 2 (5 mai 2021) : 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7020072.

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A data-processing and statistical analysis workflow was proposed to evaluate the metabolic changes and its contribution to the sensory characteristics of different wines. This workflow was applied to rosé wines from different fermentation strategies. The metabolome was acquired by means of two high-throughput techniques: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for volatile and non-volatile metabolites, respectively, in an untargeted approach, while the sensory evaluation of the wines was performed by a trained panel. Wine volatile and non-volatile metabolites modulation was independently evaluated by means of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), obtaining potential markers of the fermentation strategies. Then, the complete metabolome was integrated by means of sparse generalised canonical correlation analysis discriminant analysis (sGCC-DA). This integrative approach revealed a high link between the volatile and non-volatile data, and additional potential metabolite markers of the fermentation strategies were found. Subsequently, the evaluation of the contribution of metabolome to the sensory characteristics of wines was carried out. First, the all-relevant metabolites affected by the different fermentation processes were selected using PLS-DA and random forest (RF). Each set of volatile and non-volatile metabolites selected was then related to the sensory attributes of the wines by means of partial least squares regression (PLSR). Finally, the relationships among the three datasets were complementary evaluated using regularised generalised canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA), revealing new correlations among metabolites and sensory data.

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Gonzales, Gerard Bryan, Natasha Lelijveld, Celine Bourdon, Emmanuel Chimwezi, Moffat J. Nyirenda, Jonathan C. Wells, Marko Kerac et Robert H. J. Bandsma. « Childhood Malnutrition and Association of Lean Mass with Metabolome and Hormone Profile in Later Life ». Nutrients 12, n^o 11 (23 novembre 2020) : 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113593.

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This study aimed to determine the associations of targeted metabolomics and hormone profiles data with lean mass index (LMI), which were estimated using bioelectrical impedance, in survivors of child severe malnutrition (SM) (n = 69) and controls (n = 77) in Malawi 7 years after being treated. Linear associations between individual metabolite or hormone and LMI were determined, including their interaction with nutrition status 7 years prior. Path analysis was performed to determine structural associations. Lastly, predictive models for LMI were developed using the metabolome and hormone profile by elastic net regularized regression (EN). Metabolites including several lipids, amino acids, and hormones were individually associated (p < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction) with LMI. However, plasma FGF21 (Control: β = −0.02, p = 0.59; Case: β = −0.14, p < 0.001) and tryptophan (Control: β = 0.15, p = 0.26; Case: β = 0.70, p < 0.001) were associated with LMI among cases but not among controls (both interaction p-values < 0.01). Moreover, path analysis revealed that tryptophan mediates the association between child SM and LMI. EN revealed that most predictors of LMI differed between groups, further indicating altered metabolic mechanisms driving lean mass accretion among SM survivors later in life.

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