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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Fluidi Biologici »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

Akkoyun, Fatih, et Adem Özçelik. « A Battery-Powered Fluid Manipulation System Actuated by Mechanical Vibrations ». Actuators 11, n^o 5 (21 avril 2022) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11050116.

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Miniaturized fluid manipulation systems are an important component of lab-on-a-chip platforms implemented in resourced-limited environments and point-of-care applications. This work aims to design, fabricate, and test a low-cost and battery-operated microfluidic diffuser/nozzle type pump to enable an alternative fluid manipulation solution for field applications. For this, CNC laser cutting and 3D printing are used to fabricate the fluidic unit and casing of the driving module of the system, respectively. This system only required 3.5-V input power and can generate flow rates up to 58 µL/min for water. In addition, this portable pump can manipulate higher viscosity fluids with kinematic viscosities up to 24 mPa·s resembling biological fluids such as sputum and saliva. The demonstrated system is a low-cost, battery-powered, and highly versatile fluid pump that can be adopted in various lab-on-a-chip applications for field deployment and remote applications.

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Walsh, E. J., C. King, R. Grimes, A. Gonzalez et D. Ciobanu. « Compatibility of Segmenting Fluids in Continuous-Flow Microfluidic PCR ». Journal of Medical Devices 1, n^o 4 (12 septembre 2007) : 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812426.

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Continuous flow offers notable advantages over batch processing for analytical applications like gene expression profiling of biological material, which demands very high processing. The technology of choice for future genetic analyzers will most likely use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); therefore, high-throughput, high-speed PCR devices have raised enormous interest. Continuous-flow, biphasic PCR can meet these requirements but segmenting∕carrier fluids chemically compatible with the PCR are needed. The present paper compares several fluids in terms of compatibility with PCR and fluidic dynamics in a continuous, two-phase flow microfluidic device, and PCR efficiency was assessed quantitatively. The results represent the first step toward rational fluid design for biphasic continuous PCR.

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Ribeiro, J. C., G. Minas, P. Turmezei, R. F. Wolffenbuttel et J. H. Correia. « A SU-8 fluidic microsystem for biological fluids analysis ». Sensors and Actuators A : Physical 123-124 (septembre 2005) : 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2005.03.032.

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Swain, Michael V. « ROLE OF FLUID ON THE CONTACT DEFORMATION RESPONSE OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE ». Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 27 (11 juin 2020) : 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2020.27.0022.

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This paper will focus on the role of fluids on the indentation deformation response of tooth and eye tissues. All natural biological materials contain fluid and function in a fluidic environment, which plays a critical role in responding to loading events as well as tissue nutrition. The location of this fluid varies and is considered as both bound and mobile with much of it located in cell compartments that are also able to respond directly to loading. The extent of the fluid content varies from less than 10 % in the case of the highly mineralised enamel to more than 80 % in the case of soft eye tissues. The role of the fluid and its response during loading is also complicated by the hierarchical structure of biological tissues, be they mineralised or not. The mechanisms by which the presence of fluid in these materials influences the mechanical response is still poorly understood and has not been systematically investigated. The present paper presents data generated over many years on both the above biological tissues and attempts to present indications as to the mechanism(s) by which the presence of fluid contributes to the deformation. The situation associated with contact loading with the presence of mobile fluid in the tissues results in a more complex situation than the classic elastic-plastic contact situation, but the latter still forms the basis for much of the analysis of instrumented indentation force-displacement load-unloading curves using various shapes of indenters, especially for mineralised structures. In the case of soft tissues the absence of agreed protocols for interpretation of force-displacement-time responses is restricting clinical/biological applications.

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Shaw, Julie LV, et Eleftherios P. Diamandis. « Distribution of 15 Human Kallikreins in Tissues and Biological Fluids ». Clinical Chemistry 53, n^o 8 (1 août 2007) : 1423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2007.088104.

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Abstract Background: Kallikreins (KLKs) are a group of 15 secreted serine proteases. Some KLKs are established or candidate cancer biomarkers, but for most the physiological function is unknown. We characterized the protein and mRNA abundance patterns of all 15 KLKs in multiple panels of human tissues and biological fluids. Methods: We used sensitive and specific sandwich-type ELISAs for each KLK. Reverse transcription PCR was used for transcript amplification. Multiple panels of human tissue extracts (adult and fetal) were tested, along with various biological fluids. Results: Quantitative protein expression data on 7 sets of adult and 3 sets of fetal tissues were collected for all 15 KLKs. KLKs were also quantified in the following biological fluids: seminal plasma, breast milk, follicular fluid, breast cyst fluid, breast cancer cytosol, amniotic fluid, ovarian cancer ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, cervicovaginal fluid, and urine. The data were used to generate heat maps of KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids and categorize KLK abundance as highly restricted (KLK2 and KLK3 in prostate), restricted (KLK5 in skin, salivary gland, breast, and esophagus; KLK6 in brain and central nervous system; KLK7 in esophagus, heart, liver, and skin; KLK8 in breast, esophagus, skin, and tonsil; KLK13 in esophagus and tonsil), or wide (KLKs 1, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15). Conclusions: Quantitative KLK concentrations in tissues and fluids aid in the elucidation of KLK function, and coexpression patterns provide clues for KLK participation in proteolytic cascades.

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Nelson, Arif Z., Binu Kundukad, Wai Kuan Wong, Saif A. Khan et Patrick S. Doyle. « Embedded droplet printing in yield-stress fluids ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n^o 11 (3 mars 2020) : 5671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919363117.

