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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Arsic, Milojko, Aleksandra Nojkovic et Sasa Randjelovic. « Determinants of discretionary fiscal policy in Central and Eastern Europe ». Economic Systems 41, n^o 3 (septembre 2017) : 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.10.003.

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Stoilova, D., et I. Todorov. « Fiscal policy and economic growth : Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe ». Journal of Tax Reform 7, n^o 2 (2021) : 146–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2021.7.2.095.

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This study aims to estimate the impact of three fiscal instruments (direct tax revenue, indirect tax revenue and government consumption expenditure) on the economic growth of ten new European Union member states from Central and Eastern Europe– Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. We examine the hypothesis about the effect of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth. The study employs a vector autoregression and annual Eurostat data for the period 2007–2019. Four control variables (the shares of gross capital formation, household consumption, exports in GDP, and the economic growth in the euro area) are included in the model to account for the influence of non-fiscal factors on economic growth. The empirical results indicate that the real output growth rate in the ten new member states of the European Union is negatively affected by direct tax revenue, while economic growth in the euro area, exports and gross capital formation are positively related to economic growth. The results also imply that government consumption and indirect tax revenue have no significant impact on the growth rate of real output of the ten studied countries from Central and Eastern Europe. It may be inferred that policymakers in the new European Union member states can raise economic growth by encouraging exports and investment and by lowering the share of direct tax revenue in GDP. From the three analyzed fiscal instruments (direct taxes, indirect taxes and government consumption expenditure), only one has proven to be effective in the case of the new member countries.

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HALLERBERG, MARK, et SAMI YLÄOUTINEN. « Political Power, Fiscal Institutions and Budgetary Outcomes in Central and Eastern Europe ». Journal of Public Policy 30, n^o 1 (25 février 2010) : 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x09990213.

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AbstractThis paper considers the effects of fiscal governance in Central and East European countries 1998–2008. The first part makes predictions about which form of fiscal governance fits which form of government. Under multi-party coalition governments, fiscal contracts where governments make political commitments to multi-annual fiscal plans work well. In countries where two political blocks face off against one another, delegation based around a strong finance ministry should be most effective. The second part examines electoral and party systems, which affect the form of government in place. The third part documents norms, rules, and institutions in place. The final section considers the joint effects of fiscal governance on fiscal outcomes. On balance, the underlying political climate is crucial for determining what types of fiscal norms, institutions, and rules function best. The more countries diverge from their expected form of fiscal governance, the greater the increase in a country's debt burden.

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Bird, R. M., et C. Wallich. « Local Finance and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe ». Environment and Planning C : Government and Policy 12, n^o 3 (septembre 1994) : 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c120263.

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Extensive decentralization, both political and fiscal, is taking place in many of the countries newly emerging from behind the socialist veil. Decentralization represents both a reaction from below to the previously tight political control from the center and an attempt from above to further the privatization of the economy and to relieve the strained fiscal situation of the central government. Although there are of course many variations in this process from country to country, some important common elements arise from the similar institutional starting point in all countries and the common transitional problems most of them are facing. The on-going reforms of subnational finance in the transitional economies are more important than seems generally to be recognized. The design of a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system is key to many of the major reform goals of the transition economies—macroeconomic stability, privatization, and the social safety net.

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Terletzki, Peggy, et Claudia-Yvette Matthes. « Tripartite Bargaining and its Impact on Stabilisation Policy in Central and Eastern Europe ». International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 21, Issue 3 (1 septembre 2005) : 369–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2005019.

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Abstract: In this paper we examine the impact of self-imposed governmental constraints (by tripartite arrangements) and the timing of reforms (window of opportunity) on the successful implementation of large-scale reforms (fiscal stabilisation policy) in seven Central and Eastern European Countries. By analysing different sources and conducting interviews with experts and members of the tripartite councils, we consider the impact of tripartite structures on the government decision-making process in Bulgaria, Estonia, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. Our findings indicate that the early and continuously stabilising countries secured their policy-making by factors other than tripartite bargaining. In those countries that took a second, later approach to fiscal stabilisation, with a more confrontational style and stronger trade unions, tripartite bargaining proved to be a successful instrument.

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Korotun, Volodymyr, Tetiana Kaneva, Anton Drepin, Liudmyla Levaieva et Svitlana Kucherenko. « The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Growth in Central and Eastern Europe ». European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2020) : 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n3p215.

