Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Food metabolome »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
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Zhu, Guangsu, Min Guo, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Gang Wang et Wei Chen. « Integrative Metabolomic Characterization Reveals the Mediating Effect of Bifidobacterium breve on Amino Acid Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease ». Nutrients 14, no 4 (9 février 2022) : 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040735.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly accompanied by global alterations in metabolic profiles, resulting in cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation in the brain. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we performed integrative untargeted metabolomic analysis of metabolite alterations in the serum and hippocampal tissues of amyloid-β (Aβ)-injected AD model mice and sham controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that a Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 intervention significantly restored the differential metabolites induced by Aβ-injection, resulting in B. breve CCFM1025 serum and hippocampal metabolomes clustering between control and model mice. Furthermore, pathway and metabolite set enrichment analysis found that these altered metabolites were predominantly linked to amino acid metabolism. Overall, the integrative metabolome analysis indicated that B. breve CCFM1025 supplementation could modulate serum and hippocampal metabolomes in the early stage of AD, with amino acids as a potential driver.
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Ephraim, Eden, et Dennis E. Jewell. « Effect of Added Dietary Betaine and Soluble Fiber on Metabolites and Fecal Microbiome in Dogs with Early Renal Disease ». Metabolites 10, no 9 (15 septembre 2020) : 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090370.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Renal diets are recommended for dogs with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study examined the effects of foods with added betaine and fiber on the plasma and fecal metabolome and fecal microbiome in dogs with early stage CKD. At baseline, several metabolites differed between healthy dogs and those with CKD. Dogs with CKD (n = 28) received a control food, low soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.39% oat beta-glucan, and 0.27% short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)), or high soluble fiber plus betaine food (0.5% betaine, 0.59% oat beta-glucan, and 0.41% scFOS) each for 10 weeks in different sequences. Consumption of test foods led to several favorable, significant changes in the plasma metabolome, including decreases of several uremic toxins and other deleterious metabolites, and increases in favorable metabolites compared with the control food. Only 7 fecal metabolites significantly changed with consumption of the test foods compared with the control food, largely increases in polyphenols and lignans. Few changes were seen in the fecal microbiome, though some taxa that significantly changed in response to the test foods have beneficial effects on health, with some negatively correlating with uremic toxins. Overall, foods with added betaine and soluble fiber showed positive effects on the plasma and fecal metabolomes.
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SAKURAI, Nozomu. « Food Metabolome Repository : a New Database for Identification of Unknown Compounds in Food Metabolome Analyses ». Oleoscience 19, no 2 (2019) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.19.59.
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Szczerbinski, Lukasz, Gladys Wojciechowska, Adam Olichwier, Mark A. Taylor, Urszula Puchta, Paulina Konopka, Adam Paszko et al. « Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of the Serum Metabolic Signature of Childhood Obesity ». Nutrients 14, no 1 (4 janvier 2022) : 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14010214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Obesity rates among children are growing rapidly worldwide, placing massive pressure on healthcare systems. Untargeted metabolomics can expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and elucidate mechanisms related to its symptoms. However, the metabolic signatures of obesity in children have not been thoroughly investigated. Herein, we explored metabolites associated with obesity development in childhood. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on fasting serum samples from 27 obese Caucasian children and adolescents and 15 sex- and age-matched normal-weight children. Three metabolomic assays were combined and yielded 726 unique identified metabolites: gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HILIC LC–MS/MS), and lipidomics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed clear discrimination between the untargeted metabolomes of obese and normal-weight children, with 162 significantly differentially expressed metabolites between groups. Children with obesity had higher concentrations of branch-chained amino acids and various lipid metabolites, including phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides. Thus, an early manifestation of obesity pathogenesis and its metabolic consequences in the serum metabolome are correlated with altered lipid metabolism. Obesity metabolite patterns in the adult population were very similar to the metabolic signature of childhood obesity. Identified metabolites could be potential biomarkers and used to study obesity pathomechanisms.
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Ghini, Veronica, Leonardo Tenori, Francesco Capozzi, Claudio Luchinat, Achim Bub, Corinne Malpuech-Brugere, Caroline Orfila, Luigi Ricciardiello et Alessandra Bordoni. « DHA-Induced Perturbation of Human Serum Metabolome. Role of the Food Matrix and Co-Administration of Oat β-glucan and Anthocyanins ». Nutrients 12, no 1 (27 décembre 2019) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010086.
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been reported to have a positive impact on many diet-related disease risks, including metabolic syndrome. Although many DHA-enriched foods have been marketed, the impact of different food matrices on the effect of DHA is unknown. As well, the possibility to enhance DHA effectiveness through the co-administration of other bioactives has seldom been considered. We evaluated DHA effects on the serum metabolome administered to volunteers at risk of metabolic syndrome as an ingredient of three different foods. Foods were enriched with DHA alone or in combination with oat beta-glucan or anthocyanins and were administered to volunteers for 4 weeks. Serum samples collected at the beginning and end of the trial were analysed by NMR-based metabolomics. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were used to characterize modifications in the serum metabolome and to evaluate bioactive-bioactive and bioactive-food matrix interactions. DHA administration induces metabolome perturbation that is influenced by the food matrix and the co-presence of other bioactives. In particular, when co-administered with oat beta-glucan, DHA induces a strong rearrangement in the lipoprotein profile of the subjects. The observed modifications are consistent with clinical results and indicate that metabolomics represents a possible strategy to choose the most appropriate food matrices for bioactive enrichment.
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Kay, Colin, Alex Smirnov, Jessica Everhart, Ciara Conway, Harry Schulz, Zhaocong Yang, Jing Yang et Xiuxia Du. « The Metabolome of Food Knowledge Database : Development of a Nutrition Database to Support Precision Nutrition ». Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (juin 2022) : 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac078.008.
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Abstract Objectives To develop a precision nutrition knowledge database, with the aim to provide individualized and actionable dietary recommendations to help prevent disease. However presently, dietary phytochemicals are poorly represented in current metabolomic databases. To address this gap, we are building a cloud-based knowledge database (KDB) named “The Metabolome of Food” (MetaboFood®) which focuses on phytochemical compositional, metabolite and pathway data. Methods MetaboFood® features P-MetDB®, a database in static tabular form, of nutritionally relevant phytochemicals and their metabolites derived from systematic literature reviews of 17 commonly consumed phytochemical-rich foods, matched to InChI key, physical and chemical properties (mass, formula) and database identifiers (i.e., PubChem ID, KEGG ID, SMILES etc.). To build MetaboFood®, information about metabolic pathways and diseases associated with these foods have been extracted from various pathway databases using APIs that these databases provide. Information can be searched in MetaboFood® and results are explored in a highly visual and interactive way, in the form of self-organizing maps, node-link diagrams, Sankey diagrams and other visual analytics techniques. Results MetaboFood® captures data on foods, their phytochemical compositions, human and microbial metabolites, and pathway and diseases linkages. Information in MetaboFood® facilitates both hypothesis generation and hypothesis testing relative to food and pathway analysis. Initial use of this database identifies significant interactions between polyphenol rich foods and numerous metabolic networks. Conclusions MetaboFood® builds on traditional food composition databases by integrating biochemical and disease pathway data with diet metabolites. A key to moving forward is building data richness, enabling greater connections between diet and health. Funding Sources Research reported in this abstract was supported by a NIEHS Human Health Exposure Analysis Resource (HHEAR) program grant under award number 1U2CES030857-01 and a NIH Nutrition for Precision Health (NPH) Metabolomics and Clinical Assay Center (MCAC) grant under the award number 1U24CA268153-01. CDK was also supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch award (Kay-Colin; 1,011,757).