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Microfluidic tools and techniques for manipulating fluid droplets have become core to many scientific and technological fields. Despite the plethora of existing approaches to fluidic manipulation, non-Newtonian fluid phenomena are rarely taken advantage of. Here we introduce embedded droplet printing—a system and methods for the generation, trapping, and processing of fluid droplets within yield-stress fluids, materials that exhibit extreme shear thinning. This technique allows for the manipulation of droplets under conditions that are simply unattainable with conventional microfluidic methods, namely the elimination of exterior influences including convection and solid boundaries. Because of this, we believe embedded droplet printing approaches an ideal for the experimentation, processing, or observation of many samples in an “absolutely quiescent” state, while also removing some troublesome aspects of microfluidics including the use of surfactants and the complexity of device manufacturing. We characterize a model material system to understand the process of droplet generation inside yield-stress fluids and develop a nascent set of archetypal operations that can be performed with embedded droplet printing. With these principles and tools, we demonstrate the benefits and versatility of our method, applying it toward the diverse applications of pharmaceutical crystallization, microbatch chemical reactions, and biological assays.

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Molina, R., X. Filella, J. Jo, C. Agusti et A. M. Ballesta. « CA 125 in Biological Fluids ». International Journal of Biological Markers 13, n^o 4 (octobre 1998) : 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089801300410.

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CA 125 is not a specific tumor marker, and is synthesized by normal and malignant cells of different origin (mainly in tissues derived from the müllerian epithelia) in a similar proportion. Abnormal CA 125 levels may be found in fluids of different origin (ascites, pleura, pericardium, amniotic fluid, cyst fluid, bronchoalveolar fluid, etc.) and in serum from patients with these fluids. Differences in serum CA 125 found in malignant or benign diseases may be related to the number of cells that synthesize the marker, and are highly dependent on the access to serum, where the marker is normally determined. Moreover, CA 125 is a very good tumor marker in ovarian and lung cancer. The sensitivity of CA 125 in ovarian cancer is related to stage (40–95%), histological type (lower levels in mucinous adenocarcinoma), and the marker is useful in the early detection of recurrence (sensitivity 80%) and in therapy monitoring. It's sensitivity in lung cancer is lower than in ovarian cancer, 39% in locoregional malignancies and 69% in metastastatic disease, but clearly related to stage and histology (mainly in adenocarcinomas and large cell lung cancer) and it is useful in prognosis and disease monitoring.

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Li, Suyi, et K. W. Wang. « On the dynamic characteristics of biological inspired multicellular fluidic flexible matrix composite structures ». Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 23, n^o 3 (10 octobre 2011) : 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11424218.

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The objective of this research is to explore the dynamic characteristics of a multicellular fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC) structure. F2MC is a novel composite idea inspired by the fibrillar organizations of plant cell walls. Previous work on F2MC has mostly focused on single cell studies and on its static or quasi-static characteristics. The F2MC dynamic characteristics with interaction between cells through a flow circuit have not yet been investigated. When under external load, a network of F2MC cells with different fiber angles will generate pressure gradient and induce internal fluid flows. Therefore, the working fluids and flow port can be selected/designed for new types of functionality. An analytical model, incorporating the flow port characteristics with the cell structural dynamics, is developed and analyzed. Experimental investigations are also performed. It is shown that a dual F2MC cellular structure can be used as a vibration absorber and as an enhanced actuator with higher actuation authority compared to a single F2MC cell in a designated frequency band. These features are studied in correlation to the various system parameters, such as the fiber composite parameters, flow port parameters, and working fluid effective bulk modulus.

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Toma, Milan, Rosalyn Chan-Akeley, Jonathan Arias, Gregory D. Kurgansky et Wenbin Mao. « Fluid–Structure Interaction Analyses of Biological Systems Using Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics ». Biology 10, n^o 3 (2 mars 2021) : 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030185.

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Due to the inherent complexity of biological applications that more often than not include fluids and structures interacting together, the development of computational fluid–structure interaction models is necessary to achieve a quantitative understanding of their structure and function in both health and disease. The functions of biological structures usually include their interactions with the surrounding fluids. Hence, we contend that the use of fluid–structure interaction models in computational studies of biological systems is practical, if not necessary. The ultimate goal is to develop computational models to predict human biological processes. These models are meant to guide us through the multitude of possible diseases affecting our organs and lead to more effective methods for disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapy. This review paper summarizes computational models that use smoothed-particle hydrodynamics to simulate the fluid–structure interactions in complex biological systems.

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Terekhina, N. A., S. E. Reuk et T. I. Atamanova. « Comparative analysis of ceruloplasmin level in biological fluids at herpes infection ». Kazan medical journal 94, n^o 5 (15 octobre 2013) : 752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj1936.