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In this research, we evaluated the impact of fiscal decentralization on GDP per capita growth. Using the unbalanced panel data, the authors assessed the interconnections between fiscal decentralization – considering its expenditure and revenue aspects as well as tax autonomy – and economic growth for Central and Eastern European countries from 1995 to 2018. In the examined states, the expenditure decentralization exceeded the revenue one. We found out that revenue decentralization and tax autonomy adversely affected economic growth. But expenditure decentralization associated with a positive GDP growth rate. In this paper, we also explored the peculiarities of fiscal decentralization reform. Structural transformations radically reduced the size of the public sector in Central and Eastern Europe, which had a positive effect on the economy. The vital components of local budgets tax revenues are personal income tax and the property taxes. The most effective mechanism for the property tax base’s determination arises from the value of the real estate or land. Keywords: fiscal policy, fiscal decentralization, tax autonomy, property taxes, economic growth

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Aidukaite, Jolanta. « WELFARE REFORMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE : A NEW TYPE OF WELFARE REGIME ? » Ekonomika 89, n^o 4 (1 janvier 2010) : 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2010.0.969.

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This paper discusses some recent socio-economic achievements and losses in Central and Eastern Europe from a comparative perspective. Yet, the paper examines whether the economic-social-political restructuring of Central and Eastern Europe and the ensuing social policy reform has brought new forms of welfare regimes into focus. The paper demonstrates that, despite an increase in poverty and inequalities in many Central and Easter European countries during the last 18 years, the social policy systems have not experienced a radical dismantlement throughout the entire region and still show more comprehensive solutions to social problems than residual ones. Furthermore, the Central and Eastern European region is very diverse regarding the scope and depth of social problems encountered, and some countries have implemented more successful policy solutions than other ones. Nevertheless, the experience of the communist regime, the relatively lower fiscal capacity of the states as well as the higher share of GDP produced in the shadow economy allow the Central and Eastern European countries to group into a distinct post-communist regime. The current global economic crisis, which is felt in the CEE region much more than in the rest of the globe, can reinforce the features of the post-communist welfare model: still quite comprehensive in its structures, but weak in its performance to ensure a decent standard of living for its citizens.

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Grabia, Tomasz. « Selected elements of fiscal policy in the Visegrad Group Countries ». Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 61, n^o 4 (28 avril 2016) : 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0991.

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The article discusses key problems of fiscal policy in four selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia) in years 2001—2014. The analysis covers, among others, indicators of public debt and its determinants, as well as indicators of budget revenues and expenditures. The article points out that public debt increased in all the studied countries in the analysed period. Both structural and cyclical deficits were responsible for its build-up. The country with the best state of public finances was the Czech Republic. Although the situation improved from 2011 Hungary had the highest level of debt in relation to GDP. That country was also characterized by a degree of fiscalism, measured by both budget revenues and expenditures in relations to GDP, much higher than those for other countries.

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Andrejević Panić, Andrea, et Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković. « Analysis of Higher Education Indicators Coherency in Central and Eastern Europe ». Business Systems Research Journal 10, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2019) : 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2019-014.

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AbstractBackground: Higher education has the main role in generating innovative activity in knowledge-based economies. Therefore, the efficiency of the higher education sector reflects the alignment of the higher education policy with government expenditure. However, countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE region) have been struggling with national budget optimisation, which can cause fiscal stress and thus affect the efficiency of higher education.Objectives: The main objective is to examine mutual interaction of higher education indicators, through formulating financial models that connect performance and financial indicators.Methods/Approach: A total of 4 higher education indicators were analysed and observed in the time period of 10 years in selected CEE countries. The statistical analysis was based on panel data models.Results: The main result of the paper is the analysis of coherency of selected higher education indicators in selected CEE countries in order to establish functional links between government expenditure and efficiency through formulating financial models.Conclusions: Formulated financial models can predict the behaviour of selected performance indicators, depending on financial indicators. Therefore, the obtained models can contribute to the efficient allocation of funds and comprehensive macro-level decision making assessments in higher education policy reforms.

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Ranđelović, Saša, et Svetlana Vukanović. « Fiscal decentralization and local public investment policy in the Republic of Serbia ». Ekonomski horizonti 23, n^o 3 (2021) : 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2103207p.