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Brown, Dustin G., Erica C. Borresen, Regina J. Brown et Elizabeth P. Ryan. « Heat-stabilised rice bran consumption by colorectal cancer survivors modulates stool metabolite profiles and metabolic networks : a randomised controlled trial ». British Journal of Nutrition 117, no 9 (14 mai 2017) : 1244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517001106.
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AbstractRice bran (RB) consumption has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in mice and modify the human stool microbiome. Changes in host and microbial metabolism induced by RB consumption was hypothesised to modulate the stool metabolite profile in favour of promoting gut health and inhibiting CRC growth. The objective was to integrate gut microbial metabolite profiles and identify metabolic pathway networks for CRC chemoprevention using non-targeted metabolomics. In all, nineteen CRC survivors participated in a parallel randomised controlled dietary intervention trial that included daily consumption of study-provided foods with heat-stabilised RB (30 g/d) or no additional ingredient (control). Stool samples were collected at baseline and 4 weeks and analysed using GC-MS and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS. Stool metabolomics revealed 93 significantly different metabolites in individuals consuming RB. A 264-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine and 18-fold increase inβ-hydroxyisovalerate exemplified changes in leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism in the RB group. A total of thirty-nine stool metabolites were significantly different between RB and control groups, including increased hesperidin (28-fold) and narirutin (14-fold). Metabolic pathways impacted in the RB group over time included advanced glycation end products, steroids and bile acids. Fatty acid, leucine/valine and vitamin B6metabolic pathways were increased in RB compared with control. There were 453 metabolites identified in the RB food metabolome, thirty-nine of which were identified in stool from RB consumers. RB consumption favourably modulated the stool metabolome of CRC survivors and these findings suggest the need for continued dietary CRC chemoprevention efforts.
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Martín-Masot, Rafael, Jose Daniel Galo-Licona, Natàlia Mota-Martorell, Joaquim Sol, Mariona Jové, José Maldonado, Reinald Pamplona et Teresa Nestares. « Up-Regulation of Specific Bioactive Lipids in Celiac Disease ». Nutrients 13, no 7 (30 juin 2021) : 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072271.
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Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy linked to alterations of metabolism. Currently, limited untargeted metabolomic studies evaluating differences in the plasma metabolome of CD subjects have been documented. We engage in a metabolomic study that analyzes plasma metabolome in 17 children with CD treated with a gluten-free diet and 17 healthy control siblings in order to recognize potential changes in metabolic networks. Our data demonstrates the persistence of metabolic defects in CD subjects in spite of the dietary treatment, affecting a minor but significant fraction (around 4%, 209 out of 4893 molecular features) of the analyzed plasma metabolome. The affected molecular species are mainly, but not exclusively, lipid species with a particular affectation of steroids and derivatives (indicating an adrenal gland affectation), glycerophospholipids (to highlight phosphatidic acid), glycerolipids (with a special affectation of diacylglycerols), and fatty acyls (eicosanoids). Our findings are suggestive of an activation of the diacylglycerol-phosphatidic acid signaling pathway in CD that may potentially have detrimental effects via activation of several targets including protein kinases such as mTOR, which could be the basis of the morbidity and mortality connected with untreated CD. However, more studies are necessary to validate this idea regarding CD.
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Bagheri, Minoo, Jonathan D. Mosley et Jane F. Ferguson. « Diet Quality, Gut Microbiome and Metabolism ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab054_003.
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Abstract Objectives Dietary pattern is associated with circulatory and gut metabolome variation. However, it is unclear if this association is mediated by gut microbiome composition. We investigated whether the interaction between diet quality and gut microbiome influenced circulatory and gut metabolites. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 75 healthy adults in the ABO Study. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Metabolome profiling (800 circulatory and 767 gut metabolites) was performed at Metabolon Inc. Two gut microbiome Enterotypes (1 and 2) were identified using the Partitioning Around Medoids method. Metabolite set enrichment analysis was performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to test for an interaction between the gut microbiome-HEI and metabolite levels. Results Diet quality was significantly higher in participants with Enterotype 2, compared to those with Enterotype 1 (P = 0.01). The gut microbiome-HEI interaction (Enterotype 2 and higher HEI) was directly related to omega-3/omega-6 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and acetyl/acyl derivatives of amino acids. It was inversely linked to polar lipids including 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPC (16:0/18:2), which demonstrated the most significant association (β = 0.008, P = 0.0009) among circulatory metabolites. Considering gut metabolome, however, the interaction directly associated with metabolites involved in DNA synthesis including thymidine 5′-monophosphate, which showed the strongest association (β = 0.041, P = 0.0007), and bile acids derivatives. It inversely associated with fatty acids and branch chain amino acids. ‘Glycine and serine metabolism’ was the only pathway that was significantly enriched by the interaction (P = 0.044). Conclusions Future research is warranted; however, these findings suggest that the efficacy of dietary interventions targeted at altering metabolism (the metabolism of lipids (PUFAs and polar lipids), amino acids and nucleotides) may be dependent on gut microbiome composition. Funding Sources The National Institutes of Health.
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Jin, Qi, Alicen Black, Stefanos N. Kales, Dhiraj Vattem, Miguel Ruiz-Canela et Mercedes Sotos-Prieto. « Metabolomics and Microbiomes as Potential Tools to Evaluate the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet ». Nutrients 11, no 1 (21 janvier 2019) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010207.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The approach to studying diet–health relationships has progressively shifted from individual dietary components to overall dietary patterns that affect the interaction and balance of low-molecular-weight metabolites (metabolome) and host-enteric mic{Citation}robial ecology (microbiome). Even though the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a powerful strategy to improve health, the accurate assessment of exposure to the MedDiet has been a major challenge in epidemiological and clinical studies. Interestingly, while the effects of individual dietary components on the metabolome have been described, studies investigating metabolomic profiles in response to overall dietary patterns (including the MedDiet), although limited, have been gaining attention. Similarly, the beneficial effects of the MedDiet on cardiometabolic outcomes may be mediated through gut microbial changes. Accumulating evidence linking food ingestion and enteric microbiome alterations merits the evaluation of the microbiome-mediated effects of the MedDiet on metabolic pathways implicated in disease. In this narrative review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence from observational and clinical trials involving the MedDiet by (1) assessing changes in the metabolome and microbiome for the measurement of diet pattern adherence and (2) assessing health outcomes related to the MedDiet through alterations to human metabolomics and/or the microbiome.
