Thèses sur le sujet « Flu / Influenza »
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Cheung, Hoi-yan, et 張凱欣. « Effectiveness of school closure during an epidemic flu ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45171324.
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Lin, Yi-pu. « Molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses from Southern China / ». [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13665686.
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Vu, Chrissy Thuy-Diem. « One Flu East, One Flu West, One Flu Over the Cuckoo's Nest : A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Pandemic Influenza Paradoxes in Epidemiology ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71336.
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This comparative case study examining epidemiological practices in Vietnam and the US revealed three pandemic influenza paradoxes: The paradox of attribution which asserts that pandemic influenza comes exclusively from Asia even though historical evidence points to the contrary; the paradox of prevention which encourages industrial methods (i.e., factory farming) for combating influenza even though there is conflicting evidence for any superiority of this method in terms of means of production or disease prevention; and the paradox of action where epidemiologists act in ways not consistent with prevailing epidemiological recommendations. The existence of these paradoxes may, in fact, impede efforts at stopping and preventing pandemic influenza. In order to find the root causes of these paradoxes, this study examined indigenous media and historical and contemporary research reports on pandemic influenza. This archival information was juxtaposed to viewpoints garnered from ethnographic interviews with epidemiologists who have worked in Vietnam, the United States, or in both countries. This study found that these paradoxes endure because of the dual nature of science " the known and the unknown elements of current knowledge " and assumptions made between the two. The dual nature of science describes both the information that has been codified and information that has not been codified and the implications between the two. In other words, in between the spaces of known information, there are attempts to fill in the gaps in knowledge, which results in paradoxes. Of particular importance in this gap-filling process are the three "C's" of collaboration, conflict, and competition. Collaboration is integral to the successful prevention of influenza pandemics; however, it is this same collaboration wherein which epidemiologists are trained to be so highly specialized that they often depend on unvetted external expert information. Conflict and competition occur from the geopolitical level all they way down to the level of the individual epidemiologist and are influenced by the political and scientific economy along with social and cultural factors.Ph. D.
4
Guan, Yi. « Molecular epidemiology of swine influenza A viruses from southern China / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19667280.
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Moskaliuk, V. D., et O. I. Golyar. « Analysis of epidemic influenza morbidity in Chernivtsi region ». Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64648.
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Грип може сприяти формуванню хронічних
патологічних процесів не тільки в дихальних шляхах (у тому
числі інфекційно-алергічних – бронхіальна астма), але й в інших
органах і системах (у серці – міокардит, у нирках –
гломерулонефрит, у нервовій системі – неврит, невралгія). Тому
рання і ефективна корекція вірусних змін, неспецифічного і
специфічного імунного захисту організму є необхідною умовою
адекватного, успішного лікування.Influenza and acute respiratory viral diseases remain relevant health problem both in Ukraine and in the world. Important is control over their distribution among the population, prevention and prediction of epidemics and pandemics. Deaths from flu and its complications ranks first among all infectious diseases. The structure of mortality are among the leaders 65rokiv older patients - 80 - 90%. Much of the prevalence, property damage, social and medical consequences clearly confirm the need to combat them. Due to the extreme variability of the pathogen influenza and currently remains uncontrolled infection that necessitates its further research to solve this problem on a global scale.
6
Bacon, Matthew Neil. « An antiviral peptide targeting influenza and parainfluenza ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17861.
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Respiratory virus infections, such as those caused by influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing world. Currently, the main means of control of influenza virus infection is vaccination, which requires advanced knowledge of the strain that will be prevalent each year. Alternative strategies involve the use of anti-viral drugs, which function primarily as a prophylactic. Currently, there are five main drugs available against influenza, the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantidine) and the neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir). However, major problems exist with antivirals, notably the development of drug resistance. This means that new drugs are urgently required that also satisfy the need to intervene at specific phases of the infection. This thesis describes the development of a peptide with anti-influenza virus activity (Flupep), from which a library of closely related peptides were synthesised, with the aim of optimising antiviral efficacy. Peptides were tested in vitro using a plaque reduction assay on cultured cell lines, Vero and MDCK for parainfluenza and influenza respectively. Two strains of influenza and two of parainfluenza were used, covering the main subtypes that infect humans: Influenza A, Influenza B, PIV2 and PIV3. The plaque assay involved mixing a fixed dose of virus with dilutions of peptide and infecting the cultured cells, followed by incubation for between 3 and 14 days. The cells were then fixed, stained and plaques counted as a measure of viral infectivity. Previous work had shown that Flupep both interacts with haemagglutinin and is an antagonist of inflammatory cytokines. As a possible explanation for antiviral activity, binding affinity of the peptide to haemagglutinin was measured utilising enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. However, significant binding was not detected, suggesting non-specific binding and anti-inflammatory potential are more important routes for antiviral activity. Peptides which demonstrated greater than 90% plaque knockdown in vitro were evaluated in vivo. Anaesthetised mice were infected with influenza A and administered with the peptide concurrently. Following infection, body weights were measured daily and clinical signs, such as shortness of breath, quality of coat and posture, were monitored as indicators of overall health. Most mice were culled on the seventh day post-infection and lung viral titres were determined using a plaque assay. Two peptides were identified with high efficacy against influenza. These peptides, when used in vivo, improved clinical signs of and dramatically reduced levels of infectious virus in the lungs by 7 days post infection. The peptide with highest efficacy was PEGylated and subsequently shown to possess therapeutic potential. Intranasal administration of the PEG-peptide to anaesthetised mice, on the two days subsequent to infection with influenza A, revealed a 17-fold fall in lung viral titres by the fourth day post-infection. Overall, Flupep demonstrates great potential as a future therapeutic agent for treatment of Influenza and potentially Parainfluenza.
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林一普 et Yi-pu Lin. « Molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses from Southern China ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233806.
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Gelder, Colin Malcolm. « Human CD4+ T cell recognition of influenza A haemagglutinin ». Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339198.
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Poon, Ping-yeung. « A study of the HKSAR government's strategy to manage avian flu outbreaks ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967292.
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Ho, Chi-keung Albert. « A policy analysis of the prevention of human infection of Avian Flu in Hong Kong / ». View the Table of Contents & ; Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31363301.
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Luchsinger, Rebecca. « Creation and evaluation of an informational website about the influenza vaccination ». The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623568.
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Class of 2011 AbstractOBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to create and evaluate the usability and credibility of an informational website about the influenza vaccination. METHODS: This was a descriptive study of user’s reactions to a website. Questionnaires administered during a regularly scheduled class collected ratings of the usability and credibility of an informational website about the influenza vaccination; data on vaccination status, year in pharmacy school and plans for future vaccination were also collected. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 8 students. Eighty-eight percent of participants were in their 3rd year of pharmacy school and 62% received the influenza vaccination in the past season. Only one participant had used the internet to access information about vaccines in the past. The means scores for the 9 usability and credibility statements were between 2 to 2.9 indicating agreement with the statements. CONCLUSION: The influenza website is easy to navigate and provides a source of credible information about the influenza vaccination.
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Guan, Yi, et 管軼. « Molecular epidemiology of swine influenza A viruses from southern China ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31236911.
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Davydova, T. V. « Characteristic of immunogencity of seasonal influenza vaccines ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32145.
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Influenza at the present stage is a serious problem, it is the only disease that over the past decade has caused a pandemic. Immunisation is the most important way to contain the infection.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32145
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Ahillen, Caroline. « Agent-based modeling of the spread of the 1918-1919 Spanish Flu in three Canadian fur trading communities ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4582.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 5, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
15
Chiu, Yu-chow. « An analysis of policy agenda-setting in Hong Kong : the avian flu case / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21036822.
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Smith, Tammie. « The 2009 H1N1 influenza A “swine flu” virus presentation in Virginia 2009 ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1990.
