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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Firmicutes phylum »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Firmicutes phylum"

Kozhieva, Madina, Natalia Naumova, Tatiana Alikina, Alexey Boyko, Valentin Vlassov et Marsel R. Kabilov. « The Core of Gut Life : Firmicutes Profile in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ». Life 11, n^o 1 (14 janvier 2021) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010055.

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The multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence rate has been increasing in Russia, but the information about the gut bacteriobiome in the MS-afflicted patients is scarce. Using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we aimed to analyze the Firmicutes phylum and its taxa in a cohort of Moscow patients with relapsing-remitting MS, assessing the effects of age, BMI, disease modifying therapy (DMT), disability (EDSS), and gender. Among 1252 identified bacterial OTUs, 857 represented Firmicutes. The phylum was the most abundant also in sequence reads, overall averaging 74 ± 13%. The general linear model (GLM) analysis implicated Firmicutes/Clostridia/Clostridiales/Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with BMI, and only Lachospiraceae/Blautia/Blautia wexlerae as increasing with age. A marked DMT-related decrease in Firmicutes was observed in females at the phylum, class (Clostridia), and order (Clostridiales) levels. The results of our study implicate DMT and gender as factors shaping the fecal Firmicutes assemblages. Together with the gender-dependent differential MS incidence growth rate in the country, the results suggest the likely involvement of gender-specific pathoecological mechanisms underlying the occurrence of the disease, switching between its phenotypes and response to disease-modifying therapies. Overall, the presented profile of Firmicutes can be used as a reference for more detailed research aimed at elucidating the contribution of this core phylum and its lower taxa into the etiology and progression of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

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Tsai, Hui-Ju, Yi-Chun Tsai, Wei-Wen Hung, Wei-Chun Hung, Chen-Chia Chang et Chia-Yen Dai. « Gut Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Severity in Type 2 Diabetes Patients ». Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, n^o 3 (23 mars 2021) : 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11030238.

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Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains an important health issue worldwide. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota is associated with the development of NAFLD and T2D. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD severity has remained unclear in T2D patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of gut microbiota with the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study used transient elastography (FibroScan) to evaluate the severity of hepatic steatosis. We utilized qPCR to measure the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium leptum group, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Escherichia coli. Results: Of 163 T2D patients, 83 with moderate to severe NAFLD had higher abundance of bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes with respect to 80 patients without NAFLD or with mild NAFLD. High abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased the severity of NAFLD in T2D patients. A positive correlation between NAFLD severity and the phylum Firmicutes was found in T2D male patients with body mass index ≥24 kg/m2 and glycated hemoglobin <7.5%. Conclusion: Enrichment of the fecal microbiota with the phylum Firmicutes is significantly and positively associated with NAFLD severity in T2D patients. The gut microbiota is a potential predictor of NAFLD severity in T2D patients.

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Wirth, Roland, Nikolett Bódi, Zita Szalai, Lalitha Chandrakumar, Gergely Maróti, Kornél L. Kovács, Zoltán Bagi, Diána Mezei, János Balázs et Mária Bagyánszki. « Perturbation of the mucosa-associated anaerobic gut microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats ». Acta Biologica Szegediensis 65, n^o 1 (21 août 2021) : 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/abs.2021.1.75-84.

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Our aim was to map the gut region-specific diﬀerences of the mucosa-associated microbiome distribution in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Tissue samples from the duodenum, ileum and colon were collected 10 weeks after the onset of hyperglycaemia to analyse the mucosa-associated microbiota using next-generation DNA sequencing. Striking diﬀerences were observed in the mucosa-associated microbiota of the duodenum between diabetic and control rats. A significant invasion of the aerobic genus Mycoplasma was apparent in diabetes, and the abundance of the anaerobic phylum Firmicutes decreased massively. It is noteworthy that insulin treatment eliminated the Mycoplasma invasion in the duodenum and apparently restored the anaerobic environment in the mucosa. In the ileum the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes increased in the diabetic samples. Although the proportion of the phylum Proteobacteria decreased moderately, its composition changed significantly, and insulin treatment induced only minor alterations. In the diabetic samples of colon, the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes decreased slightly, the relative number of the bacteria in the phylum Bacteroidetes increased strongly as compared to the control values, and after insulin treatment this increase was more significant. Chronic hyperglycaemia has the most prominent eﬀect on the mucosa-associated microbiota in the duodenum.