Thèses sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
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Trimigno, Alessia <1989>. « A "Foodomic" Approach for the Evaluation of Food Quality and its Impact on the Human Metabolome ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7917/1/Trimigno%20Alessia%20Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, omic sciences have been increasingly employed in many research fields thanks to their high-throughput capabilities and holistic approach.
Among the omics sciences, metabolomics and foodomics have recently emerged for the investigation of food and nutrition and their relation to the individual health and wellness status.
The analytical platforms used are ideal for non-targeted analysis, due to their capability of detecting and identifying a large set of variables (or metabolites) in complex biological samples. The most employed metabolomics techniques are mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, empowered by the advent and advancement of multivariate data analysis.
This thesis outlines the analytical pipeline of the foodomic approach and highlights the current challenges in the field, tracing the path of modern foodomics from the definition and description of food quality to the profiling of the human metabolome, and the investigation of the impact of food on human health, the prevention of diseases and the identification of biomarkers of health status.
The impact of factors such as genetic modification or farming method was investigated in plant-based foods. And the effect of the food matrix and digestion on the stability and bioaccessibility of specific molecules was assessed.
The animal metabolome was also studied, for example investigating the effect of antibiotic treatment on necrotizing enterocolitis as a model for the treatment of this condition in human newborns, too.
The human metabolome (plasma, serum, urine) was then explored, firstly to develop specific algorithms for the search of dietary biomarkers in observational studies. Moreover, food intake biomarkers have been discovered in an intervention study (i.e. galactose for milk intake) and will be further investigated. Research was also carried out to investigate on specific disease-related biomarkers and to discover possible trajectories from a disease state to a healthier condition.
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Ceci, Adriana Teresa. « Measuring the nutritional quality of local plant-based EUREGIO foods ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/355331.
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In the recent years, the consumer choices have been focused on health-promoting
plant-based food and their preferences are oriented towards regional foodstuff from
local productions. Therefore, an important factor for vegetables grown Trentino-Alto
Adige (Italy) is to point out the added value of alpine farming to evaluate the nutritional
values of farming products. Omics technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics,
proteomics and metabolomics) are aimed at investigating the assessment of different
pools of molecules and how they are translated into the structure, function, and dynamics
of a biological system or systems in order to provide a comprehensive characterization
of a specific organism. Research use the omics techniques to exhaustively understand
the functionality of food components. Several sophisticated chromatographic methods,
spectroscopic techniques and chemometric tools are applied to give an insight into a
comprehensive overview of the intrinsic quality, typicality and regionality of specific
plant-based foods in the present PhD thesis: apples and potatoes. The quality of these
foods is evaluated by quantifying the secondary metabolites to investigate their nutraceutical
values. The aim of this PhD project is to use several analytical techniques (LC-MS,
UV-VIS) that are capable of comprehensively characterizing the food metabolome with
particular emphasis on those components with high nutritional values. The data analysis
and data handling of omics data requires advanced bioinformatic, statistical, and
chemometric tools. Potatoes and apples are chosen as target matrices for these studies
for their relevance in the local economy and for the peculiar chemical composition of particular
interest for their health-promoting proprieties. The information is acquired using
several sophisticated chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, such as ultra-high
performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
(UHPLC– MS/MS) and UV/VIS. It is integrated to chemometric approaches (principal
component analysis (PCA), partial least square regression (PLS), and data fusion) to
achieve a comprehensive targeted chemical characterization. The sampling procedures
gathers, in the case of the potatoes study, reference cultivars that may be found in the
common retailers of Trentino/Alto-Adige and different production areas, the apples of
22 cultivars were harvest from the fields of the Laimburg Research Centre (Vadena,
Italy) to guaranty comparability of the obtained data. Our results may be used as solid
foundation for a reliable evaluation of apples and potatoes healthy "potential" value
based on cutting-edge techniques, which are capable of providing comprehensive data
regarding the alpine food quality parameters with high efficiency and reliability
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PIRAS, CRISTINA. « Metabolomic investigation of food matrices by ¹H NMR spectroscopy ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266182.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present Ph.D. work shows some applications on the NMR-based metabolomic approach in food science. The investigated food matrices are largely different, from a manufactured product that undergoes only physical treatments (bottarga), to a manufactured product where biochemical transformations take place (Fiore Sardo cheese), and, finally, a raw food (Argentina sphyraena). All of these food matrices were not chosen by chance, but they represent an important piece of economy of the island of Sardinia, or might be further valorized, gaining more importance in the near future. Indeed, bottarga and Fiore Sardo are typical products exported all over the world, while Argentina sphyraena is a fish a low economic interest, finding no appreciation, at the moment, on
the market. The results of this PhD study have contributed with new insights and deeper understanding of the potential perspective of the combined NMR/multivariate methods approach in food science, showing the great versatility of NMR spectroscopy and the strong synergetic relation between
NMR and chemometrics. NMR revealed its extraordinary potential, when applied to natural samples and products, while chemometric analytical technique proved to be an essential tool to get information on the properties of interest (e.g., geographical origin for bottarga) based on the knowledge of other properties easily obtained (i.e. NMR spectra). The investigation performed on bottarga demonstrated that a NMR-based metabolomics technique can be a powerful tool for the detection of novel biomarkers and establishing quality control parameters for bottarga. The work presented in this study evidenced the effectiveness of
metabolite fingerprinting as a tool to distinguish samples according both to the geographical origin of fish and the manufacturing process. The results relative to the Fiore Sardo showed the potential of the combination of NMR
spectroscopy and chemometrics as a promising partnership for detailed cheese analysis, providing knowledge that can facilitate better monitoring of the food production chain and create new opportunities for targeted strategies for processing. Such analysis may be performed in any stage
of the cheese manufacturing, allowing for thorough evaluation of every step in the process. Finally, the preliminary results relative to the metabolomic investigation of Argentina sphyraena should certainly serve as a basis for implement a research tool able to provide deeper insights on the biology of this fish species with all advantages offered by the metabolomics approach.
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GHISONI, SILVIA. « UNTARGETED METABOLOMIC FINGERPRINTING FOR AUTHENTICITY AND TRACEABILITY OF FOODS ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72714.