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Objective: 2009 H1N1 influenza was first detected in the Northern Hemisphere in April 2009. National data have suggested that the novel influenza virus disproportionately causes severe illness in children and young adults, a somewhat different presentation from traditional seasonal flu which normally strikes hardest in the very young and older adults. This may or may not be the case in Virginia, which, if it is different, may suggest a need to alter flu prevention messages and vaccine policy as the outbreak continues through the fall 2009-10 influenza season. This report examined the early presentation of the new influenza virus in Virginia, compared with the seasonal flu presentation. Methods: Surveillance data of influenza-like illness (ILI) visits to hospital emergency departments and urgent care centers for the period Oct. 2008 to Aug. 2009 were obtained from the Virginia Department of Health. The period from Oct. 2008-March 2009 was considered to be the normal flu season, while April-Aug. 2009 was considered as the 2009 (novel) H1N1 flu season. Descriptive statistics looked for differences by age, region and sex with respect to the proportion of visits that were for influenza-like illness compared to all reported illness for the normal and H1N1 flu seasons. Chi square and p-values were used to assess the level and significance of differences between flu seasons. Results: While the 2009 H1N1 influenza was a novel virus that, like all influenza viruses, could mutate and change into a form causing more severe illness, during the early months of the epidemic/pandemic, the virus did not appear to cause more illness as a percent of all illness compared to the preceding months of influenza in Virginia. Though it was unexpected to have influenza-like illness in the amount seen during April-August 2009, with several exceptions the level of flu-like illness compared to all illness was not higher than during the normal flu season immediately preceding the appearance of the 2009 H1N1 influenza. Conclusion: During the early months of the novel influenza H1N1 epidemic/pandemic in Virginia, the novel influenza virus caused levels of illness that were lower than levels of illness seen during the preceding normal flu season. Further study that examines the novel influenza virus through the end of the 2009-10 season may help to quantify the impact of the new virus. Flu-like illness reports spiked, for instance, as schools and colleges returned for fall 2009 semesters.
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Akupatni, Vivek Bharath. « My4Sight : A Human Computation Platform for Improving Flu Predictions ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56579.
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While many human computation (human-in-the-loop) systems exist in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to solve problems that can't be solved by computers alone, comparatively fewer platforms exist for collecting human knowledge, and evaluation of various techniques for harnessing human insights in improving forecasting models for infectious diseases, such as Influenza and Ebola.
In this thesis, we present the design and implementation of My4Sight, a human computation system developed to harness human insights and intelligence to improve forecasting models. This web-accessible system simplifies the collection of human insights through the careful design of the following two tasks: (i) asking users to rank system-generated forecasts in order of likelihood; and (ii) allowing users to improve upon an existing system-generated prediction. The structured output collected from querying human computers can then be used in building better forecasting models. My4Sight is designed to be a complete end-to- end analytical platform, and provides access to data collection features and statistical tools that are applied to the collected data. The results are communicated to the user, wherever applicable, in the form of visualizations for easier data comprehension. With My4Sight, this thesis makes a valuable contribution to the field of epidemiology by providing the necessary data and infrastructure platform to improve forecasts in real time by harnessing the wisdom of the crowd.Master of Science
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Dulude, Alexandra. « CANCER PATIENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS INFLUENZA VACCINATION AND THE PREVALENCE OF VACCINATION IN CANCER PATIENTS ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/528169.
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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.Introduction: Thousands of people die from influenza or its complications each year despite the fact that it is one of the few vaccine preventable diseases. Immunocompromised cancer patients are among the most vulnerable to this infection and flu‐related complications, and therefore vaccination is highly recommended in these patients; however, current vaccination rates and attitudes towards vaccination remain unknown. We hypothesize that immunization rates are lower than the 100% recommendation rate, and hope to understand the reasoning behind the discrepancy. The purpose of this study is to assess cancer patient attitudes towards influenza vaccination in an effort to minimize barriers to vaccination and eventually increase vaccination rates in this immunocompromised population. Methods: Cancer patients enrolled in phase I clinical oncology trials at the Virginia G Piper Cancer Center at Scottsdale Healthcare were invited to participate in a voluntary survey. The 15‐item survey consisted of demographic information, knowledge regarding the flu vaccine, vaccination status after cancer diagnosis and while on treatment, and general attitudes towards vaccination. A total of 84 cancer patients completed the survey. Results were stratified by age, gender, education level, and vaccination status. As this was a descriptive study, no statistical analyses were performed. Results: A total of 84 (n=84) advanced cancer patients enrolled in phase I clinical oncology trials completed the survey. Results indicate that although 71% of patients received the vaccine prior to cancer diagnosis, only 58% of patients have received the vaccine since their cancer diagnosis, and only 48% have been vaccinated while on cancer treatment. Of those vaccinated since cancer diagnosis, 94% reported doctor recommendation of the vaccine and most vaccinate to protect themselves from the virus. Of those not vaccinated since cancer diagnosis, only 37% report their doctor recommends the vaccine and the majority avoid vaccination because they believe the vaccine can cause the flu, they do not feel at risk of infection, and they do not believe the vaccine is effective. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that although the CDC strongly recommends influenza vaccination in cancer patients due to the risk of secondary complications and even death in these immunocompromised individuals, vaccination rates remain low. Our data demonstrates that patients who receive a doctor recommendation for the vaccine are more likely to be vaccinated, but not all doctors recommend the vaccine. Furthermore, false information regarding the vaccine, its efficacy, and its ability to cause infection continues to deter patients from vaccination. Together, this information offers profound insight into the cancer patient population and suggests the need for increased physician and patient education regarding the benefits of annual influenza vaccination to improve vaccination rates and decrease influenza infection and complications in the future.
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Lau, Siu-pun. « A case study of avian flu outbreak with regard to future emergency plans and waste treatment methods / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2226470X.
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Davis, Alicia Morgan. « CHARACTERIZATION OF INFLUENZA NUCLEOPROTEIN BODY DOMAIN AS ANTIVIRAL TARGET ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/364.
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Influenza is a segmented negative strand RNA virus. Each RNA segment is encapsulated by viral nucleoprotein (NP) and bound by the viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) to form viral ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs) responsible for RNA synthesis. NP is a structural component of the vRNP but also interacts with both viral and host factors to regulate viral RNA expression. NP is conserved among influenza A isolates, making NP interactions compelling antiviral targets. Here I characterize mutations within 5 amino acids of NP that comprise an accessible region of the NP body domain, as determined by NP crystal structure. This region was selected for mutagenesis to target interaction between NP and RdRP.
NPbd3 encodes glycine at 5 amino acids within the accessible NP body domain. Cellular fractionation and Western Blot, in addition to NP-GFP fusions and fluorescence, confirm NPbd3 was expressed and localized as WT-NP. Gel shift with purified NP protein confirm NPbd3 bound nucleic acids as WT-NP. Although NPbd3 was expressed, localized, and bound nucleic acid as WT-NP, I found NPbd3 was defective for RNA expression in reconstituted vRNPs, as evaluated by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To investigate this NP body domain further, single and double amino acid mutations were cloned. Analysis of NP single mutants revealed that all were nearly as functional as WT-NP for RNA expression in reconstituted vRNPs, suggesting these accessible amino acids in the NP body domain play a redundant role. However, four different combinations of two amino acid mutations resulted in NP double mutants that displayed a significant defect in RNA expression in reconstituted vRNPs, confirming these accessible amino acids in the NP body domain play a significant role for viral RNA synthesis.
A disruption in an essential NP interaction with the RdRP is likely the explanation for the RNA defect observed. In support of this, avian influenza virus passaged in human cells resulted in virus with one NP amino acid change in this domain consistently paired with specific changes in the PB2 subunit of the RdRP. I reason this accessible body domain of NP is a viable antiviral target. Indeed, two amino acids in this NP body domain comprise a novel groove implicated in binding the small molecule inhibitor nucleozin. My thesis highlights this conserved NP body domain as an important interaction surface essential for viral RNA synthesis and support further investigation of antiviral drugs that target this region of NP.
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Beckford, Barbara E. « Increasing Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Rates in a Black Inner City Population ». ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3084.
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The seasonal influenza (flu) vaccine has been shown to prevent flu outbreaks that can cause debilitating effects on the body and even death. Underserved members of Black communities are more likely to refuse the flu vaccine than are persons of other ethnicities. The purpose of the project was to determine from a needs assessment the reasons for flu vaccine refusal in the Black population of an inner city clinic in order to develop tailored communication and nursing actions that promote awareness of the flu vaccine's importance and safety. The health belief model constructs (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers) were used to guide the project. A survey based on the constructs of the health belief model was administered to a convenience sample of 40 adult patients in an inner city clinic who completed the anonymous survey while they waited for the physician. Descriptive statistics showed that adults ages 18 to 36, who were the largest group of respondents (n = 33), agreed to be vaccinated and believed the flu to be a serious disease for their age group. Reported barriers to vaccination included finding time to get vaccinated and the belief that the vaccine causes the flu. The findings supported development of an annual seasonal flu vaccine campaign that included verbal and written education, informational posters, social media messages, and a standing order to offer and administer the injection to all adults served by the practice. Social change implications are expected to include decreased morbidity and mortality from flu among the Black inner city patients and closer alignment of the clinic with the Healthy People 2020 vaccination goals.