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Seong, Chi Nam, Joo Won Kang, Ji Hee Lee, So Yeon Seo, Jung Jae Woo, Chul Park, Kyung Sook Bae et Mi Sun Kim. « Taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Firmicutes and novel Firmicutes species originated from various environments in Korea ». Journal of Microbiology 56, n^o 1 (janvier 2018) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7318-x.

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Lauková, Andrea, Lenka Micenková, Monika Pogány Simonová, Valentína Focková, Jana Ščerbová, Martin Tomáška, Emília Dvorožňáková et Miroslav Kološta. « Microbiome Associated with Slovak Traditional Ewe’s Milk Lump Cheese ». Processes 9, n^o 9 (7 septembre 2021) : 1603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091603.

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Worldwide consumers increasingly demand traditional/local products, to which those made from ewe’s milk belong. In Slovakia, dairy products made from ewe’s milk have a long tradition. A total of seventeen farmhouse fresh ewe’s milk lump cheeses from various local farm producers in central Slovakia were sampled at farms and then analyzed. Based on the sequencing data analysis, the phylum Firmicutes dominated (60.92%) in ewe’s lump cheeses, followed with the phylum Proteobacteria (38.23%), Actinobacteria (0.38%) and Bacteroidetes (0.35%). The phylum Firmicutes was represented by six genera, among which the highest amount possessed the genus Streptococcus (41.13%) followed with the genus Lactococcus (8.54%), Fructobacillus (3.91%), Enterococcus (3.18%), Staphylococcus (1.80%) and the genus Brochotrix (0.08%). The phylum Proteobacteria in ewe’s lump cheeses involved eight Gram-negative genera: Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Ewingella, Escherichia-Shigella, Pantoea and Moraxella. The phylum Bacteroidetes involved three genera: Bacteroides, Sphingobacterium and Chrysobacterium. Results presented are original; the microbiome of Slovak ewe’s milk lump cheese has been not analyzed at those taxonomic levels up to now.

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Zhao, Siyue, Caiwu Li, Guo Li, Shengzhi Yang, Yingming Zhou, Yongguo He, Daifu Wu et al. « Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca) ». Open Life Sciences 14, n^o 1 (23 juillet 2019) : 288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2019-0032.

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AbstractThe giant panda (GP) was the most endangered species in China, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in host health. To determine the differences of the gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant GPs, a comparative analysis of gut microbiota in GPs was carried out by 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing. In 16S rRNA sequencing, 435 OTUs, 17 phyla and 182 genera were totally detected. Firmicutes (53.6%) was the predominant phylum followed by Proteobacteria (37.8%) and Fusobacteria (7.1%). Escherichia/Shigella (35.9%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Streptococcus (25.9%) and Clostridium (11.1%). In ITS sequencing, 920 OTUs, 6 phyla and 322 genera were also detected. Ascomycota (71.3%) was the predominant phylum followed by Basidiomycota (28.4%) and Zygomycota (0.15%). Purpureocillium (4.4%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Cladosporium (2.5%) and Pezicula (2.4%). Comparative analysis indicated that the male GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Firmicutes than female GPs with the contribution from genus Streptococcus. Meanwhile, the female GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Proteobacteria than male GPs with the contribution from genus Escherichia/ Shigella. In addition, the shift in bacteria from female to pregnant GPs indicated that phylum Firmicutes increased significantly with the contribution from Clostridium in the gut, which may provide an opportunity to study possible associations with low reproduction of the GPs.

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Xu, Huiwen, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli, Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez, Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto, Isabelle Kohler, Xinyu Di, Ramiro Vilchez-Vargas et al. « Plasma Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Derived Oxylipins Are Associated with Fecal Microbiota Composition in Young Adults ». Nutrients 14, n^o 23 (24 novembre 2022) : 4991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14234991.

