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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

Marks, Hilary. « The Food Industry and Foreign Trade in Eastern Europe and the USSR ». British Food Journal 92, n^o 9 (septembre 1990) : 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000002329.

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Zabolotnyy, Serhiy, Natalia Wasilewska et Mirosław Wasilewski. « Financial Sustainability and Value of Joint-Stock Companies from Food Industry in Central and Eastern Europe ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), n^o 1 (1 avril 2019) : 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.1.14.

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The research presents the analysis of relations between financial sustainability and value of joint-stock companies from food industry in Central and Eastern Europe. Increase of volume of assets, shareholders’ equity and revenues demonstrated an improvement of financial sustainability and resulted in growing valuations of companies in the study period. Sample business entities achieved relatively high liquidity and profitability that proved their financial sustainability in terms of risk and return. At the same time rising operating profit margins and liquidity ratios determined higher enterprise value of joint-stock companies. This emphasized a positive relation between enterprise value and financial sustainability. Joint-stock companies demonstrated a robust capital structure with a minor decrease of corporate debt in 2011-2015. However changes in sources of financing could provoke a trade-off between financial sustainability and enterprise value. According to a regression model factors positively influencing enterprise value included revenue, cash and cash equivalents, operating profit, current liabilities and shareholder’s equity. Stimulating revenue and increasing operating profit as well as maintaining higher cash balances improves financial sustainability while debt extension can significantly deteriorate continuity of business.

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Chobanova, Yordanka. « Multinational corporations and foreign investors in CEE : Western European multinationals in the CEE agro-food industry : The cases of Nestle, Unilever and InBev ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, n^o 124 (2008) : 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0824031c.

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Using Systems of Innovation Approach (SI) and International Business (IB) literature, this paper analyzes the level of embeddedness of Multi?national Enterprises (MNEs) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). MNEs are discussed as they link the host country economy with the global economy by their regional and global networks. The expansion and successful embeddedness of West European multinational firms is crucial for the industrial integration of CEECs into the EU. The focus of the study is on the largest food processing com?panies, which invested in the region - namely Nestl? Unilever and InBev. The paper discusses the motives of investment and the entry strategies of food MNEs, outlines their contribution to the local development and stresses on the national actors as forces to embedded foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper discovered that EU membership facilitated the processes of global reorganizations of Nestl?, Unilever and InBev in CEE. All the three MNEs object of this research closed partially or completely plants all over CEE (and Western Europe). Hence, in a liberal trade regime it is very difficult to talk about long-term embeddedness of MNEs. It seems that the global strategies of the companies and the size of the market are the factor, which pre-determines the level of embeddedness of food MNEs in a certain economy and not so much the national actors and institutions. .

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Burhaz, Maryna, et Olha Soborova. « FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND THE FORMATION OF THE FISH PRODUCTS MARKET IN UKRAINE AND IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ». Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, n^o 3 (5 août 2020) : 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-3-10-18.