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Del, Valle Mendoza Juana, Tomàs Pumarola, Gonzales Libertad Alzamora et Valle Luis J. Del. « Antiviral activity of maca (Lepidium meyenii) against human influenza virus ». Elsevier B.V, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/335865.
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Objective: To investigate antiviral activity of maca to reduce viral load in kidney (MDCK) cells infected with influenza type A and B viruses (Flu-A and MFalud-inB-, Dreasrpbeyc ctiavneilny)e. Methods: Maca were extracted with methanol (1:2, v/v). The cell viability and toxicity of the eaxgtariancstts Fwluer-eA e avnaldu aFtleud- oBn v MirDusCeKs cwealsls a usssianyge dm uetshinogd aM TteTs ta sfosar yd. eAtenrtmiviinrainl ga ctthiev itiyn hoifb citoimonp oouf nthdes cytopathic effect on cell culture and multiplex RT-PCR. Results: The methanol extract of maca showed low cytotoxicity and inhibited influenza-induced cytopathic effect significantly, while viral load was reduced via inhibition of viral growth in MDCK infected cells. Maca contains potent inhibitors of Flu-A and Flu-B with a selectivity index [cytotoxic concentration 50%/IC50] of 157.4 and 110.5, respectively. Conclusions: In vitro assays demonstrated that maca has antiviral activity not only against Flu-A (like most antiviral agents) but also Flu-B viruses, providing remarkable therapeutic benefits.Financial support of this study was provided by AECID grants (PCI: C/033641/10) and AGAUR (MAT2009-11503, MAT2012-36205, 2009SGR-1208). JDVM support was provided by 1st Concurso Incentivo a la Investigación de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.
Revisión por pares
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Ho, Chi-keung Albert, et 何志強. « A policy analysis of the prevention of human infection of Avian Flu inHong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45012428.
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Jayawardhana, Udaya Kumara. « An ontology-based framework for formulating spatio-temporal influenza (flu) outbreaks from twitter ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1465941275.
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Anderson, Jamie. « The Looming Threat of an Avian Flu Pandemic : Concepts of Human Security ». Thesis, Boston College, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/374.
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Thesis advisor: Paul GrayAs birds throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa have been infected with an avian influenza, public health experts everywhere are worried that if spread to humans, the world could face a pandemic with proportions similar to the 1918 Spanish influenza. In the past, the federal government has been more concerned with foreign militaries than foreign diseases. But today, the government has devoted over $7.1 billion to preventing a potential pandemic. While much of this goes to research and the production of vaccinations, money is also allocated to strengthen local infrastructures and control the disease in other countries. The fact that the federal government has put so much time and effort to prevent a disease that has affected few humans worldwide, let alone any Americans, points to a growing belief in human security rather than national security. This thesis will evaluate the concept of human security and argue that U.S. action and public opinion regarding the threat of an avian flu pandemic clearly shows decision-making based on human security
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2006
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Chiu, Yu-chow, et 趙汝洲. « An analysis of policy agenda-setting in Hong Kong : the avian flu case ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965799.
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Antão, Catarina Agostinho. « Gripe suína : estudo-de-caso em quatro suiniculturas intensivas da Comunidade Autónoma da Catalunha, Espanha ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1235.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA gripe é uma das doenças infecciosas com maior impacto na história da humanidade devido às pandemias ocorridas nos últimos 100 anos. Nos suínos, o vírus influenza é responsável pela Doença Respiratória Aguda associada a elevados prejuízos económicos. A importância da vigilância epidemiológica do vírus influenza em suínos reside no facto desta espécie ser susceptível à infecção por vírus de origem suína, aviar e humana. A infecção dum mesmo animal com diferentes estirpes e/ou subtipos pode resultar na geração dum novo vírus. Durante a redacção da presente dissertação, o aparecimento duma nova estirpe do subtipo H1N1 fez com que suspendesse esta tarefa durante uma quinzena para acompanhar a evolução da infecção no Homem. No entanto, à data de entrega desta dissertação não está demonstrado que esta nova estirpe tenha tido origem em suínos. O trabalho foi realizado na sequência dum estágio realizado no Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (Barcelona, Espanha) em 4 explorações localizadas na Comunidade Autónoma da Catalunha. A colheita de amostras biológicas foi acompanhada da realização dum inquérito epidemiológico aos produtores. As amostras de sangue de animais de 20 semanas de idade e de reprodutoras foram analisadas num teste ELISA e posteriormente pela inibição da hemaglutinação. Foi realizada uma análise estatística descritiva dos resultados obtidos que são concordantes com os estudos europeus consultados. De facto, os subtipos H1N1, H1N2 e H3N2 cocirculam nas suiniculturas por todo o mundo com predominância do subtipo H3N2 (100%) nas explorações investigadas; existe diferença significativa das seroprevalências (p<0,05) entre animais de 20 semanas de idade e reprodutoras; os sistemas de produção, as características das explorações e as medidas de biossegurança implementadas influenciam a seroprevalência do vírus influenza. A vigilância da emergência de novos subtipos no suíno deve integrar a vigilância dos vírus aviares e humanos, principalmente nas áreas de maior risco, onde as elevadas densidades animais favorecem o contacto entre espécies susceptíveis. É importante desenhar, testar e implementar uma rede de vigilância epidemiológica da gripe suína em Portugal. As pandemias de H5N1 e de gripe mexicana (H1N1), ainda em evolução, são exemplos de cenários epidemiológicos mas também sócio-económicos e políticos que requerem este tipo de informação para tomadas de decisão de Saúde Humana e Animal.
ABSTRACT - The importance of influenza virus is reported in our history by the pandemics of flu during the last 100 years. Swine influenza virus, responsible for Acute Respiratory Disease, has an important economic impact. Swine are susceptible to different influenza virus, as avian, human or swine, being the concomitant infection of the same animal with several strains and/or subtypes determinant for the generation of a new virus. This factor illustrates the importance of a constant epidemiological surveillance. The elaboration of the present thesis was suspended by the recent emergence of a new H1N1 strain, to monitor the international progression of the disease and the knowledge about the biology of the virus. Even though, it was not confirmed that the swine was the origin of this new virus. This report is the result of 4 months of internment ship at CReSA - Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (Barcelona, Spain). Four herds located in Catalunha (Barcelona, Spain) were used for sampling sows and pigs with 20 weeks age. All blood samples were tested by ELISA and the positive ones were confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed with the hemagglutination inhibition results. Our findings are similar to those found by other researchers. Three subtypes – H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 - cocirculate in most herds worldwide. In this study, H3N2 showed a seroprevalence of 100%; seroprevalences were significantly higher (p<0,05) in sows than in pigs at 20 weeks of age; seroprevalences were influenced by the production system, the herd type and biosecurity measures. Swine influenza surveillance must embrace both avian and Human viruses, specially in higher density areas where there is an increased risk for interspecies contact. The implementation of a network of epidemiological surveillance for swine flu is crucial for its prevention and control in Portugal. H5N1 and Mexican flu (H1N1), still progressing, are examples of pandemic, where socio-economic and political events required an accurate control and information on the behalf of Public and Animal Health.
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Тєрьошин, В. О., І. О. Шаповалова, Л. О. Гаврилова, І. В. Прудникова et А. А. Тасенко. « Ефективність комбінованого фітозасобу імупрету при проведенні імунокорекції у хворих на грипозну інфекцію ». Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32322.
Texte intégralRésumé :
В теперішній час грип є вельми актуальною медичною та соціальною проблемою внаслідок масового розповсюдження та періодично виникаючих пандемій, які охоплюють більшість країн світу. Стан імунної системи при вірусних інфекціях, зокрема при грипозній інфекції (ГІ), відіграє ключову роль у розвитку і перебігу патологічного процесу.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32322
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Lau, Siu-pun, et 劉兆賓. « A case study of avian flu outbreak with regard to future emergency plans and waste treatment methods ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254615.
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Poon, Ping-yeung, et 潘炳揚. « A study of the HKSAR government's strategy to manage avian flu outbreaks ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967292.
