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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Financial crises – Finland – 21st century »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Chinn, Menzie D. "Lessons from the First Financial Crises of the 21st Century." International Finance 9, no. 2 (2006): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2362.2006.00178.x.

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Hajdari, Arton, Nexhat Shkodra, and Artan Hajdini. "An Overview of The Macro 21st Century Crises That Affected Economies Globally." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 10 (2024): 925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/rxvh3a46.

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This review article explains the causes, implications and policy responses globally and in the Republic of Kosovo of the five crises of the 21st century. Three out of five crises included in this paper (financial crisis, debt crisis and inflation) had happened before the 21st century as well, so they are repeated, but the other two (energy crisis and COVID-19 crisis) are specific, especially the COVID-19 crisis because of the lockdown measures that have been undertaken globally. Indeed, throughout the history of human beings, it is impossible to find another crisis (apart from COVID-19) that f

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Priels, Koenraad. "Ending the Global Kleptocracy: Financial Innovation for the 21st Century." Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) 2, no. 1 (2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21111/jocrise.v2i1.49.

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The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive and workable answer for addressing the socio-ecological crises that result from the severely flawed socio-economic system that is the capitalist world system to date. It presents a fundamental first step towards correcting this system, by addressing and correcting the monetary system whereupon a global kleptocracy has been constructed. At this point, there are no more excuses for social scientists, politicians, and regulatory agencies to hide in ivory towers. Conclusively, the feasible possibility for a pro-social, pro-ecological, and pro

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Kiley, Michael T., and Frederic S. Mishkin. "Central Banking Post Crises." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2024-035 (May 2024): 1–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2024.035.

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The world economy has experienced the largest financial crisis in generations, a global pandemic, and a resurgence in inflation during the first quarter of the 21st century, yielding important insights for central banking. Price stability has important benefits and is the responsibility of a central bank. Achieving price stability in a complex and uncertain environment involves a credible commitment to a nominal anchor with a strong response to inflation and pre-emptive leaning against an overheating economy. Associated challenges imply that central bank communication and transparency are key

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Wardley-Kershaw, Julia, and Klaus R. Schenk-Hoppé. "Economic Growth in the UK: Growth’s Battle with Crisis." Histories 2, no. 4 (2022): 374–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories2040028.

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In this second paper in a series of four, we examine how the era of sustained economic growth also gave rise to recurring economic crises. Assessing the economic turbulence of the late 19th century and the early 20th century, and three prominent crises of the 20th and early 21st centuries: the period following the Second World War, the 1980–1981 Recession and the 2008 Financial Crisis, we survey how the economy and policy have reacted historically to shocks to growth, how crises have restructured industry and work, altering productivity and impacting future growth potential, and how the long-r

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Mrowiec, Marcin. "SAFE-HAVEN CURRENCIES DURING FINANCIAL MARKET INSTABILITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series 2024, no. 208 (2024): 385–98. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.208.22.

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Purpose: The aim of this article is to verify whether the Swiss franc (CHF), the US dollar (USD), and the Japanese yen (JPY) continue to function as safe haven currencies in the financial markets of the 21st century. Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of correlations of logarithmic returns of major currency indices with the S&P 500 index during periods of financial instability and additional verification of net positions of selected market participants. Findings: Based on the analysis of the return correlations of CHF, JPY, and USD with the S&P 500 during periods of heightened uncer

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Kalmár, György. "Post-Crisis Reckoning: Making Sense of Early 21^st-Century Civilizational Ruptures." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2021-0001.

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Abstract As the world is struggling with the Covid crisis and its numerous aftereffects, it is easy to forget that the present pandemic is only the latest of a whole series of paradigm-changing 21st-century crises. Indeed, the word “crisis” has become one of the key concepts for the understanding of the early 21st century. Thus, crisis seems very much to be the default position of the 21st century, the new norm. In this paper, I argue that the 21st century has a recognizably different cultural logic from what the previous one had: most of our social, ideological, political, financial, and ecol

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Teng, Yihuan. "The Measures to Solve the US Subprime Crisis and Inspirations." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 79, no. 1 (2024): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/79/20241777.