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The fishing industry is an important component of the economy not only in Ukraine, but also in all Central and Eastern European countries at the present stage of development. Developing and implementing the innovative technologies in fish farming and fish processing require mandatory and constant analysis of the fish market infrastructure. In the fishing industry, trade plays an important role as an employment center, a food supplier, a source of income, a contribution to economic growth and development, and also for food security and nutrition. For many countries and numerous coastal, river, island and inland regions, fish exports are critically important to the economy. The purpose of the study is to find out a current state of the fishing industry in Ukraine and in the Central and Eastern European countries, the prospects for its development and to conduct a research of fish and fish products importexport. The problem of the fisheries economic development in Ukraine and in the Central and Eastern European countries has been considered in the works of many domestic scientists and is reflected in a number of Laws of Ukraine, state programs and legislative acts, but many issues remain unsolved. Methodology. The state of fisheries in Ukraine has been researched, the amount of edible fish and fish products per capita by the population of Ukraine over the past 10 years has been carried out, and the volume of fish and fish products imports and exports in recent years in Ukraine has been analyzed. The catch volumes of fish and fish products in Europe in marine areas, inland waters, and the total volume of aquaculture production in the period from 2000 to 2018 in the Central and Eastern Europe countries have been studied. Result. Since the beginning of the 21st century, Ukraine has lost its potential and fishing opportunities in the marine economic zones of other countries, as a result of which the production of aquatic biological resources was reduced to 220 000-250 000 tons per year from 2007 to 2013. As a result of the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation in 2014, the production of aquatic bioresources in Ukraine has further decreased from 225 000 tons in 2013 to 90 000 tons in 2014-2019. All this shows that the Ukrainian fishing industry market is not provided at the expense of its own resources. Therefore, Ukraine constantly imports products from the non-resident partners. Today, Ukraine imports about 90% of fish. This situation is due to the lack of a specialized fleet, processing industry, quotas in the neutral waters and poaching. In addition, the cost of the Ukrainian fish is higher than imported ones, so the products lose their competitiveness. Despite significant imports of fish and fish products to Ukraine, the country continues to increase its domestic products export. In 2019, export of fish products increased by almost 10% compared to 2018, and the Ukrainian producing companies continue to open new sales markets for their products in different countries of the world. Due to limited access to the open sea and a relatively small coastline, almost all Eastern and Central European countries are not among the leaders in fish industry and seafood production. To provide the population with fish and fish products in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, fish are caught intensively in inland waters, as well as, this region is actively restoring its traditional aquaculture systems. In Central and Eastern Europe, the fish processing industry has made great strides in the quality of fishery products, sanitation, transport and supply chain traceability. Practical implications. Currently, fish industry in almost all countries of Central and Eastern Europe is going through a problematic time that has developed due to a number of difficulties in the states, namely: financial ones, a breach of economic ties, the deterioration of the ecological status of the inland waters, an insufficient amount of work to restore fish stocks. This significantly affects the reduction in cultivating and catching the commercial fish in inland waters and in general. The results of the analysis of the economic situation of Ukraine in the fishing industry and the tendencies of possible changes indicate that negative patterns in its development will not be overcome in the absence of state support for the industry. To ensure the development of the fishing industry, the state must restructure the tax and customs policy, and its financing should be carried out at the expense of the state budget. Funding should also be provided for the organizations engaged in the fish stocks study, conservation and reproduction, as well as for the research organizations that carry out the thematic work of national importance. Many transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe have experienced declining in production intensity due to reduced fish farming costs. But in spite of everything, the fisheries of this region continue to grow and develop intensively.

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Klein, Oliver. « Transnational Networks of Pork Production : Fragile Linkages between Germany and CEE Countries ». European Spatial Research and Policy 25, n^o 1 (14 août 2018) : 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.25.1.06.

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The intention of this paper is to explore the internationalization efforts of German pork producers towards Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) with a special focus on recent dynamics, market development strategies and policy conditions. The added-value potentials offered by CEE countries have become increasingly lucrative for the German pork industry, particularly as the domestic market currently shows a certain degree of saturation in terms of consumption. The results of this study which is mainly based on qualitative interviews with selected pork producers from North-West Germany reveal that transnational pork production networks between Germany and CEE are shaped by a high degree of fragility and discontinuity. This is reflected not only by the fluctuating development of foreign trade in piglets, live hogs and pork products, but also by the uncertainty and hesitancy of the interviewed pork producers with regard to business operations in CEE markets. It will be shown that the policy conditions on the national level still have a clear impact on internationalization processes in the pork industry. The paper further illustrates that the configuration of transnational pork production networks can be explained, in part, by insights from the global production networks (GPN) and the agri-food geographies literature.

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Smith, Robert, et Gerard McElwee. « The “horse-meat” scandal : illegal activity in the food supply chain ». Supply Chain Management : An International Journal 26, n^o 5 (28 mai 2021) : 565–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-08-2019-0292.