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La globalizzazione del mercato agroalimentare ha determinato una crescente attenzione da parte dei consumatori verso i prodotti alimentari, non solo in termini di qualità e di sicurezza, ma anche di origine geografica. Infatti, il territorio d’origine ha un forte impatto sull’alimento, dovuto alle condizioni pedoclimatiche che ne determinano le caratteristiche. Poiché non esistono dei metodi analitici di routine per l’autenticazione della provenienza geografica, lo scopo del progetto di ricerca è quello di determinare l’origine geografica e l’autenticità degli alimenti mediante profiling dei composti fenolici e steroli, grazie all’applicazione di tecnologie omiche, tecniche statistiche e chemometriche.
La componente fenolica e/o steroli dei campioni, viene analizzata tramite cromatografia liquida (UHPLC) accoppiata ad uno spettrometro di massa (Q-TOF-MS). I dati così ottenuti, vengono elaborati mediante statistica multivariata.
L’applicazione combinata di avanzate tecnologie omiche e tecniche statistiche chemometriche ha portato come risultato l’effettiva identificazione della provenienza geografica e autenticità di numerose matrici alimentari.
I dati ottenuti dimostrano che i metaboliti secondari possiedono proprietà discriminanti. L’approccio di metabolomica UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS combinato a una statistica multivariata risulta essere adeguato per identificare potenziali markers. Il lavoro attuale è focalizzato sulla ricerca di nuovi metaboliti che, insieme a fenoli e steroli possano confermare la potenza di questo approccio.Nowadays, food traceability is a growing consumer interest worldwide. Food traceability could be considered a fundamental tool for ensuring safety and high quality of food. Food quality is based not only on the safety and integrity of food, but also on the authenticity, the genuineness of the raw material and the geographical origin. The aim of the work was to investigate the potential of untargeted metabolomics to ensure the authenticity and traceability of foods. Secondary metabolites, like polyphenols and sterols, could be conveniently used to meet this goal due to their chemical diversity and their responses to environmental stimuli. Samples were analyzed through UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS. The obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that secondary metabolites can be efficiently used for authenticity and traceability purposes, with regards to cultivars and geographical origin. These information confirm the role of environmental factors in shaping the actual profile of secondary metabolites in plant foods. The markers found could be used for a target quantification method, a less expensive and less sophisticated analysis, in order to provide an efficient tool that could help to guarantee food quality on routine basis.
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GHISONI, SILVIA. « UNTARGETED METABOLOMIC FINGERPRINTING FOR AUTHENTICITY AND TRACEABILITY OF FOODS ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/72714.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La globalizzazione del mercato agroalimentare ha determinato una crescente attenzione da parte dei consumatori verso i prodotti alimentari, non solo in termini di qualità e di sicurezza, ma anche di origine geografica. Infatti, il territorio d’origine ha un forte impatto sull’alimento, dovuto alle condizioni pedoclimatiche che ne determinano le caratteristiche. Poiché non esistono dei metodi analitici di routine per l’autenticazione della provenienza geografica, lo scopo del progetto di ricerca è quello di determinare l’origine geografica e l’autenticità degli alimenti mediante profiling dei composti fenolici e steroli, grazie all’applicazione di tecnologie omiche, tecniche statistiche e chemometriche.
La componente fenolica e/o steroli dei campioni, viene analizzata tramite cromatografia liquida (UHPLC) accoppiata ad uno spettrometro di massa (Q-TOF-MS). I dati così ottenuti, vengono elaborati mediante statistica multivariata.
L’applicazione combinata di avanzate tecnologie omiche e tecniche statistiche chemometriche ha portato come risultato l’effettiva identificazione della provenienza geografica e autenticità di numerose matrici alimentari.
I dati ottenuti dimostrano che i metaboliti secondari possiedono proprietà discriminanti. L’approccio di metabolomica UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS combinato a una statistica multivariata risulta essere adeguato per identificare potenziali markers. Il lavoro attuale è focalizzato sulla ricerca di nuovi metaboliti che, insieme a fenoli e steroli possano confermare la potenza di questo approccio.Nowadays, food traceability is a growing consumer interest worldwide. Food traceability could be considered a fundamental tool for ensuring safety and high quality of food. Food quality is based not only on the safety and integrity of food, but also on the authenticity, the genuineness of the raw material and the geographical origin. The aim of the work was to investigate the potential of untargeted metabolomics to ensure the authenticity and traceability of foods. Secondary metabolites, like polyphenols and sterols, could be conveniently used to meet this goal due to their chemical diversity and their responses to environmental stimuli. Samples were analyzed through UHPLC-ESI/QTOF-MS. The obtained data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The obtained results showed that secondary metabolites can be efficiently used for authenticity and traceability purposes, with regards to cultivars and geographical origin. These information confirm the role of environmental factors in shaping the actual profile of secondary metabolites in plant foods. The markers found could be used for a target quantification method, a less expensive and less sophisticated analysis, in order to provide an efficient tool that could help to guarantee food quality on routine basis.
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VIBERT, LAURENT. « Estimation des reserves en fer chez les coureurs de fond et de demi-fond ». Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6523.
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Hajjar, Ghina. « Authentication of food matrices using lipid markers obtained by isotopic and metabolomic NMR ». Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4083.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les indications relatives aux origines (géographique, botanique ou animale) des aliments constituent des critères de vente persuasifs surtout lorsque la provenance est reliée étroitement à la qualité du produit. Les risques de fraudes étant non négligeables, la mise en place de méthodes d’authentification robuste est alors une nécessité. La Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) est l’une des techniques analytiques utilisées à cette fin. Elle permet d’identifier des marqueurs d’origines au sein de la matrice en question. A cet égard, les lipides peuvent être considérés comme source quasi-universelle de biomarqueurs grâce à leur présence ubiquitaire dans les matrices alimentaires. Dans ce projet, la spectroscopie RMN a été utilisée pour la caractérisation des lipides et pour l’identification de biomarqueurs métabolomiques et isotopiques qui permettent de remonter à l’origine des produits analysés. L’œuf de poule a servi de matrice modèle pour mener nos investigations. Les analyses des triacylglycérols (TAG), des phospholipides (PL) et du cholestérol ont été réalisées après amélioration des protocoles d’extraction, d’acquisition et de traitement de leurs spectres RMN 1H et 13C. Les données métabisotopomiques (métabolomiques et isotopiques), obtenues de la déconvolution spectrale (utilisées comme variables d’entrée pour la construction de modèles), ont permis la classification des échantillons selon leur origine et selon la race et le système d’élevage des poules. Les variables métabolomiques ont aussi servi à la quantification individuelle des acides gras dans les TAG et les PL, y compris ceux présents en quantités minimes tels que les acides punicique, ruménique et d’OsbondOrigin of food products is an important criterion that affects the costumer’s choice since the food quality is determined, among other factors, by geographical and botanical or animal origins. The risk of fraud being considerable, implementation of robust authentication methods is then an urge. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the analytical tools used for this purpose. It allows the identification of origin-related markers within the studied matrix. In this respect, lipids can be considered as a source of quasi-universal biomarkers due to their ubiquitous presence in food matrices. In this project, NMR spectroscopy was used for characterization of lipids and for identification of metabolomic and isotopic biomarkers tracing back origin of analyzed product. Hen egg served as a model matrix to conduct our investigations. Analyzes of triacylglycerols (TAG), phospholipids (PL), and cholesterol were carried out after improving extraction protocols and acquisition and processing conditions of their 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Metabisotopomic (metabolomic and isotopic) data resulting from spectral deconvolution were used as predictors in multivariate discriminant analysis allowing classification of samples according to their origin, to the hen breed, and to the farming system. Metabolomic variables were also used for the individual quantification of fatty acids within TAG and PL, even those present in minute amounts such as punicic, rumenic and Osbond acids
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Fang, Zhou. « Effects of Carboxymethyl-Lysine in Heat Processed Foods on the Plasma Metabolome in Mice ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4752.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The effect of dietary carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) on the metabolite profile of plasma was investigated. Mice were fed one of five diets including: AIN93 diet (negative control), a 45% kcal from fat Diet Induced Obesity diet (DIO; positive control); CML0, Total Western Diet (TWD) with low CML; CML1, TWD with medium CML, and CML2, TWD with high CML. In addition, plasma glucose across the five diet groups was also quantitatively measured in this study.
