Articles de revues : « Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Department of Fisheries »

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Pauly, Daniel, Ma Lourdes Palomares, Rainer Froese, Pascualita Sa-a, Michael Vakily, David Preikshot et Scott Wallace. « Fishing down Canadian aquatic food webs ». Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2001) : 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-193.

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The mean trophic level (TL) of fish landed in fisheries on the east and west coasts of Canada is declining by 0.030.10·decade1, similar to global trends. This finding is based on data from United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans and other Canadian sources for the period 18731997. Significant rates of decline in mean TL were obtained even when key species Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on the east coast and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) and Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) on the west coast were omitted from the analysis. Fish taken in inland water fisheries did not exhibit a decline in mean TL. Two models were developed, based on length and age, respectively, for correcting TL estimates of individual species for the effects of changes in body size due to changes in fishing mortality. Both produced corrections that were small relative to changes in mean TL that resulted from changes in species composition of the catch over time. Overall, these results suggest that the mean TL of fish landed can be used as an index of sustainability in multispecies fisheries and that its reliability will depend on the quality of the data and length of the time series available for analysis.

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Corbin, John S. « Marine Aquaculture : Today's Necessity for Tomorrow's Seafood ». Marine Technology Society Journal 41, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2007) : 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442150.

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Aquaculture is the fastest growing segment of the global food production sector, valued at $70.3 billion in 2004. In recent years, global capture fisheries have leveled off at around 95 mmt per year, with little or no prospect of increasing yields. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UNFAO) has concluded that increases in future seafood supplies must come from aquatic farming. The United States (U.S.) industry has been among the fastest growing agriculture sectors. Domestic seafood from capture and culture fisheries provides about 20% of annual consumption, the balance coming from imports. Future supply will come from either increasing imports or, preferably, expanding domestic aquaculture and fisheries sources. The greatest opportunity for domestic growth is marine aquaculture, particularly placement of large and small farms in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Additional benefits can accrue if large-scale marine hatchery technology is developed, so that fingerlings can be produced for wild stock enhancement and management. Currently, there is no permitting and leasing regime for ocean farming in the U.S. EEZ. In response to several national commissions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC) is spearheading a bold effort to implement long-term marine aquaculture development objectives and create an EEZ permitting and leasing mechanism. Enabling legislation, entitled the National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007, is before Congress. Anchoring fish farms in the relatively shallow near shore and the EEZ is an exciting prospect for greater U.S. seafood self-sufficiency. However, there are many institutional, environmental and technical issues to resolve. More compelling is the prospect of developing new marine aquaculture technologies, e.g., single-point moorings, untethered cages, and integrated multi-trophic systems, to sustainably utilize the deep ocean beyond the EEZ. Successfully tackling this looming challenge will need the diverse expertise of the U.S. marine technology industry.

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Khiem, Nguyen Minh, Yuki Takahashi, Hiroki Yasuma, Khuu Thi Phuong Dong, Tran Ngoc Hai et Nobuo Kimura. « A novel machine learning approach to predict the export price of seafood products based on competitive information : The case of the export of Vietnamese shrimp to the US market ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 9 (29 septembre 2022) : e0275290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275290.

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Predicting the export price of shrimp is important for Vietnam’s fisheries. It not only promotes product quality but also helps policy makers determine strategies to develop the national shrimp industry. Competition in global markets is considered to be an important factor, one that significantly influences price. In this study, we predicted trends in the export price of Vietnamese shrimp based on competitive information from six leading exporters (China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Ecuador, and Chile) who, alongside Vietnam, also export shrimp to the US. The prediction was based on a dataset collected from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) (May-1995 to May-2019) that included price, required farming certificates, and disease outbreak data. A super learner technique, which combined 10 single algorithms, was used to make predictions in selected base periods (3, 6, 9, and 12 months). It was found that the super learner obtained results in all base periods that were more accurate and stable than any candidate algorithms. The impacts of variables in the predictive model were interpreted by a SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to determine their influence on the price of Vietnamese exports. The price of Indian, Thai, and Chinese exports highlighted the advantages of being a World Trade Organization member and the disadvantages of the prevalence of shrimp disease in Vietnam, which has had a significant impact on the Vietnamese shrimp export price.

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Biester, E. « Review of the state of world fishery resources. By : Marine Resources Service, Fishery Resources and Environment Division, Fisheries Department = FAO Fisheries Circular No 710, Revision 5.-64 pp., 19 tabs., 1 fig. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 74, n^o 4 (1989) : 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19890740424.

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Clodoveo, Maria Lisa. « Special Issue “Innovations in the Food System : Exploring the Future of Food” ». Foods 11, n^o 15 (22 juillet 2022) : 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11152183.

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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2018 provided a definition of “food systems” highlighting that they “encompass the entire range of actors and their interlinked value-adding activities involved in the production, aggregation, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal of food products that originate from agriculture, forestry or fisheries, and food industries, and the broader economic, societal and natural environments in which they are embedded” [...]

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Moore, Rod, et Julie Roberts Furgerson. « United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization : International Guidelines On Deep Sea Fisheries ». International Legal Materials 47, n^o 6 (décembre 2008) : 994–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900005714.

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Jamieson, B. G. « Agricultural research in the United Kingdom. Present structures of the Agricultural and Food Research Council ». Journal of Agricultural Science 113, n^o 2 (octobre 1989) : 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600086676.

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There have been considerable changes during the last ten years in the ways in which agricultural research is organized in many countries. These changes are of interest to our readers and for this reason the Editors have invited the Agricultural and Food Research Council of the United Kingdom to explain present structures within that organization. The Agricultural and Food Research Council receives funds for research directly from the Department of Education and Science (c. £54 million per year) and through commissions from the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (c. £44 million) as well as from commercial and other organizations (c. £13 million). It advises the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, which is the body responsible for the Scottish agricultural research institutes (spending c. £22 million per year), on scientific aspects of the research they finance and also provides support to universities and other educational establishments for the support of scientific studies relevant to agriculture and food.

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Caspers, H. « Fao Documentation : Fisheries 1979–1983.—175 pp. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1984 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 71, n^o 6 (1986) : 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19860710636.

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Nakamura, Julia N. « Legal Reflections on the Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines : Building a Global Safety Net for Small-Scale Fisheries ». International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 37, n^o 1 (16 février 2022) : 31–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10081.

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Abstract The Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, endorsed by the Committee on Fisheries of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2014, heightened the recognition and protection of small-scale fisheries globally. The guidelines are voluntary and non-binding, but does this mean they have no normative significance or legal force? Based on international legal theories of soft law, this article explores the legal status of the guidelines and argues that the guidelines have normative significance and legal force for three main reasons: (i) the legitimate process of development and adoption of the guidelines; (ii) the normative content of the provisions; and (iii) their law-making effects at various levels of governance. The guidelines contribute to building a global safety net for small-scale fisheries, which should continue to improve and expand thus securing the sector’s sustainability worldwide.

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Copetti, Leonardo Sangoi, et Daniel Arruda Coronel. « Competitividade das exportações brasileiras e indianas de algodão ». Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica 9, n^o 3 (19 mai 2019) : 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-684x.2018.003.0003.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras no mercado mundial do algodão, entre 2000 a 2017, em comparação ao maior produtor e segundo maior exportador mundial, a Índia. Os dados foram coletados no site do USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), do UN COMTRADE (United Nations Comtrade), da FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) e da WTO (World Trade Organization). A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (VCRS), na Razão de Concentração (CR), e no Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR). Os resultados revelaram que tanto o Brasil quanto a Índia apresentaram vantagens comparativas para o algodão a partir de 2004. Em relação à CR, o Brasil apresentou concentração e a Índia desconcentração das exportações. O IOR indicou orientação das exportações de algodão do Brasil à Indonésia, ao Vietnã e à Turquia. Já o IOR da Índia apresentou orientação das exportações de algodão para Bangladesh, Vietnã e Paquistão.