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Purpose Food supply chain theory and practice generally assumes that the business practices and processes involved are ethical, legal and value-adding when this is not always so, as demonstrated by the ongoing 2013 horse-meat scandal. Although it is ostensibly a UK-based affair, it encompasses the meat processing industry across Europe. This study, thus, aims to examine supply chain criminality and to highlight “scandal scripts” which amplify underlying issues. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of extant literature on the scandal adds to that body of work, updating the existing narrative to include a detailed analysis of convicted “industry insiders”, highlighting supply chain issues involved in the frauds. Micro-stories of businessmen involved are presented to enable an empirical exploration of their illegal involvement in the meat trade. Using storied data from accounts of the scandal as contemporary examples, emerging themes and issues are outlined through a mixed methods qualitative approach consisting of ethical covert research, using documentary research strategy underpinned by narrative inquiry. Findings Media coverage perpetuated various myths notably that the fraud was carried out by “shadowy”, Eastern European “mafia figures” exploiting the extended food supply chains. The analysis is aided by the use of media hypothesis. Far from being a mafia-inspired fraud, the criminal activity was organised in nature and committed by insider businessmen. The findings demonstrate that supply chains are complex and require an understanding of storied business practices, including the ethical and illegal. Research limitations/implications From an academic perspective, there are implications such as the dearth of academic research and policy-related studies into food fraud possibly because of the difficulty in obtaining data because of access to such enterprises and entrepreneurs necessitating reliance upon documentary sources and investigative journalism. Practical implications There are distinct policy implications, particularly the need to legislate against international criminal conspiracies and everyday ordinary organised food frauds perpetuated. Lax penalties do little to prevent such crimes which need to be taken more seriously by the authorities, and treated as major crime. In formulating food laws, rules and regulations, greater cognisance should be taken to consider how supply chains in the food industry could be better protected from predatory criminal actions. Originality/value This novel qualitative study will enable academics and practitioners to better understand illegal enterprise, food fraud and risk management from both operational and supply chain perspectives and will be useful to investigators by furthering our understanding of entrepreneurial practice and morality in the food industry.

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MRAČKOVÁ, AGNESA, MILAN ŠIMEK, EVA HAVIAROVÁ et ZOLTÁN PÁSZTORY. « HARDWOOD TRADE IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE ». WOOD RESEARCH 66(6) 2021 66, n^o 6 (20 décembre 2021) : 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/66.6.10641075.

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This study focuses on trade of hardwood products in selected countries of Eastern Europe, specifically the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. It was supported by a survey conducted with companies producing products made of hardwoods. It monitors trade trends in the wood products industry, specifically focusing on lumber, wooden veneers, furniture production, musical instruments, and wooden accessories. It also addresses the current and potential import and use of the US hardwood lumber in these countries. The study is also pointing out the shortcomings of the monitored markets. The online questionnaire and follow-up phone calls were used to obtain information from companies in countries of interest. Results showed that 83.3% of Czech respondents already use imported hardwoods in their production, followed by Hungary (69.2%) and Slovakia (54.6%). Despite the relatively high values of imported hardwood products, the overall results show that there is only a small potential for an increase in import of the US hardwoods in the wood products industry in chosen countries. The utilization of tropical hardwood species will continue because of their superior properties for specialized products such as musical instruments. Results also point out the grooving importance of certified hardwoods, their utilization, and trade.

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Bojnec, Stefan, et Imre Ferto. « Agro-food trade sustainability in Central and Eastern Europe ». International Journal of Sustainable Economy 1, n^o 1 (2008) : 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2008.020019.

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Andreosso-O’Callaghan, Bernadette, et Camilla A. Noonan. « European Intra-Industry Trade Emerging Industrial Specialization in Central and Eastern Europe ». Journal of World Trade 30, Issue 6 (1 décembre 1996) : 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1996048.

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Aturupane, Chonira, Simeon Djankov et Bernard Hoekman. « Horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade between Eastern Europe and the European union ». Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, n^o 1 (mars 1999) : 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708159.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

CHOBANOVA, Yordanka. « MNEs in the CEECs : shaping the microeconomic architecture of states in the context of EU integration : the cases of Unilever, Nestlé and InBev ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10461.

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Defence date: 13 December 2007
Examining Board: Prof. Martin Rhodes, (University of Denver/EUI) ; Prof. Colin Crouch, (Warwick Business School) ; Prof. Rajneesh Narula, (Reading Business School) ; Prof. Mladen Velev, (Technical University Sofia)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Using Systems of Innovation Approach (SI) and International Business (IB) literature, this dissertation analyzes the level of embeddedness of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). MNEs are discussed as they link the economy of the host country with the global economy by their regional and global networks. The expansion and successful embeddedness of West European multinational firms is crucial for the industrial integration of CEECs into the EU. The focus of the study is on the largest food processing companies, which invested in the region : namely Nestlé, Unilever and InBev. The dissertation discusses the motives of investment and the entry strategies of food MNEs, outlines their contribution to the local development and stresses the national actors as forces to embedded FDI. The research discovered that EU membership facilitated the processes of global reorganizations of Nestlé, Unilever and InBev in CEE. All of the three MNEs, which form the object of this research, closed partially or completely plants all over CEE (and Western Europe). Hence, in a liberal trade regime it is very difficult to talk about long-term embeddedness of MNEs. It seems that the global strategies of the companies and the size of the market are the factor, which pre-determines the level of embeddedness of food MNEs in a certain economy and not so much the national actors and institutions.