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This paper focuses on the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States at the beginning of the 21st century, and analyzes how this crisis was formed through chain transmission from the perspective of financial bonds in the real estate industry. The paper focuses on the Federal Reserve's policy adjustments and the collapse of the banking system, in order to elucidate the severe impacts of the subprime crisis on the US financial system. Through data collection and attribution analysis, it intends to provide methods for preventing similar crises from happening again, including diversifying polic

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Kaspersen, Lars Bo, and Liv Egholm. "Five progressive responses to the grand challenges of the 21st century: An introduction." Thesis Eleven 167, no. 1 (2021): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07255136211059215.

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We are living in a world which is severely crisis-ridden and faces some major challenges. The fact that we are currently facing a genuine global pandemic (COVID-19) brings about even more uncertainty. The social and political institutions, which emerged and consolidated during the 20th century, and which created stability, have become fragile. The young generation born in the 1990s and onwards have experienced 9/11 and the ‘war against terrorism’, the financial crisis of 2008, changes to climate, environmental degradation, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. The generation born between 19

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Dabrowski, Marek. "Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again?" Russian Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (2019): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.5.35506.

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After two turbulent decades (1980s and 1990s) when emerging-market economies were frequent victims of financial crises, in the first two decades of the 21st century their macroeconomic performance improved. Nevertheless, there were three crisis episodes that hit some of these countries: (i) the spill-over effects of the global financial crisis in 2008–2009; (ii) the consequences of the decline in commodity prices in 2014–2016 for their exporters; (iii) the turbulence in Argentina and Turkey in 2018. Currency crises in Argentina and Turkey in 2018 underlined again the key role of prudent domest

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Dabrowski, Marek. "Can emerging markets be a source of global troubles again?" Russian Journal of Economics 5, no. (1) (2019): 67–87. https://doi.org/10.32609/j.ruje.5.35506.

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After two turbulent decades (1980s and 1990s) when emerging-market economies were frequent victims of financial crises, in the first two decades of the 21st century their macroeconomic performance improved. Nevertheless, there were three crisis episodes that hit some of these countries: (i) the spill-over effects of the global financial crisis in 2008–2009; (ii) the consequences of the decline in commodity prices in 2014–2016 for their exporters; (iii) the turbulence in Argentina and Turkey in 2018. Currency crises in Argentina and Turkey in 2018 underlined again the key role of prudent domest

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Harvey, Charles. "Book Review: Global markets and financial crises in Asia: towards a theory for the 21st century." Progress in Development Studies 5, no. 4 (2005): 348–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146499340500500410.

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Mainzer, Klaus. "Challenges of Complexity in the 21st Century. An Interdisciplinary Introduction." European Review 17, no. 2 (2009): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798709000714.

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The theory of nonlinear complex systems has become a proven problem-solving approach in the natural sciences from cosmic and quantum systems to cellular organisms and the brain. Even in modern engineering science self-organizing systems are developed to manage complex networks and processes. It is now recognized that many of our ecological, social, economic, and political problems are also of a global, complex, and nonlinear nature. Modern evolutionary economics can be modelled in the framework of complex systems and nonlinear dynamics. Historically, evolutionary economics was inspired by Schu

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Zakaria, Shahsuzan, Mohd Afzanizam Abdul Rashid, and Dheya Hamood Saif Al-Fakih. "Financial Risk: Case Study Analysis." Information Management and Business Review 16, no. 1(I)S (2024): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i1(i)s.3747.

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This study explores the complex context of real-life financial risks. Using a thorough analysis of real case studies to reveal its varied nature and practical implications. Beginning with observations in the Age of Exploration and International Trade, the Financial Crisis of the 17th and 18th Centuries, and the Financial Crises of the 21st Century, this paper highlights the lessons learned for the current organization as well as individual contexts on how financial risk can affect the stability of financial conditions. This article, by deconstructing noteworthy instances of market crashes, cor

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Staszel, Anna. "Przyczyny i skutki kryzysu finansowego: sporne kwestie teoretyczne." Krakow Review of Economics and Management/Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie, no. 920 (December 10, 2015): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/krem.705.

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This paper gathers different views of economists on the causes and effects of financial crises. It also examines the position of professors of economics on the path chosen by contemporary economics. The article briefly discusses the causes of the global economic crisis of the 21st century, running them through Hyman Minsky's model. It also looks at the effects of the crisis along with the actions taken by different institutions in response to the crisis. The main purpose of the paper is to look closer at theoretical views and arguments presented by economists including Hyman Minsky, Paul Krugm

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Zharikov, M. "The Role of Financial Globalization in the Propagation of the World Financial Crisis." Review of Business and Economics Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2019-7-2-22-31.