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Aim. To compare the levels of ceruloplasmin in tears, saliva and blood serum of patients with herpetic stomatitis and eye herpes to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Methods. Ceruloplasmin levels were determined in tears, saliva and blood serum of 30 children, 22 adult patients with herpetic keratitis and 27 children with acute herpetic stomatitis. Biological fluids of 62 healthy individuals were used as the control group. Results. In patients with eye herpes infection, сeruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum and markedly decreased in tears of both affected and intact eye. Ceruloplasmin levels in biological fluids normalized only among children with light forms of eye herpes at discharge. In the case of acute herpetic stomatitis, ceruloplasmin levels increased in oral fluid and blood serum, depending on the severity of the disease. After the treatment, ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluid and blood plasma normalized only in children with dendritic ulcer (herpes epithelial keratitis), while in adult patients with chronic relapsing eye herpes and in children with highly invasive eye herpes ceruloplasmin levels did not normalize. Conclusion. In the case of infection detected multidirectional ceruloplasmin levels in tears, oral fluids and blood serum changes were found in patients with herpes. Ceruloplasmin level decreased in tears, and increased in blood serum and oral fluid.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

MAININI, VERONICA. « Indagini molecolari mediante spettrometrial di massa in fluidi biologici e tessuti ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19695.

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The PhD thesis is focused on the evaluation of different Mass Spectrometry approaches for the study of the proteome of biological fluids and tissues. In detail, the ClinProt technology has been applied to amniotic fluids and urines respectively, to evaluate potential biomarkers for the preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) and to invetsigate molecular mechanisms of kidney adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia conditions at high and very high altitude. MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) has been applied for the study of tissues. In detail, this part of the work evaluated the use of the detergents to enhance sensitivity and number of peaks detected for protein IMS analysis.

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Berlese, Gloria <1993&gt. « Studio di metodi analitici per la determinazione di acidi organici in fluidi biologici ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16948.

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Questo lavoro di tesi si articola in due parti: nella prima si riporta la ricerca bibliografica realizzata per lo sviluppo di un nuovo metodo analitico volto alla determinazione di acidi organici, in particolare ossalati e citrati, nelle urine mediante la formazione di complessi con metalli di transizione; la seconda invece riguarda le prove realizzate per ottimizzare un metodo in cromatografia liquida per la caratterizzazione di alcuni composti presenti nell'estratto della cannabis. La ricerca bibliografica iniziale si è focalizzata principalmente sulla stabilita dei complessi dei metalli di transizione con acidi carbossilici a diversi valori di pH, in particolare in ambiente acido, visto lo scopo di estendere il metodo all'analisi di matrici urinarie. In particolare è stato studiato il comportamento di ferro, rame e cromo con citrato e ossalato: sono stati registrati gli spettri di assorbimento UV-Vis prima di soluzioni contenti il metallo non legato poi di soluzioni del metallo legato agli acidi oggetto di indagine. La seconda parte invece riporta nel dettaglio tutte le prove realizzate su uno standard contente otto principali composti della cannabis ( CBDA CBD CNBG THCV THCA CBN THC CNBC) , variando le condizioni di temperatura, flusso, pH,, gradiente della fase mobile e colonna, prima è stata usata una C-18 poi una C-8. Ottimizzate le condizioni, è stata realizzata una retta di calibrazione e il metodo è stato poi esteso a campioni oleofiti e reali di fluidi biologici.

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Zincarelli, Nicola. « Progetto e realizzazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless per l'identificazione di fluidi biologici ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17665/.

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Il presente progetto di tesi è stato dedicato alla progettazione di un sensore indossabile, passivo e wireless in grado di rilevare fluidi biologici a contatto con la pelle. Il sistema di sensing consiste in un filtro a microonde (nella banda di 2,45 GHz) progettato con la tecnologia delle linee accoppiate con terminazioni di circuito aperto in cui una delle terminazioni della sezione centrale è sostituita da uno stub aperto la cui risonanza stabilita proprio dal contenuto del canale micro-fluidico integrato nell stub.In questo modo il comportamento del filtro è strettamente legato al fluido contenuto nel canale e si avvicina a quello ideale solo alla frequenza di risonanza dello stub che include il canale micro-fluidico contenente il liquido in esame. Uno dei punti chiave del lavoro è l’aver definito un modello circuitale equivalente del componente a microonde che include il canale: questo modello è stato ricavato da simulazioni EM per garantire una progettazione accurata ed efficiente dell’intero sistema. Al fine di rendere il sistema indossabile e passivo è stata progettata un’antenna a banda stretta connessa alla porta d’ingresso del filtro, la quale è in grado di ricevere la potenza necessaria per il sensing dei diversi fluidi presenti nel canale.

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Arcangeli, Danilo. « Sensori tessili indossabili per la determinazione dello ione cloruro e del pH in fluidi biologici ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21682/.

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Nell’era dell’Internet of Things i sensori chimici indossabili rappresentano una frontiera avanzata nel campo delle analisi cliniche. La possibilità di integrare questo tipo di sensori su una vasta gamma di substrati tessili, in tandem a dei sistemi elettronici di lettura wireless, rende tali dispositivi estremamente versatili, permettendo all’utente finale di monitorare in tempo reale le concentrazioni degli analiti di interesse biologico in fluidi corporei, consentendo la diagnosi di potenziali patologie, la corretta somministrazione di farmaci o più semplicemente il controllo dello stato di buona salute. In questo elaborato sono stati dunque sviluppati dei sensori chimici indossabili, basati sul polimero conduttore PEDOT:PSS (applicato sotto forma di inchiostro per stampa serigrafica) in sinergia con materiali tessili per uso medico (forniti dall’azienda Plastod S.p.A. di Bologna), per la determinazione della concentrazione di ione cloruro nel sudore e del pH in essudato di ferita, attraverso la funzionalizzazione del PEDOT:PSS con particelle di Ag/AgCl e particelle di iridio ossido (IrOx). L’architettura del dispositivo, che è ispirata ai transistor elettrochimici organici (OECTs - Organic ElectroChemical Transistors), è in grado di generare un effetto di “gate” elettrochimico che permette un’amplificazione intrinseca del segnale. Inoltre, la struttura è notevolmente semplificata grazie alla presenza di soli due terminali sul dispositivo rispetto ai classici tre degli OECT. La fabbricazione dei dispositivi è stata ottimizzata attraverso lo studio della produzione dei contatti elettrici tessili e della formulazione dell’inchiostro per stampa serigrafica, mentre le prestazioni sensoristiche sono state valutate tramite applicazione di potenziali costanti durante analisi tradizionali nelle quali il dispositivo era immerso nella soluzione investigata ed analisi in flusso ideate in modo da simulare la sudorazione o la produzione di essudato da parte di una ferita.