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Pre-clinical studies suggest that circulating oxylipins, i.e., the oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), modulate gut microbiota composition in mice, but there is no information available in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins plasma levels and fecal microbiota composition in a cohort of young adults. 80 young adults (74% women; 21.9 ± 2.2 years old) were included in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of oxylipins were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by V3-V4 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that plasma levels of omega-3 derived oxylipins were positively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho ≥ 0.415, p ≤ 0.009) and negatively associated with the relative abundance of Sutterella genus (Proteobacteria phylum; rho ≥ −0.270, p ≤ 0.041), respectively. Moreover, plasma levels of omega-6 derived oxylipins were negatively associated with the relative abundance of Acidaminococcus and Phascolarctobacterium genera (Firmicutes phylum; all rho ≥ −0.263, p ≤ 0.024), as well as Sutterella, Succinivibrio, and Gemmiger genera (Proteobacteria phylum; all rho ≥ −0.263, p ≤ 0.024). Lastly, the ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins plasma levels was negatively associated with the relative abundance of Clostridium cluster IV genus (Firmicutes phylum; rho = −0.334, p = 0.004) and Butyricimonas genus (Bacteroidetes phylum; rho = −0.292, p = 0.014). In conclusion, our results show that the plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 derived oxylipins are associated with the relative abundance of specific fecal bacteria genera.

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Tsai, Hui-Ju, Wei-Chung Tsai, Wei-Chun Hung, Wei-Wen Hung, Chen-Chia Chang, Chia-Yen Dai et Yi-Chun Tsai. « Gut Microbiota and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ». Nutrients 13, n^o 8 (1 août 2021) : 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13082679.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The gut microbiota may contribute to the onset and progression of T2D and CVD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the gut microbiota and subclinical CVD in T2D patients. This cross-sectional study used echocardiographic data to evaluate the cardiac structure and function in T2D patients. We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure the abundances of targeted fecal bacterial species that have been associated with T2D, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Clostridium leptum group, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Escherichia coli. A total of 155 subjects were enrolled (mean age 62.9 ± 10.1 years; 57.4% male and 42.6% female). Phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and genera Bacteroides were positively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction. Low levels of phylum Firmicutes were associated with an increased risk of left ventricular hypertrophy. High levels of both phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Bacteroides were negatively associated with diastolic dysfunction. A high phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and low level of genera Bacteroides were correlated with an increased left atrial diameter. Phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, the F/B ratio, and the genera Bacteroides were associated with variations in the cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic dysfunction in T2D patients. These findings suggest that changes in the gut microbiome may be the potential marker of the development of subclinical CVD in T2D patients.

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Neupane, Saraswoti, Anuradha Ghosh, Sebastian Gunther, Karin Martin et Ludek Zurek. « Culicoidibacter larvae gen. nov., sp. nov., from the gastrointestinal tract of the biting midge (Culicoides sonorensis) larva, belongs to a novel lineage Culicoidibacteraceae fam. nov., Culicoidibacterales ord. nov. and Culicoidibacteria classis nov. of the phylum Firmicutes ». International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2020) : 6482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004543.

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Strain CS-1T, a novel facultative anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from the larval gastrointestinal tract of the biting midge, Culicoides sonorensis, a vector of the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus and the bluetongue virus. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic rods. Optimal growth occurred at pH 7.5 and 37 °C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 38.3 mol%, estimated by using HPLC. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0 (45.9 %) and C16 : 0 (26.6 %). The polar lipid profile comprised glycolipids, diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids and phosphoglycolipids. Respiratory quinones were not detected. Strain CS-1T had very low 16S rRNA gene similarity to members of the phylum Firmicutes : Macrococcus canis KM45013T (85 % similarity) and Turicibacter sanguinis MOL361T (88 % similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB genes, and conserved protein sequences of the whole genome revealed that strain CS-1T was related to members of the classes Bacilli and Erysipelotrichia within the phylum Firmicutes . Furthermore, average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization analyses of the whole genome revealed very low sequence similarity to species of Bacilli and Erysipelotrichaceae ( Macrococcus canis KM45013T and Turicibacter sp. H121). These results indicate that strain CS-1T belongs to the phylum Firmicutes and represents a new species of a novel genus, family, order and class. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics, we propose the novel taxon Culicoidibacter larvae gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain CS-1T (=CCUG 71726T=DSM 106607T) within the hereby new proposed novel family Culicoidibacteraceae fam. nov., new order Culicoidibacaterales ord. nov. and new class Culicoidibacteria classis nov. in the phylum Firmicutes .