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This article is specifically devoted to financial globalisation and financial crises in the early 21st century. Obviously, it is a topic everyone is interested in after the global financial crisis of 2008–2010, the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression. Its effects are still felt across the world today. Both industrial and emerging countries still suffer from high unemployment. In some of them, GDP has not yet reached pre-crisis levels. And this global crisis — if it were not enough — was followed very quickly by the Eurozone’s sovereign debt crisis, which even though Irelan

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Liliya, Timofeyeva. "Combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 1(19) (March 31, 2022): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.254036.

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In the 21st century Ukraine faced with horrific crimes against humanity that were known during World War II. Despite the Minsk agreements, on February 24, 2022 the Russian Federation started a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The issue of combating crimes against humanity in the 21st century is considered. The commission of such crimes violates a number of international conventions and treaties, including the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 17 July 1998, the Charter of the United Nations of 26 June 1945, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Conv

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Лишуан, Го, Ду Ванюэ та Сюй Цзин. "Критика глобального кризиса капитализма с позиции современных российских ученых". Vek globalizatsii, № 1 (30 березня 2024): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30884/vglob/2024.01.04.

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Chinese Marxist philosophers analyze the critical understanding by Russian scientists of the global crisis of capitalism and the prospects for social development in the 21st century. It is noted that the global crisis of capitalism is a natural stage of systemic contradictions in the logic of bourgeois development, and that modern problems of the capitalist economy are rooted in the inevitability of cyclical crises in conditions of market production and the hegemony of financial capital. It is suggested that the global crisis of capitalism is a cumulative manifestation of globalization in the

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ZABALDINA, Yuliia, and Iryna DVORSKA. "Anti-crisis adaptation of the Ukrainian tourism industry." Scientia fructuosa 156, no. 4 (2024): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/1.2024(156)07.

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With the development of tourism, a tourism companies or destinations become as dependent as possible on a wide variety of political, social and economic events, and this actualizes a number of risks and increases vulnerability to a potential crisis. The set of crises that befell Ukraine throughout the 21st century, each time destabilized the progressive development of the tourism sector, pushed entrepreneurial initiatives back into the past. Mitigating the impact of crisis phenomena on the development of tourism cannot be imagined without a detailed statistical analysis of these impacts and t

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Garncarz, Jakub, and Mateusz Mierzejewski. "The Impact of Crises on the Intellectual Capital of Companies in the Food Sector." e-Finanse 15, no. 3 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0015.

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AbstractBoth the financial crisis of the first decade of the 21st century, as well as the deterioration of trade relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation were events that significantly affected the functioning of the largest listed companies on the food market: on the one hand, aggravating the conditions of economic functioning, on the other hand creating a stimulus to seek new innovative solutions to help companies survive on the market. The aim of the work was to present the impact of crises on the intellectual capital of WIG-Food index companies, which is an indirect

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Złoty, Marcin. "The “Sheep Rush” phenomenon and the level of social trust during the financial crisis 2008+, the COVID-19 pandemic and chosen armed attacks in the 21st century." Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy, no. 79 (September 30, 2024): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2024.3.3.

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Economic and pandemic crises, along with military actions, constitute a strong cause-and-effect link between the occurrence of society’s loss of trust in the market environment in the 21st century. The occurrence of unfavourable situations is often related to the “Sheep Rush” phenomenon. The lack of regulations and effective tools to prevent and counteract market turmoil increases the mood of anxiety. Many consumers and investors, in a situation of ignorance and chaos, begin to imitate emerging market trends. In times of crisis, many citizens begin to buy gold, which increases in value with hi

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HOLOBIUC, Ana-Maria. "A CLOSE LOOK AT THE CONVERGENCE PATTERNS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21st CENTURY." ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ORADEA. ECONOMIC SCIENCES 3, no. 1 (2023): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes32(1)039.

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Since the first initiatives of integration on the European continent, promoting economic, social and territorial cohesion has remained one of the key principles of the European Union. Over the past decades, the stability and prosperity of the European continent was threatened by diverse and turbulent events, ranging from economic and financial turmoil to sanitary and social crises, which have emphasized the need to strengthen the cohesion between Members. The aim of this paper is to study the economic landscape of the European Union by looking at the evolution of the GDP per capita between 200

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Collins Estrada, Renzo Martin. "The impact of risk management on organizations: A literature review." Gestión en el Tercer Milenio 26, no. 52 (2023): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v26i52.24128.