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Wang, Lili. « The role of T cell immunity in natural influenza A infection in a UK cohort : flu watch ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669930.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A novel influenza A virus bearing the characteristics of high virulence, the ability to infect humans and transmit from human to human, such as the pandemic influenza of 1918, could lead to millions of deaths. The 2009 influenza pandemic demonstrated that a novel influenza A virus could spread globally in a few months despite the availability of modern comprehensive surveillance systems and systemic prevention and control measurements. Novel pandemic strains that could occur naturally or be created in laboratory, pose a serious threat to public health. Current available vaccines are capable to induce neutralizing antibodies against the viral surface antigen hemagglutinin (HA), which provide sterilizing immunity by blocking infection. However this antibody protection is serotype specific and therefore offers limited or no protection against a serologically distinct influenza virus. An alternative vaccine approach is the induction of cross-protective T cell immunity, directed at influenza A conserved internal proteins which could potentially offer broad protection against different influenza strains in humans. This approach may complement antibody-inducing vaccines and greatly enhance the protective efficacy of influenza vaccines. This study builds on previous evidence derived from animal models and human experimental challenge studies, to demonstrate the heterotypic T cell immunity in the context of natural influenza A infection in humans. Pre-existing influenza A specific T cell immunity was quantified by human IFN-γ ELISpot assay and was detectable in over 70% of Flu Watch participants. Nucleoprotein was the most immunodominant viral protein; and the most potent viral protein in eliciting influenza A specific CD8+ T cells. The nucleoprotein specific T cells exhibited high level of cross reactivity to the 2009 pandemic influenza and reduced the occurrence of nasal viral shedding in the absence of antibody immunity, following acquisition of pandemic influenza infections. This study provides evidence to support the development of a T cell based influenza vaccine, and provides important evidence to empower future studies of this kind.
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Gadarowski, Jennifer. « Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices Recommendations, Socioeconomics, Demographics, and Influenza Vaccine Uptake ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6431.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Seasonal influenza outbreaks are associated with morbidity and mortality in the United States. Though children are the most susceptible to influenza infection and are most likely to transmit the illness to others, many children are not vaccinated. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between seasonal influenza vaccination Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and vaccine type among children over 3 consecutive flu seasons. This quantitative cross-sectional study was guided by the social ecology of health model. Secondary data from 3 consecutive flu seasons (2014-2015, 2015-2016, and 2016-2017) provided by the National Health Interview Survey was used for this study. Binary logistic regression and chi-square were used to analyze the data. A relationship between socioeconomic status, demographics (age, race, and family income) and vaccine type (live-attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV]/inactivated influenza vaccine) was established among U.S. children; those who received LAIV were most likely to be White elementary school age children with a higher family income. Demographic and socioeconomic status was not considered influential in LAIV uptake for race, health insurance status, or family income. ACIP recommendations by age and year had the greatest impact on flu vaccine choice for this sample population. The results of this study can lead to social change by providing information for policy that can increase vaccine uptake, which can result in lower health cost and reduced illness and death rates associated with the flu, especially for those most at risk.
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Diaz, Gaisenband Stefan. « Molecular mechanism of influenza A virus restriction by human annexin A6 ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14414.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major threat to human health with seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics and emergence of new highly pathogenic strains from the animal reservoir. Our laboratory has shown that the human Annexin A6 (AnxA6) interacts with the IAV M2 proton channel and limits production of progeny IAV from infected cells. We have found that overexpression of AnxA6 impairs morphogenesis and release of progeny viruses. These findings are supported by another study showing that AnxA6 has a critical role in the late endosomal cholesterol balance and affects IAV replication and propagation in AnxA6-overexpressing cells. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for restriction of IAV morphogenesis by AnxA6 is still unclear. AnxA6 is a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein which plays a major role in cellular events such as regulation of cholesterol homeostasis and membrane organisation or repair. AnxA6 is also implicated in the regulation of intracellular signalling pathways required for IAV infection. In this study, we used a combination of virology, cellular biology and biochemistry approaches to decipher the restriction mechanism of IAV by human AnxA6. We found that AnxA6 down-regulates M2 viral protein expression and impairs viral morphogenesis and budding. We also found that AnxA6 regulates chemokines and cytokines expression during viral infection, suggesting that AnxA6 triggers an innate immune response to IAV by modulating signalling pathways required for viral replication. Finally, we observed that IAV down-regulates AnxA6 expression at mRNA level during early stages of infection and at protein level during late infection, suggesting that IAV has developed a strategy to respond to AnxA6 restriction mechanism during viral infection. We conclude that it is essential to better understand the interaction between human AnxA6 and IAV to elucidate the potential of AnxA6 as an antiviral candidate.
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Upshur, Ross. « More than just the flu?, measuring the impact of influenza on hospitalizations of the elderly in Ontario, 1988-1993 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28754.pdf.
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Song, Ning. « The framing of China's bird flu epedemic by U.S. newspapers influencial [sic] in China how the New York Times and the Washington Post linked the image of the nation to the handling of the disease / ». unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08022007-203809/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Arla G. Bernstein, committee chair; Holley Wilkin, Leonard Teel, committee members. Electronic text (92 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92).
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Madalone, Melissa. « Barriers to Receiving the Influenza Vaccine in Adults 65 Years and Older ». ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1414.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vaccination is regarded by many as the most effective means of reducing influenza infection and disease; however, many people in the United States are hospitalized from flu-related illness each year. Adults 65 years and older account for more than half of these hospitalizations and almost all flu-related deaths. This project aimed to identify barriers to receiving the influenza vaccine among the adult population (> 65 years of age) in a community setting. The goal was to develop a teaching tool that would assist practitioners towards improving influenza vaccination rates among this population. The Health Belief Model was the theoretical framework utilized. The project was conducted at a primary care practice located in a community outside of New York City. Fifty participants (> 65 years) with no prior influenza vaccination were invited to take part in a short survey involving immunization status and reason for lack of influenza vaccination. Participants completed a researcher designed survey in a private location within the practice setting. Descriptive analysis was completed. Results revealed that 45 (32 females and 13 males) participants refused the influenza vaccine based on fear of becoming infected with the flu from the vaccine itself. The remaining 5 (males) participants based their refusal on never having the flu and therefore deemed the vaccine unnecessary. An educational handout was developed to aid in patient education related to influenza vaccination. Future implications involve the utilization of this tool by all healthcare worker and providers, as well as educating the target population in all community settings where influenza vaccines are administered, ultimately reducing the incidences of influenza and its associated complications by overcoming barriers to vaccination.
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Prisner, Simon. « Deciphering the assembly of multi-segment genome complexes in influenza A virus ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18365.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Influenza A besitzt ein segmentiertes, achtsträngiges Genom in negativer Orientierung. Die einzelnen Segmente sind in virale Ribonukleoproteinkomplexe (vRNPs) verpackt. Genomische Segmentierung erlaubt es Influenza, zwischen verschiedenen Stämmen Reassortierung zu betreiben, was zur Entstehung von hochgradig virulenten und potentiell pandemischen neuen Stämmen führen kann.
Die Existenz eines Packungsmechanismus wird vermutet, der sicherstellt dass exakt ein Segment jeden Typs in neu knospende Viren verpackt wird. Es gibt Indizien dafür, dass die vRNPs während ihres Wegs vom Nukleus zur Plasmamembran, wo die Knospung stattfindet, Multi-Segment-Komplexe ausbilden, die durch RNA-RNA-Interaktionen, sog. Packungssignale vermittelt werden. Dieser Prozess ist allerdings noch nicht hinreichend verstanden.
In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue RNA-FISH-Methode namens MuSeq-FISH entwickelt und angewendet, um die spektralen Limitierungen bisheriger Multiplexing-Ansätze zu überwinden und alle vRNA- und mRNA-Spezies vom humanen Stamm A/Panama des Influenza A Virus zu visualisieren. Außerdem wurde ein automatisierter Arbeitsablauf zur Registrierung/Ausrichtung, Punktdetektion, computergestützter Kolokalisationsanalyse und kombinatorischer Analyse der Mikroskopiebilder entwickelt, der auch große Datenmengen verarbeiten kann. Erstmalig wurde damit eine vollständige Kartographierung der Lokalisation und Häufigkeiten alle viralen RNAs in einzelnen Zellen vorgenommen. Aus diesen Daten konnten wir Erkenntnisse zu den Mechanismen und möglichen Hierarchien innerhalb des Packungsprozesses gewinnen. Dazu wurden Reaktionspfade und statistische Analysen von über 60 einzelnen Zellen und mehr als 105 einzelner vRNPs herangezogen. Es wurden auch Informationen über die vRNP-Häufigkeiten und deren Unterschiede zwischen Einzelzellen gewonnen, die zeigen dass sich Infektionsumgebungen auch in großer räumlicher Nähe stark unterscheiden und dadurch den Verpackungsmechanismus beeinflussen können. Weiterhin wurde eine Modellierung basierend auf bedingten Wahrscheinlichkeiten genutzt, um Reaktionskonstanten aus statischen FISH-Daten zu erhalten.