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GIANAZZA, ERICA. « Ricerca di biomarcatori proteici per il carcinoma a cellule renali e la nefropatia diabetica in fluidi biologici mediante spettrometria di massa ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19694.

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The research project is focused on the evaluation of proteome in biological fluids from patients with renal cell carcinoma and diabetic nephropathy by a ClinProt-MALDI-TOF approach. Currently there aren’t specific biomarkers for an earlier diagnosis of RCC and nephropathic development especially in T1D patients. The most promising MS-based screening methods for the discovery of multiple biomarkers in body fluids is ClinProt, which couple a prefractionation chromatographic step with MS analysis. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney malignancy and its incidence is increasing worldwide each year. Since patients have a poor prognosis due to a lack of sensitivity to radio- and chemio-therapies biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring the state of disease are urgently needed. Concerning the diabetic nephropathy, it is the major vascular complication of type 1 diabetes and it is the leading cause of the end stage renal disease worldwide. The earliest diagnostic sign for the presence of diabetic renal damage is an increase in the albumin excretion rate, but unfortunately it isn’t an accurate predictor. So the study was aimed to perform profiling studies on urine/serum of healthy subjects and patients (RCC and diabetics with nephropathy) linking solid phase extraction technique using functionalized magnetic beads to MS analysis. In addition the proteome investigation was extended on patients with a non-RCC tumor allowing to distinguish different renal diseases. These results provided basis for the development of clinically valid proteins/peptides patterns for RCC and diabetic nephropathy diagnosis, improving the knowledge of the pathological processes in disease development.

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GIANNATEMPO, GIOVANNI. « Ricerca di marcatori molecolari del carcinoma del cavo orale nei fluidi biologici, quali sangue e saliva, a fini di diagnosi precoce e prognosi ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363213.

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Il carcinoma a cellule squamose è il più frequente tumore maligno del cavo orale (1, 2) ed è la sesta causa di mortalità legata a tumore nel mondo. Esso è caratterizzato da un basso tasso di sopravvivenza, dovuto principalmente alla diagnosi tardiva ed all’elevata frequenza di recidive e/o metastasi. Nel mio studio si è pertanto cercato di individuare dei marcatori a livello salivare che potessero facilitare la diagnosi precoce, utilizzando la metodica SELDI, e verificare le già note potenzialità della Survivina come marcatore biologico, al fine di rendere quindi possibile, in futuro, l’impiego della saliva come mezzo diagnostico, sia sfruttando i vantaggi che la caratterizzano, quali semplicità e rapidità di raccolta, assenza di rischi per l’operatore e minimo disagio per il paziente al momento del prelievo ,sia cercando di risolvere le problematiche legate al suo utilizzo in ambito clinico e non solo laboratoristico. Essendo riusciti nell’intento di evidenziare un nuovo marcatore, auspichiamo che nei prossimi anni si possano continuare le ricerche in modo tale da poterne evidenziare altri e standardizzarne le variazioni in condizioni patologiche.

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DOMAKOSKI, ANA CAROLINA. « Impiego di un array di sensori di gas e di tecniche gascromatografiche per lo studio di patologie e forme cellulari attraverso l'analisi di composti volatili rilasciati dai fluidi biologici ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201857.

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The present thesis describes the potentials that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have in diagnostics as well as the results achieved by using innovative analytical systems (such as SPME-GC/MS spectrometer and electronic nose instruments) to reveal pathologies, inflammatory processes, metabolic disorders, infections and degenerative cellular processes, also occurring in the early stages. Therefore, in collaboration with both clinicians and research groups of medicine and biology, chemistry and electronic engineering, three different experiments were carried out and here described. The first one was related to the application of both a homemade electronic nose (Department of Electronic Engineering of “Tor Vergata” University), based quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) differently coated with metal porphyrins (synthesized in the Laboratory of Chemistry of “Tor Vergata” University), and a SPME-GC/MS spectrometer to investigate the pattern of the volatile compounds of synovial fluids coming from several patients suffering from two different knee‟s rheumatic diseases (“Tor Vergata” General Hospital, Medicine Department). In this case a greater abundance of volatile compounds in OA than RA. The biomarkers for differential diagnosis between OA and RA are still defective. Through the analysis of the head space of the synovial fluid by NE, good discrimination was obtained between the different pathologies considered the results indicate that the VOC mixture in the synovial fluid of patients with OA is different from that of patients with RA. The second one involved a similar equipment, whereas the electronic nose contained an increased number of sensors, to investigate VOCs from living mice (i.e. breath, skin, urine, faeces) infected with erythrocytes containing different strains of plasmodium (Higher Health Institute, ISS). The results by Plasmodium berghei infection alters the profile of VOCs released, NE analysis of the entire murine volatiloma has led to a good discrimination between a group of healthy mice and one of malaria-affected rats. The GC/MS was detected by a set of VOCs whose concentration was statistically different between infected and uninfected mice. The last one provided an intriguing investigation, using the same instrumentation, on the pattern of volatile compounds from stem cell (specifically Induced Pluripotent Stem cell) in the different stages of differentiation (Department of Genetics). In each application, a suitable measurement protocol was arranged. All the results were treated with statistical analysis and multicomponent analysis. The results support the hypothesis that the volatile fraction of the metabolic profile changes along the differentiation process as a reflection of the variations occurring in the cells. The GC/MS shows a number of compounds that can discriminate between the various stages of differentiation. The NE shows good ability to discriminate between different cellular stages, from pluripotency to differentiated cells.