According to the results, 93 compounds were detected in the mouse plasma samples using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Among all 93 detected compounds, 49 of them were amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, or other organic molecules, while 44 of them could not be identified and were considered to be “unknowns”. Four identified metabolites and 10 unknown metabolites were significantly different between the five diets. In addition, only one metabolite, lactic acid, was significantly different between the three CML diets. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of the CML2 diet, or the diet high in CML, from the other diets along the second principal component. The DIO and AIN93 diets were mostly separated by the third principal component. In addition, both PC1 and PC 3 affected CML0 and CML2.
Overall, the metabolic profile of plasma was affected by the amount of CML in diet more than the differences between diets. However, further study is warranted to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved in the changes to the metabolome.
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Cerff, Jeanne. « Optimisation of kefir biomass and metabolite production in conjunction with sensory evaluation ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52979.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Developing countries such as South Africa are in dire need of nutritionally adequate dairy food and beverage sources that are ambient stable due to minimal access to refrigeration. One such product is Kefir, a naturally fermented milk beverage that originated in Caucasian China many centuries ago. The microorganisms responsible for fermentation of the milk are held together in a carbohydrate matrix in the form of small grains. These grains are then removed from the beverage prior to consumption, and added to fresh milk for new fermentations. This beverage holds great potential for large scale development due to the self-propagating nature of the grains, the lack of sophisticated equipment and knowledge necessary for production, and the appealing sensory characteristics of this beverage. This study was therefore performed as an initial investigation to determine the optimum fermentation conditions for large-scale grain production and optimal sensory appeal. Kefir grain production was found to be proportional to incubation temperature in the range studied (18°, 22°, 25° and 30°C), with maximum grain biomass increases of 500% for the Kefir incubated at 30°C over the 10 d trial. During fermentation of Kefir grains in milk, lactic acid and other metabolites are produced. Lactic acid results in coagulation of the milk, necessary to provide the characteristic texture and flavour of Kefir, as well as exerting a preservative effect. Lactic acid production was found to be strongly proportional to both incubation temperature and inoculum concentration. The samples containing 2% (w/v) Kefir grain inoculum concentration that were incubated at 25°C for 24 h were found to have optimum lactic acid levels for good quality Kefir (pH of 4.4 - 4.6 and TA of 1.0 - 1.15%). The other metabolites produced during Kefir fermentation are responsible for the specific flavour of Kefir, and include acetaldehyde, diacetyl, ethanol, acetone and 2-butanone. These compounds were studied using headspace gas chromatography over the fermentation period, which yielded good resolution and separation of all these compounds, however, only acetaldehyde, ethanol and acetone were found to be major metabolites in this study, These analytical results were then further compared to sensory results for key identified attributes, as obtained from a trained sensory panel, to enable recommendations for optimum fermentation conditions to be made. The studied attributes included sourness, sweetness, butteriness, creaminess, yoghurt flavour, cowiness, effervescence, yeastiness, smoothness and overall acceptability. It was apparent from this study that correlations between analytical and sensory data could be drawn, and that panellists were particularly accurate in detecting the attribute sourness resulting from the accumulated lactic acid in the Kefir. Overall acceptability also seemed to be intricately linked to the attribute creaminess, hence the regular literature references to full-cream Kefir as optimum for best sensory appeal. From this study, it was evident that Kefir with optimal sensory appeal is obtained with incubation for 18 h at moderate temperatures (22° or 25°C) and grain inoculum concentrations (0.8% w/v).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ontwikkelende lande soos Suid-Afrika, bestaan daar 'n groot behoefte aan voedsame suiwelprodukte wat stabiel is by kamer temperatuur aangesien 'n groot deel van die bevolking beperkte toegang tot verkoelingsfasiliteite het. Een so 'n produk is Kefir, 'n natuurlike gefermenteerde suiwelproduk wat sy oorsprong eeue gelede in China gehad het. Die mikroorganismes wat verantwoordelik is vir die fermentasie, is saamgebind in 'n koolhidraat matriks in die vorm van klein korrels. Hierdie korrels word verwyder uit die drankie voordat dit gedrink word, en word dan weer by vars melk bygevoeg vir 'n verdere fermentasie. Hierdie gefermenteerde produk het baie potensiaal vir massa-produksie, omdat die korrels natuurlik vermeerder, geen gesofistikeerde toerusting of kennis nodig is nie, en die finale produk hoogs aanvaarbare sensoriese eienskappe het. Die doel van die studie was om 'n inleidende ondersoek uit te voer om die optimum fermentasie toestande vir massakweking van korrels en die mees aanvaarbare sensoriese eienskappe te bepaal. Uit hierdie studie is gevind dat Kefirkorrel vermeerdering proporsioneel is tot die verhoging in inkubasie temperatuur in die gebied 18°, 22°, 25° en 30°C, met maksimum biomassa toenames van tot 500% vir Kefir wat vir 10 dae by 30°C geïnkubeer was. Gedurende fermentasie van Kefirkorrels in melk, word melksuur en ander metaboliete gevorm. Melksuur lei tot die verlaging van die pH van die melk, en veroorsaak stolling, wat noodsaaklik is vir die kenmerkende tekstuur en geur van Kefir, maar dien ook as 'n preserveermiddel. Daar is ook gevind dat melksuur produksie 'n direkte verband het met die inkubasie temperatuur en inokulum konsentrasie. Die monsters met Kefirkorrel inokulum konsentrasie van 2% (miv) wat vir 24 h by 25°C geïnkubeer is, het die optimale melksuur konsentrasies vir goeie kwaliteit Kefir bevat (pH van 4.4 - 4.6 en TA van 1.0 - 1.15%). Ander metaboliete wat belangrike geurkomponente van Kefir is, is asetaldehied, diasetiel, etanol, asetoon en 2-butanoon. Hierdie metaboliete is bepaal en geëvalueer met bodamp gaschromatografiese tegnieke gedurende die fermentasie, wat 'n goeie resolusie en skeiding gelewer het. In hierdie studie is slegs asetaldehied, etanol en asetoon as hoof Kefir metaboliete gevind. Die analitiese data is verder vergelyk met die sensoriese data van die hoof sensoriese komponente, soos bepaal deur 'n opgeleide sensoriese paneel, om die mees gunstigde fermentasie parameters te bepaal. Die geëvalueerde eienskappe was suurheid, soetheid, botterigheid, romerigheid, joghurt geur, koeismaak, gas inhoud, gisagtigheid, gladheid en algehele aanvaarbaarheid. Uit hierdie data is gevind dat daar wel 'n sterk korrelasie bestaan tussen die analitiese en sensoriese resultate, en dat paneellede in staat was om die suurheid, as gevolg van die gevormde melksuur, te bepaal. Algehele aanvaarbaarheid is definitief gekoppel aan romerigheid, daarom word volroommelk Kefir verkies bo die wat met afgeroomde melk berei is. Die data uit hierdie studie het ook getoon dat Kefir met optimale sensoriese eienskappe verkry is na 'n inkubasietyd van 18 h by "matige temperature" (22° of 25°C) en 'n Kefirkorrel inokulum van 0.8% (mIv).