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Events in the early years of the 21st century, such as the Enron and WorldCom scandals and the financial crises, revealed significant deficiencies in existing control processes and the difficulties companies had in structuring robust risk management models. With the advent of COSO ERM, ISO 31000 and the Sarbanes Oxley Act –as the main frameworks for holistic risk management models– the aim was for organizations to improve their ability to achieve their strategic objectives through activities that manage uncertainty and, above all, create and sustain organizational value. The purpose of this pa

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Pogorletskiy, Alexander. "Residential Real Estate Market of the People’s Republic of China: Features, Problems and Development Prospects." Regionalistica 11, no. 5 (2024): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.14530/reg.2024.5.59.

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By the beginning of the 21st century, the residential real estate market had become the driving force behind the growth of the Chinese economy, giving a powerful impetus to the development of related types of economic activity. The article presents the characteristics of its features, including mechanisms to support investments in real estate, identifies problems and prospects for the functioning of the housing market, considering the risks of a recurrence of the mortgage and financial crises according to the US scenario. The role of the state in regulating the residential real estate market o

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Eid, Mahmoud, and Jenna Bresolin Slade. "A Triad of Crisis Communication in the United States." International Journal of Technoethics 3, no. 4 (2012): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jte.2012100101.

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The United States experienced a core-shaking tumble from their pedestal of superpower at the beginning of the 21st century, facing three intertwined crises which revealed a need for change: the financial system collapse, lack of proper healthcare and government turmoil, and growing impatience with the War on Terror. This paper explores the American governments’ and citizens’ use of social network sites (SNS), namely Facebook and YouTube, to conceptualize and debate about national crises, in order to bring about social change, a notion that is synonymous with societal improvement on a national

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Stănciulescu, Robert, and Elvira Beldiman. "Considerations about the Conceptualization of National Security in the European Union." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 1 (2016): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0026.

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Abstract The intrinsic links between national security and other types of security also results from the fact that the threats and challenges of the 21st century no longer address the national segment, but also the entire international community, which causes the occurence of security structures at all levels to manage the crises that arise at some point internationally. It is known that in terms of security, states usually adopt a mutual security and defense policy, using human, material, financial and information resources available to everyone in a collective manner. If NATO is a good and e

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Nakayama, Chikako. "Longing for Haute Finance in the 21st Century? A Neo-Polanyian Approach to the Theory of Money in the Digital Age." Accounting and Finance Research 10, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v10n4p1.

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This article examines the Libra project, which was announced by Facebook in 2019 as an important turning point in the development of digital currency since Bitcoin. Libra is a kind of stablecoin, and it has been identified as a global stablecoin owing to its wide-ranging impact on the dimension of global finance. Because the Libra project aims to offer a globally accessible low-cost payment system for all users, we analyse it in the research area of global finance with a qualitative approach to the history of economic theories of money and finance. In this area, Karl Polanyi’s thoughts on mone

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Yu, Aizhi, Huiling She, and Jingsheng Cao. "Evolution of the Spatial Patterns of Global Egg Trading Networks in the 21 Century." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 11895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511895.

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Global agriculture and food system is faced with increasing uncertainty from natural disasters, epidemics, financial crises, and wars. Agricultural trade can provide a powerful supplement to global food security. Eggs have been recognized as the most important protein source for many years as they contain the highest quality protein naturally available while the price is competitive. Egg trading plays an important role in enhancing the resilience of the global food system under uncertainty. We empirically investigate the evolution of global egg trading networks by social network analysis. And,

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Ignatskaya, Marina A., and Daniyil R. Malykhin. "Extremely High Environmental Turbulence as a Challenge to 21st Century System Management." RUDN Journal of Public Administration 8, no. 2 (2021): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8313-2021-8-2-115-127.

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The article actualizes the challenges of developing the theoretical and methodological basis for managing environmental turbulence in the 21st century under the unprecedented changes that have taken place both in the interpretation of the category of turbulence itself and the ability to manage it between the end of 2019 and the present in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the analysis of the category of turbulence of the new type are presented, as well as its nature and content are determined. Conceptual approaches to the criteria for the effectiveness of turbulence manageme

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Tajti, Tibor. "The law-finance-technology nexus in the 21ST century. Is there a need to rethink the limits of law?" Society and Economy 37, no. 4 (2015): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/204.2015.37.4.3.