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Cardillo, Giulia. « Fluid Dynamic Modeling of Biological Fluids : From the Cerebrospinal Fluid to Blood Thrombosis ». Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX110.

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Dans cette thèse, trois modèles mathématiques ont été proposés, avec l’objectif de modéliser autant d’aspects complexes de la biomédecine, dans lesquels la dynamique des fluides du système joue un rôle fondamental: i) les interactions fluide-structure entre la pulsatilité du liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière (modélisation analytique); ii) dispersion efficace d’un médicament dans l’espace sous-arachnoïdien (modélisation numérique); et iii) la formation et l’évolution d’un thrombus au sein du système cardiovasculaire (modélisation numérique).Le liquide céphalorachidien est un fluide aqueux qui entoure le cerveau et la moelle épinière afin de les protéger. Une connaissance détaillée de la circulation du liquide céphalorachidien et de son interaction avec les tissus peut être importante dans l’étude de la pathogenèse de maladies neurologiques graves, telles que la syringomyélie, un trouble qui implique la formation de cavités remplies de liquide (seringues) dans la moelle épinière.Par ailleurs, dans certains cas, des analgésiques - ainsi que des médicaments pour le traitement de maladies graves telles que les tumeurs et les infections du liquide céphalorachidien - doivent être administrés directement dans le liquide céphalorachidien. L’importance de connaître et de décrire l’écoulement du liquide céphalorachidien, ses interactions avec les tissus environnants et les phénomènes de transport qui y sont liés devient claire. Dans ce contexte, nous avons proposé: un modèle capable de décrire les interactions du liquide céphalo-rachidien avec la moelle épinière, considérant cela, pour la première fois, comme un milieu poreux imprégné de différents fluides (sang capillaire et veineux et liquide céphalo-rachidien); et un modèle capable d’évaluer le transport d’un médicament dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien, une cavité annulaire remplie de liquide céphalo-rachidien qui entoure la moelle épinière.Avec le troisième modèle proposé, nous entrons dans le système cardiovasculaire.Dans le monde entière, les maladies cardiovasculaires sont la cause principale de mortalité. Parmi ceux-ci, nous trouvons la thrombose, une condition qui implique la formation d’un caillot à l’intérieur d’un vaisseau sanguin, qui peut causer sa occlusion. À cet égard, un modèle numérique a été développé qui étudie la formation et l’évolution des thrombus, en considérant simultanément les aspects chimico-biomécaniques et dynamiques des fluides du problème. Dans le modèle proposé pour la première fois, l'importance du rôle joué par les gradients de contrainte de cisaillement dans le processus de thrombogenèse est pris en compte.Les modèles sélectionnés ont fourni des résultats intéressants. Tout d’abord, l’étude des interactions fluide-structure entre le liquide céphalo-rachidien et la moelle épinière a mis en évidence es conditions pouvant induire l’apparition de la syringomyélie. Il a été observé comment la déviation des valeurs physiologiques du module d’Young de la moelle épinière, les pressions capillaires dans l’interface moelle-espace sousarachnoïdien et la perméabilité des compartiments capillaire et veineux, conduisent à la formation de seringues.Le modèle de calcul pour l’évaluation de la dispersion pharmacologique dans l’espace sousarachnoïdien a permis une estimation quantitatif de la diffusivité effective du médicament, une quantité qui peut aider à l’optimisation des protocoles d’injections intrathécales.Le modèle de thrombogenèse a fourni un instrument capable d’étudier quantitativement l’évolution des dépôts de plaquettes dans la circulation sanguine. En particulier, les résultats ont fourni des informations importantes sur la nécessité de considérer le rôle de l’activation mécanique et de l’agrégation des plaquettes aux côtés de la substance chimique
In the present thesis, three mathematical models are described. Three different biomedical issues, where fluid dynamical aspects are of paramount importance, are modeled: i) Fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid pulsatility and the spinal cord (analytical modeling); ii) Enhanced dispersion of a drug in the subarachnoid space (numerical modeling); and iii) Thrombus formation and evolution in the cardiovascular system (numerical modeling).The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a liquid that surrounds and protects the brain and the spinal cord. Insights into the functioning of cerebrospinal fluid are expected to reveal the pathogenesis of severe neurological diseases, such as syringomyelia that involves the formation of fluid-filled cavities (syrinxes) in the spinal cord.Furthermore, in some cases, analgesic drugs -- as well drugs for treatments of serious diseases such as cancers and cerebrospinal fluid infections -- need to be delivered directly into the cerebrospinal fluid. This underscores the importance of knowing and describing cerebrospinal fluid flow, its interactions with the surrounding tissues and the transport phenomena related to it. In this framework, we have proposed: a model that describes the interactions of the cerebrospinal fluid with the spinal cord that is considered, for the first time, as a porous medium permeated by different fluids (capillary and venous blood and cerebrospinal fluid); and a model that evaluates drug transport within the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space around the spinal cord --namely the subarachnoid space--.The third model deals with the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, among these diseases, thrombosis is a condition that involves the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. A computational model that studies thrombus formation and evolution is developed, considering the chemical, bio-mechanical and fluid dynamical aspects of the problem in the same computational framework. In this model, the primary novelty is the introduction of the role of shear micro-gradients into the process of thrombogenesis.The developed models have provided several outcomes. First, the study of the fluid-structure interactions between cerebro-spinal fluid and the spinal cord has shed light on scenarios that may induce the occurrence of Syringomyelia. It was seen how the deviation from the physiological values of the Young modulus of the spinal cord, the capillary pressures at the SC-SAS interface and the permeability of blood networks can lead to syrinx formation.The computational model of the drug dispersion has allowed to quantitatively estimate the drug effective diffusivity, a feature that can aid the tuning of intrathecal delivery protocols.The comprehensive thrombus formation model has provided a quantification tool of the thrombotic deposition evolution in a blood vessel. In particular, the results have given insight into the importance of considering both mechanical and chemical activation and aggregation of platelets