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Kinkead, Ruth Ann. « Proteomic and metabolomic blood profiling to detect illegal drug use in food producing animals ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706997.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Despite the EU prohibition of anabolic substances administered to food producing animals, reports suggest that the use of growth promoting agents continues, pursued by improved animal health and subsequent financial gains. Current screening methods targeting known compounds are insufficient in discriminating endogenous levels from exogenous applications such as oestradiol. Problems also exist in the detection of corticosteroid misuse through long term, low dose dexamethasone and prednisolone administrations. Efforts have moved towards assessment of the biological response of animals to detect growth promoter exposure and methods employing proteomic'and metabolomic markers are needed. An in vivo animal study consisting of twenty-four male beef cattle randomly assigned to four groups (n=6) for experimental treatment over 40 days was conducted; a control group of untreated bovines, and three groups administered oestradiol, dexamethasone or prednisolone at levels known to reflect growth promoting practice. Plasma was collected from each animal throughout the treatment period and assessed for effect-based monitoring. An untargeted assessment of the plasma proteome utilising two-dimensional gel electrophoresis highlighted 22 proteins showing differential expression in treated cattle. Identification of protein markers via LC-MS/MS elucidated contributions to lipid and vitamin metabolism as well as the immune response. Similarly, untargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted via UHPLC-QTof-MS based on reverse phased separation of plasma under positive electrospray ionisation. Results demonstrated metabolite modifications relative to each treatment group and an OPLS-DA model was generated to predict treated from untreated cohorts based on 99 ions of interest. Further statistical analysis found 24 metabolites significantly altered within treated bovines which were putatively identified as mainly lipid components. Further verification of the biomarkers identified was conducted through targeted assessment of the relative levels in additional sample cohorts. A UHPLC-SRM-MS method was developed to detect eight plasma proteins of interest by quantification of tryptic peptides highlighting the use of vitamin-D binding protein, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, retinol-binding protein 4 as novel markers responsive to growth promoter treatment. Additionally blood collected at the slaughterhouse was assessed for protein and metabolite perturbations to reflect authentic screening practice.
Livres sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
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Xenobiosis : Foods, drugs and poisons in the human body. London : Chapman and Hall, 1987.
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Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding nutrition. Belmont, Calif : Thomson Wadsworth, 2005.
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Rady, Rolfes Sharon, dir. Understanding nutrition. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2011.
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Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding nutrition. 4e éd. St. Paul : West Pub. Co., 1987.
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author, Rolfes Sharon Rady, Hammond Gail 1956 author et Piché, Leonard A., 1950- author, dir. Understanding nutrition. Toronto : Nelson Education, 2016.
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Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding nutrition. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, 2011.
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Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding nutrition. Toronto : Nelson Education, 2012.
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Whitney, Eleanor Noss. Understanding nutrition. 8e éd. Belmont, CA : West/Wadsworth, 1999.
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Rady, Rolfes Sharon, dir. Understanding nutrition. 6e éd. Minneapolis/St. Paul : West Pub. Co., 1993.
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Rady, Rolfes Sharon, dir. Understanding nutrition. 7e éd. St. Paul, MN : West Pub., 1996.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
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Scalbert, Augustin, Joseph A. Rothwell, Pekka Keski-Rahkonen et Vanessa Neveu. « The Food Metabolome and Dietary Biomarkers ». Dans Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 259–82. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152288-15.
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Arslan, Orhan E., et Philip Palmon. « The Food Metabolome and Novel Dietary Biomarkers Associated with Diseases ». Dans Genomics-Driven Healthcare, 89–107. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7506-3_6.
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de Seymour, Jamie V., Elizabeth McKenzie et Philip Baker. « Using the Food Metabolome to Understand the Relationship Between Maternal Diet and Gestational Diabetes ». Dans Nutrition and Diet in Maternal Diabetes, 263–74. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56440-1_21.
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Liu, Dongyou. « Metabolomic Analysis of Fasciola Infection ». Dans Molecular Food Microbiology, 451–59. 3e éd. First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2021. | : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351120388-36.
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Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, Joseph A. Rothwell et Augustin Scalbert. « Metabolomic Techniques to Discover Food Biomarkers ». Dans Advances in the Assessment of Dietary Intake, 283–300. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. : CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315152288-16.
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Breguet, Véronique, Vojislav Vojinovic et Ian W. Marison. « Encapsulates for Food Bioconversions and Metabolite Production ». Dans Encapsulation Technologies for Active Food Ingredients and Food Processing, 367–89. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1008-0_14.
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Fatima, Tahira, Avtar K. Handa et Autar K. Mattoo. « Functional Foods : Genetics, Metabolome, and Engineering Phytonutrient Levels ». Dans Natural Products, 1715–49. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_50.
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Wass, Taylor J., Reuben B. Brown, Ajam Y. Shekh et Peer M. Schenk. « Microalgal Strain Improvement and Genetic Engineering for Enhanced Biomass and Metabolite Yields ». Dans Algae for Food, 53–70. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165941-4.
