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1
Brown, Judith C. "Prosperity or Hard Times in Renaissance Italy?" Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 4 (1989): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862281.
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Thirty-five years ago Robert Lopez, by his own description, “narrowly escaped lynching” at the hands of non-economic historians for proposing that economic depression was a fundamental cause of the cultural outpouring of the Renaissance (Lopez, 1953). Several years later, Lopez took heart that, despite “their occasional retard,” cultural historians were coming round to his view (Lopez and Miskimin, 408-09). Today, the situation is nearly reversed. A growing number of economic historians no longer subscribe to the depression thesis while most non-economic historians do. I will not speculate about whose “retardation” is to blame, but would like to take stock of some issues raised by the depression debate—a debate that transcends economic issues and raises important questions about definitions, periodization, and the cultural implications of economic conditions.
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Bragato, P. L. "Past Economic Conditions Affect the Reconstruction of the Seismic History of Italy." Seismological Research Letters 89, no. 6 (2018): 2404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220180129.
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Loveless, Matthew, and Chiara Binelli. "Economic Expectations and Satisfaction with Democracy: Evidence from Italy." Government and Opposition 55, no. 3 (2018): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.31.
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AbstractIn this article, we argue that individuals’ expectations about their future economic prospects are a crucial missing determinant of their degree of satisfaction with democracy. To investigate this link, we collected an original, nationally representative data set on young skilled unemployed Italians using the innovative quantitative expectations data methodology (Manski 2004). Controlling for current local labour market conditions with administrative province-level data and for a rich array of individual-level determinants, we show that those expecting greater job insecurity and instability have lower current satisfaction levels with democracy. By better conceptualizing and operationalizing individuals’ expectations, we advance the theoretical framework on satisfaction with democracy and show that expectations are an important and often overlooked determinant of the current level of satisfaction with democratic institutions.
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Della Posta, Pompeo, Enrico Marelli, and Marcello Signorelli. "COVID-19, Economic Policies and Public Debt Sustainability in Italy." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (2022): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084691.
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We analyze the conditions for public debt-to-GDP ratio stability extending the Domar’s approach by including the interaction between the government’s reaction function and the private sector’s reaction function, and considering the impact of 2020–2021 pandemic shock and the monetary and fiscal policy responses, with simulations applied to the Italian case. The outcomes of the numerical simulations show the crucial importance of ECB extraordinary monetary policies, of the NGEU and, to lesser extent, of national expansionary fiscal policies adopted during pandemic shock; both European wide monetary and fiscal policies actually increase the sustainability area avoiding the high risk of sovereign debt crisis in Italy (and other peripheral Eurozone countries). The stabilizing effect of GDP growth, hopefully resulting from the NGEU policy, is also simulated in the paper.
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Berto, Patrizia, and Mario Eandi. "Pharmacologic and economic differentiation of drugs for RA in Italy." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 3 (2012): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.20133153-178.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative illness, which affects about 0.5% of the adult population with significant social costs. In Italy there are approximately 300,000 people with RA, with twice as many women than men. RA causes progressive deformity and disability and is associated with numerous co-morbid conditions that reduce the life expectancy of 5-10 years. The costs of RA have a serious impact on the entire community, especially in terms of disability, hospitalization and medical care. In Italy has been estimated that cost of illness could reach about 1,600 million euros, of which over two thirds are represented by indirect costs. The treatment of RA is evolving and the introduction of biological drugs has resulted in a significant progress in terms of therapeutic possibilities. Etanercept, the only soluble receptor of TNF-alfa currently approved appears to be cost-effective and it is recommended by major guidelines for the treatment of RA. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.201
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Berto, Patrizia, and Mario Eandi. "Pharmacologic and economic differentiation of drugs for RA in Italy." Reviews in Health Care 3, no. 3 (2012): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.201.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive and degenerative illness, which affects about 0.5% of the adult population with significant social costs. In Italy there are approximately 300,000 people with RA, with twice as many women than men. RA causes progressive deformity and disability and is associated with numerous co-morbid conditions that reduce the life expectancy of 5-10 years. The costs of RA have a serious impact on the entire community, especially in terms of disability, hospitalization and medical care. In Italy has been estimated that cost of illness could reach about 1,600 million euros, of which over two thirds are represented by indirect costs. The treatment of RA is evolving and the introduction of biological drugs has resulted in a significant progress in terms of therapeutic possibilities. Etanercept, the only soluble receptor of TNF-alfa currently approved appears to be cost-effective and it is recommended by major guidelines for the treatment of RA. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/rhc.v3i3.201
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Pinto, Luca. "Like Leaves in the Wind? Economic Conditions and Government Survival in Italy (1946–2015)." South European Society and Politics 23, no. 3 (2017): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2017.1398626.
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Raynkhardt, R. O. "“Italy System” as a Case of Innovative Economic Diplomacy." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-165-173.
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The article deals with the description and analysis of functioning of the Italian national system of economic diplomacy.The author provides an insight into the historical and economic background and conditions of its development from the earliest stages to present time focusing on the latest events (from 2010 onwards).He casts light upon the procedures and mechanisms of interaction between the key national economic-diplomatic agents i.e. ministry of foreign affairs, ministry of economic development, export-promotion agency ITA, investment-attraction agency Invitalia, other authorized bodies (in particular, the Coordination Council on the Internationalization of the Italian Economy - CRII), public and private institutes. The article outlines the main principles of the new system of foreign economic policy "Sistema Paese" which is being implemented since 2011. This concept is based upon efficient cooperation ("team play") between the chief institutes of economic diplomacy with a system approach to elaboration and realizing measures aimed at the internationalization of the Italian business. Innovative elements of "Sistema Paese" do not just imply another reorganization of the MFA, but a completely new approach to issues concerning the position of Italy on the world arena. The author looks into concrete mechanisms of economic diplomacy which basically include measures of national export promotion and assistance to Italian companies in the course of new markets penetration, as well as measures on attraction of foreign direct investment inter alia from developing countries. He mentions that subnational regions of Italy, especially Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto and Sicily, tend to be more and more involved into processes of FDI attraction. Another important trend and particular feature of Italy's modern economic diplomacy is the practice of decentralization of financial management within the MFA system through providing the heads of diplomatic representations with specific competences in this area. Finally, a special emphasis is put on the tight link between instruments of "soft power" and economic diplomacy and their institutional usage, which has deep historical roots.