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As readily proven by the Credit Crunch and the consequent 2008 Global Financial Crisis, our perception of what law and regulation can achieve to forestall financial calamities and to protect the integrity of the system was seriously mistaken. Besides the misjudged risks generated by financial innovation as well as financial pathology and general incomprehension of finance as such, two further misconceptions are of interdisciplinary nature. On the one hand, the risk-type that was brought to the surface by the Credit Crunch was systemic risk; a risk of complexity and dimensions that was corollar

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Pavlinov, Dmitriy, and Oksana Savchina. "Financial Stability of the Russian Airlines in Conditions of the Economic Turbulence." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika 26, no. 4 (2025): 144–61. https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2024.4.12.

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In conditions of the macroeconomic and geopolitical instability the aircraft industry companies are amongst the first to face difficulties. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian airlines have had to face three serious economic crises and are now living through the fourth. Even in normal economic conditions, airlines often become bankrupt, which highlights the relevance of researching methods of ensuring the financial stability of their activities. The article seeks to assess the dynamics of the financial condition of the largest Russian airlines, to identify the stability of suc

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GÖKPINAR, Seher. "The Reflections of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the USA Economy and Global Economic Challenges." Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis 7, no. 1 (2022): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25229/beta.1115611.

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The world has spent the 20th century mostly with wars and deep political crises. In the 21st century, problems have become more complex by adding new ones to existing problems. The last crisis, the effects of which are deeply felt all over the world, has already taken its place in world history as the Covid-19 pandemic. Although Covid-19 started with a health crisis, it soon evolved into a deep global economic crisis. During this period, all countries of the world have applied for a large number of financial support to minimize the economic turbulence caused by the pandemic.Within the scope of

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Grant, Terri, and Gaontebale Nodoba. "Sustainable Business Practices for Sustainable Futures." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 4 (2013): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss4.122.

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The Professional Communication Unit (PCU) at the University of Cape Town (UCT) has developed innovative, multimodal teaching approaches that aim to contribute to the notion of corporate citizenship. Two separate course partnerships strive to equip senior commerce students with graduate attributes valued in business and government. Course one involves a partnership with environmental consultants who collaborate with staff to mentor students during their institutional investigation of sustainable business practices. Course two involves collaboration between students, staff and small business own

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Pietrucha, Jacek. "Drivers of the Cash Paradox." Risks 9, no. 12 (2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9120227.

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An upward trend in the share of cash in GDP has been observed since the beginning of the 21st century and has not yet been fully explained in the literature. In fact, the interest rate is the only variable that has been well researched and well confirmed as a determinant of the cash/GDP ratio. The novelty of this study is primarily considering new determinants of the share of cash in GDP (including in particular monetization and financial development), as well as testing the significance of uncertainty and institutions. The data cover the period 2001–2020 for 82 countries. The most important c

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Roukanas, A. Spyros, and Vaggelis Vitzileos. "The Response of International Financial Institutions to the COVID-19 Crisis." Studies in Business and Economics 18, no. 2 (2023): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2023-0036.

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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic could be characterised as one of the most impactful crises so far in the 21st century, because of its multiple and multidimensional ramifications. The sudden shutdown of the global economy created the conditions for a new global crisis, just a few years after the global financial crisis. Furthermore, it overlapped with the ongoing challenges of dealing with the consequences of climate change and the digitisation of economies, as well as the existing geopolitical rivalries and geoeconomic inequalities. In this context, the International Financial Institutions (IFI

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Butt, Sadaf, Saad Jaffar, and Zeenat Haroon. "Impacts of Covid-19 on Religious Seminaries & Educational Sectors of Pakistan: A Scholastic Approach." Journal of Religious and Social Studies 1, no. 02 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53583/jrss01.0102.2021.