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Copetti, Leonardo Sangoi, et Daniel Arruda Coronel. « Competitividade das exportações brasileiras e colombianas de café ». DRd - Desenvolvimento Regional em debate 9 (29 octobre 2019) : 646–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24302/drd.v9i0.2218.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar a competitividade das exportações brasileiras no mercado mundial do café, entre 2000 a 2018, em comparação ao terceiro produtor e exportador mundial, a Colômbia. Os dados foram coletados no site do USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), do UN COMTRADE (United Nations Comtrade), da FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) e da WTO (World Trade Organization). A metodologia empregada baseou-se no Índice de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (VCRS), na Razão de Concentração (CR), e no Índice de Orientação Regional (IOR). Os resultados revelaram que tanto o Brasil quanto a Colômbia apresentaram vantagens comparativas para o café. Em relação à CR, o Brasil apresentou concentração e a Colômbia, desconcentração das exportações. O IOR indicou orientação das exportações de café do Brasil à Alemanha, à Itália, e aos Estados Unidos. Já o IOR da Colômbia apresentou orientação das exportações de café aos Estados Unidos, à Alemanha e ao Japão. Palavras-Chave: Café. Competitividade. Exportações. Comércio Internacional.

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Schubert, Aidan, Wanja Nyingi, Paul Tuda, Christopher M. Aura, Kevin Obiero, Julius Manyala, Ian G. Cowx et al. « Reconstructing Kenya's total freshwater fisheries catches : 1950–2017 ». Marine and Freshwater Research 73, n^o 1 (2022) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21189.

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Most freshwater fisheries occur in developing countries, where freshwater fish underpin local food security and small-scale fisheries livelihoods. Comprehensive catch data are fundamental to support the sustainable management of freshwater fisheries. However, freshwater catch data reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on behalf of countries under-represent freshwater fisheries because they are dominated by fragmented and highly dispersed small-scale sectors, often with no designated landing sites. Kenya is an emerging economy with socioeconomically important freshwater fisheries and ongoing food security concerns. We undertook a reconstruction of freshwater fisheries catch data for Kenya for the period 1950–2017, aiming to improve the comprehensiveness of existing reported baseline data and to provide a more ecologically and spatially relevant time series dataset for research and management uses. We reconstructed catches for 16 major waterbodies in Kenya and found catches to be 32% higher than the data reported by the FAO on behalf of the country. The subsistence sector (small-scale, non-commercial, personal consumption) accounted for 71% of unreported catches, compared with 29% for artisanal sector catches (small-scale, commercial), suggesting that non-commercial catches for direct local consumption are substantially under-represented in nationally reported statistics and should receive greater attention to support sustainable food security in Kenya.

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YOUNG, MARGARET A. « Fragmentation or interaction : the WTO, fisheries subsidies, and international law ». World Trade Review 8, n^o 4 (17 septembre 2009) : 477–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745609990140.

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AbstractSubsidies to the fishing sector have trade and ecological consequences, especially for fisheries that are over-exploited. In response, WTO members are negotiating to clarify and improve the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Yet significant legal challenges constrain this ongoing effort because fisheries conservation and management matters are often addressed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, instruments of the Food and Agriculture Organization, and other legal regimes to which some WTO members have not consented. This article analyses modes of learning and information exchange within the WTO regime, and compares the proposed use of standards, benchmarks, and peer review in the draft fisheries subsidies rules with existing arrangements between the WTO and organizations such as the OECD and product standard-setting bodies. It argues that novel deliberative strategies of regime interaction are more important in resolving the challenges posed by international law's fragmentation than adherence to strict mandates or legal hierarchies.

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Muzekenyi, Mike, Farai Nyika et Muhammad Hoque. « A Small-Scale Farming Intervention Plan for Inclusive Economic Development in Rural South Africa ». International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, n^o 2 (25 juin 2023) : 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i2.136.

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Small-scale commercial farming firms play a critical role in achieving the objectives of the African Union’s Agenda 2063, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the rural economies of Sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa has a sizeable number of households engaged in small-scale agriculture to supply rural market demand. Small scale commercial agriculture has become a key source of revenue, employment, and food security for communities in rural areas. As such, the South African government has been assisting small-scale farmers financially via the Micro-Agriculture Finance Institutions of South Africa and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. This support aims to alleviate poverty, create jobs, and improve food security by promoting small-scale commercial farming, primarily in rural areas. Despite this assistance, there is no clear strategy for achieving significant and evidence-based development. This study outlines a four-step intervention strategy for promoting small-scale commercial farming as a strategy for rural economic development in South Africa. These steps include defining a small-scale farming development strategy, and delineating production, performance, policy, and control measures.

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Stokes, Gretchen L., Abigail J. Lynch, Benjamin S. Lowe, Simon Funge-Smith, John Valbo‐Jørgensen et Samuel J. Smidt. « COVID-19 pandemic impacts on global inland fisheries ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 47 (2 novembre 2020) : 29419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014016117.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to environmental recovery in some ecosystems from a global “anthropause,” yet such evidence for natural resources with extraction or production value (e.g., fisheries) is limited. This brief report provides a data-driven global snapshot of expert-perceived impacts of COVID-19 on inland fisheries. We distributed an online survey assessing perceptions of inland fishery pressures in June and July 2020 to basin-level inland fishery experts (i.e., identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations across the global North and South); 437 respondents from 79 countries addressed 93 unique hydrological basins, accounting for 82.1% of global inland fish catch. Based on the responses analyzed against extrinsic fish catch and human development index data, pandemic impacts on inland fisheries 1) add gradation to the largely positive environmental narrative of the global pandemic and 2) identify that basins of higher provisioning value are perceived to experience greater fishery pressures but may have limited compensatory capacity to mitigate COVID-19 impacts along with negative pressures already present.

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Penuelas, Josep, Tamás Krisztin, Michael Obersteiner, Florian Huber, Hannes Winner, Ivan A. Janssens, Philippe Ciais et Jordi Sardans. « Country-Level Relationships of the Human Intake of N and P, Animal and Vegetable Food, and Alcoholic Beverages with Cancer and Life Expectancy ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 19 (3 octobre 2020) : 7240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197240.

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Background: The quantity, quality, and type (e.g., animal and vegetable) of human food have been correlated with human health, although with some contradictory or neutral results. We aimed to shed light on this association by using the integrated data at country level. Methods: We correlated elemental (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) compositions and stoichiometries (N:P ratios), molecular (proteins) and energetic traits (kilocalories) of food of animal (terrestrial or aquatic) and vegetable origin, and alcoholic beverages with cancer prevalence and mortality and life expectancy (LE) at birth at the country level. We used the official databases of United Nations (UN), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank, World Health Organization (WHO), U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health, and Eurobarometer, while also considering other possibly involved variables such as income, mean age, or human development index of each country. Results: The per capita intakes of N, P, protein, and total intake from terrestrial animals, and especially alcohol were significantly and positively associated with prevalence and mortality from total, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. In contrast, high per capita intakes of vegetable N, P, N:P, protein, and total plant intake exhibited negative relationships with cancer prevalence and mortality. However, a high LE at birth, especially in underdeveloped countries was more strongly correlated with a higher intake of food, independent of its animal or vegetable origin, than with other variables, such as higher income or the human development index. Conclusions: Our analyses, thus, yielded four generally consistent conclusions. First, the excessive intake of terrestrial animal food, especially the levels of protein, N, and P, is associated with higher prevalence of cancer, whereas equivalent intake from vegetables is associated with lower prevalence. Second, no consistent relationship was found for food N:P ratio and cancer prevalence. Third, the consumption of alcoholic beverages correlates with prevalence and mortality by malignant neoplasms. Fourth, in underdeveloped countries, reducing famine has a greater positive impact on health and LE than a healthier diet.