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This paper analyses the level of fiscal decentralization and structural characteristics of local public finances in Republic of Serbia with focus on local public investments. Share of central government expenditures in consolidated government spending of 83%, indicates relatively high degree of fiscal centralization. In spite of significant rise in local public revenues in the last decade public investments remained low - amounting to 1% of GDP, which is significantly below EU and Central and Eastern Europe average (1.4 and 1.5% GDP, respectively). Our results indicate large variation in relative size of public investments across LSGs. Most local public investments are focused on roads maintenance administrative infrastructure, while investments in environment and education are low. To tackle local disparities in terms of quality of local infrastructure and to foster economic convergence, development of planning and implementation capacities and introduction of systemic incentives for local public investments should be considered.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Batagelj, Leon. « Competition policy in countries of Central and Eastern Europe : competition in Europe or competition for Europe ». Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81242.

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Competition policy is an important tool for assurance of the efficient allocation of resources in functioning market economies. Applicability of modern competition policy to situations in former planned economies, however, raises doubts because of fundamentally different states of competition in such markets. This study analyses development of competition policy in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Particular attention is given to the influence of the EU competition policy in the framework of negotiations for final membership in the EU.
This study proposes reassessment of the competition policy of the three countries in order to better tackle the economic complexities of transition to fully functioning market economies. Harmonization of competition policy of the three candidate countries for EU membership with competition policy of the EU assumes appropriateness of EU competition policy for transition situations. Contrary to this assumption, the thesis argues that competition policy in transition should be tailored closely to the needs of transition. Since harmonization of competition law is only an instrument to evaluate whether a candidate country has a functioning market economy that can be integrated in the EU Internal Market, competition policy aimed at better promoting competition should be welcomed.

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Ellis, Joseph Michael. « Flat Tax Revolution ? : Policy Change and Policy Diffusion in Eastern Europe ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/94739.

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Political Science
Ph.D.
Why have Eastern European states adopted flat tax policies? That is what this dissertation answers. This is a curious development given that flat tax policies were noticeably absent from the landscape of most of the world, including Eastern Europe. Fives cases of adoption are examined, including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. I argue that two simultaneous processes occur in Eastern Europe that makes adoption viable. First, at the domestic level, the idea of the flat tax is held in esteem by a number of actors, specifically: elite carriers, tax and financial ministers, think tanks and right-wing political parties. They champion this idea to its adoption, or at the least, introduce the flat tax into the policy-making apparatus. Second, at the international level, policy diffusion of the flat tax is taking place. In other words, the experience of previous adopters impacts the decisions of future adopters. Examining both cognitive heuristics theory and rational learning I argue that there are "varieties of diffusion" during the diffusion of the flat tax. Additionally, though this dissertation concerns itself primarily with adoption, I also investigate two cases of non-adoption in Poland and Hungary. What is argued is "diffusion without adoption" occurs. The idea of the flat tax diffused, but the adoption was not politically, ideologically, and economically feasible.
Temple University--Theses

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Albuquerque, Bruno Alexandre Ferreira. « Fiscal institutions and public spending volatility in Europe ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1947.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
This work provides empirical evidence for a sizeable, statistically significant neg¬ative impact of the quality of fiscal institutions on public spending volatility for a panel of 25 EU countries in the 1980-2007 period. Following Fatas and Mihov (2003), the dependent variable is the volatility of discretionary fiscal policy, which does not represent reactions to changes in economic conditions and which may only reflect exogenous political preferences. Our baseline results thus give support to the strengthening of institutions to deal with excessive levels of discretion volatility. This relationship is based mainly on the fact that countries with more checks and balances make it more difficult for governments to change fiscal policy for reasons un¬related to the current state of the economy. Our results also confirm the findings of Furceri and Poplawski (2008) that bigger countries have less public spending volatil¬ity, while the stabilising function that bigger governments exert also contributes to lower policy volatility. In contrast to previous studies, the political factors do not seem to play a role, with the exception of the Herfindahl index, which suggests that high concentration of parliamentary seats in a few parties would increase public spending volatility. In addition, the run-up to EMU and the SGP dummies have the expected negative sign on policy volatility, while for the new EU members, the results also give some support to reduced levels of policy volatility, reflecting recent improvements in public finances.
Este trabalho documenta empiricamente a existência de um impacto negativo, de magnitude considerável e, estatisticamente significativo da qualidade das instituições orçamentais sobre a volatilidade da despesa pública para um painel de 25 países da UE no período 1980-2007. Seguindo Fatás e Mihov (2003), a variável dependente e a volatilidade da política orçamental discricionária, que não representa reacções a mudanças nas condições económicas e que pode apenas reflectir preferências políticas exógenas. Os resultados de base fornecem então, suporte para o fortalecimento das instituições de modo a lidar com níveis excessivos de volatilidade da política discricionária. Esta relação é baseada sobretudo no facto de que em países com melhores instituições é mais difícil aos governos alterarem a política orçamental por razoes não relacionadas com o estado actual da economia. Os nossos resulta¬dos também confirmam os alcançados por Furceri e Poplawski (2008) de que países maiores tem menor volatilidade da despesa publica, enquanto que a função de estabilização exercida por governos maiores também contribui para reduzir a volatilidade da política. Em contraste com estudos anteriores, os factores políticos não parecem ser importantes, com excepção do índice de Herfindahl, que sugere que elevada concentração de assentos parlamentares em poucos partidos iria aumentar a volatilidade da despesa pública. Adicionalmente, as dummies para a UEM e para o PEC tem o sinal negativo esperado, enquanto que para os novos membros da UE, os resultados também fornecem algum suporte para níveis reduzidos de volatilidade da política, reflectindo melhorias recentes nas finanças públicas.