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Haakensen, M., C. M. Dobson, H. Deneer et B. Ziola. « Real-time PCR detection of bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes Phylum ». International Journal of Food Microbiology 125, n^o 3 (juillet 2008) : 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.04.002.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Firmicutes phylum"

Homburg, Constanze. « Der ABC-Importer MalF1G1K12-E1 aus Lactobacillus casei BL23 - Biochemische Charakterisierung und Einblicke in die Regulation durch P-Ser46-HPr ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19303.

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In den Firmicutes wird der Induktorausschluss (Katabolitrepression) durch das am Serin46 phosphorylierte HPr (PTS) vermittelt. Der genaue Mechanismus war jedoch unklar. Um diese Frage auf der Grundlage von isolierten Proteinen zu klären, wurde ein zum Escherichia coli Maltose-/Maltodextrin-ABC-Transporter homologes System aus Lactobacillus casei BL23 (MalE1-MalF1G1K12) als Modellsystem genutzt. Im Rahmen der Promotion wurde über isothermale Titrationskalorimetrie und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie gezeigt, dass das Bindeprotein MalE1 lineare und zyklische Maltodextrine, aber keine Maltose bindet. Experimentell ermittelte dreidimensionale Strukturen von MalE1 im Komplex mit diesen Zuckern belegten eine vergleichbar geschlossene Konformation und dienten zusätzlich als Grundlage, um die fehlende Maltosebindung zu erklären. Die Stimulierung der ATPaseaktivität des in Liposomen und Nanodiscs eingebauten Komplexes wurde jedoch hauptsächlich durch eine MalE1-Beladung mit linearen Maltodextrinen bewirkt. Eine bis zu 85 %ige Inhibierung der ATPaseaktivität durch P-Ser46-HPr belegte erstmals in vitro eine Interaktion von mehr als einem phosphorylierten Protein mit dem Transporter. Analog zum EIIAGlc-Inhibitor des homologen Systems aus E. coli wurden über Quervernetzungsexperimente und massenspektrometrische Analysen Interaktionen mit dem MalK1-Dimer als interagierende Komplexeinheit in der Nähe des Walker A-Motivs nachgewiesen. Über Fluoreszenzmessungen in Anwesenheit des ATP-Analogons TNP-ATP wurde eine unbeeinflusste ATP-Bindung und damit eine fehlende Blockade der γ-Phosphatbindestelle des Walker-A Motivs durch die Phosphorylgruppe von P-Ser46-HPr bestimmt. Die folgende Substitution verschiedener positiv geladener MalK1-Reste, die als potenzielle Interaktionsstellen für die Phosphorylgruppe fungieren könnten, identifizierte K63 in der Nähe des Walker A-Motivs als ersten möglichen Partner. Der genaue Mechanismus der Inhibierung bleibt jedoch unklar.
Catabolite repression is a global mechanism which controls the utilization of carbohydrates in bacteria. In Firmicutes HPr, a component of the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system, prevents the uptake of less preferred sugars but only when it is phosphorylated at serine46. However the exact mechanism was unclear. To address this question the purified ATP-binding cassette transporter from Lactobacillus casei BL23 (MalE1-MalF1G1K12) was used as a model system, which is homologous to the Escherichia coli maltose/maltodextrin ABC importer. Isothermal titration calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the binding protein MalE1 binds linear and cyclic maltodextrins but not maltose. Experimentally determined three-dimensional structures from MalE1 in complex with these sugars show a comparably closed conformation and served as a basis to explain the lack of maltose binding. The stimulation of the ATPase activity of the transporter incorporated in liposomes and nanodiscs however, was mainly caused by MalE1 loaded with linear maltodextrins. For the first time an inhibition of ATPase activity by P-Ser46-HPr up to 85 % and an interaction of more than one phosphorylated protein with the transporter was demonstrated. Analogous to the EIIAGlc inhibitor of the homologous system from E. coli, cross-linking experiments and mass spectrometric analyzes revealed interactions with the MalK1 dimer near the Walker A motif. Fluorescence measurements in the presence of the ATP analogue TNP-ATP, however, revealed an unaffected ATP binding and thus a lack of blockade of the γ-phosphate binding site (Walker A motif) by the phosphoryl group from P-Ser46-HPr. The following substitution of several positively charged MalK1 residues that could act as potential sites of interaction for the phosphoryl group, identified K63 near the Walker A motif as the first potential partner. The exact mechanism of inhibition, however, remains unclear.