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Karavias, Markos. « Interactions between International Law and Private Fisheries Certification ». Transnational Environmental Law 7, n^o 1 (2 août 2017) : 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102517000139.

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AbstractThe management of fisheries at the international level is no longer the exclusive preserve of states and international organizations. The proliferation of private certification initiatives – the reach of which defies territorial boundaries – has heralded an era of transnational fisheries governance. Whereas the interactions between private standards and national regulation have attracted scholarly attention, the function of international law in the context of transnational fisheries governance is largely unexplored. This article maps the interactions between international fisheries law and the most prominent among private certification standards, namely the Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Standard and Guidance (MSC FSG). The article proposes a methodology to assess such interactions at the stage of norm development and argues that the interactions between the two regimes are multidirectional and complex. International law serves as a model for private standard setting and as a yardstick for private decision making. Conversely, the MSC FSG has acted as a model for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Ecolabelling Guidelines. Moreover, the MSC FSG may constitute a benchmark for resolutions adopted by regional fisheries management organizations. The MSC FSG, in incorporating international fisheries law, affirms the latter’s resilience as a global point of reference for the management of fisheries globally. Yet, at the same time, by prompting states to comply with their international obligations in order to secure market access for their fishing industry, the MSC FSG may be exposing the inability of international law to generate compliance autonomously.

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Dębowski, Piotr, Rafał Bernaś, Michał Skóra et Jacek Morzuch. « Route selection, migration speed, and mortality of silver eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities ». Fisheries & ; Aquatic Life 28, n^o 3 (18 novembre 2020) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2020-0016.

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AbstractThe European eel is a highly threatened species according the European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The recruitment of this species has collapsed over the last fifty years primarily because of the destruction of free migration routes and overfishing. One of the most important factors linked to population decline is mortality during catadromous migration caused by hydroelectric facilities. The aim of the present study was to assess the mortality rate of silvers eel passing through two small hydroelectric facilities. Total mortality at the site was 5%, but it was 15% for fish passing through the two hydroelectric facilities. However, the cumulative mortality in the river basin studied, which has many hydroelectric facilities, indicated that silver eel escapement from the Słupia drainage basin was very low.

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JAMES, KELSEY C., REBECCA L. LEWISON, PETER W. DILLINGHAM, K. ALEXANDRA CURTIS et JEFFREY E. MOORE. « Drivers of retention and discards of elasmobranch non-target catch ». Environmental Conservation 43, n^o 1 (21 mai 2015) : 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000168.

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SUMMARYTo address growing concern over the effects of fisheries non-target catch on elasmobranchs worldwide, the accurate reporting of elasmobranch catch is essential. This requires data on a combination of measures, including reported landings, retained and discarded non-target catch, and post-discard survival. Identification of the factors influencing discard versus retention is needed to improve catch estimates and to determine wasteful fishing practices. To do this, retention rates of elasmobranch non-target catch in a broad subset of fisheries throughout the world were compared by taxon, fishing country, and gear. A regression tree and random forest analysis indicated that taxon was the most important determinant of retention in this dataset, but all three factors together explained 59% of the variance. Estimates of total elasmobranch removals were calculated by dividing the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) global elasmobranch landings by average retention rates, and suggest that total elasmobranch removals may exceed FAO reported landings by as much as 400%. This analysis is the first effort to directly characterize global drivers of discards for elasmobranch non-target catch. The results highlight the importance of accurate quantification of retention and discard rates to improve assessments of the potential impacts of fisheries on these species.

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Wu, Feng, Zhengfei Guan et Alicia Whidden. « Overview of the US and Mexico Strawberry Industries ». EDIS 2016, n^o 1 (16 février 2016) : 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-fe971-2015.

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The statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations indicate that world production of strawberries has exceeded 4 million metric tons since 2007. With a total production of 1.4 million tons (3 billion pounds) in 2012, the United States is the largest producer among countries where statistical data are available, accounting for about 30% of the world supply. Production in Mexico increased from 140 thousand tons to 360 thousand tons, making Mexico the second-largest strawberry producer in the world. This 4-page fact sheet provides an overview of the US and Mexican strawberry industries, paying special attention to the trade relations between the two countries. Written by Feng Wu, Zhengfei Guan, and Alicia Whidden, and published by the UF Food and Resource Economics Department, November 2015. (Photo credit: anna1311/istock/Thinkstock) FE971/FE971: An Overview of the US and Mexico Strawberry Industries (ufl.edu)

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Saygı, Hülya, Aysun Kop, Hatice Tekoğul et Özgür Altan. « Orta Doğu Ülkelerinin Su Ürünleri Üretimi ». Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, n^o 10 (2 octobre 2018) : 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1422-1430.2058.

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The main aim of this study is to estimate the future of the aquaculture of Middle Eastern Countries for the year 2030 by time series analysis method. In addition, it is a classification and clustering based on fisheries production, import, export and consumption data with basic component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods for Middle Eastern countries. FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) used the statistics of fisheries products of the Middle East countries between 1950 and 2016. Time series, clustering and factor analysis were applied to these data. As a result of the time series analysis, the aquaculture production will end up in Kuwait, Libya and Syria if the current situation continues. Also, in other countries, production for 2030 is projected to be lowest for Jordan and the highest for Egypt. Accordingly, the total amount of aquaculture production in the Middle East countries is estimated to be 4.8 million tons in 2030. In the PCA, according to PC1; Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates and according to PC2; Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Tunisia and Yemen have been associated with high rates, respectively. According to the HCA; first cluster, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Cyprus, Iraq; 2nd cluster Israel, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Tunisia, Oman and Yemen; 3rd cluster Saudi Arabia; 4. Cluster consists of Iran, Turkey and Egypt. According to the results of this study, the aquaculture of these countries should be examined in more detail. It is also recommended that countries implement the necessary regulations in fisheries policies.

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TOUKOUROU, Youssouf, et Jerry A. DEHOUEGNON. « Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural activities and food security : the case of the Republic of Benin ». Annales de l’Université de Parakou - Série Sciences Naturelles et Agronomie 11, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56109/aup-sna.v11i2.70.

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An analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on agricultural activities and the food security of populations in Benin has been carried out. The objective of the study is to compare the level of agricultural production during the period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic with that of the years 2020 and 2021. The methodological approach adopted boils down to the collection, compilation and qualitative analysis of data from the publication of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Analysis (INSAE) as well as the study reports of the Ministry in charge of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (MAEP).The study shows that during the 2019-2020 campaign, total agricultural production amounted to 11,423,495 tons. This production fell during the 2020-2021 campaign to 10,797,383 tonnes, thus recording a drop of 5.48%. Are mainly concerned, products such as roots and tubers with a drop of 7.32%, leafy vegetables with a drop of 5.69% as well as fruit vegetables with a drop of 32.24%. This negative dynamic of agricultural production illustrates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural activities, thus aggravating food security already weakened by the pangs of climatic disturbances.

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Flammini, Alessandro, Xueyao Pan, Francesco Nicola Tubiello, Sally Yue Qiu, Leonardo Rocha Souza, Roberta Quadrelli, Stefania Bracco, Philippe Benoit et Ralph Sims. « Emissions of greenhouse gases from energy use in agriculture, forestry and fisheries : 1970–2019 ». Earth System Science Data 14, n^o 2 (22 février 2022) : 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-811-2022.