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Muchara, Binganidzo. « Analysis of food value chains in smallholder crop and livestock enterprises in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1000983.

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The study was conducted in Mbozi and Ciko villages in Mbhashe Local Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Two irrigation projects in the area were studied. Consumers and agricultural commodity traders in Willowvale Town, Dutywa, Butterworth and East London were also interviewed. The major objective of the study is to profile and map cabbage, maize and cattle food value chains broadly, and to understand their nature, constraints and opportunities in smallholder agriculture. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used in which the first stage involved selecting the local government areas. This was followed by the selection of the district and then the respondents. A total of 168 participants were sampled in the proportion of 82 smallholder farmers, 41 consumers, 26 hawkers and 20 agricultural commodity traders. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also used during the data collection process. Value Chain mapping was done using the commodity based approach. All value chains under study indicated that they are short and commodities were transacted in unprocessed form. As cabbages and maize move from the farm to retail outlets, value addition start to take place through transportation to the market and processing in supermarkets. The cattle value chain however does not have a forward linkage beyond the two administrative boundaries of the two communities. Less than 3% of the farmers traded livestock, and this was mostly through private sales to neighbours. The farmers‘ major goal in agricultural production is assumed to be an important aspect in lengthening the value chain. As such, results of a Pearson‘s correlation exercise indicated that there is a significant relationship at 0.05% level between goals of the farmers and the village of origin. Some factors that showed significance (p=0.05) in influencing farmers‘ goals are membership of an irrigation project and household sources of income. An analysis of determinants of technical efficiency at farm level was performed using the stochastic frontier model for cabbage, maize and cattle enterprises. The results showed that rainfall adequacy, input costs, market channels and quantity sold are important determinants of cabbage production efficiency. On the other hand, maize production efficiency is positively determined by market price, area under production and rainfall adequacy. Market related variables are major drivers of the cattle value chain efficiency and these include cattle prices, market satisfaction, market channel and farm labour.

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Di, Mauro Francesca A. « Essays on foreign direct investment and economic integration : a gravity approach ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211356.

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Rasenko, Elena. « Potential for Agricultural Trade between China and Central and Eastern Europe within the 16+1 Framework ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388748.

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The goal of the following paper is to analyse the trade potential for Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and China in the trade of food products. Even though the trade in food products is comparably low, there are several reasons why it is worth a deeper analysis. Food security is having an important role in the Chinese domestic politics. Due to environmental, socio- economic and demographic changes, China cannot be self-sufficient and is therefore dependent on food imports. Since the introduction of the One Belt One Road Initiative and the 16+1 framework, China aims to improve the cooperation and trade in food commodities with participating countries. CEE can be a reliable partner because it produces high quality products with comparative advantages. With the help of the Gravity Model, the effects of the 16+1 framework was estimated, as well as the trade potential. Following the results, the introduction of the 16+1 framework has a positive and significant effect on agricultural trade between CEE and China. However, only five countries have potential to increase their food exports to China, while the remaining eleven already exceed their food exports. China on the other hand, is exporting below its potential in most of the cases.

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Royle, Tony. « Just Vote No ! Union-busting in the European Fast-food Industry : The Case of McDonald's ». 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6593.

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No
This paper examines the problem of effectively regulating the labour relations practices of multinational corporations. It focuses on the activities of the McDonald's Corporation in a number of European countries. The findings suggest that public and private codes of conduct have a very limited effect and that determined and well-resourced corporations can not only undermine regional forms of regulation - such as that provided by the European Union - but also, and to a considerable extent, national-level regulation. This is particularly evident in the area of independent trade union representation. Although its aim of avoiding collective bargaining and union recognition wherever possible is only partially successful, McDonald's appears to have developed a number of highly effective strategies for limiting the presence of trade unions at restaurant level, particularly in avoiding or undermining statutory works councils and union representation rights.

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Livres sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

A, Miller F., et University of Reading. Centre for Agricultural Strategy., dir. Eastern Europe : Opportunities and needs for food and agriculture. Reading : Centre for Agricultural Strategy, University of Reading, 1993.

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Brosig, Stephan, et Heinrich Hockmann. How effective is the invisible hand ? : Agricultural and food markets in Central and Eastern Europe. Halle : IAMO, 2006.