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Corona Virus has become one of the most contagious pandemics of the 21st century, which has affected people all over the world. Economically stable countries have not suffered as much from the crises, but third-world countries are suffering greatly from the virus. Pakistan is currently facing financial, economic, and educational crises, on the other hand, people are losing their lives every day. This pandemic has not only created problems for students but also for the government. A staggering economy, growing poverty, and online learning were huge challenges. Marking strategies during online l

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Wang, Runxuan. "The Research on the Age Structure Characteristics of Japanese Society and Related Strategies." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 42 (December 12, 2024): 660–68. https://doi.org/10.54097/p2ah3p51.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, Japan has confronted the crises of paedophilia and an ageing population, stemming from a prolonged history of dropping birth rates and a relatively small immigrant population due to restrictive immigration rules. The shift in age demographics has introduced numerous challenges to Japanese society, exerting pressure on the government budget due to rising pension payments and healthcare expenditure, while also hindering economic progress. In response to this issue, the Japanese government has implemented the New Dimension Measure, which is a more generous

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Shavshukov, Viacheslav M., and Natalia A. Zhuravleva. "Global Economy: New Risks and Leadership Problems." International Journal of Financial Studies 8, no. 1 (2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8010007.

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After the global crisis of 2008–2009, the world economy entered the era of restructuring. This article focuses on the risks that a new leader will face in the process of shaping the world economy. The methods employed in the research include big data processing of continuous change and the results of the symmetric macroeconomic analysis based on the statistics collected by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), The Word Bank (WB), Bank for International Settlements (BIS), Central banks and Treasuries. The study results proved that the recessionary processes, their depth and global nature, are

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Liu, Jiaqi. "Balancing Quality and Equity in Education: Finnish Education Experience and Implications." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 54, no. 1 (2024): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/54/20241665.

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In the 21st century, rapid technological development and changes in the times have made international competition increasingly fierce. The Finnish education system has been highly regarded for its excellent quality of teaching, unique education concepts, and innovative education policies. Through comparative analyses of the Finnish education system, this study finds that the key to its success lies in its unique 'all-inclusive' education system, flexible and reasonable education policies, and comprehensive financial aid system. Compared with Finland, China's education is developing continuousl

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Liu, Yi, Liaofan Chen, Fangfei Han, and Tong Zhong. "Regional Tourism Resilience under Crisis Impacts: The Cases of Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta." Journal of Geographical Research 6, no. 4 (2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v6i4.5942.

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Since the beginning of the 21st century, various crisis events have occurred frequently, inflicting substantial impacts on the tourism sector, which has garnered considerable scholarly and policy attention. Nevertheless, limited research has systematically explored tourism resilience at the urban scale, and there is a paucity of studies comparing regional differences in tourism resilience under distinct crisis scenarios and their underlying causes. Thus, this study focuses on the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, employing Martin’s regional economic resilience measurement method.

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Suominen, Kati. "Insuring Against Instability: United States and the Future of the International Monetary Fund." Global Economy Journal 10, no. 3 (2010): 1850206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1650.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF), only a few years ago fading into obscurity in the thriving world economy, made a comeback during the 2008-2009 crisis. The G-20 re-tasked the Fund and tripled its lending capacity. Notwithstanding its new windfall and duties, the Fund’s legitimacy and effectiveness are in doubt. The main challenges center on disagreements between the Western European nations and emerging markets over the Fund’s governance and focus, a specter of disintegration of the global crisis management architecture by way of bilateral and regional financial arrangements (particularl

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Piskorska, Beata. "Is the European Union still an attractive international actor? Challenges for the global role of the EU." Przegląd europejski 3 (November 19, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5840.

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The purpose of the article is to try to outline whether the EU is still an attractive actor in international relations, which is conceptualised as a specific soft, normative and the same transformative power and the centre of attraction for states located outside this organisation. The credibility of the European Union on international arena was undermined by global changes taking place in the 21st century, including emergence of new non-European powers, and particularly a series of crises (financial, migration, identity) that have affected the EU recently. In the article the following analysi

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Othman, Nor Hafiza, Nurul Faizah Halim, and Nur A’mirah Mohd Yaziz. "DETERMINANTS OF FRANCHISEE SURVIVAL: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN MALAYSIA." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 7, no. 23 (2025): 55–66. https://doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.723005.

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The franchise business model has become one of the most successful business models of the 21st century. However, franchisees often face significant challenges in navigating economic downturns and maintaining profitability. This study aims to identify the key factors that influence business survival in Malaysia. It involved 165 franchise business owners, using purposive sampling to collect data through a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS version 26. The findings indicate that financial resources, value proposition, and government support positi

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Akimova, V. V., and F. M. Chernetskii. "Transformation of the territorial structure of manufacturing in the Republic of Korea in the 21st century." Lomonosov Geography Journal 79, no. 5, 2024 (2024): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9414.5.79.5.8.