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Abstract. Fossil-fuel-based energy use in agriculture leads to CO2 and non-CO2 emissions. We focus on emissions generated within the farm gate and from fisheries, providing information relative to the period 1970–2019, for both energy use, as input activity data and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Country-level information is generated from United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and International Energy Agency (IEA) data on energy in agriculture (including forestry and fisheries), relative to use of gas/diesel oil, motor gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, fuel oil and coal. Electricity used within the farm gate is also quantified, while recognizing that the associated emissions are generated elsewhere. We find that, in 2019, annual emissions from energy use in agriculture were about 523 million tonnes (Mt CO2eq yr−1), while when including electricity they were 1029 Mt CO2eq yr−1, having increased 7 % from 1990. The largest emission increase from on-farm fuel combustion was from LPG (32 %), whereas significant decreases were observed for coal (−55 %), natural gas (−50 %), motor gasoline (−42 %) and fuel oil (−37 %). Conversely, the use of electricity and the associated indirect emissions increased 3-fold over the 1990–2019 period, thus becoming the largest emission source from energy use in agriculture since 2005. Overall, the global trends were a result of counterbalancing effects: marked decreases in developed countries in 2019 compared to 1990 (−273 Mt CO2eq yr−1) were masked by slightly larger increases in developing and emerging economies (+339 Mt CO2eq yr−1). The information used in this work is available as open data at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5153241 (Tubiello and Pan, 2021). The relevant Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT) (FAO, 2021b) on emissions is maintained and updated annually by FAO.

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Erikstein, Karine, et Judith Swan. « Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance : A New Tool to Conquer IUU Fishing ». International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 29, n^o 1 (19 mars 2014) : 116–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341311.

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Abstract Within the framework of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (fao), Voluntary Guidelines for Flag State Performance were adopted by the fao Technical Consultation on Flag State Performance on 8 February 2013. The Guidelines, which focus on the role of the flag State in combating illegal, unreported and unregulated (iuu) fishing and build on existing international law, constitute a ground-breaking international instrument. They set out criteria and procedures for the assessment of flag State performance, as well as provisions on cooperation between flag States and coastal States, compliance and cooperation with, and assistance to, developing countries. The Guidelines were adopted as a response to the lack of effective control by many flag States over their fishing and fishing-related vessels, mindful that flag States may generally be said to have the primary responsibility for preventing, deterring and eliminating iuu fishing.1 The Guidelines are a robust and comprehensive tool for enhancing international fisheries governance.

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Tkachuk, Hanna, et Oksana Kushnirenko. « Strengthening of economic security of food complex of Ukraine ». Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 37, n^o 2 (17 juin 2015) : 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2015.29.

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The adverse conjuncture that established on the world markets for domestic exports, the initiation of a series of trade restrictions by the countries – members of the Customs alliance and the absence of effective reforms worsened the crisis in the economy of Ukraine. As the result is a critical increase threats to economic security in general, and one of the most important of its components – food security. The purpose of the article – identify specific areas of increasing competitive position of the food industry of Ukraine, namely the possibility of import substitution, the development of a middle class in society, and increase its ability to pay and upgrade food complex according to the highest European quality standards. The sources of the statistical data on the economic safety of the food complex of different countries are deduced from the annual information published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The investigations were carried out on the basis of the official website of the State Department of Statistics, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine.

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Mikkola, Heimo. « Evolution and Prospects of Freshwater Fish Species and Aquaculture in Colombia : A Historical Perspective ». UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, n^o 14 (24 juin 2024) : 56–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i144179.

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Since the 1970s Colombia has been aware of the importance of aquaculture and inland fisheries in the future of its economy due to the constant increase of a population that is increasingly in need of protein of animal origin. In 1972, a joint project between the Government of Colombia and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was approved and aimed at studying inland fishing and developing aquaculture in the country. The work of the project is described, as are the fish culture and fisheries research activities starting with the situation in the 1970s but comparing it with recent findings. A list of the main capture and culture fish species is given. Colombian fishing production has had great variations, but first inland water fishing was more important than marine. For instance, in 1972 total fish catch was 104,390 tons and 79% of that originated from inland waters. After the continental fisheries went down, the marine fisheries accounted in 2019 already 78 per cent of the total catch of the country. Mean standing fish crop estimates in 1975‒76 from the bay, open water and vegetation habitats in four floodplain lakes were 118, 12 and 251 kg/ha indicating clearly that the fish productivity on the Magdalena floodplain was relatively low. The aquaculture sector has been growing rapidly, reflecting global trends, and producing more than capture fisheries. Aquaculture produced 88,000 tons in 2013, which was a three-fold increase from the mid-1990s. Again twofold increase took place before 2020 when the production was almost 180,000 tons. Future development prospects of inland fisheries and aquaculture are discussed and a mention is made of the present situation of ornamental fish cultivation and trade in Colombia.

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Ferri, Nicola. « The Legal Regime Governing Mediterranean Fisheries : The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean of the FAO and the Added-Value of Article XIV Bodies ». Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 31, n^o 1 (11 novembre 2022) : 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-03101010.

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Abstract The impact that the progressive development of public international law as relating to fisheries has had on the evolution of the role of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) is fairly well-known, having periodically attracted interest from public international law scholars and practitioners. There are some instances though where this development has not been the sole factor leading to the emergence of decision-making by RFMOs on the management of fisheries found in marine waters worldwide. The RFMOs family is broad and heterogeneous, also encompassing some organizations which belong to the institutional setting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) is one of those FAO RFMOs. Established in 1949 through an international agreement adopted pursuant to Article XIV of the FAO Constitution, the GFCM is the RFMO currently exercising regulatory powers to ensure the sustainability of Mediterranean fisheries. Its institutional belonging to the FAO is key to understanding that throughout its seventy years of existence the GFCM has not been responsive only to the progressive development of public international law as relating to fisheries, like all other RFMOs. The story of its evolution and, consequently, that of the legal regime governing Mediterranean fisheries, is deeply intertwined with developments that took place within the FAO’s administrative framework. This piece will briefly detail these developments, trying to shed light on the fact that the internal decisions taken by the FAO to enable bodies established under Article XIV of the FAO Constitution to exercise their regulatory powers have been, in the specific case of the GFCM, as decisive as the progressive development of public international law relating to fisheries; not only in bringing about the legal regime governing Mediterranean fisheries, but also in ultimately ensuring that this regime is as effective as that implemented by other RFMOs established independently of the FAO.

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Friedrich, Jürgen. « Legal Challenges of Nonbinding Instruments : The Case of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries ». German Law Journal 9, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2008) : 1539–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200000572.

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Faced with the reluctance of states to transfer sovereign powers to the international level, traditional international organizations often resort to voluntary instruments when attempting to respond to pressing issues of public concern such as sustainable development. One salient example is the attempt of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to improve the dire state of global fisheries resources by means of the nonbinding Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). After years of extensive and dynamic development of fishing capacities in response to an increasing demand from a growing world population, the worldwide production of fisheries seems to have now reached its ceiling. The FAO estimates that three quarters of fish stocks are either fully exploited (50 percent) or overexploited and depleted (25 percent). Any solution to this state of affairs faces complex regulatory challenges. The regulation of collective goods, in this case including the global common space of the high seas, goes beyond mere coordination problems as analyzed by other case studies in this volume. It requires cooperation across jurisdictional zones by a multitude of different actors with various economic and social interests in a subject area marked by fierce economic competition. Free riding must be prevented through monitoring and enforcement at sea. Further, it is now understood that long-term sustainable use largely depends on the protection of the living and non-living environment of the resource, from which derives the need for an ecosystem approach. Uncertainty over reproduction levels and impact of environmental degradation makes a precautionary approach to fisheries management indispensable for successful regulation. The complexity and high level of uncertainty additionally calls for a highly flexible and adaptable regulation.

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Caspers, H. « R. L. Welcomme : River fisheries.=FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 262. With 106 figs, 55 tabs, 330 pp. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1985. ISBN 92-5-102299-2 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 72, n^o 2 (1987) : 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19870720206.

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Sisto, Ilaria, et Maurizio Furst. « WHY SHALL WE CONSIDER THE GENDER IMPLICATIONS OF BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT ? THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION ». New Medit 18, n^o 3 (15 septembre 2019) : 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/nm1903n.