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Chobanova, Yordanka. Strategies of multinationals in Central and Eastern Europe : Innovation systems and embeddedness. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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The food revolution in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Boulder : Westview Press, 1986.

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Strategies of multinationals in Central and Eastern Europe : Innovation systems and embeddedness. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Trade and co-operation between the socialist countries of Eastern Europe and the developing countries in the field of food and agriculture : Study. [New York : United Nations], 1985.

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Pomeranz, Y. Travel to Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland, June 8, 1991 to June 24, 1991 : Review plans for direct ag-related USDA programs in Eastern Europe. Pullman, Wash : IMPACT, International Marketing Program for Agricultural Commodities & Trade, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1991.

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Nenov, Zhivko Ivanov. Trade and co-operation between the socialist countries of Eastern Europe and the developing countries in the field of food and agriculture. New York : United Nations, 1985.

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Nenov, Zhivko Ivanov. Trade and co-operation between the socialist countries of Eastern Europe and the developing countries in the field of food and agriculture : Study. New York : United Nations, 1985.

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Non-Members), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development CCNM (Centre for Co-operation with. Agricultural policies in emerging and transition economies 1999. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

Chobanova, Yordanka. « Privatization and Restructuring in the Agro-Food Industry ». Dans Strategies of Multinationals in Central and Eastern Europe, 75–93. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250956_4.

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Stark, Eija. « Forced into Trade Out of Necessity : Working-Class Narratives on Petty Trade ». Dans Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960, 277–96. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_12.

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AbstractThe chapter approaches petty trade as a form of livelihood among working-class people and as the visible sign of consumerism as represented in personal narratives. Using written autobiographies of peasant Finns, the chapter points to the strategies of petty trade for coping with poverty, and its social consequences, during the rise and formation of the modern welfare state. Although industrialization, economic growth, and consumption rose gradually from 1900 onward, most Finns earned their scanty living from a combination of various livelihoods, such as farming, wood industry works, and small-scale trade of food products, pastries, and needlework.

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Gieysztor, Aleksander. « Trade and Industry in Eastern Europe Before 1200 ». Dans The Cambridge Economic History of Europe from the Decline of the Roman Empire, 474–524. Cambridge University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521087094.009.

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Fertő, Imre, et Károly Attila Soós. « Intra-Industry Trade Between the Old EU and the NMS Before Enlargement ». Dans Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe, 95–118. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845210049-95.

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Fertő, Imre, et Károly Attila Soós. « Institutional Reforms and Evolution of Industry, Trade, Technology in the EU’s New Borderland ». Dans Economic Restructuring and Integration in Eastern Europe, 397–412. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845210049-397.

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von Tunzelmann, Nick, et Frédérique Charpiot-Michaud. « Food Processing in Western and Eastern Europe : From Supply-driven Towards Demand-driven Progress ». Dans The Globalization of Industry and Innovation in Eastern Europe, 161–84. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781782542308.00015.

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Williams, Bruce. « Geographies of Carnality : Slippery Sexuality in Wiktor Grodecki’s Gay Hustler Trilogy ». Dans The Cinematic Bodies of Eastern Europe and Russia. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405140.003.0008.

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In the years following the fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia, and the Velvet Divorce between the Czech Republic and Slovakia, Polish-born director Wiktor Grodecki explored the world of teenage males in Prague’s burgeoning sex trade in a trilogy comprised of two documentaries and one feature. While Not Angels but Angels (1994) documents the underworld of young hustlers, Body without Soul (1996) focuses on under-aged boys in the porn industry. The feature film, Mandragora, combines the two themes. Grodecki ties these sexual dynamics to both the socio-economic dynamics of post-communism and the unique geographical positioning of the Czech Republic on the divide between East and West. All the while lying further west than Vienna, Prague is viewed by the international sex-trade clients as an exotic realm where there are less restrictions on sexual pleasure than in Western Europe.

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Ivolga, Ivan. « Adaptation of the Russian Food Market to the Contemporary Geopolitical Challenges ». Dans Urban Agriculture and Food Systems, 87–114. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8063-8.ch005.

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Domestic markets of agricultural commodities are increasingly influenced by trade integration and liberalization. Current uncertain political and economic relations in the macro-region of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Eastern and Western Europe, international tensions around Russia-Ukraine problem, bilateral economic and trade sanctions between Russia and such global economic powers as the USA and the EU transform market patterns and affect agricultural production, rural development and food security in both the CIS and worldwide. The chapter aims to discover the expected influences of such trade restrictions on trade in agricultural commodities, to assess the degree of distortion and return effects on domestic food markets. Chapter specifically addresses possible effects of trade restrictions between the EU, the USA, and other countries from one side, and Russia from the other, particularly imposed ban on agricultural trade. It is concluded with the overview of the expected influences of trade tensions on Russia's domestic food market.