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Marian, Svetlana. « Russia's Foreign Policy in Eastern Europe : The Moldovan Question ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79750.

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This thesis provides an empirical contribution to the existing literature regarding Russian foreign policy and its application in Russia's near abroad. The primary case study is Russian foreign policy instruments applied to the Eastern European country of Moldova. This thesis directly cites the Russian National Security Concept (RNSC) documents from 2000 and 2016 as the foundation for analysis of Russian foreign policy actions applied to both Eastern Europe and Moldova. A summation of the type of instruments used within Moldova, either "soft power" or "hard power" resources, citing specific examples of each, is included. The result of this thesis is a foundation for future research of Russian foreign policy based on Russian foreign policy documents, as it pertains to the former republics of the Soviet Union.
Master of Arts

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Ali, Mobarak. « Eastern Europe foreign policy convergence with Western Europe on the Middle East, 1990-1992 ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390195.

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Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina. « Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe ». Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0002/document.

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Transition vers l’économie de marché et accession a l’Union Européenne ont profondément modifié la structure et le fonctionnement des économies d’Europe Centrale et de l’Est. Cette thèse propose une analyse des évolutions observées sur les marchés du travail régionaux et nationaux des nouveaux pays membres de l’Union Européenne ainsi qu’une évaluation des politiques publiques mises en œuvre dans ce contexte de transition économique. L’analyse du processus d’appariement entre travailleurs et employeurs révèle l’importance de la demande de travail dans la création de nouvelles embauches en Lettonie, Slovénie et Estonie et souligne la nécessité d’intégrer flux (chômeurs et emplois vacants) et effets spatiaux dans la modélisation. L’efficacité des politiques publiques est attestée au niveau macro et microéconomiques et démontre l’influence positive des programmes de formation sur les taux de sortie du chômage et l’employabilité des participants
During the transition to market economy and the accession to the EU Central and Eastern European countries have witnessed remarkable changes in the structure and functioning of national economies. This thesis aims to assess the development of aggregate and regional labour markets in new EU member states through this eventful period and to investigate the role of active labour market policy in moderating the consequences of transitional shock and improving the performance of the labour market. The analysis of the process of worker-firm matching in Latvia, Slovenia and Estonia reveals that in transition - EU accession context the hiring process is labour demand driven and displays the existence of stock-flow patterns and spatial spillovers. The effects of ALMP programs are confirmed to be positive at both macroeconomic and individual levels: involvement of unemployed in training increases aggregate outflows from unemployment to jobs and increases individual employability of participants

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Dmitrijeva, Jekaterina Laurent Thierry. « Unemployment and labour market policy in Central and Eastern Europe ». S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0002.pdf.

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Kozovska, Kornelia <1981&gt. « Business Clusters in Eastern Europe : Policy Analysis and Cluster Performance ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1611/2/Tesi_Kornelia_Kozovska.pdf.