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The Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 was a powerful economic shock for the Republic of Korea, which provoked significant changes in the territorial structure of the country’s manufacturing industry, to be dealt with in the article. After-crisis transformation of the territorial structure is characterized by five main processes. Two of them, at first glance mutually exclusive, i.e. decentralization and concentration, not only affect the entire structure, but also determine the general vector of its transformation in the period under review. Decentralization is observed in most branches of th

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Ślasko, Karol, and Joanna Stawska. "Changes in the Key Economic Indicators in Japan, Poland, the United States and the Euro Area in the 21st Century." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 4, no. 40 (2023): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.4.40.08.

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The aim of the article is to identify the changes of selected economic variables in Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro area and to evaluate the impact of these variables on these economies in 2000–2022. The hypothesis posed in the article: The economies of Japan, Poland, the USA and the euro zone have overcome the economic shocks that occurred in the first two decades of the 21st century. Methodology: The study included a review of the literature on the subject, the presentation and analysis of statistical data, including its graphical presentation. Six economic indicators were selected for a

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Long, Joshua. "Crisis Capitalism and Climate Finance: The Framing, Monetizing, and Orchestration of Resilience-Amidst-Crisis." Politics and Governance 9, no. 2 (2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.3739.

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Throughout the development sector there has been a pronounced call for new funding mechanisms to address the climate crisis, and much of this is focused on attracting private sources of capital to fund ‘bankable’ projects in climate-vulnerable cities throughout the world. Enacted amidst a 21st century landscape of interlocking financial, epidemiological, and ecological crises, this call features an urgent narrative of ‘resilience-amidst-crisis’ that promotes large-scale, profitable investments as a form of green growth through debt-financing. The political orchestration and administration of n

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ISAYEVA, Ainur, Zhanar MEDEUBAYEVA, Saule ALIEVA, and Asemgul GUSMANOVA. "POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM: STATE, OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS." PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND CIVIL SERVICE, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-631.

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In the 21st century, terrorism has become a global problem and one of the main factor in world politics at all levels. Cyclical economic and financial crises have a detrimental effect on the state of the social sphere in all countries without exception, thereby creating fertile ground for radical sentiments and terrorist intentions. The growth of geopolitical tension in the world over the past decades has also contributed to the expansion of the activity of terrorist groups around the globe. This article through SWOT analysis attempts to study the state of the EU's fight against terrorism. The

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Valida, Sesadze, Kevkhishvili Maia, and Chikadze3 Gela. "The Use of Synergetic Methods and the Catastrophe Theory." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 04, no. 10 (2021): 2658–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5549755.

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The state of the global ecosystem is currently approaching a critical point, which affects the socio-economic condition of the society. At the present time, the subject of study of economics and financial sciences should be the study of a world characterized by non-stationary changes; socio-economic and ecological crises, which in themselves are related to the multidimensionality and non-linearity of socio-economic systems. The article builds various models using the theory of catastrophe in the process of global socio-economic development, The Ways of solving them are set, the raised models a

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Makarenko, Kirill. "Vectors of Transformation of Civil Activity of Russian Youth in the First Third of the 21st Century." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija 29, no. 5 (2024): 187–98. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.5.16.

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Introduction. The adaptation mechanism of the state as a political institution determines the vectors of transformation of social interactions in the event of significant external and internal crises. Overcoming the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the conduct of a special military operation by Russia in Ukraine leads to the formation of a new system of relations between the government and society, when the growth of trust in political institutions leads to the “shift” of local problems to the federal national level. Methods and materials. The methodological basis of the study is the

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Adedeji, Amos. "An Examination of Contemporary Conflict Management Approach in the 21st Century Nigeria." Inverge Journal of Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (2024): 32–44. https://doi.org/10.63544/ijss.v3i4.98.

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Conflict is inseparable part of human being, and an attempt to ignore it will lead to tragedy. The history of conflict in Nigeria and its resolution dated with the birth of the country. The study did a critical analysis of modern conflict management approaches in the contemporary Nigeria. The study is historical in nature relying mainly on secondary source of data collection. The work found that conflict in Nigeria is caused by multiplicity of factors such as colonial legacy, ethnic identity, religious affiliation, land and ecology factor, worsening economic conditions, and discrimination and

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