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Women as farmers, livestock keepers, fishers and forest dwellers play vital – often overlooked – roles in natural resources use and management in the Mediterranean region. Women’s exclusion from decision making bodies and unequal access to productive resources represent a missed opportunity in terms of sustainable management of available resources and economic development. Recent studies indicate that if men and women equally participate in the labour market, in the southern Mediterranean region the GDP could rise by 47% over the next decade, meaning an annual benefit from an economic impact of €490 billion (Woetzel et al., 2015). The Director General of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), José Graziano da Silva, at the fourth Regional conference on women’s empowerment in the Euro-Mediterranean region stressed that rural women’s contributions and leadership is crucial to feed the Mediterranean region’s growing population and achieve sustainable food production: «By enabling rural women to reach their full potential, we can make food systems more inclusive, efficient and effective» (FAO 2018). In the region women sustain such food systems by gathering wild plants for food, medicinal use, fuelwood and other purposes, acting as herbalists, tending home gardens, selecting, managing and storing seeds, managing crops, trees and small livestock, domesticating plants, participating in small-scale fisheries and aquaculture, and storing, preserving and processing foods after harvesting. They have a unique knowledge about local biodiversity, which is often passed from generation to generation (FAO, 2019; World Bank, FAO and IFAD, 2009). Nevertheless, still too often women have less access than men to land and livestock, production inputs and services such as education, extension and credit, and are not represented in decision-making processes related to food and agriculture (Lehel 2018; World Bank, FAO and IFAD, 2009).

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Livingstone, M. B. E., J. J. Strain, A. M. Prentice, W. A. Coward, G. B. Nevin, M. E. Barker, R. J. Hickey, P. G. Mckenna et R. G. Whitehead. « Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations ». British Journal of Nutrition 65, n^o 2 (mars 1991) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19910076.

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Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.

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Voronin, Boris, Irina Chupina et Yana Voronina. « The food security doctrine of the Russian Federation as a comprehensive act of public administration ». Russian Journal of Management 9, n^o 1 (14 avril 2021) : 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-1-136-140.

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The Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, approved in a new edition by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 21, 2020 [1], determines that this Doctrine is a strategic planning document, which reflects the official views on the goals, objectives and main directions of the state social economic policy in the field of food security of the Russian Federation. In paragraph 4, it is established that this Doctrine is the basis for the development of regulatory legal acts in the field of food security, development of agriculture and fisheries. It should be noted that this Doctrine (paragraph 5) takes into account the recommendations of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) on the share of imports and food stocks taken. Familiarization with the content of the Doctrine allows us to conclude that the Doctrine, according to the rules of normography [2] and legal technique [3], cannot be qualified as a legal act. It would be more correct to call this document as a concept for ensuring food security, which sets out general approaches to the formation of the main directions of state policy in the field of food security. The constituent parts of the concept are: a) sustainable development of agricultural production based on medical indicators per capita; b) ensuring the range, quality and safety of food products; c) meeting the domestic needs of the Russian state in domestic agricultural products and increasing their volumes for export, which confirms the stability of the agricultural sector in the agri-food market in terms of ensuring food independence; d) increasing the economic availability of high-quality food products to form a healthy diet for all groups of the population; e) ensuring the physical availability of food products through the trade system, agri-food markets, catering facilities of various types.

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Liawatimena, Suryadiputra, Edi Abdurachman, Agung Trisetyarso, Antoni Wibowo, Muhamad Keenan Ario et Ivan Sebastian Edbert. « Fish Classification System Using YOLOv3-ResNet18 Model for Mobile Phones ». CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal 17, n^o 1 (17 mars 2023) : 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/commit.v17i1.8107.

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Every country in the world needs to report its fish production to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) every year. In 2018, Indonesia ranked top five countries in fish production, with 8 million tons globally. Although it ranks top five, the fisheries in Indonesia are mostly dominated by traditional and small industries. Hence, a solution based on computer vision is needed to help detect and classify the fish caught every year. The research presents a method to detect and classify fish on mobile devices using the YOLOv3 model combined with ResNet18 as a backbone. For the experiment, the dataset used is four types of fish gathered from scraping across the Internet and taken from local markets and harbors with a total of 4,000 images. In comparison, two models are used: SSD-VGG and autogenerated model Huawei ExeML. The results show that the YOLOv3-ResNet18 model produces 98.45% accuracy in training and 98.15% in evaluation. The model is also tested on mobile devices and produces a speed of 2,115 ms on Huawei P40 and 3,571 ms on Realme 7. It can be concluded that the research presents a smaller-size model which is suitable for mobile devices while maintaining good accuracy and precision.

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Lkhamjav, Ochirkhuyag, Uyanga Batbold, Delgertsetseg Renchinmyag, Bilguun Ulziibat, Uuriintsolmon Enkhtaivan, Ariunbold Erdenegerel, Oyundari Borkhuu, Solongo Tsogtbaatar et Khaulanbek Akhmadi. « The Progress/Status of Ecological Assessment on the Intensive Land Use in Selenge and Darkhan-Uul Province, Mongolia ». International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1-2024 (10 mai 2024) : 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-2024-437-2024.

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Abstract. The study area, it includes Darkhan-Uul and Selenge provinces of Mongolia, is included in the most favourable natural-geographical areas, and the migration of people with livestock from the peripheral areas has led to an increase in the population, as well as a sharp increase in the number of grazing animals, resulting in the effects of natural and human activities. give an evaluation, develop the basis for the proper use of the land in the future. In Mongolia, the methods and principles of land evaluation differ depending on the general classification and purpose of land, so considering these characteristics, land evaluation is carried out by (1) the Department of Agriculture, (2) the Department of Urban Development, Industry and Mines, (3) the Department of Roads and Networks, (4) it is divided into types of land with forest reserves (Tserenbaljir, B. Naranchimeg, 2004). In the "instructions for land evaluation" issued by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1976, in the assessment of land quality, in addition to the main indicators of soil fertility and moisture, climate, land cover and use, chemical pollutions such as an alkaline acidity. In the ecological assessment study, data on land use, soil, vegetation, climate, natural conditions, resources, socio-economic, satellite and field studies were collected in numerical and tabular form. The Ecological assessment in intensive land use is divided into qualitative and quantitative assessment. The Qualitative assessment predicts ecological properties. The Quantitative methods use multi-species numerical methods to record ecological elements and calculate the overall percentage of ecological characteristics.

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Maw, Min Thein, Myint Myint Khin, David Hadrill, Irene Kasindi Meki, Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli, Maung Maung Kyin, Win Win Myint et al. « First Report of Lumpy Skin Disease in Myanmar and Molecular Analysis of the Field Virus Isolates ». Microorganisms 10, n^o 5 (25 avril 2022) : 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050897.

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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease in cattle and buffaloes, which is associated with significant animal production and economic losses. Since the 2000s, LSDV has spread from Africa to several countries in the Middle East; Europe; and Asia; including, more recently, several south-east Asian countries. In November 2020, Myanmar reported its first LSD outbreak. This study reports on the first incursion of LSD in Myanmar and the molecular analysis of the LSDV detected. Staff from the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation collected samples from cattle with suspected LSD infection. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) and the Joint International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/FAO program’s Animal Health and Production laboratory provided LSDV diagnostic support to two regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Myanmar. Samples from 13 cattle tested positive by real-time PCR. Selected samples underwent sequence analysis in IAEA laboratories. The results show that the Myanmar LSDV sequences clustered with LSDV isolates from Bangladesh and India, LSDV Kenya, and LSDV NI-2490. Further characterization showed that the Myanmar LSDV is 100% identical to isolates from Bangladesh and India, implying a common source of introduction. These findings inform diagnosis and development of control strategies.

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Maw, Min Thein, Myint Myint Khin, David Hadrill, Irene Kasindi Meki, Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli, Maung Maung Kyin, Win Win Myint et al. « First Report of Lumpy Skin Disease in Myanmar and Molecular Analysis of the Field Virus Isolates ». Microorganisms 10, n^o 5 (25 avril 2022) : 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050897.