Wir haben unsere Analysen zusätzlich auf den aviären Stamm A/Mallard und die reassortanten Stämme A/Pan-M, A/Pan-NS und A/Pan-NSM erweitert, die ein gemischtes Genom aus A/Panama und A/Mallard enthalten. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich die Packungsdynamiken und -netzwerke auch zwischen nah verwandten Stämmen erheblich unterscheiden. Heterogene Verpackungsprozesse wurden für diese Stämme observiert, anhand welcher A/Pan-M und A/Pan-NS eher A/Mallard zugeordnet werden konnten.
Ebenfalls wurden erste Schritte unternommen, um die Methode in verschiedener Hinsicht zu erweitern: es zeigte sich, dass MuSeq-FISH und STED-Mikroskopie im Prinzip kombinierbar sind, was auch durch gleichzeitige Detektion von drei vRNA-Segmenten gezeigt werden konnte. MuSeq-FISH wurde auch genutzt, um einzelne Virionen direkt nach deren Eintritt in die Zelle zu färben und auf deren genomischen Inhalt hin zu untersuchen. Dabei fiel auf, dass die Segmente 7 und 8 besonders häufig fehlten, wenn unvollständige Genome detektiert wurden. Außerdem wurde ein Plasmidsystem auf Basis des pHW2000-Vektors für fast alle Segmente von A/Panama umkloniert, welches nun die Expression von mRNA ohne die gleichzeitige Expression von vRNA ermöglicht. In einem ersten Experiment konnte die Funktionalität des Systems gezeigt werden, so dass es potentiell in Transfektionsexperimenten die Untersuchung vom Packungsmechanismus ermöglichen kann, und zwar unter infektionsähnlichen Bedingungen mit beliebig kombinierbaren vRNA-Sets.
Wir erwarten, dass MuSeq-FISH zusammen mit dem automatisierten Arbeitsablauf auch eine nützliche Methode für andere biologische Fragestellungen darstellen wird, besonders wenn es um hochgradig kolokalisierte Untersuchungsobjekte geht. Fundiertes Wissen über den Packungsmechanismus von Influenzaviren kann helfen, die Entstehung von pandemischen Stämmen besser zu verstehen und kann Möglichkeiten aufzeigen, neue antivirale Medikamente zu entwickeln.Influenza A has a segmented genome of eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNAs packed into ribonucleoproteins (vRNPs). This segmentation allows reassortment between different strains with the potential to create highly virulent, pandemic new strains. A packaging mechanism is supposed, ensuring the incorporation of one copy of each segment species into budding virions. En route from the nucleus to budding at the plasma membrane, the vRNPs are thought to form multisegment complexes via RNA-RNA and RNP-RNP interactions called packaging signals. This process is not yet completely understood. Here, a new RNA-FISH method (MuSeq-FISH) was introduced to overcome the spectral limits of multiplexing in order to visualize all IAV vRNA and mRNA targets of the human strain A/Panama. An image processing pipeline including image registration, spot detection, automated colocalization analysis and combinatorial analysis was developed, capable of high data throughput. For the first time, a complete map of the localization and abundance of all viral RNAs in individual cells has been generated. This data enabled detailed investigations about the mechanisms and potential hierarchies within the packaging process, which were inferred from pathways and statistical analysis of over 60 individual cells with more than 105 vRNP occurrences. We also gained information about the abundance and cell-to-cell heterogeneity of vRNPs among large sets of infected cells, unravelling that infection environments even in neighboring cells differ strongly in segment composition with an impact on packaging. In addition, conditional probability modelling was conducted to infer reaction constants from inherently static FISH data. We have extended this analysis to the avian strain A/Mallard and the reassortant strains A/Pan-M, A/Pan-NS and A/Pan-NSM, which contain reassorted genomes of A/Panama and A/Mallard. Here we have shown that packaging dynamics and networks differ widely, even among closely related strains. Packaging processes in these strains seemed to be very diverse, however we found A/Pan-M and A/Pan-NS to more closely resemble A/Mallard in terms of packaging. First steps have been taken to extend the method into different directions: combi- nation of MuSeq-FISH with STED imaging is in principle possible and has been applied for simultaneous detection of three vRNA species. MuSeq-FISH was also applied to single IAV virions directly after cell entry in order to study their genome content, where we found segments 7 and 8 to be lacking most frequently. In addition, a system of pHW2000-based plasmids expressing only mRNA has been created for almost all A/Panama segments. The functionality of this system was shown in a proof of concept, so that its use in transfection experiments can serve as a potential instrument to investigate vRNP packaging in artificial infection-like conditions with reduced vRNAs sets of choice. MuSeq-FISH together with its image analysis pipeline will be a useful tool also for other biological questions, especially concerning high-grade colocalization. Further understanding of the vRNP packaging in influenza can help us to understand the emergence of pandemic strains and open up paths to new antiviral medication.
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Souza, Juliana Marta Rodrigues de 1985. « Estudo da dispersão de risco de epizootias em animais = o caso da influenza aviária ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307276.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo MeyerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado do grupo de biomatemática do Instituto de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional da UNICAMP, com auxílio de Bolsa de mestrado da CNPq, é resultado de dois anos, 2008 e 2009, de estudo a respeito da dispersão do risco de contágio do H5N1. Após tratar brevemente da estrutura viral; do papel das aves que sofrem sua ação; dos problemas financeiros que o H5N1 traria ao Brasil e já inflingiu em outras nações; o trabalho concentra-se em modelar e simular um ambiente formado de duas populações de comportamento distinto. A primeira, de aves silvestre, livres, que podem migrar. A segunda população consiste de aves restritas ao controle de um criador; não voam, não se espalham além dos limites da pequena localidade onde são criadas para fins de subsistência. Cada uma das três subdivisões destas populações, de acordo com o status em relação à doença, é modelada por uma equação diferencial parcial, compondo um sistema cuja solução numérica, necessária por conta das descontinuidades das condições iniciais, prediz o comportamentos da infecção em função do tempo e do espaço. Dentre os resultados alcançados, destaca-se: o homem parece ter chance de conter o espalhamento do vírus. Para isso teria de sacrificar todos os animais de pequenas criações e, então indivíduos da população silvestre, mas a uma taxa menor do que eles são capazes de se reproduzir, ou seriam levados a extinção. Também estão contidos neste trabalho, o estudo dos estados estacionários do sistema e a estimativa de que o coeficiente de difusão do H5N1 assumiria valores entre 0,025 e 0,5 km²/dia
Abstract: This dissertation from the IMECC, UNICAMP, Biomathematical Group, with funds offered by CNPq, is the result of two years, 2008 and 2009, of study about the spreading of H5N1 risk of infection. After treating briefly the viral structure; the birds that suffer the virus; the financial problems that the disease would bring to Brazil and has already inflicted to other nations; this paper concentrates in modeling and simulating an environment composed by two distinct behaviour population. The first one is free wild birds, that migrate. The second population consists of birds restricted to a farmer control; they don't fly, don't spread beyond little farms limits where they are raised to subsistence purposes. After dividing each of these two populations in order three, acording to their status in relation to the H5N1 infection, they are modeled by means of Partial Differential Equation, composing a non-linear system which requires numerical solution because of descontinuous inicial conditions and predicts the infection behaviour in spatial and temporal terms. Among the results figure: Humans, by completely sacrifing small farms birds and, then, wild birds in smaller rate than they reproduce themselves, seems to have a chance of prevent the virus to spread even further. This paper also study stationary states and determine, through computational methods, the H5N1 coefficient range, among 0.025 and 0.5 km²/day
Mestrado
Biomatematica
Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
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Davis, Renee. « Flu on the Front : the Effects of the Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 on the 15th Reserve and 46th Infantry Battalions, Canadian Expeditionary Force ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40520.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study is an examination of the effects of the first two waves of the Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 on the Canadian Expeditionary Force in Europe during the final months of the First World War. Using a case-study approach, the study analyzes the experiences of the 15th Canadian Reserve Battalion (Saskatchewan) in England and the 46th Canadian Infantry Battalion (South Saskatchewan) in France from April to 11 November 1918. While the comparison of these two battalions’ experiences is useful to see the how the Canadian Army Medical Corps reacted and responded to the outbreak of pandemic influenza in both locations, it also highlights the impact that the pandemic had on the reinforcement stream in 1918, and demonstrates the greater cost of conscription during the final months of the war. This thesis argues that that the Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 affected the Canadian Expeditionary Force’s Hundred Days Campaign in a way that, until now, has not been recognized. Additionally, it argues that the 15th Reserve Battalion was not to blame for bringing pandemic influenza to Bramshott Camp in the fall of 1918, and that the Canadian Army Medical Corps reacted to the outbreak as effectively as possible. Finally, it highlights the experiences of men from Saskatchewan and recounts the stories of soldiers who died of pandemic influenza.