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Clusters have increasingly become an essential part of policy discourses at all levels, EU, national, regional, dealing with regional development, competitiveness, innovation, entrepreneurship, SMEs. These impressive efforts in promoting the concept of clusters on the policy-making arena have been accompanied by much less academic and scientific research work investigating the actual economic performance of firms in clusters, the design and execution of cluster policies and going beyond singular case studies to a more methodologically integrated and comparative approach to the study of clusters and their real-world impact. The theoretical background is far from being consolidated and there is a variety of methodologies and approaches for studying and interpreting this phenomenon while at the same time little comparability among studies on actual cluster performances. The conceptual framework of clustering suggests that they affect performance but theory makes little prediction as to the ultimate distribution of the value being created by clusters. This thesis takes the case of Eastern European countries for two reasons. One is that clusters, as coopetitive environments, are a new phenomenon as the previous centrally-based system did not allow for such types of firm organizations. The other is that, as new EU member states, they have been subject to the increased popularization of the cluster policy approach by the European Commission, especially in the framework of the National Reform Programmes related to the Lisbon objectives. The originality of the work lays in the fact that starting from an overview of theoretical contributions on clustering, it offers a comparative empirical study of clusters in transition countries. There have been very few examples in the literature that attempt to examine cluster performance in a comparative cross-country perspective. It adds to this an analysis of cluster policies and their implementation or lack of such as a way to analyse the way the cluster concept has been introduced to transition economies. Our findings show that the implementation of cluster policies does vary across countries with some countries which have embraced it more than others. The specific modes of implementation, however, are very similar, based mostly on soft measures such as funding for cluster initiatives, usually directed towards the creation of cluster management structures or cluster facilitators. They are essentially founded on a common assumption that the added values of clusters is in the creation of linkages among firms, human capital, skills and knowledge at the local level, most often perceived as the regional level. Often times geographical proximity is not a necessary element in the application process and cluster application are very similar to network membership. Cluster mapping is rarely a factor in the selection of cluster initiatives for funding and the relative question about critical mass and expected outcomes is not considered. In fact, monitoring and evaluation are not elements of the cluster policy cycle which have received a lot of attention. Bulgaria and the Czech Republic are the countries which have implemented cluster policies most decisively, Hungary and Poland have made significant efforts, while Slovakia and Romania have only sporadically and not systematically used cluster initiatives. When examining whether, in fact, firms located within regional clusters perform better and are more efficient than similar firms outside clusters, we do find positive results across countries and across sectors. The only country with negative impact from being located in a cluster is the Czech Republic.

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Catenaro, Marco. « Macroeconomics policy interactions in the European Monetary Union ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804936/.

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Livres sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Coricelli, Fabrizio. Fiscal policy in transition. Sous la direction de Dąbrowski Marek 1951-, Kosterna Urszula, Ambrus-Lakatos Loránd 1964- et Schaffer Mark E. Warsaw : Institute for EastWest Studies, 1997.

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Kołodko, Grzegorz W. Fiscal adjustment and stabilization policies in Eastern Europe. Warsaw : Institute of Finance, 1991.

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1951-, Dąbrowski Marek, et Rostowski Jacek, dir. The eastern enlargement of the EU. Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Tracey, Lane, Gray Cheryl Williamson 1954- et Varoudakis Aristomène, dir. Fiscal policy and economic growth : Lessons for Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Washington, DC : World Bank, 2007.

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The eastern enlargement of the European Union. New York : Routledge, 2006.

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Caraiani, Petre. Financial and macroeconomic dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe : A Bayesian approach. Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Bönker, Frank. The political economy of fiscal reform in Eastern Europe : Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic from 1989 to EU accession. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar, 2006.

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Kopits, George. Implications of EMU for exchange rate policy in Central and Eastern Europe. [Washington, D.C.] : International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department, 1999.

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Caraiani, Petre. Financial and macroeconomic dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe : A Bayesian approach. Hauppauge, NY : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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János, Kornai, Haggard Stephan et Kaufman Robert R, dir. Reforming the state : Fiscal and welfare reform in post-socialist countries. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 2001.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Izák, Vratislave. « Fiscal Policy : The Necessary but not Sufficient ». Dans Lessons in Economic Policy for Eastern Europe from Latin America, 101–34. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24370-9_3.

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Uluğbay, Hikmet, et Osman Zaim. « Fiscal Policy in Turkey and the Transitional Economies of Europe ». Dans Turkey and Central and Eastern European Countries in Transition, 65–97. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-333-97800-9_4.

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HöLscher, Jens, et Johannes Stephan. « Exchange Rate Policy, Fiscal Austerity and Integration Prospects : The Hungarian Case ». Dans EU Enlargement and its Macroeconomic Effects in Eastern Europe, 151–73. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230502475_6.