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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes lumpy skin disease in cattle and buffaloes, which is associated with significant animal production and economic losses. Since the 2000s, LSDV has spread from Africa to several countries in the Middle East; Europe; and Asia; including, more recently, several south-east Asian countries. In November 2020, Myanmar reported its first LSD outbreak. This study reports on the first incursion of LSD in Myanmar and the molecular analysis of the LSDV detected. Staff from the Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department (LBVD) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Irrigation collected samples from cattle with suspected LSD infection. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations’ Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) and the Joint International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/FAO program’s Animal Health and Production laboratory provided LSDV diagnostic support to two regional veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Myanmar. Samples from 13 cattle tested positive by real-time PCR. Selected samples underwent sequence analysis in IAEA laboratories. The results show that the Myanmar LSDV sequences clustered with LSDV isolates from Bangladesh and India, LSDV Kenya, and LSDV NI-2490. Further characterization showed that the Myanmar LSDV is 100% identical to isolates from Bangladesh and India, implying a common source of introduction. These findings inform diagnosis and development of control strategies.

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Biester, E. « Jorge Csirke : The Patagonian fishery resources and the offshore fisheries in the South-West Atlantic = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 286.-75 pp., 35 figs. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987. ISBN 92-5-102564-9 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 74, n^o 4 (1989) : 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19890740425.

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Cordeiro, Cheryl Marie, et Geir Sogn-Grundvåg. « An Integral Systems Theory Perspective of Interdisciplinary Collaboration : The Example of CATCH, a Capture-Based Aquaculture Research Project for Quality Norwegian Cod Products ». Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, n^o 1 (1 mars 2019) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2019-0002.

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Abstract Due to the increasing complexity of the global development challenges that need solving, the past thirty years have seen interdisciplinary research (IDR) and university-industry collaboration developing into its own subject of research. While there have been numerous studies on defining and evaluating IDR, what remains under-researched is a unifying or integral perspective in IDR theoretical framing and conceptualisation much due to the nature of the multiple disciplines that constitute IDR. This study takes an integral systems theory perspective in address of the knowledge-gap in IDR, using the example of the project CATCH, a capture-based aquaculture research project funded by the Research Council of Norway and industry partners, for improved Norwegian cod products to local and global markets. The purpose of this study is to investigate and uncover the management strategies of the project CATCH, with the goal of illustrating how elements of such a management strategy can be mapped unto a four-quadrant integral systems theory model towards a unified perspective of an IDR project. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has projected a 20% growth in global fish production and consumption by 2030. CATCH, which is situated in the field of fisheries and aquaculture research, makes for a timely and interesting example of how an inherently IDR project is managed and executed by multiple stakeholders from academic institutions as well as industry partners. The contribution of this study is twofold, (i) working towards the consolidation of the theoretical foundations of IDR, and (ii) developing empirical insights into the management processes and strategy of an IDR project.

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Barthelmes, D. « Y. Asada, Y. Hirasawa and F. Nagasaki : Fishery management in Japan. – Mit 7 Tab., 26pp. = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 238. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1983. ISBN 92-5-101392-6 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 70, n^o 6 (1985) : 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19850700628.

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Schultz, H. « D. S. Pavlov : Structures assisting the migrations of non-salmonid fish : USSR = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 308.—97 pp. figs., tabls. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1989. ISBN 92-5-102857-5 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 77, n^o 3 (1992) : 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19920770319.

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Xiao, Xingyuan, Jing Zhang et Yaqun Liu. « Impacts of Crop Type and Climate Changes on Agricultural Water Dynamics in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020 ». Remote Sensing 16, n^o 6 (13 mars 2024) : 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16061007.

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Northeast China (NEC) is one of the most important national agricultural production bases, and its agricultural water dynamics are essential for food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, the dynamics of long-term annual crop-specific agricultural water and its crop type and climate impacts remain largely unknown, compromising water-saving practices and water-efficiency agricultural management in this vital area. Thus, this study used multi-source data of the crop type, climate factors, and the digital elevation model (DEM), and multiple digital agriculture technologies of remote sensing (RS), the geographic information system (GIS), the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-SCS) model, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Penman–Monteith (FAO P-M) model, and the water supply–demand index (M) to map the annual spatiotemporal distribution of effective precipitation (Pe), crop water requirement (ETc), irrigation water requirement (IWR), and the supply–demand situation in the NEC from 2000 to 2020. The study further analyzed the impacts of the crop type and climate changes on agricultural water dynamics and revealed the reasons and policy implications for their spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The results indicated that the annual average Pe, ETc, IWR, and M increased by 1.56%/a, 0.74%/a, 0.42%/a, and 0.83%/a in the NEC, respectively. Crop-specifically, the annual average Pe increased by 1.15%/a, 2.04%/a, and 2.09%/a, ETc decreased by 0.46%/a, 0.79%/a, and 0.89%/a, IWR decreased by 1.03%/a, 1.32%/a, and 3.42%/a, and M increased by 1.48%/a, 2.67%/a, and 2.87%/a for maize, rice, and soybean, respectively. Although the ETc and IWR for all crops decreased, regional averages still increased due to the expansion of water-intensive maize and rice. The crop type and climate changes jointly influenced agricultural water dynamics. Crop type transfer contributed 39.28% and 41.25% of the total IWR increase, and the remaining 60.72% and 58.75% were caused by cropland expansion in the NEC from 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2020, respectively. ETc and IWR increased with increasing temperature and solar radiation, and increasing precipitation led to decreasing IWR in the NEC. The adjustment of crop planting structure and the implementation of water-saving practices need to comprehensively consider the spatiotemporally heterogeneous impacts of crop and climate changes on agricultural water dynamics. The findings of this study can aid RS-GIS-based agricultural water simulations and applications and support the scientific basis for agricultural water management and sustainable agricultural development.

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Кazakova, Nadiia, Gelena Neustroieva et Vadym Hromov. « FOOD PROBLEM OF THE EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE CAUSED BY THE WAR ». Bulletin of the National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute" (economic sciences), n^o 4 (15 novembre 2022) : 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2519-4461.2022.4.32.

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The article deals with the scientifically substantiated analyses of the food problem of the eastern region of Ukraine based on its essential importance for the world problem of avoiding hunger. Taking into account the fact that the potential of external production exceeds the needs of the domestic market it is necessary to conduct a research of solving food problems when planning the development of the agricultural sector of the Ukrainian economy.. This article considers such analytical issues estimating that Ukraine has been among the top five exporters of grain and legume resources for many years. Ukraine is one of the main countries that contributes to the agricultural sector of the world economy. The activities of future specialists, when dealing with the food problem, depend on the content and nature of the knowledge that not only the coronavirus pandemic, but also armed conflicts in most of the specified countries and climate change, several years of drought contributed to problems with agricultural production in the region. The general provisions on analysis of various options for solving this problem are given and it is estimated that the analytical approach is the most optimal, since it allows you to build a diagram for comparing percentage of the most popular agricultural crops in the sown areas. It is advisable to consider the process of selecting most of the data that have been collected before the invasion. This research paper reveals the fact that much of the concern is related to shortages in the supply of staple crops such as wheat, corn and oilseeds, which could rise up prices. The invasion also led to higher prices for fuel and related fertilizers, leading to further food shortages and higher prices. The rise in wheat prices resulting from the conflict has become a problem for the countries, heavily dependent on Russian and Ukrainian wheat exports, and raised fears of social protest. The article analyzes economists’ views on the process of solving the food problems.It should be noted that these main issues will affect further world market prices and inflation will rise. Due to invasion, the US Department of Agriculture published a forecast for the export of grain products from Ukraine. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations published information on the growth of the grain price index. Practical recommendations are provided for solving the problems. The research has been developed to estimate that Ukraine is a leading country in the agricultural sector of the economy, which supplies food to the EU, Africa and India. Due to Russia's invasion into Ukrainian lands, many states may suffer from hunger and if the full-scale intervention into Ukraine is not stopped, then the world will face a food crisis.