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Brulin, Emma. « Consequences and preparedness of pandemic influenza, a national consern : A study of the effect of the Asian Flu on the Swedish military ». Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8353.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1918, the Spanish flu pandemic killed an estimate number of between 50 and 100 million people worldwide. 40 years later a new influenza pandemic, the Asian flu spread throughout the world. The Asian flu hit a large proportion of the world’s population but the case-fatality rate was lower and an estimated number of 2 to 4 million people died in the pandemic. In order for today’s governments to formulate good preparedness plan for future influenza pandemics, studying previous pandemics can give better understanding of how the community might be affected. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Asian flu pandemic on the Swedish military forces. By seeing if the regiment was affected by the Asian flu one can then assume that the whole society was affected. Data from Swedish regiments has been collected from the Defence Medical Administration Service at the National Archives and processed trough SPSS. The findings show that there where an increase of the amount of sick as well as the number of sick leaves during 1957 compared to previous and later years. Because of the increase in sick leaves one can draw the conclusion that the society has a great risk of being influenced. Hence, a preparedness plan will be even more important. Conclusion: The community is affected by influenza pandemic in both an economical and a societal level. The effects are short in time since infected recover quite quick. However, there are effects which could be better handled if the government is prepared and has conducted a plan for when the next pandemic influenza strikes.
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Broddesson, Sandra. « Evaluation of an automated multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid detection of Influenza A and B viruses ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-254214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Influenza is a viral infection that affects global health and economy with its endemic and sometimes pandemic spread. Rapid detection of Influenza viruses enables antiviral use and can bring financial savings. It is also essential for the global surveillance of prevalent Influenza strains. RT-PCR is considered the most specific and sensitive method for detection of Influenza, but Influenza mutates at a high rate and it is therefore crucial that RT-PCR methods are updated regularly. In 2014, Cepheid released their Xpert Flu/RSV XC assay, which can detect Influenza A and B and RSV by multiplex RT-PCR in approximately one hour. The aim of this study was to evaluate this assay at Laboratoriemedicin Västernorrland by using the laboratory’s previous PCR assay for detection of Influenza viruses as reference method. Real-time RT-PCR was used to compare Xpert Flu/RSV XC to the reference method. A dilution series was performed to estimate the methods’ PCR efficiencies and precision was calculated from quadruplicates of a positive control sample. Clinical specimens (n=42) were used to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Xpert Flu/RSV XC. Objective statistical analysis of PCR data was performed and discussed. The Xpert Flu/RSV XC was equivalent to the reference method and demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Estimated PCR efficiencies were however low. With the introduction of Xpert Flu/RSV XC to the laboratory follows many potential benefits, primarily in form of a simplified pre analytical procedure and a shortened analysis time. The Xpert Flu/RSV XC assay enables fast diagnosis of Influenza infection.
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DAMACENA, NETO Leandro Carvalho. « A Influenza espanhola de 1918/1919 na Cidade de Goiás ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2313.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Research on the Spanish flu in Goiás aimed to understand the impacts and meanings which accounted for the population. We analyze its symptoms Spanish flu, as well as highlight the imprecision of medicine to define and characterize it, the multiple symptoms diagnosed and the variety of treatments and therapeutic measures. For this, the research is anchored in the records of the press Goiás, in the context of 1918/1919 were lodged with the population and called Advice to people: that is, they were indications of health authorities to combat the Spanish flu. More than a biological problem, the Spanish flu became a social problem, and as such has been analyzed here, from its social representation - ie, the disease constituted a problem that requires an explanation by the company attacked, it is imperative that has a social and cultural. Historicize diseases is one of the ways to understand a society.
A pesquisa sobre a gripe espanhola em Goiás teve como principal objetivo compreender os impactos e os significados que representou para a população. Buscamos analisar a sintomatologia da doença de gripe espanhola, bem como ressaltar a imprecisão da medicina ao defini-la e caracterizá-la, os múltiplos sintomas diagnosticados e a variedade de tratamentos e medidas terapêuticas. Para tanto, a pesquisa ancorou-se nos registros da imprensa goiana, que, no contexto de 1918/1919, foram dirigidos à população e denominados Conselhos ao povo;ou seja, eram indicações das autoridades sanitárias para o combate da gripe espanhola. Mais que um problema biológico, a gripe espanhola se tornou um problema social, e como tal foi aqui analisada, a partir da sua representação social ou seja, a doença constituiu-se um problema que exige uma explicação pela sociedade atacada; é imperativo que tenha sentido social e cultural. Historicizar as doenças é um dos caminhos para se compreender uma sociedade.
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Yumpo, Cárdenas Daniel, Otárola Rosalie López, Abt José Carlos Rodríguez, Espinoza Pamela Ávila, Mendoza Grecia Lizzetti, Núñez Alonso Natividad et Percy Mayta-Tristan. « Asociación entre la adquisición de síndrome gripal y el uso frecuente del transporte público ». Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Colombia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/335736.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introducción: El transporte público en ciudades grandes como Lima puede favorecer el contagio de enfermedades transmitidas por aire, debido al hacinamiento, falta de ventilación y una permanencia prolongada en espacios reducidos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 592 universitarios de Lima para evaluar la relación entre el uso frecuente de transporte público y la presencia de síndrome gripal. Se definió síndrome gripal como el autorreporte de fiebre más dolor de garganta o tos en las últimas dos semanas, se evaluó el tipo de transporte más usado para acudir a la universidad. Se calculó los OR crudos y ajustados usando regresión logística simple y múltiple. Resultados: El 12,0% (71/592) presentó síndrome gripal en las últimas dos semanas. Se encontró asociación con el uso de transporte público (OR=3,6; IC95% 1,2- 10,2) y con tener contacto en la casa con alguien con síndrome gripal (OR=1,8; IC95% 1,1- 3,1) en el modelo de regresión logística múltiple. No se encontró asociación con la edad, vacunación frente a la influenza, vivir con niños, fumar cigarrillo y antecedentes patológicos. Conclusión: El uso de transporte público está asociado con la presencia de síndrome gripal en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de Lima.Background: Public transport in big cities like Lima may favor the spread of air-borne diseases due to overcrowding, poor ventilation and a prolonged stay in confined spaces. Material and methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 592 students from a private university in Lima to evaluate the relationship between the frequent use of public transport and the presence of influenza-like illness (ILI). Self-report of ILI was defined as fever plus cough or sore throat in last two weeks, most used type of transport to go to university. OR crude and adjusted were calculated used simple and multiple logistic regression. Results: 12.0% (71/592) had ILI in the past two weeks. Use of public transport (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 1.2 to 10.2) and have contact with someone with ILI at home (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.1) were found associated in multiple logistic regression model. No association with age, vaccination against influenza, living with children, smoke and pathological history. In conclusion, the use of public transport is associated with the presence of ILI in a group of university students from Lima.