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TRIPODI, LORELLA. « INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IS A MAJOR DETERMINANT IN THE RESPONSE TO ONCOLYTIC VACCINE IN A MOUSE MODEL OF MELANOMA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/884815.

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Cancer immunotherapy has achieved tremendous results, however the outcome of therapies targeting immune inhibitory pathways, specifically CTLA-4 and the axis between programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand 1 (PD-L1) has many genetic and environmental sources of variability. Many studies demonstrated the influence of gut microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) outcome. Besides ICIs, oncolytic vaccines (OVs) are a promising therapeutic alternative in cancer immunotherapy with possible relevant contribution to treatment of several types of tumors; OVs are, in fact, able to convert immunologically “cold” tumors into “hot” ones. OVs represent an optimum candidate to combine with ICIs, increasing their response blockade both in immunogenic and poorly immunogenic tumors. We hypothesized that manipulation of intestinal gut microbiota could also affect OVs therapeutic efficacy; at this aim, we determined whether efficacy of the oncolytic adenovirus Ad5D24-CpG (Ad-CpG) therapy could be affected by the gut microbiome in a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma. Sterilization of the gut microbiota with highdose vancomycin impaired efficacy of Ad-CpG therapy, reducing the tumor-infiltrating IFN-gamma CD8 T-cell. Cohousing mice pre-treated with vancomycin and a control group, with consequent microbiota restoration, prior to treatment with Ad-CpG, ablated the negative effect of antibiotic, confirming that Ad-CpG-reduced efficacy was mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Considering the ability of Bifidobacterium as a positive regulator of antitumor immunity in vivo, by promoting pro-inflammatory signals in innate immune cells, we evaluated tumor regression in syngeneic mouse model of melanoma treated with a combination of Ad-CpG and Bifidobacterium spp. cocktail. The group receiving the combined regimen showed the best tumor control and an enrichment of bacteria belong to Firmicutes phylum, evaluated by fecal microbiome profiling by 16S rRNA. Our data indicates that gut microbiota affects the immune responses elicited by oncolytic adenovirus Ad-CpG and Bifidobacterium supplementations maximize its activity.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Firmicutes phylum"

Madigan, Michael T., et Johannes F. Imhoff. « Phylum BXIII. Firmicutes ». Dans Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, 625–37. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21609-6_29.

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Ludwig, Wolfgang, Karl-Heinz Schleifer et William B. Whitman. « Taxonomic outline of the phylum Firmicutes ». Dans Systematic Bacteriology, 15–17. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68489-5_2.

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Ludwig, Wolfgang, Karl-Heinz Schleifer et William B. Whitman. « Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes ». Dans Systematic Bacteriology, 1–13. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68489-5_1.

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Schleifer, Karl-Heinz. « Phylum XIII. Firmicutes Gibbons and Murray 1978, 5 (Firmacutes [sic] Gibbons and Murray 1978, 5) ». Dans Systematic Bacteriology, 19–1317. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68489-5_3.