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Biswas, Sumalika, Qiongyu Huang, Anupam Anand, Myat Su Mon, Franz-Eugen Arnold et Peter Leimgruber. « A Multi Sensor Approach to Forest Type Mapping for Advancing Monitoring of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in Myanmar ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 19 (2 octobre 2020) : 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193220.

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Monitoring forests is important for measuring overall success of the 2030 Agenda because forests play an essential role in meeting many Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), especially SDG 15. Our study evaluates the contribution of three satellite data sources (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1) for mapping diverse forest types in Myanmar. This assessment is especially important because Myanmar is currently revising its classification system for forests and it is critical that these new forest types can be accurately mapped and monitored over time using satellite imagery. Our results show that using a combination of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 yields the highest accuracy (89.6% ± 0.16 percentage point(pp)), followed by Sentinel-2 alone (87.97% ± 0.11 pp) and Landsat-8 (82.68% ± 0.13 pp). The higher spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 Blue, Green, Red, Narrow Near Infrared and Short Wave Infrared bands enhances accuracy by 4.83% compared to Landsat-8. The addition of the Sentinel-2 Near Infrared and three Vegetation Red Edge bands further improve accuracy by 0.46% compared to using only Sentinel-2 Blue, Green, Red, Narrow Near Infrared and Short Wave Infrared bands. Adding the radar information from Sentinel-1 further increases the accuracy by 1.63%. We were able to map the two major forest types, Upper Moist and Upper Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest, which comprise 90% of our study area. Accuracies for these forest types ranged from 77 to 96% depending on the sensors used, demonstrating the feasibility of using satellite data to map forest categories from a newly revised classification system. Our results advance the ongoing development of the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) by the Myanmar Forest Department and United Nations-Food and Agriculture Organization (UN-FAO) and facilitates future monitoring of progress towards the SDGs.

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Sandner, E. « Marine Resource Mapping : An Introductory Manual. Eds. M. J. A. Butler, C. Leblanc, J. A. Belbin and J. L. Macneill = FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 274.—256 pp., figs. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987. ISBN 92-5-102544-4 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 74, n^o 2 (1989) : 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19890740214.

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Roy, Debjit, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, Xuefeng Chu et Zhulu Lin. « Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA ». Water 12, n^o 2 (21 janvier 2020) : 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020321.

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Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.

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Juanes, Francis. « Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem. Based on a conference held in Reykjavik, Iceland, 1–4 October 2001. Edited by M Sinclair and , G Valdimarsson. Wallingford (United Kingdom) and New York : CABI Publishing ; Rome (Italy) : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. $140.00. xviii + 426 p ; ill. ; index. ISBN : 0–85199–633–7 (CABI) ; 925–104767–7 (FAO). 2003. » Quarterly Review of Biology 79, n^o 1 (mars 2004) : 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421650.

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Kühlmann, D. H. H. « L. J. V. Compagno : FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4, Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Part 1 — Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. = FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 125, Vol. 4, Part 1, 249 S., Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1984. ISBN 92-5-101384-5 ». Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 71, n^o 2 (1986) : 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19860710229.

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Ogeh, Joseph Sunday, et Rotimi Rofus Ipinmoroti. « Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria ». JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, n^o 2 (10 juin 2013) : 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.93-97.

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The micronutrient status of the soils and leaf of cocoa, kola, cashew and coffee plantations to study the soil-plant micronutrient content relationship in the plantation soils for proper management towards optimum production of the crops was investigated at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil and leaf samples were collected from these plantations and analyzed according to standard laboratory procedures. The soil samples were analyzed for the micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn and Fe) and in addition pH, organic carbon, sand, silt and clay contents, while the leaves were analyzed for only the micronutrient contents. Results indicated that the soils were sandy loam, acidic, low in organic carbon, deficient in Cu and Mn but very high in Fe and Zn contents. This probably resulted in nutrient imbalance in the soils and the deficiency of the nutrients in the crops. The plantations therefore require application of organic manures and micronutrient fertilizers to rectify the inadequate soil organic matter and to supply sufficient amount of Cu and Mn in the soils, to obtain quality fruit yield at optimum level from the plantations.Keywords: Cashew, cocoa, coffee, kola, micronutrients, sustainable production [How to Cite: Ogeh JS and RR Ipinmoroti. 2013. Micronutrient Assessment of Cocoa, Kola, Cashew and Coffee Plantations for Sustainable Production at Uhonmora, Edo State, Nigeria. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 93-97. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.93] REFERENCESAdebiyi S, EO Uwagbue, EA Agbongiarhuoyi, I Ndagi and EO Aigbekaen. 2011. Assessment of agronomic practices among kola farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. World J Agric Sci 7: 400-403.Afolabi CA and NE Egbe. 1984. Yield response of kola to N, P and K fertilizer application: A case study of preliminary trial. Cafe Cacao The 28: 13-16. AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th Edition. Washington DC: 774-784.Ayanlaja SA. 1983. Rehabilitation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in Nigeria: Major problem and possible solution. Plant Soil 73: 403-409.CBN [Central Bank of Nigeria]. 2010. Annual Report and Statement of Accounts for the year. Abuja, Nigeria. 182 p.Chude VO and GO Obigbesan. 1983. Safe and toxic application rates of boron for cocoa seedlings. Plant Soil 74: 145-147.Egbe NE, EA Ayodele and CR Obatolu. 1989. Soils and nutrition of cocoa, coffee, kola cashew and tea. Prog Tree Crop Res 2: 28-38.Falade JA. 1978. Cashew growing soil in Nigeria. East Afr Agric J 43: 100-105. FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization]. 2010. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx? PageID=567#ancor. Accessed on 21 January 2010.Ibiremo OS and O Fagbola. 2008. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and arbuscular mycorhizal fungi inoculation on the growth of cashew seedlings in two soils in Nigeria. Nigerian J Soil Sci 18: 138-146.Ipinmoroti RR, OSO Akanbi, MA Daniel, LA Adebowale, GA Adewoye, EA Makinde and CO Kayode. 2011. Potentials of NPK and organic fertilizers on growth performance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) seedlings on degraded typic alfisol soils in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Agric Sci Tech 1: 876-881.Ipinmoroti RR, P Aikpokpodion and OSO Akanbi. 2009. Nutritional assessment of cocoa plots for soil fertility management on some cocoa farms in Nigeria. Proceedings of 16th International Cocoa Research Conference Held at Grand Hyatt Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, pp 1481-1485.Iremiren GO and AM Ekhomun. 2005. Effects of N fertilizer rates on the performance of maize-okra mixture in an acid sand soil of the Nigerian forest zone. Nigerian J Appl Sci 23: 11-14. McKenzie RH. 2001. Micronutrient requirements of crops. Alberta Agriculture and Rural development http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex713. Acessed on 21 July 2011.Nelson DW and LE Sommers. 1982. Organic carbon and soil extracts In: D L Sparks (ed). Methods of soil Analysis. Part 2- Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy Monograph No.9, 2nd Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539-579.Ogunlade MO, OS Ibiremo, RR Ipinmoroti, CI Iloyanomon and PE Aikpokpodion. 2011. Determination of phosphorus and potassium fixation capacities and fertilizer fctors in soils of three cocoa growing areas of Nigeria. J Soil Nat 5: 11-16.Ogunmoyela OA and CR Obatolu. 1984. Nutrient studies and fertilizer requirements of Nigeria tea. Cafe Cacao The 28: 179-184.Ogunwale JA, JO Olaniyan and MO Aduloju. 2002. Morphological, physico-chemical and clay mineralogical properties of soils overlaying basement complex rocks in Ilorin East, Nigeria. Moor J Agric Res 3: 147-154.Ojeniyi SO. 1980. Nutrient studies of NPK treated coffee plots. Plant Soil 56: 175-179.Omotoso TI. 1974. The effect of fertilizer and irrigation on the leaf macronutrient composition of Coffea canephora during a year. Turrialba 24: 315-318.Opeke LK. 1987. Tropical tree crops. Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria, p 247.Wood GAR and RA Lass. 1985. Cocoa, 4th ed. London: Longman, pp. 620-632.