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Goka, Edward Anthony Chilongo. « Influenza A viruses dual and multiple infections with other respiratory viruses and risk of hospitalization and mortality ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/influenza-a-viruses-dual-and-multiple-infections-with-other-respiratory-viruses-and-risk-of-hospitalization-and-mortality(256eb122-a52a-4276-8dc1-28b5a2cc6662).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: Epidemiological studies have indicated that 5-38% of influenza like illnesses (ILI) develop into severe disease due to, among others, factors such as; underlying chronic diseases, age, pregnancy, and viral mutations. There are suggestions that dual or multiple virus infections may affect disease severity. This study investigated the association between co-infection between influenza A viruses and other respiratory viruses and disease severity. Methodology: Datum for samples from North West England tested between January 2007 and June 2012 was analysed for patterns of co-infection between influenza A viruses and ten respiratory viruses. Risk of hospitalization to a general ward ICU or death in single versus mixed infections was assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Results: One or more viruses were identified in 37.8% (11,715/30,975) of samples, of which 10.4% (1,214) were mixed infections and 89.6% (10,501) were single infections. Among patients with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, co-infections occurred in 4.7% (137⁄2,879) vs. 6.5% (59⁄902) in those with seasonal influenza A virus infection. In general, patients with mixed respiratory virus infections had a higher risk of admission to a general ward (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.2 – 1.7, p = <0.0001) than those with a single infection. Co-infection between seasonal influenza A viruses and influenza B virus was associated with a significant increase in the risk of admission to ICU/ death (OR: 22.0, 95% CI: 2.21 – 219.8 p = 0.008). RSV/seasonal influenza A viruses co-infection also associated with increased risk but this was not statistically significant. For the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, RSV and AdV co-infection increased risk of hospitalization to a general ward, whereas Flu B increased risk of admission to ICU/ death, but none of these were statistically significant. Considering only single infections, RSV and hPIV1-3 increased risk of admission to a general ward (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.28 – 1.73, p = <0.0001 and OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.003 – 1.8, p = 0.05) and admission to ICU/ death (OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.20 – 2.0, p = <0.0001 and OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02 – 2.40, p = 0.04). Conclusion: Co-infection is a significant predictor of disease outcome; there is insufficient public health data on this subject as not all samples sent for investigation of respiratory virus infection are tested for all respiratory viruses. Integration of testing for respiratory viruses’ co-infections into routine clinical practice and R&D on integrated drugs and vaccines for influenza A&B, RSV, and AdV, and development of multi-target diagnostic tests is encouraged.
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Sribanditmongkol, Vorachai. « Effects of Psychological Stress on Glucocorticoid Sensitivity of Inflammatory Response to Influenza Vaccine Challenge in Healthy Military College Students ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366195257.
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Bäcklin, Lotta, et Lisa Eklund. « Trovärdig krisinformation eller sensationsjournalistik ? : Diskursanalys av myndigheternas och mediernas information kring pandemiklassificeringen av den nya influensan den 11 juni 2009 ». Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6588.
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Purpose: The purpose with this study is to analyze if the Swedish authorities and media had different ways of discussing the new influenza, in connection with the pandemic classification June 11, 2009. This is the first time an influenza has been classified as a pandemic since the Hongkong-influenza in1968. Methodology: The method used for the study is discourse analysis, aqualitative method that gives the opportunity to study not only what is said, but how things are said. In this thesis, the aim is to study how the image ofthe new influenza is transmitted via the texts. The texts have been analysed based on:- General and underlying themes- Words and concepts used- Persons/sources quoted or referred to- Historical connections/historical backgroundTheoretical perspectives: The study is based on theories about socialconstructionism and discourse analysis. Conclusions: the conclusions drawn from the study show that the media textsare more dramatic and sensational when it comes to describing the newinfluenza. The Swedish authorities have a more fact-based and calming tone towards the public. Within the analyzed material, it is possible to seedifferences between the discourses, also when describing the same themes. Within some themes, resemblances have been identified between the mediadiscourse and the authorithy discourse.
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Haliwi, Kadria. « Hur kan farmaceuter i Sverige utföra vaccination på öppenvårdsapotek ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427200.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective preventive measures against infectious diseases. A proper administration of the vaccine is critical. Therefore, only authorized and trained health care personnel including pharmacists can administrate vaccines safely and effectively. However, in Sweden, several laws and regulations prevent pharmacists to perform vaccinations. Aim: The aim was to elucidate the conditions and regulations of influenza vaccination administration by pharmacists at pharmacies in other countries compared to Sweden. Methods: A literature review were performed. Two different databases, PubMed and Web of Science were used. In addition, reports of governmental and various organizations were used. Interviews have been used as a complement. Results: Involving pharmacists in vaccination administration improves the vaccine coverage. This result was confirmed by pharmacist performing vaccine administration in other countries such as the USA, Canada, UK and Norway. However, these benefits are limited in Sweden due to the regulation HSLF-FS 2017:37, which hampers vaccines administration by pharmacists. Nevertheless, the regulation SOSFS 1997:14 could be interpreted as allowing clinical doctors to delegate vaccination to pharmacists. However, this needs to be further investigated. All Swedish representatives interviewed in this report, supported the idea that pharmacists should be able to perform vaccines at Swedish pharmacies. Conclusions: Modification of the regulation HSLF-FS 2017: 37 as well as proper education and training are required to allow pharmacists to perform vaccinations in Swedish pharmacies.
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Zhao, Yue. « Modelling avian influenza in bird-human systems : this thesis is presented in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Information Science in Mathematics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand ». Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1145.
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In 1997, the first human case of avian influenza infection was reported in Hong Kong. Since then, avian influenza has become more and more hazardous for both animal and human health. Scientists believed that it would not take long until the virus mutates to become contagious from human to human. In this thesis, we construct avian influenza with possible mutation situations in bird-human systems. Also, possible control measures for humans are introduced in the systems. We compare the analytical and numerical results and try to find the most efficient control measures to prevent the disease.
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Barthélémy, Adeline. « Rôle des cellules T natural killer invariants (iNKT) dans la surinfection bactérienne post-grippale ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S002/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Durant l’infection par le virus Influenza A (IAV), les changements physiques et immunologiques du poumon prédisposent l’hôte aux surinfections bactériennes. Les cellules T Natural Killer invariantes (iNKT) sont des lymphocytes T innés pouvant avoir des rôles bénéfiques ou délétères durant l’infection. Nos objectifs ont visé à (i) étudier le rôle naturel des cellules iNKT et (ii) à rechercher l’effet d’une activation exogène des cellules iNKT dans la surinfection bactérienne post-influenza.Lors de mon arrivée, le laboratoire venait de décrire, pour la première fois en contexte infectieux, que les cellules iNKT étaient capables de produire de l’IL-22 au cours de l’infection grippale. Cette cytokine joue un rôle majeur dans les processus de maintien et de réparation des épithéliums. L’une des causes des surinfections bactériennes post-grippales étant l’altération et/ou la perte de l’intégrité de l’épithélium pulmonaire, nous nous sommes proposés d’étudier le rôle potentiel de cette cytokine dans un modèle expérimental de surinfection bactérienne à S. pneumoniae. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer que si cette cytokine ne joue pas un rôle majeur dans la réponse anti-virale de l’hôte, l’IL-22 participe au contrôle de l’inflammation au cours de l’infection grippale et joue un rôle protecteur dans la surinfection bactérienne.Par ailleurs, l’utilisation de souris dépourvues en cellules iNKT (Jα18-/-) a permis de montrer que les cellules iNKT limitent la susceptibilité aux surinfections et réduisent le synergisme létal de la coinfection virus/bactérie. Au moment de l’infection bactérienne, les cellules iNKT des souris grippées sont incapables de produire de l’IFN-γ, cytokine dont nous avons montré le rôle essentiel dans les mécanismes de défense antibactérienne. Le défaut d’activation des cellules iNKT chez les souris surinfectées est lié à l’interleukine-10 (IL-10), cytokine immunosuppressive induite par l’infection virale, plutôt qu’à un défaut intrinsèque des cellules iNKT. L’IL-10 inhibe l’activation des cellules iNKT en réponse au pneumocoque en inhibant la production d’IL-12 par les cellules dendritiques dérivées de monocytes (MoDCs). La neutralisation de l’IL-10 restaure l’activation des cellules iNKT et augmente la résistance à la surinfection. Ainsi, les cellules iNKT ont un rôle bénéfique (en amont de la colonisation bactérienne) dans le contrôle de la surinfection bactérienne de la grippe et représentent une cible de l’immunosuppression.Nous avons par la suite étudié la possibilité que le superagoniste des cellules iNKT, l’ α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) puisse limiter la surinfection bactérienne. Pour cela, les souris ont été traitées par voie intranasale avec de l’α-GalCer à différents temps post-influenza, juste avant l’infection par le pneumocoque. Le traitement à jour 3, au pic de la réplication virale, limite fortement la surinfection. Cependant, l’inoculation d’α-GalCer pendant la phase aiguë du virus (jour 7) ne permet pas d’activer les cellules iNKT pulmonaires et n’a pas d’effet sur la surinfection. L’absence d’activation des cellules iNKT n’est pas intrinsèque et est associée à une disparition complète des cellules dendritiques CD103+ respiratoires (cDCs), lesquelles sont cruciales dans l’activation des cellules iNKTs. À des temps plus tardifs (jour 14), les cDCs repeuplent le poumon et l’α-GalCer promeut l’activité antibactérienne des cellules iNKT.Pris dans son ensemble, cette étude souligne le rôle des cellules iNKT dans la surinfection bactérienne de la grippe et ouvre de nouvelles voies thérapeutiques afin de limiter les surinfections bactériennes post-influenzaXDurant l’infection par le virus Influenza A (IAV), les changements physiques et immunologiques du poumon prédisposent l’hôte aux surinfections bactériennes. Les cellules T Natural Killer invariantes (iNKT) sont des lymphocytes T innés pouvant avoir des rôles bénéfiques ou délétères durant l’infection. Nos objectifs ont visé à (i) étudier le rôle naturel des cellules iNKT et (ii) à rechercher l’effet d’une activation exogène des cellules iNKT dans la surinfection bactérienne post-influenza.Lors de mon arrivée, le laboratoire venait de décrire, pour la première fois en contexte infectieux, que les cellules iNKT étaient capables de produire de l’IL-22 au cours de l’infection grippale. Cette cytokine joue un rôle majeur dans les processus de maintien et de réparation des épithéliums. L’une desDuring the infection by the virus Influenza A ( IAV), the physical and immunological changes of the lung predispose the host to the bacterial secondary infections. The invariant cells(units) T Natural Killer iNKT ) are lymphocytes T innate being able to have beneficial or noxious roles during the infection. Our objectives aimed at i) to study the natural role of cells(units) iNKT and ii) to look for the effect of an exogenous activation of cells(units) iNKT in the bacterial secondary infection post-influenza. During my arrival, the laboratory had just described, for the first time in infectious context, that cells(units) iNKT were capable of producing of IL-22 during the flu-like infection. This cytokine plays a major role in the processes of preservation and repair of epitheliums [...]