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Trejo, Soto Claudia Andrea. « Front Microrheology of biological Fluids ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400566.

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Since Poiseuille times, several techniques has been developed to measure the viscosity of blood. During the 60's and 70's, with the appearance of the first rheomethers, the rheological properties of blood were accurately measured and a behavior dependent of the velocity gradient of the fluid flow was determined. As well, it was observed that blood had shear thinning properties, meaning, that if the velocity of the blood flow increases, the viscosity of blood decreases. From a medical point of view, blood and its blood plasma are the most effective fluids to detect global pathologies in human and animals. These pathologies may be related to their viscosities, their plasma proteins, or the properties of its red blood cells, as their aggregation, deformability or the elastic properties of its cellular membrane. Lately, with the birth of microfluidics at the beginnings of the 90’s, new techniques for the diagnostic of diseases has been developed. The avantages in the use of microfluidic devices for diagnostics are: the low amount of sample required to perform a measure, their portability, that they are easy to use and the low cost of its fabrication. The aim of this thesis project was to extend the study of front microrheology through the development of a device and method that describes accurately the non-linear rheology of biofluids, mainly blood, by means of a simple optical detection method based on tracking the fluid-air interface moving inside a microchannel. We centered in the fluid front (interface fluid-air) since is a direct, easy and cheap method to study fluid flows. In order to achieve this, we first had to developed a microfluidic device and method which would allow us to obtain a clear image of the fluid front. This was made, using a microscope and a high speed camera. The images obtained with the camera were analyzed by means of a computational code developed in Wolfram Mathematica©. The thesis work was mainly experimental comprinsing: fabrication of microfluidic devices and experiments with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Our results have been compared with theoretical and bibliographical results. The original results from this thesis are separated in two parts. The first part of the research was dedicated to the study the interface fluid-air of flows of Newtonian fluids. In order, to achieve reliable viscosity results with our device and method, and prove our system as a viscometer, we tested several fluids, including blood plasma which is known to be Newtonian. Our results were compared with the results obtained with a different viscometer to prove their reliability. This part of the study states our microfluidic device and method as a viscometer. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to extend the results for Newtonian fluid to non-linear hemorheology and comprises all the results for blood. Blood is essentially a difficult fluid to manipulate and study. In general, it presents non-Newtonian properties as shear thinning, meaning, that its viscosity decreases as the stress or the shear rate increases. This non-Newtonian properties are due to plasma proteins and especial characteristics of its red blood cells. With our device and method we were able to observe the non-Newtonian behavior of blood and to obtain its viscosity at different shear rates and stresses. As well, we related its viscosity to some of its red blood cells properties, as their tendency to form aggregates and the flexibility of their cellular membrane. The studies of blood were developed at different hematocrits, different dates from the extraction of the sample and with anemic blood and blood with alphathalessemia. In general, our device and method is usefull as a viscometer and rheometer, as well as, it enables to establish a relation between blood viscosity and its red blood cells characteristics.
Desde los tiempos de Poiseuille, se han desarrollado variadas técnicas para medir la viscosidad de la sangre. Durante las décadas de los 60’s y 70’s con la aparición de los primeros reómetros las propiedades reológicas de la sangre fueron medidas y se determinó su comportamiento dependiente del gradiente de velocidad. Además se observó que posee un comportamiento pseudoplástico, es decir, que a medida que aumenta su velocidad su viscosidad disminuye. Desde un punto de vista médico, la sangre y su plasma sanguíneo son los fluidos más eficaces para la detección de patologías globales. Estas patologías pueden estar relacionadas con su viscosidad, con las proteínas presentes en el plasma o con las propiedades de sus glóbulos rojos, como su agregación, deformabilidad o la capacidad elástica de su membrana celular. En los últimos años, con el nacimiento de la microfluídica a principio de los 90’s, nuevas técnicas para el diagnóstico de enfermedades se han desarrollado. La ventaja del uso de la microfluídica en el diagnóstico de enfermedades viene dada por: el bajo requerimiento de muestra para realizar la detección, su portabilidad, la facilidad de uso y el bajo costo de su fabricación. El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido el estudio de la interfase fluido-aire, por medio del desarrollo de un dispositivo microfluídico y método sencillo que permite obtener la viscosidad tanto de fluidos newtonianos e.g. plasma sanguíneo y sangre con un error no superior al 10%. Además de ser capaces de observar el comportamiento no-Newtoniano de la sangre, y a su vez, relacionar su viscosidad con características específicas de sus células rojas como la agregación y la flexibilidad de su membrana. Los estudios de sangre se realizaron a distintos hematocritos, distintos días desde la extracción de la muestra y muestras de anemia y alfa-talasemia. La tesis ha sido desarrollada principalmente desde un punto de vista experimental y está separada en 2 partes. La primera contempla los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de frentes de fluidos Newtonianos. La segunda parte se centra en los resultados obtenidos para la sangre y su relación con las propiedades de sus células rojas.