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Rashmi, Mishra, et V. Venkateswara Sarma. « Secondary Metabolite Production by Endophytic Fungi : The Gene Clusters, Nature, and Expression ». Dans Bioactive Molecules in Food, 1–16. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_20-1.
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Ray, Shatrupa, Jyoti Singh, Rahul Singh Rajput, Smriti Yadav, Surendra Singh et Harikesh Bahadur Singh. « A Thorough Comprehension of Host Endophytic Interaction Entailing the Biospherical Benefits : A Metabolomic Perspective ». Dans Bioactive Molecules in Food, 1–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76900-4_16-1.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
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González-Domínguez, Raúl, Ana Sayago et Ángeles Fernández-Recamales. « Comparison of complementary statistical analysis approaches in metabolomic food traceability ». Dans 3rd International Electronic Conference on Metabolomics. Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecm-3-05839.
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Afiati, Fifi, Fitri Setiyoningrum, Gunawan Priadi et Vania Qyasaty. « Quantification of Lactic Acid as Secondary Metabolite of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Milk and Its Derivatived Products ». Dans The Food Ingredient Asia Conference (FiAC). SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010546700003108.
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Rizzuti, Antonino, Maria Tufariello, Vito Gallo, Piero Mastrorilli, Lorenzo Palombi, Biagia Musio, Vittorio Capozzi et Francesco Grieco. « A Non-Targeted Metabolomic Approach for the Characterization of Chemical Profile of Sparkling Wines Produced Using Autochthonous Yeast Strains ». Dans Foods 2021. Basel Switzerland : MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods2021-11074.
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Minaeva, L. P., Y. Markova et A. D. Evsjukova. « POLYPHASE APPROACH FOR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION OF MICROMY-CETES - FOOD CONTAMINANTS ». Dans NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.19-24.
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The article presents an integrated approach based on polyphasic taxonomy, which includes the study of phenotypic, molecular genetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of micromycetes. This approach makes it possible to obtain reliable results of species identification of mold con-taminants in food products, to expand knowledge about the metabolite profiles of specific fungal species and their chemotypes. The potential for the formation of mycotoxins (MT) by mold con-taminants of the genus Aspergillus isolated from coffee raw materials has been shown. It was shown that, under favorable conditions, they are able to simultaneously accumulate several dangerous MTs (OTA, AFL B1, FB2), as well as emergent MT (STC).
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Egberg, Nils, Krister Gréen, Jan Jacobsson, Ole Vester-gvist, Bjöm Wiman et Michael Gallimore. « EFFECTS OF PLASMA KALLIKREIN AND BRADYKININ ON FIBRINOLYSIS AND THROMBOXANE PROSTACYKLIN FORMATION STUDIED IN MINIPIGS ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644334.
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The effect of plasma kallikrein and bradykinin infusions into pigs on hemodynamic and hemostatic variables have been investigated. Both substances caused a pronounced decrease of the systemic blood pressure. The leucocyte count in periferal blood fell markedly, reaching a minimun within one hour after infusion of either of the substances.Signs that could be interpreted as a progressive disseminated intravascular coagulation with decrease of fibrinogen and platelet count was observed after kallikrein as well as bradykinin infusions. A pronounced increase of the plasma tissue plasminogen activator concentration followed both plasma kallikrein and bradykinin infusions. However, the peak concentration was found 5 minutes after bradykinin infusion but 60-120 minutes after kallikrein infusion, suggesting different mechanisms leading to the t-PA release. Concomittant with the maximun t-PA concentration there was a marked reduction of the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) concentration. Three hours after drug infusions the PAI concentration was at or above preinfusion level. Kallikrein infusions caused a 10-20 fold increase of the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor thromboxane B2 (metabolite of TxA2) and a 3-42 fold increase of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGFlalpha (metabolite of PGI2) excretion respectively. Corresponding data for bradykinin infusions were, 1.6-5 fold and 2-10 fold increases respectively. Possible links between leucocyte aggregation, prostanoid formation and fibrinolytic variables will be discussed.
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Dalgamouni, Tasneem atef, Shatha Kanji, Maroua Cherif, Rihab Rasheed, Touria Bounnit, Hareb Aljabri, Imen Saadaoui et Radhouane Ben Hamadou. « Isolation, Cultivation, and Characterization of Novel Local Marine Micro-Algae for Aquaculture Feed Supplement Production ». Dans Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0037.
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Aquaculture is considered as a promising alternative to support the food demands of the everincreasing population. Currently, this sector faces several challenges such as using fishmeal, which is unsustainable and expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to identify an alternative feed component that is sustainable, cost-effective and can provide the essential nutrients required by the fish. In this context, microalgae are considered as a viable source of proteins, lipids, polysaccharides and highvalue products (HVPs) such as essential fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins. They play a vital role in the marine food chain and hence can be easily assimilated by the fish. The current research targeted the isolation, identification and characterization of novel marine microalgae from Qatar coastline to produce aquaculture feed supplement. As the climate poses a number of stress factors, such as high light intensities, temperatures and varying salinities, it is expected that novel microalgae with interesting metabolite profiles can be isolated from the environment for developing aquaculture sector in Qatar. Standard plating methods were used to isolate halophilic strains from field waters. PCR-sequencing was used to identify the novel microalgae, cyanobacteria and diatom isolates. Then a comparative analysis of the growth performance and metabolite content was performed to characterize these strains. Results evidenced that the cyanobacteria strain exhibited the highest biomass productivity of 51.4 mg L-1day-1 whereas the highest lipid content was observed in the novel diatom isolate ranging up to 28.62% and the highest amount of carotenoids was detected in the case of the microalgae. As in conclusion, a rich feed supplement blending the three isolates can be considered as an alternative to fishmeal. As a continuation of this research, the potential strains will be cultivated under various stress to increase their nutritional value.
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Hatmi, M., A. Del Maschio, J. Lefort, G. De Gaetano, B. B. Varqaftiq et C. Cerletti. « EFFECTS OF SULFINPYRAZONE AND ITS METABOLITE G25671 ON PLATELET ACTIVATION AND DESENSITIZATION AND ON BRONCHOCONSTRICTION INDUCED BY THE PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDE ANALOGUE U46619 ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643854.