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Sáez, Raúl E., et Carlos M. Urzúa. « Privatisation and Fiscal Reform in Eastern Europe : Some Lessons from Latin America ». Dans Lessons in Economic Policy for Eastern Europe from Latin America, 135–45. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24370-9_4.

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Junz, Helen B. « International resource transfers and the respective roles of governments and private capital flows : economic and political reforms in Eastern Europe ». Dans Fiscal Policy, Taxation and the Financial System in an Increasingly Integrated Europe, 281–90. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2628-1_15.

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Wiarda, Howard J. « Eastern Europe ». Dans American Foreign Policy in Regions of Conflict, 33–58. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230119239_3.

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Bennett, Adam, G. Russell Kincaid, Peter Sanfey et Max Watson. « Fiscal Policy and Fiscal Reform ». Dans Economic and Policy Foundations for Growth in South East Europe : Remaking the Balkan Economy, 54–85. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137488343_4.

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Pastusiak, Longin. « Eastern Europe and Global Issues ». Dans Global Policy Studies, 131–47. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11654-6_6.

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Dallin, David J. « Ferment in Eastern Europe ». Dans Soviet Foreign Policy after Stalin, 335–82. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003324256-18.

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Martín, Carmela. « Public Finances and Fiscal Policy ». Dans The Spanish Economy in the New Europe, 88–116. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230597105_6.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Mascu, Simona. « ENVIRONMENTAL FISCAL POLICY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIESIN THE BIOECONOMY ERA ». Dans 13th SGEM GeoConference on ECOLOGY, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION AND LEGISLATION. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/be5.v2/s21.017.

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Đogo, Marko. « DERIVING THE IMPOSSIBLE TRINITY OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE OTHER TWO IMPOSSIBLE TRINITIES ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0022.

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The experience of Eastern European countries indicates that a country cannot simultaneously give up autonomy of monetary and fiscal policy and control of labour mobility without all three causing a reduction in potential GDP at the same time. Namely, if a country opts to peg its currency to the currency of a larger (more developed) country and pursues a restrictive fiscal policy, it will probably 2 lead the workforce to emigrate. This universal rule applies to both developing and developed countries. Nevertheless, the specificity of the developing countries' position is that once the labour force leaves the country, it will almost certainly never return. Therefore, labour mobility should be regarded as entirely different when it takes place between countries at distinct levels of development and when it serves as a mechanism for achieving an external balance between countries at similar income levels. As far as we understand, the just described experience of Eastern European developing countries has not yet been formalized anywhere as economic legality, i.e. trilemma. Thus, this paper can be an introduction to the theory of the impossible trinity of developing countries, explaining the basic concepts, connections between them and open questions.

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Zawadzka-Pąk, Urszula K., et Paweł Jamróz. « Can Democracy Harm Public Finance ? Some Evidences from Europe ». Dans The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.21.

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James Buchanan and Richard Wagner in their famous book “Democracy in Deficit” note that democracy has not enough fiscal discipline because the citizens’ representatives are chosen in the election and they take the budgetary decisions seeking the re-election. Their theory of public choice may suggest the existence of a positive relationship between the democracy’s quality and the public debt level reflecting the long-lasting consequences of the budgetary decisions of policy-makers. Thus, we formulate the following research question: Is democratic system harmful for public finance? To operationalize the democratic system, we use five democracy indices (i.e., electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian), and the public debt to operationalize the threat for public finance. Conclusions put in a new light the theory, as first the study confirmed that there are statistically significant relationships between democracy’s quality and public debt and, however not in case of every democracy index and every European country.

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Olejnik, Łukasz. « ECONOMIC GROWTH AND MILITARY EXPENDITURES FROM A FISCAL POLICY PERSPECTIVE. EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0003.

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Using a newly created dataset of detailed and disaggregated military expenditures, this paper studies the impact of military expenditures on economic growth in nine Central and Eastern European countries in 1999-2021. The results of the estimation of a Barro-type endogenous growth model with military expenditures confirm a negative and significant influence of different kinds of military expenditures on economic growth in the long run, and identify personnel expenditures and labour market adjustments as one of the most important channels of influence. To measure the impact of the short-run effect, fiscal multipliers of military expenditures were estimated using SVAR model and significantly negative values were obtained for aggregated and disaggregated military expenditures. Military expenditures tend to crowd-out non-military government expenditures in some cases.