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Montenegro-Johnson, Thomas D. « Microscopic swimming in biological fluids ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4220/.

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Fluid interactions are ubiquitous in the natural world; all organisms must find strategies to generate, utilise or resist flow in order to be successful. A process fundamental to all life on earth is reproduction, which in many cases entails the swimming of sperm cells. Cell swimming arises from coupled interactions between physical and biological processes. We will focus on the effects of changing fluid rheology on microscopic swimmers, with a particular application to the study of internal mammalian fertilisation. To reach the egg, mammalian sperm must navigate the convoluted geometry of the female reproductive tract, actively bending their flagella in order to propel themselves through cervical mucus: a suspension of polymer chains that twist, tangle and align with flow, giving it complex properties. Whilst recent work has examined the effects of fluid viscoelasticity on sperm-like swimmers, relatively less attention has been given to the shear-thinning property. We develop a new finite element technique to simulate free swimmers with prescribed beat kinematics in shear-thinning fluids with nonlinear governing equations. This technique is then applied to three qualitatively different viscous swimmers in order to examine the different phenomena that arise from swimmer interactions with of shear-thinning fluid.

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Livres sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

Gomez, Frank A. Biological applications of microfluidics. Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley, 2008.

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Gomez, Frank A. Biological applications of microfluidics. Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley, 2008.

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Michel-Yves, Jaffrin, Caro Colin G et World Congress of Biomechanics (2nd : 1994 : Amsterdam, Netherlands), dir. Biological flows. New York : Plenum Press, 1995.

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Hormone assays in biological fluids. New York : Humana Press, 2013.

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Wheeler, Michael J., et J. S. Morley Hutchinson, dir. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592599869.

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Wheeler, Michael J., dir. Hormone Assays in Biological Fluids. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-616-0.

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Spagnolie, Saverio E., dir. Complex Fluids in Biological Systems. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2065-5.

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J, Wheeler M., et Hutchinson J. S. M, dir. Hormone assays in biological fluids. Totowa, N.J : Humana Press, 2006.

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Computational hydrodynamics of capsules and biological cells. Boca Raton : Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2010.

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Analysis of drugs in biological fluids. Boca Raton, Fla : CRC Press, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

Roselli, Robert J., et Kenneth R. Diller. « Rheology of Biological Fluids ». Dans Biotransport : Principles and Applications, 107–68. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8119-6_4.

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Giddens, Don P., Tongdar D. Tang et Francis Loth. « Fluid Mechanics of Arterial Bifurcations ». Dans Biological Flows, 51–68. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9471-7_4.

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Blows, William T. « Fluid balance ». Dans The Biological Basis of Clinical Observations, 119–33. Third edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315143552-6.

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Pedley, T. J. « New Perspectives in Biological Fluid Dynamics ». Dans Biological Flows, 31–49. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9471-7_3.

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Alrawashdeh, Wasfi, et Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic. « Biomarker Discovery in Biological Fluids ». Dans Sample Preparation in Biological Mass Spectrometry, 291–326. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0828-0_17.

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Velesiotis, Christos, Stella Vasileiou et Demitrios H. Vynios. « Analyzing Hyaluronidases in Biological Fluids ». Dans The Extracellular Matrix, 127–42. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9133-4_12.

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Vincent, Fabien B., et Tali Lang. « Measuring MIF in Biological Fluids ». Dans Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor, 47–56. New York, NY : Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9936-1_5.

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Palkovits, Roland, Christian Mayer et Thomas G. M. Schalkhammer. « Analysis in Complex Biological Fluids ». Dans Analytical Biotechnology, 300–322. Basel : Birkhäuser Basel, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8101-2_9.

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Subramanian, K. S. « Trace Elements in Biological Fluids ». Dans Biological Trace Element Research, 130–57. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0445.ch011.

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Beaven, M. A. « Radioenzymatic Assays in Biological Fluids ». Dans Histamine and Histamine Antagonists, 39–48. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75840-9_5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

Tovar-Lopez, Francisco J., K. Khoshmanesh, M. Nasabi, Gary Rosengarten et Arnan Mitchell. « Characterization of high fluid strain micro contractions to study the stress on biological fluids ». Dans Smart Materials, Nano-and Micro-Smart Systems, sous la direction de Dan V. Nicolau et Guy Metcalfe. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.813943.

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Wang, Z., Y. Zhang et E. Zheng. « Resistivity measurement of biological fluids ». Dans Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.95065.

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Sablinskas, Valdas, Sonata Adomaviciute et Martynas Velicka. « COLLOIDAL SERS SPECTROSCOPY OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS ». Dans 2020 International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2020.wi04.