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In previous studies we have found (Br. 3. Pharmac. 85, 849, 1985) that a) human platelets pre-exposed to arachidonic acid or to the endoperoxide analogue, U46619 and then washed and resuspended, fail to respond to a second challenge by both arachidonic acid and U46619; b) desensitization by arachidonic acid and U46619 occurs at a site sensitive to endoperoxides / thromboxane (Tx) receptor antagonists; c) the desensitizing effects of U46619 are direct, whereas those of arachidonic acid are mediated by a cyclooxygenase-dependent metabolite. Sulfinpyrazone (100 μM) and its thioether metabolite G25671 (50 μM) are known to suppress arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and TxB2 formation (Eur. 3. Pharmac, 101, 209, 1984). We now demonstrate that the presence of sulfinpyrazone or G25671 during platelet exposure to arachidonic acid or U46619 prevents desensitization. Platelet activation by the endoperoxide analogue U46619 is also prevented by sulfinpyrazone or G25671 (0.3-1 mM). The threshold aggregating concentrations of arachidonic acid and U46619 in healthy subjects before and after oral treatment with sulfinpyrazone were elevated by 2-3 fold and a good correlation between ex vivo and in vitro findings was established. We finally examined the actions of sulfinpyrazone and G25671 on the bronchoconstriction in vivo and parenchymal lung strip contraction in vitro induced by U46619. Neither drug had any preventive effect.Our results demonstrate that sulfinpyrazone and its metabolite G25671 are not only cyclooxygenase inhibitors but can also act as endoperoxide/Tx antagonists and indicate clearly that antagonism of U46619 by both drugs is selective for platelets.
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Cordova, C., F. Violi, D. Praticò, A. Ghiselli, C. Alessandri et F. Balsano. « CYCLOOXYGENASE INDIPENDENT PLATELET AGGREGATION:RELATION WITH ASPI RIN CONCENTRATION ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644828.
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Low doses of aspirin (20 mg/day) were previously reported to be uneffective in preventing platelet aggregation (PA) induced by pairs of aggregating agents such as PAF and adrenalin.This was in part attributed to the inability of such treatment to inhibit lipo oxygenase-dependent PA.The latter can be observed in vitro in"aspl rinated"platelets stimulated with high quantities of aggregating -agents.The aim of this study was to evaluate if the lipooxygenase-dependent PA was influenced by aspirin in a dose-dependent fashion. PA was studied in platelet rich plasma (PRP)(Born's method) by using threshold doses of aggregating agents (TDA) such as PAF(4-75 nM),epinephrine(0.6-2 μM) and collagen(2-4 μg/ml).PA performed in PRP pretrated with 100μM aspirin was fully prevented;in the same samples thromboxane (Tx) A2 evaluated by its metabolite Tx B2 was almost absent.Increasing amount of PAF(20 fold TDA),epinephrine(20 fold TDA) and collagen (36 fold TDA) do aggregate"aspirinated"pla telets;similarly"aspirinated"platelets aggregate when stimulated-with a pair of aggregating agents (TDA of PAF+epinephrine).This phenomenon was not detected if platelets were incubated with higher amounts of aspirin (250-500 μM).The study suggests that aspirin could influence lipooxygenase-dependent PA.This hypothesis is sup ported by a research showing the aspirin inhibits dose-dependently platelet HETE formation.A further study is now in progress to eva luate the influence of high doses of aspirin on cyclooxygenase-i"n dependent PA in vivo.
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Rezai, Keyvan, Stefan Proniuk, Alex Zukiwski, Erard Gilles, Didier Chassard, Caroline Denot, Haydee L. Ramos, Alice S. Bexon et François Lokiec. « Abstract 4636 : Pharmacokinetic (PK) food effect study of immediate-release onapristone and its primary metabolite (M1) in healthy female subjects : implications for design of a new formulation ». Dans Proceedings : AACR Annual Meeting 2014 ; April 5-9, 2014 ; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-4636.
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Weber, E., T. A. Haas, J. Hirsh et M. R. Buchanan. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VESSEL WALL 13-HODE PRODUCTION AND SUBENDOTHELIAL BASEMENT MEMBRANE THROMBORESISTANCE : INFLUENCE OF SALICYLATE ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643949.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In previous studies, we have reported that i) the basement membrane (BM) underlying endothelial cells was initially throm-boresistant; ii) 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE) synthesized by endothelial cells from linoleic acid via the lipoxygenase pathway, contributed to the thromboresistance of the endothelium; and iii) salicylate (SAL) increased injured vessel wall thrombogenecity. Therefore, we performed studies to determine the relationship between injured vessel wall thrombogenecity, vessel wall 13-HODE and cAMP levels, and salicylate treatment. Injured vessel wall thrombogenecity was measured as the number of H-adenine platelet (3H-PLT) adherent to the subendothelial BM exposed by air injury in carotid arteries of rabbits treated with 0 or 100 mg/kg of SAL bid, given orally2. Vessel wall 13-HODE was measured as the amount of 13-HODE/cm produced by the vessel wall following stimulation with 10μ/M linoleic acid, and measured by HPLC. Vessel wall cAMP levels were measured by RIA. Four hours after air injury, there was 25.4 ± 2 3 2H-PLT/cm2 of exposed BM. This was associated with 15.9 ng/cm2 of 13-HODE and 308 pM/cm2 of cAMP (Table 1). In contrast, in rabbits treated with SAL, there was a 2-fold increase in platelet adhesion onto the injured carotid arteries. The increase in platelet adhesion was associated with a 65% decrease in 13-HODE production by the vessel wall and a modest (20%) decrease in cAMP level.We conclude that the lipoxygenase derived linoleic acid metabolite, 13-HODE contributes not only to the thromboresis-tance of the endothelium, but also to its underlying basement membrane.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Food metabolome"
1
Fraanje, Walter, et Samuel Lee-Gammage. What is food security ? Sous la direction de Tara Garnett. Food Climate Research Network, mars 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/e49a6c96.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Being able to reliably obtain, consume and metabolise sufficient quantities of safe and nutritious and foods, is essential to human well-being. This building block explains the meaning of the food security concept.
2
Mizrahi, Itzhak, et Bryan A. White. Exploring the role of the rumen microbiota in determining the feed efficiency of dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7594403.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Expanding world hunger calls for increasing available food resources. Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. One way to tackle the problem of diminishing food resources is to increase the animals' energetic efficiency, i.e., the efficiency with which they convert energy from feed, thereby increasing food availability while lowering the environmental burden, as these animals would produce more and eat less. We hypothesize that the cow's feed efficiency is dependent on the taxonomic composition, coding capacity and activity of its reticulorumenmicrobiota. To test this hypothesis, three aims are defined: (1) Evaluation of the feed efficiency of 146 dairy cows and defining two groups representing the highest and lowest 25% using the Israeli group's unique facility; (2) Comparing these two groups for microbiota diversity, identity and coding capacity using next-generation sequencing and metagenomic approaches; (3) Comparing the reticulorumenmicrobiota metabolic activity parameters. We measured feed efficiency in 146 milking cows and analyzed the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition of rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals' feed-efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in increasing valuable metabolites and decreasing unusable ones such as methane in efficient animals. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.