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Ivolga, Ivan. « Adaptation of the Russian Food Market to the Contemporary Geopolitical Challenges ». Dans Global Perspectives on Trade Integration and Economies in Transition, 185–211. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0451-1.ch010.

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Yaschuk, Sergey, et Yulia Gvozdetska. « STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY OF THE ENGINEER-PEDAGOGUE OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY AND THE EFFECT ON THEIR ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL PREPARATION ». Dans Development trends in pedagogical and psychological sciences : the experience of countries of Eastern Europe and prospects of Ukraine. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-571-27-5_13.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

Mikulić, Davor, Damira Keček et Željko Lovrinčević. « EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TOURISM SECTOR USING INPUT-OUTPUT ANALYSIS : THE CASE OF CROATIA ». Dans Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021 : ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.29.

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Purpose – The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on tourism and other economic sectors included in the tourism value chain in Croatia. The evaluation of total effects is important in order to evaluate effectiveness of policy measures introduced by Croatian government. Methodology – The estimation of COVID -19 effects on Croatian economy is based on standard input-output model. The open I-O model quantifies indirect effects generated in the tourism value added chain. Closed I-O model estimates induced effects related to the decrease in the net disposable income of the employees which participated in the tourism sector production chain. Findings – Strong reduction in international tourism caused by COVID -19 resulted in significant decrease in activity of many other industries. Besides hotels and restaurant, the most affected sectors were transport, trade, food industry, sports and entertainment services. Total value of indirect and induced tourism effects is bigger than value of direct effects in terms of employment and value added because of multiplier effect. Government subsidies in the form of income support for companies which retained employees have only short-term and limited effects. Negative COVID -19 effects were partially mitigated by output rise in other domestic sectors. GDP decline was more pronounced than GVA since indirect taxes, notably VAT and excise duties were particularly sensitive to negative trends in tourism activity. Contribution – The methodology applied provides the reliable analytical background for analyses of impact of negative exogenous shock affecting tourism and total Croatian economy and assessment of government policy response effectiveness

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Cieślik, Ewa. « THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AND CHINESE DIGITAL SILK ROAD ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0018.