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Tregubov, Vladimir. « Mathematical modeling of biological fluid flows ». Dans 2014 2nd International Conference on Emission Electronics (ICEE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emission.2014.6893982.

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Majumdar, Rwitajit, J. S. Rathore et N. N. Sharma. « Simulation of swimming Nanorobots in biological fluids ». Dans 2009 4th International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icara.2000.4803912.

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Takayama, Shuichi, Yi-Chung Tung et Bor-Han Chueh. « Biological Micro/Nanofluidics ». Dans ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52087.

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Many biological studies, drug screening methods, and cellular therapies require culture and manipulation of living cells outside of their natural environment in the body. The gap between the cellular microenvironment in vivo and in vitro, however, poses challenges for obtaining physiologically relevant responses from cells used in basic biological studies or drug screens and for drawing out the maximum functional potential from cells used therapeutically. One of the reasons for this gap is because the fluidic environment of mammalian cells in vivo is microscale and dynamic whereas typical in vitro cultures are macroscopic and static. This presentation will give an overview of efforts in our laboratory to develop programmable microfluidic systems that enable spatio-temporal control of both the chemical and fluid mechanical environment of cells. The technologies and methods close the physiology gap to provide biological information otherwise unobtainable and to enhance cellular performance in therapeutic applications. Specific biomedical topics that will be discussed include subcellular signalling in normal and cancer cells, in vitro fertilization on a chip, studies of the effect of physiological and pathological fluid mechanical stresses on endothelial and epithelial cells, and microfluidic stem cell engineering. In the nanoscale regime, tunable nanochannels that can manipulate single DNA molecules will be discussed.

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Bensaidane, Hakim. « 2D finite element modeling of magnetic MEMS and coupled model with fluid mechanic problem : Application to biological pumping fluids ». Dans Multi-Physics simulation and Experiments in Microelectronics. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esime.2008.4525010.

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Dubolazov, A. V., V. Marchuk, O. I. Olar, V. T. Bachinskiy, O. Ya Vanchuliak, N. V. Pashkovska, D. Andriychuk et S. V. Kostiuk. « Multiparameter correlation microscopy of biological fluids polycrystalline networks ». Dans Eleventh International Conference on Correlation Optics, sous la direction de Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053853.

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Dubolazov, A. V., O. Ya Vanchuliak, M. Garazdiuk, M. I. Sidor, A. V. Motrich et S. V. Kostiuk. « Polarization-phase tomography of biological fluids polycrystalline structure ». Dans Eleventh International Conference on Correlation Optics, sous la direction de Oleg V. Angelsky. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053861.

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Sakhnovskiy, M. Yu, et V. N. Balazyuk. « Polarization-phase imaging of biological fluids polycrystalline structure ». Dans SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, sous la direction de G. Groot Gregory et Arthur J. Davis. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2024321.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fluidi Biologici"

Liepmann, Dorian. Mixing and Processing of Complex Biological Fluids. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada414038.

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Lin, Emil T., Leslie Z. Benet, Robert A. Upton et Winnie L. Gee. Analysis of Investigational Drugs in Biological Fluids - Method Development and Routine Assay. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, juin 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238981.

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Singh, Rajesh, Marshall Richmond, Pedro Romero-Gomez, Cynthia Rakowski et John Serkowski. Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations for Biological Performance Assessment in Hydropower units. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798166.

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Pryfogle, Peter Albert. Comparison of Selective Culturing and Biochemical Techniques for Measuring Biological Activity in Geothermal Process Fluids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/911015.

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Lin, Emil T. Analysis of Investigational Drugs in Biological Fluids - Method Development and Analysis of Pre-Clinical Samples. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399915.

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Brozik, Susan Marie, Laura J. Douglas Frink, George David Bachand, David J. Keller, Elizabeth L. Patrick, Jason A. Marshall, Lauren A. Meyer, Ryan W. Davis, James A. Brozik et Jeb Hunter Flemming. Integration of biological ion channels onto optically addressable micro-fluidic electrode arrays for single molecule characterization. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920735.

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Zaraisky, E. I. Detection of PAMG-1 oncoantigen using nanogold conjugates with monoclonal antibodies in samples of biological fluids. Editors of the Eurasian Scientific Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/esj_n12_2018-145-150.

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Garrison, Laura A., Richard K. Fisher, Jr., Michael J. Sale et Glenn Cada. Application of biological design criteria and computational fluid dynamics to investigate fish survival in Kaplan turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juillet 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218120.

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Lin, Emil T. Analysis of Investigational Drugs in Biological Fluids - Method Development and Analysis of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Samples. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391522.

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Glushko, E. Ya, et A. N. Stepanyuk. Optopneumatic medium for precise indication of pressure over time inside the fluid flow. Астропринт, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2874.

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In this work, a gas-filled 1D elastic pneumatic photonic crystal is proposed as an optical indicator of pressure which can unite several pressure scales of magnitude. The indicator includes layered elastic platform, optical fibers and switching valves, all enclosed into a chamber. We have investigated the pneumatic photonic crystal bandgap structure and light reflection changes under external pressure. At the chosen parameters the device may cover the pressure interval (0, 10) bar with extremely high accuracy (1 μbar) for actual pressures existing inside the biofluid systems of biological organisms. The size of the indicator is close to 1 mm and may be decreased. The miniaturized optical devices considered may offer an opportunity to organize simultaneous and total scanning monitoring of biofluid pressure in different parts of the circulatory systems.

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