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Berno, Tracy, Eilidh Thorburn, Mindy Sun et Simon Milne. « International visitor surveys ». Hospitality Insights 3, n^o 1 (26 juin 2019) : 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v3i1.53.

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International visitor surveys (IVS) are traditionally designed to provide destinations with marketing data and intelligence. The New Zealand Tourism Research Institute has been developing new approaches to IVS implementation and data collection in the Pacific Islands that can provide a much richer source of information [1]. The research outlined here is the first to utilise an IVS to explore the positioning of cuisine in the culinary identity of a destination – specifically, the cuisine of the Cook Islands. The Cook Islands is known primarily for its sun, sea and sand features, rather than its culinary attributes. Drawing on data mining of the Cook Islands IVS (2012–2016) and a web audit of destination websites and menus, this paper considers the positioning of food and food-related activities within the Pacific nation’s tourism experience. National tourism organisations are increasingly seeking competitive advantage by utilising their local cuisines as tourist attractions. Research suggests that distinctive local cuisines can act as both a tourism attraction, and as a means of shaping the identity of a destination [2, 3]. In addition to providing an important source of marketable images, local cuisine can also provide a unique experience for tourists. This reinforces the competitiveness and sustainability of the destination [2]. The cuisine of the Cook Islands has come up repeatedly in recommendations for how the country can grow its tourism revenue. Recommendations have been made to improve the food product on offer, develop a distinctive Cook Islands cuisine based on fresh, local produce, and to promote a Cook Islands cuisine experience [4, 5], and to use these to market the Cook Islands as a destination for local food tourism experiences [4]. Despite these recommendations, Cook Island cuisine features less prominently than stereotypical sun, sea, and sand marketing images, and little is known about tourists’ perceptions of and satisfaction with food and food-related activities [6]. Our research addresses this gap by mining IVS data to gain a deeper understanding of tourists’ experiences and perceptions of food in the Cook Islands and assessing whether local food can be positioned as means of creating a unique destination identity. Two methods were used to develop a picture of where food sits in the Cook Islands tourist experience: one focussed on tourist feedback; and the other focused on how food is portrayed in relevant online media. Analysis of all food-related data collected as part of the national IVS between 1 April 2012 and 30 June 2016 was conducted (N = 10,950). A web audit also focused on how food is positioned as part of the Cook Islands tourism product. After identifying the quantitative food-related questions in the IVS, satisfaction with these activities was analysed. Qualitative comments related to food experiences were also examined. The results suggest that participation in food-related activities is generally a positive feature of the visitor experience. The web-audit revealed, however, that food is not a salient feature in the majority of Cook Islands-related websites, and when food did feature, it tended to be oriented towards international cuisine with a ‘touch of the Pacific’ rather than specifically Cook Islands cuisine. This reinforced findings from the IVS data mining that Cook Islands food is presented as a generic tropical ‘seafood and fruit’ cuisine that, largely, lacks the defining and differentiating features of authentic Cook Island cuisine. High participation rates in food-related activities and overall positive evaluations by visitors emerged from the IVS data, yet a dearth of images and information on the country’s food suggests that the Cook Islands is not exploiting its cuisine and food experiences to their full potential. As a direct result of this secondary analysis of IVS data, which highlighted the importance of and potential for food-related activities, the Cook Islands Government is now actively addressing this gap by developing a range of food-related resources and information that can better link tourism to local cuisine. In addition to developing a greater presence of local food in online resources, the Cook Islands Tourism Corporation has also taken on board the messages from the IVS to drive the development of Takurua [7] – an initiative to develop and document local, traditional cuisine and share it with the world. This approach is part of a broader ongoing effort to differentiate the Cook Islands from other South Pacific destinations through its unique cultural attributes. Data mining and secondary analysis of IVS data has not been restricted to the identification of food-related opportunities. Secondary analysis of IVS data in the Pacific has also been used to investigate the impact of other niche markets such as events [8] and to gauge the impact of environmental incidents, for example Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu [9] and algal bloom in the Cook Islands [10], thus reinforcing that IVS data are a rich source of information and are indeed more than just numbers. Corresponding author Tracy Berno can be contacted at tracy.berno@aut.ac.nz References (1) New Zealand Tourism Research Institute (NZTRI). Cook Islands Resources and Outputs; NZTRI: Auckland. http://www.nztri.org.nz/cook-islands-resources (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (2) Lin, Y.; Pearson, T.; Cai, L. Food as a Form of Destination Identity: A Tourism Destination Brand Perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research 2011, 11, 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.22 (3) Okumus, F.; Kock, G.; Scantlebury, M. M.; Okumus, B. Using Local Cuisines when Promoting Small Caribbean Island Destinations. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing 2013, 30 (4), 410–429. (4) Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Linking Farmers to Markets: Realizing Opportunities for Locally Produced Food on Domestic and Tourist Markets in Cook Islands. FAO Sub-regional Office of the Pacific Islands: Apia, Samoa, 2014. (5) United Nations. “Navigating Stormy Seas through Changing winds”: Developing an Economy whilst Preserving a National Identity and the Modern Challenges of a Small Island Developing State. The Cook Islands National Report for the 2014 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) Conference and post 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/1074217Cook%20Is%20_%20Final%20NATIONAL%20SIDS%20Report.pdf (accessed Jun 10, 2019). (6) Boyera, S. Tourism-led Agribusiness in the South Pacific Countries; Technical Centre for Agriculture and Rural Cooperation (CTA): Brussels, 2016. (7) Cook Islands Tourism Corporation (CITC). Takurua: Food and Feasts of the Cook Islands; CITC: Avarua, Cook Islands, 2018. (8) Thorburn, E.; Milne, S.; Histen, S.; Sun, M.; Jonkers, I. Do Events Attract Higher Yield, Culturally Immersive Visitors to the Cook Islands? In CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism and Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations; Scerri, M., Ker Hui, L., Eds.; Blue Mountains International Hotel Management School: Sydney, 2016; pp 1065–1073. (9) Sun, M.; Milne, S. The Impact of Cyclones on Tourist Demand: Pam and Vanuatu. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field for Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds.; Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 731–734. (10) Thorburn, E.; Krause, C.; Milne, S. The Impacts of Algal Blooms on Visitor Experience: Muri Lagoon, Cook Islands. In CAUTHE 2017: Time for Big Ideas? Re-thinking the Field For Tomorrow; Lee, C., Filep, S., Albrecht, J. N., Coetzee, W. JL, Eds., Department of Tourism, University of Otago: Dunedin, 2017; pp 582–587.

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Karnani, Ashok Kumar. « Navigating Global Waters : Exploring International Dimensions of Fisheries Legislation ». Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 18 décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sfs.v9i1.1796.

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This abstract delves into the multifaceted and consequential nature of fishery law on a global scale. The present abstract emphasizes the significance of global collaboration in the management of fisheries resources and the maintenance of sustainable fishing methods. It also covers how international agencies like the Food and Agriculture Organization and the United Nations formulate and carry out fisheries laws and regulations. The abstract highlights the necessity of strong enforcement measures to guarantee adherence to international fisheries regulations and stop overfishing and fish supply depletion. It also looks at how international agreements and organizations have influenced the development of fishery law and encouraged ethical fishing methods. Overall, this abstract emphasizes the vital role that international fisheries legislation plays in encouraging ethical fishing methods and safeguarding the world's fisheries resources for coming generations.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Department of Fisheries »

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