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Deblanc, Céline. « Etudes comparées de la pathogenèse des virus grippaux chez le porc pré-infecté ou non par Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B040/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La grippe porcine est une infection enzootique touchant 50% du cheptel français. Elle passe parfois inaperçue, mais peut également induire une forte morbidité au sein des lots d’animaux touchés, entraînant une baisse des performances zootechniques et des pertes économiques importantes. La sévérité de l’infection à virus influenza A chez le porc peut dépendre de divers facteurs, comme les virus eux-mêmes, les pratiques d’élevage, le statut immunitaire des animaux, les infections concomitantes par d’autres pathogènes respiratoires, etc. De la même manière, diverses formes épidémiologiques de la grippe existent en élevage. Ainsi, des infections peuvent se répéter à un âge déterminé, sur toutes les bandes successives d’un élevage, notamment chez des jeunes présentant une immunité passive. Afin de mieux comprendre cette diversité clinique et épidémiologique de la grippe porcine, et aider à l’élaboration de stratégies d’intervention adéquates pour le contrôle de la maladie, nous avons cherché à apporter de nouvelles connaissances quant à certains facteurs pouvant favoriser l’exacerbation du syndrome grippal et/ou son caractère récurrent, et plus généralement aux mécanismes sous-jacents à la pathogenèse des virus influenza A chez le porc, en relation avec les réponses de l’hôte infecté. Nous avons d’abord comparé, suite à inoculations expérimentales de porcs exempts d’organismes pathogènes spécifiés, la pathogénicité des deux virus influenza porcins les plus fréquemment rencontrés chez le porc en France, l’un du lignage européen « avian-like swine H1N1 » (H1avN1), l’autre du lignage européen « human-like reassortant swine H1N2 » (H1huN2), seuls ou en association avec Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), autre pathogène respiratoire répandu en élevage. Nous avons montré que l’infection H1huN2 induit une pathologie plus marquée que l’infection H1avN1, et que la pré-infection des porcs par Mhp induit une exacerbation de l’infection H1avN1, mais pas H1huN2. Nous avons utilisé le modèle de co-infection Mhp/H1avN1 pour évaluer deux approches alternatives qui permettraient de diminuer l’impact des infections grippales et de leurs complications : l’apport de composés aux propriétés antioxydantes via l’alimentation ; et la restriction alimentaire de courte durée. Dans ces deux cas nous avons montré des effets bénéfiques sur les paramètres zootechniques pendant les jours suivant l’infection grippale. Ce travail a également apporté de nouvelles connaissances quant aux modifications des marqueurs plasmatiques de stress oxydant, ainsi que sur les modifications métaboliques faisant suite à la co-infection Mhp/H1avN1. La sévérité des manifestations cliniques de la grippe étant liée à la qualité de la réponse immunitaire mise en place chez l’hôte infecté, nous avons entrepris d‘étudier les réponses immunitaires du porc touché par la grippe et d’évaluer l’impact de facteurs tels que la présence de Mhp ou d’anticorps d’origine maternelle sur ces réponses. Nous avons ainsi montré que l’infection virale induit une inflammation et une réponse interféron. La pré-infection par Mhp exercerait un effet additif sur cette inflammation et pourrait favoriser la persistance du virus dans le poumon. Nous avons également montré que la présence d’immunité passive protège cliniquement le porcelet mais n’empêche pas l’excrétion du virus, retarde la réponse lymphocytaire T et inhibe la réponse humorale post-infectieuse. Malgré la réponse immunitaire humorale défaillante, les animaux étaient totalement protégés d’une seconde infection homologue lorsque les anticorps maternels avaient disparus. Ces travaux ont permis d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les facteurs influençant l’infection grippale en élevage porcin ainsi que sur les mécanismes sous-jacents, ce qui est une prérequis pour l’amélioration des mesures de lutte et de maitrise de la maladie. Ils permettent, d’envisager d’améliorer la santé des animaux en agissant sur leur régime alimentaireSwine influenza is an enzootic infection affecting 50% of the French livestock. The infection can be unnoticed but can also induce high morbidity among batches of affected animals, resulting in lower production performance and significant economic losses. The severity of influenza A virus in pig is influenced by many factors such as the virus strain, husbandry practices, the immune status of animals, concomitant infections with other respiratory pathogens, etc. In the same way, various epidemiological forms of influenza exist in farms. Thus, infections can be repeated in all successive batches within a farm, especially among young animals with passive immunity. In order to better understand the clinical and epidemiological diversity of the swine flu, and help develop appropriate strategies to control the disease, we tried to bring new knowledge about factors that promote the exacerbation of the flu syndrome and/or its recurrence, and more generally to give new information about the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of influenza viruses in pigs, in relation to the response of the infected host. Firstly, we compared, through experimental infections of specific pathogen free pigs, the pathogenicity of the two swine influenza viruses mostly detected in pigs in France, i.e. one from the European “avian-like swine H1N1” lineage (H1avN1) and the other one from the European “human-like reassortant swine H1N2” lineage (H1huN2), each one alone or in co-infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp), another respiratory pathogen widespread in French farms. We showed that the H1huN2 infection induced a more marked pathology than the H1avN1 infection, and that Mhp pre-infection induced the exacerbation of the H1avN1, but not the H1huN2, infection. Then, we used the Mhp/H1avN1 co-infection model to evaluate alternative approaches that could reduce the impact of influenza infections and their complications: firstly, a supply of compounds with antioxidant properties in food; and secondly, a feed restriction of short duration. In both cases, we showed beneficial effects on zootechnical parameters the days following influenza infection. This work has also brought new knowledge on modulation of oxidative stress markers in plasma, as well as metabolic changes following the co-infection with Mhp and H1avN1 in pigs. The severity of flu clinical manifestations being related, among other, to the quality of the immune responses developed by the infected host, we studied these responses in pigs experimentally infected by H1avN1 and assessed the impact of factors such as the presence of Mhp or maternal derived antibodies on these responses. We showed that the viral infection induced inflammation and interferon response. The Mhp pre-infection exerted an additive effect on inflammation of lung tissue and may promote the virus persistence in the lung. Finally, we have shown that the presence of maternally-derived immunity protected the piglets clinically but did not prevent viral shedding, delayed the T cell response and strongly inhibited the post-infectious humoral response. However, despite the failed humoral immune response, animals were completely protected from a second infection occurring when maternal antibodies had disappeared. Therefore, this work have brought new knowledge on factors influencing influenza infection in pig as well as the underlying mechanisms, which is a prerequisite for improving disease control. They allow, between-other, to consider improving the health and welfare of animals by acting on their diet