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Sun, Bin-Lu, Wei-Wei Li, Jun Wang, Ya-Li Xu, Hao-Lun Sun, Ding-Yuan Tian, Yan-Jiang Wang et Xiu-Qing Yao. « Gut Microbiota Alteration and Its Time Course in a Tauopathy Mouse Model ». Dans Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad220017.

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Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a role in neurodegenerative disorders. However, whether the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are altered in tauopathies remains largely unknown. This study was aimed to examine the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in tauopathies, as well as the correlation with pathological changes in the brain. We collected fecal samples from 32 P301L tau transgenic mice and 32 age- and gender-matched littermate mice at different ages. The 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing technique was used to analyze the microbiota composition in feces. Brain tau pathology levels were measured by immunohistochemistry. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiota significantly changed with aging. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, while Firmicutes were decreased in P301L mice compared with that in Wt mice after 3 months of age. In addition, Actinobacteria was decreased in P301L mice at 3 and 6 months of age, meanwhile Tenericutes was decreased in P301L mice at 10 months of age. Moreover, several specific macrobiota were highly associated with the levels of AT8-tau or pT231-tau protein in the brain. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota changed with aging, as well as in the tauopathy mice model. Modulation of the gut microbiota may be a potential strategy for treatment of tauopathy.

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Westfall, Susan, Duy M. Dinh et Giulio Maria Pasinetti. « Investigation of Potential Brain Microbiome in Alzheimer’s Disease : Implications of Study Bias ». Dans Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad220004.

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Background: Dysbiotic microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract promotes and aggravates neurodegenerative disorders. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been shown to correlate to dysbiotic bacteria and the immune, metabolic, and endocrine abnormalities associated with abnormal gut-brain-axis signaling. Recent reports also indicate that brain dysbacteriosis may play a role in AD pathogenesis. Objective: To evaluate the presence and differences of brain-region dependent microbiomes in control and AD subjects and the contribution of study bias. Methods: Two independent cohorts of postmortem AD brain samples were collected from separate locations, processed with different extraction protocols and investigated for the presence of bacterial DNA indicative of a brain microbiome with V4 16S next generation sequencing. Results: In both cohorts, few differences between the control and AD groups were observed in terms of alpha and beta diversities, phyla and genera proportions. Independent of study in both AD and control subjects the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Variations in beta diversity between hippocampal and cerebellum samples were observed indicating an impact of brain region on the presence of microbial DNA. Importantly, differences in alpha and beta diversities between the two independent cohorts were found indicating a significant cohort- and processing-dependent effect on the microbiome. Finally, there were cohort-specific correlations between the gut microbiome and subject demographics indicate that postmortem interval may have a significant impact on brain microbiome determination. Conclusion: Regardless of the study bias, this study concludes that bacterial DNA can be isolated from the human brain suggesting that a brain microbiome may exist; however, more studies are required to understand the variation in AD.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Firmicutes phylum"

M.M., Solovyev, Kashinskaya E.N., Simonov E.P. et Shokurova A.V. « DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FEATURES OF SYMPATRIC PAIR OF WHITEFISHES FROM GENUS COREGONUS AS A BASIS FOR SPECIES-SPECIFIC DIET FORMULATION ». Dans II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.135-137.

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In the present study, the key biochemical characteristics of digestive enzymes, as well as the taxonomical structure of microbial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of sympatric pairs of whitefish of the genus Coregonus from different lakes of Siberia, was carried out. The dominant phyla in the gastrointestinal tract of whitefish from Teletskoye Lake were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Tenericutes, while only the phylum Proteobacteria dominated in whitefish from Baunt Lake. Between benthivorous and planktivorous, the main differences associated with digestive enzymes were observed in the levels of activity of pancreatic hydrolases.

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Akhtemova, G. A., E. N. Vasileva, A. M. Afonin, V. A. Zhukov et I. A. Tikhonovich. « Culturable endophytic bacteria from garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) ». Dans 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes : the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.009.

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From the organs of various genotypes of Pisum sativum L., culturable endophytic bacteria belonging to phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, were isolated. Among them, growth-stimulating strains were identified.

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