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Gorgol, Andrzej. « Agricultural tax incentives to stimulate economic investment in Poland ». Dans The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.22.

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To induce a taxpayer to act in a manner consistent with the objectives of the tax policy of the state, it is necessary to apply appropriate tax instruments, which are measures for the implementation of the incentive function of agricultural tax. Th ese primarily include tax exemptions and reliefs. The subject of this study includes issues related to the use of tax instruments to stimulate the economic investments of agricultural taxpayers. The author’s research intention is to demonstrate the truthfulness of the thesis that the effectiveness of these incentives is not optimal and can be increased by eliminating legal measures not adapted to the needs of fiscal stimulation. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to determine in the first place what is characteristic of each preference aimed at increasing economic investment in the farm. On this basis, in the second place, further groups of stimuli may be distinguished following the analysis of their features, both common and separate. Thanks to this, the disadvantages of the legal provisions applicable to stimulation preferences in the strict and largo sense are presented in separate chapters of this study

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Kuklina, T. V., et P. Y. Didyk. « The interaction of monetary and fiscal policy in times of crisis ». Dans IX International symposium «Humanities and Social Sciences in Europe : Achievements and Perspectives». Viena : East West Association GmbH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ix-symposium-9-289-294.

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Kalvet, T. « International mobility to support innovation in Eastern Europe : Estonia, a case study ». Dans 2009 Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acsip.2009.5367818.

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Bishev, Gligor, Aleksandar Stojkov et Fatmir Besimi. « FISCAL POLICIES IN PANDEMIC TIMES : EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES ». Dans Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0007.

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The pandemic recession was fundamentally different from ordinary recessions, and thus required a different policy response. We review the empirical literature on fiscal consolidation and fiscal multipliers. Then, we assess the impact of fiscal policies on the pace of recovery and public debt sustainability. A premature or a strong fiscal consolidation might result in lower rates of economic growth and elevated public debt as a share of GDP. We critically analyze different adjustment paths across Europe and offer policy-relevant recommendations. The issue is particularly relevant for countries with a strong fiscal stimulus and moderate to high levels of public debt.

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Aydemir, Ahmet Fatih, et Ahmet Alkan Çelik. « The Relations between Stabilization Policies and Economic Growth in the Economies of Central Asia and Caucasia ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00399.

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In the early 1990s, with the fall of communism and the dissolution of USSR, the so-called transition economies have emerged in Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Within this transition period from planned to market economies, fiscal and monetary discipline has not been adequately emphasized while the crucial aim of these economies is to realize price liberalization, privatization and economic stabilization. Hence, the problems of income distribution and growth have not been able to be solved. In this paper, we analyze the relations between economic growth and fiscal and monetary discipline in the economies of Central Asia and Caucasia since their independence. We use WDI-2010 data of the World Bank in order to develop a model including fiscal and monetary variables, which aims to represent the growth experiences of the aforementioned countries.

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Steinhauser, Dušan, Stanislav Zábojník et Zuzana Borovská. « Impact of the US Trade Policy on Trade Flows Distortion of Selected Commodity Groups ». Dans The 20th International Joint Conference : Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment. Prague University of Economics and Business, Oeconomica Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2020.cer.2395.25.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fiscal policy – Europe, Eastern"

Gali, Jordi, et Roberto Perotti. Fiscal Policy and Monetary Integration in Europe. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9773.

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Bilbiie, Florin, Tommaso Monacelli et Roberto Perotti. Fiscal Policy in Europe : A Helicopter View. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28117.

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Robinson, David, Malcolm Keay et Klaus Hammes. Fiscal Policy for Decarbonisation of Energy in Europe. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, septembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26889/9781784670924.

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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella et Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe : structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.

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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.

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Lucas, Brian. Behaviour Change Interventions for Energy Efficiency. Institute of Development Studies, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.138.