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Over the recent decades, the changes in the paradigm of international trade have been observed. As the result of decreasing of trade barriers as well as the reduction in trade costs allowed companies to divide their production into stages and to locate it in different countries according to their competitive advantage. Eventually, the production process has become more fragmented, both geographically and vertically. It means that intermediate products are shipped across boarders many times and every exporting economy provides some value added according to its competitive advantage. As a result, global value chains have become one of the most important feature of international trade. Following (Gereffi & Fernandez-Stark, 2011), in this study global value chains are defined as “the full range of activities that firms and workers do to bring a product from its conception to its end use”. Humphrey and Schmitz (2002) pointed out four types of upgrading in global value chains: product, process, functional and chain. Product and process upgrading involve companies retaining their positions in global value chains by enhancing productivity gains through adopting new product processes or “new configurations of product mix”. Thus, functional upgrading involves a slicing up the global value chains into new activity which generates higher value added, e.g. own brand manufacturing. In turn, chain upgrading involves a going up to new activity, which needs higher skills and capital and value added. Milberg and Winkler (2013) offered similar classifications of upgrading. Production fragmentation has caused a rapid increase in trade in intermediate goods as often companies offshore an intermediate stage of production process. Offshoring production has been typical to manufacturing (Timmer, et al., 2012), however, services have been often overlooked, but play a major role, especially in supporting global value chains (Kommerskollegium 2013). In turn, Digital Silk Road, announced in 2015, has become a significant part of Chinese Belt and Road Initiative strategy. China has implemented this strategy as a part of its long-term technological plan, under which China provides support to its exporters, including many well-known technology companies and builds a network of cooperation with selected countries in the field of technology, including ICT infrastructure, services, 5G networks, e-commerce, etc. China's rapid technological changes must not go unnoticed by trading partners, including analysed European countries, which, to maintain international competitiveness, are increasing the technological advancement and enhancing market protection against Chinese technology. Until recently, the value added from China to European countries was concentrated mainly on medium technology industries and value added from Europe to China focused more on advanced goods and services. Nowadays, there is a redirection of Chinese value added to high-tech activities (including service activities), which reflects China's ambition to build an economy that leads to innovation and industry 4.0. The transition of the CEE states’ economic and political systems initiated in the early 1990s, earned them the EU membership in 2004. The accession to the EU’s structures meant that these countries achieved the free-market economy status and they should be treated as the full member of the global business networks. Moreover, the decline in trade costs (transport and transaction), greater openness of their market and the removal of trade barriers have all helped the CEE states to join global value chains. Hence, the CEE economies are going to be more heavily involved in global production linkages. Many empirical studies have presented the close and dynamic integration of these countries with the EU market (especially the EU-15) and in a more limited scope with the whole global economy as well (Behar and Freund 2011). Generally, democratisation, the strengthening of political and economic relations (particularly with the EU), and the modernisation of many sectors (including financial sector, more advanced industries), were common elements of the CEE countries long-term development policies. One of their priorities was the redirection of foreign trade towards the EU and joining the global production linkages where China has become the core producer. Recently, the role of the economy in global value chains is more determined by the advancement of value added that it offers. Companies move toward services and innovations in the business model (Nenenen & Storbacka, 2010) and introduce industry 4.0 (Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, 2016). A symptom of these novelty is a concept of servicification of manufacturing (Neely et al. 2011) and cross-sectoral connections, which have reconstructed traditional global value chains (Naude et al. 2019) and, together with Industry 4.0, is expected to change the landscape of global manufacturing. As a result of facilitation of manufacturing, economies placed in the downstream market can improve their role in global value chains. In Europe, this can be an opportunity for most Central and Eastern European countries. Analyzing changes in CEE’s role in technological global value chains, we should take into account its two most important value-added suppliers: China and Germany, as well as their most important value-added buyer - Germany. These three economies established a sort of value added flows triangle. The regional supply chains built by Germany in the CEE allowed it to maintain a comparative advantage in sectors important for the economy, while helping the CEE countries join global value chains, positively influencing economic growth, but also reducing them to entities operating in less advanced stages of production (Jacoby, 2010; Fortwengel, 2011). Today, Germany also cooperates strongly with China (as a result of Digital Silk Road), and the CEE economies (especially the Visegrad Group) are increasingly dependent on Chinese value added, still linked to German value added. The most visible connections can be found in automotive and electronics. Hence, the question is: how strong are these links in servicification of manufacturing and whether there are visible trends in value-added flows in between this triangle in the era of industry 4.0 and Chinese Digital Silk Road. The research question seems to be relevant, thus in the subject literature, little is known about the mentioned relations (Roland Berger, 2021). The research method based on the analysis of data from the OECD Trade in Value Added databases, containing the world input-output tables for the period 2005–2018. The system of balance equations in the input-output model for one economy has been adopted to a multi-economy model. The model is described in more detail in (Koopman et al. 2013 or Hummels et al, 2001) and is based on the decomposition of gross exports. The method includes not only estimates of total value added in global value chains, but also calculations at both the mezoeconomic level and cross-sectoral flows of value added (including servicification of manufacturing). The results of analysis showed that most relations between economies continued to deepen the imbalance in flows of value added. The CEE economies are making their manufacturing increasingly dependent on advanced services (both from Germany and China). On the other hand, the share of CEE services to Chinese and German manufacturing is decreasing or remains steady. However, some trends could be observed in the last years, especially between Germany and China. German manufacturing is starting to rely more on Chinese value added (information and communication technologies services and the subgroup computer programming, consultancy and information services activities in manufacturing, information and communication technologies services' value added in transport equipment), although previously Germany provided more of these services to China. In telecommunications in manufacturing between CEE and Germany, the trend has turned against CEE. However, there was no direct compensation between pairs of economies, but the decrease in German value-added flows to China resulted in a much larger increase in value-added from China in German manufacturing. If the presented changes in flows were to reflect the effectiveness of Chinese industry 4.0 and Digital Silk Road. These strategies serve their purposes and increases not only the advancement of Chinese value-added exports, but also makes important economies dependent on this added value. On the contrary, the industry 4.0 strategy in CEE has not improved its position in the triad. Germany has still a strong position as a provider of value added, but its dependence on foreign value added is high, which derives from the links with CEE.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Food industry and trade – Europe, Eastern"

Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi et Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry : A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.

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