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Behavioural interventions are policies and programmes that incorporate insights from scientists who study human behaviour (such as psychology and behavioural economics), with the aim of encouraging socially desirable behaviours by removing barriers and creating incentives or disincentives (Cornago, 2021). Very few behavioural interventions for energy efficiency have been documented in Eastern Europe and the Western Balkans, and none in North Macedonia. The limited experience that has been documented in the region consists of a few small trials which used behavioural principles to inform households about approaches to energy conservation, but none of these trials have demonstrated a significant effect on behaviour. Behavioural interventions have been widely used elsewhere in the world, particularly in North America, Western Europe, and Australia, and there are many studies evaluating their impacts in these regions (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182). This report focuses primarily on household energy efficiency, and particularly on the most widespread and well-documented interventions, which are those related to providing feedback on energy consumption and labelling consumer goods. Although behavioural interventions have been shown to produce significant impacts and to be cost-effective in many situations, the available evidence has some limitations. Many examples that have been documented are small-scale trials or pilot projects; large-scale, institutionalised policy interventions based on behavioural insights are rare (Users TCP and IEA, 2020, p. 22). In many studies, experiments with small sample sizes and short durations show larger impacts than larger and longer-term studies, suggesting that pilot studies may over-estimate the savings that might be achieved by large-scale programmes (Andor & Fels, 2018, p. 182; Erhardt-Martinez et al., 2010, p. iv). The amount of energy saved by behavioural interventions is often fairly small and varies widely from one programme to another, suggesting that the effectiveness of these interventions may be highly dependent on local context and on details of design and implementation. Finally, many studies rely on participants reporting their intentions, and on hypothetical rather than actual purchasing decisions, and some studies have found a divergence between stated intentions and actual behaviour (Grünig et al., 2010, p. 41; Users TCP and IEA, 2020, pp. 75–76; Yang et al., 2015, pp. 21–22).

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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.

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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).

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Arora, Sanjana, et Olena Koval. Norway Country Report. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.232.

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This report is part of a larger cross-country comparative project and constitutes an account and analysis of the measures comprising the Norwegian national response to the COVID-19 pandemic during the year of 2020. This time period is interesting in that mitigation efforts were predominantly of a non-medical nature. Mass vaccinations were in Norway conducted in early 2021. With one of the lowest mortality rates in Europe and relatively lower economic repercussions compared to its Nordic neighbours, the Norwegian case stands unique (OECD, 2021: Eurostat 2021; Statista, 2022). This report presents a summary of Norwegian response to the COVID-19 pandemic by taking into account its governance, political administration and societal context. In doing so, it highlights the key features of the Nordic governance model and the mitigation measures that attributed to its success, as well as some facets of Norway’s under-preparedness. Norway’s relative isolation in Northern Europe coupled with low population density gave it a geographical advantage in ensuring a slower spread of the virus. However, the spread of infection was also uneven, which meant that infection rates were concentrated more in some areas than in others. On the fiscal front, the affluence of Norway is linked to its petroleum industry and the related Norwegian Sovereign Wealth Fund. Both were affected by the pandemic, reflected through a reduction in the country’s annual GDP (SSB, 2022). The Nordic model of extensive welfare services, economic measures, a strong healthcare system with goals of equity and a high trust society, indeed ensured a strong shield against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the consequences of the pandemic were uneven with unemployment especially high among those with low education and/or in low-income professions, as well as among immigrants (NOU, 2022:5). The social and psychological effects were also uneven, with children and elderly being left particularly vulnerable (Christensen, 2021). Further, the pandemic also at times led to unprecedented pressure on some intensive care units (OECD, 2021). Central to handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway were the three national executive authorities: the Ministry of Health and Care services, the National directorate of health and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. With regard to political-administrative functions, the principle of subsidiarity (decentralisation) and responsibility meant that local governments had a high degree of autonomy in implementing infection control measures. Risk communication was thus also relatively decentralised, depending on the local outbreak situations. While decentralisation likely gave flexibility, ability to improvise in a crisis and utilise the municipalities’ knowledge of local contexts, it also brought forward challenges of coordination between the national and municipal level. Lack of training, infection control and protection equipment thereby prevailed in several municipalities. Although in effect for limited periods of time, the Corona Act, which allowed for fairly severe restrictions, received mixed responses in the public sphere. Critical perceptions towards the Corona Act were not seen as a surprise, considering that Norwegian society has traditionally relied on its ‘dugnadskultur’ – a culture of voluntary contributions in the spirit of solidarity. Government representatives at the frontline of communication were also open about the degree of uncertainty coupled with considerable potential for great societal damage. Overall, the mitigation policy in Norway was successful in keeping the overall infection rates and mortality low, albeit with a few societal and political-administrative challenges. The case of Norway is thus indeed exemplary with regard to its effective mitigation measures and strong government support to mitigate the impact of those measures. However, it also goes to show how a country with good crisis preparedness systems, governance and a comprehensive welfare system was also left somewhat underprepared by the devastating consequences of the pandemic.

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