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Peruginelli, Ginevra. "Legal Information on the Web: the Case of Italy." International Journal of Legal Information 34, no. 2 (2006): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500001505.
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Accessing legal information is a primary requirement for a variety of communities: ordinary citizens, scholars, and professionals. The dissemination of legal information contributes to the rule of law and to the overall ideals of democracy in a number of ways. Many are the benefits of accessing legal information, such as the awareness of the applicable rule of law, the creation of conditions necessary to the equality and fairness of a legal system, while improving the functioning of democratic institutions, the development and improvement of social and economic conditions.
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Cascaldi-Garcia, Danilo, Thiago R. T. Ferreira, Domenico Giannone, and Michele Modugno. "Back to the Present: Learning about the Euro Area through a Now-casting Model." International Finance Discussion Paper 2021, no. 1312 (2021): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2021.1313.
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We build a model for simultaneously now-casting economic conditions in the euro area and its three largest member countries|Germany, France, and Italy. The model formalizes how market participants and policymakers monitor the euro area by incorporating all market moving indicators in real time. We find that area wide and country-specific data provide informative signals to now-cast the economic conditions in the euro area and member countries. The model provides accurate predictions of economic conditions in real time over a period that covers the past three recessions.
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Mascitelli, Bruno, and Julie Gerstman. "Italy’s Readiness for the 1998 Euro in View of the Country’s Declining Competitiveness." European Review 16, no. 1 (2008): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798708000033.
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In the 2006 Italian election campaign, then Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi popularised a widely held view about the negative role of the euro for the Italian economy. This view had initially originated with the secessionist Northern Leagues. More recently, it had come to reflect the view of more moderate political players too. In the campaign Berlusconi ridiculed his contender, and the ultimate victor of the elections, Romano Prodi, for having accepted the ‘unfair Lira pegging’ to the euro in 1998. These claims reflect an ongoing debate about whether the adoption of the euro caused or even significantly contributed to Italy’s loss of economic competitiveness. We will trace the Italian trajectory and its economic preparedness for proposed entry into the EMU. We will weigh whether the terms and conditions of entry predisposed Italy to an inferior economic performance from the outset. We will assess the relative merits of the two interpretations of the role of the euro for Italy since its endorsement of the Maastricht Criteria, agreed to in December 1991. We will also look at the role played by the economic adjustments involved, followed soon after by Italy’s financial crisis in 1992. These latter events ultimately forced Italy to temporarily leave the European Monetary System (EMS). The country re-entered the EMS in 1998. We conclude that Italy’s weaknesses became more obvious with the adherence to conditions required for euro entry, but that its deep-seated political and economic problems were entrenched.
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Shin, Michael E. "Socio-Geographic Dimensions of Recovery from the 2002 Molise, Italy, Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 20, no. 1_suppl (2004): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1767522.
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Several factors influence the abilities of communities to cope with, respond to, and recover from earthquakes. Beyond the uncontrollable geophysical factors (e.g., the magnitude and type of earthquake) are the complex array of historic, social, economic, political, and cultural forces that affect loss reduction, response, and recovery. This paper uses a geographic perspective to situate the communities most affected by the 2002 Molise, Italy, event. This area of Italy is characterized by economic underdevelopment, an aging population, and out-migration. The earthquake effects may exacerbate these preexisting conditions. In order to obtain reliable and accurate insights into the recovery process, better socio-economic data and information must be gathered following seismic events. Such data are essential to understanding the process and dimensions of recovery in Molise and in other locations.
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Kazepov, Yuri, and Costanzo Ranci. "Is every country fit for social investment? Italy as an adverse case." Journal of European Social Policy 27, no. 1 (2016): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928716673314.
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The scientific debate on social investment (SI) is moving from an ideological and normative approach towards a more realistic one. Scholars are paying closer attention to the actual developments in social policy and to the contextual conditions and impacts of SI policies. Considering this, two main issues arise. First, that SI policies are politically feasible and likely to have positive impacts only if specific contextual conditions are met. Second, SI policies were supposed to have a positive impact on both inequalities and economic growth: a strong theoretical assumption that needs to be carefully tested. The Italian case will be used here to illustrate this new perspective and the consequences of the lack of contextual pre-conditions. For this reason, the article is divided into three parts. The first part will present our theoretical argument in the context of the most recent analytical accounts of SI policy in Europe. In particular we will argue that, given the lack of crucial structural pre-conditions, SI policies may have ambiguous and even unexpected negative impacts on both economic growth and equal opportunities. In the second and third parts, we will present empirical evidence of this ambiguity considering childcare and apprenticeship reforms in Italy. More specifically, based on empirical research carried out in Italy, we want to answer two questions: (1) Why is the Italian welfare state so ‘unfriendly’ to SI policies? What are the main factors explaining the limited room for SI policies? (2) When an SI approach is promoted in specific policy areas in Italy, what is its social and economic impact? Do these interventions achieve the positive results to be expected according to the SI approach? Finally, the last part synthesises the main arguments and aims to open a critical discussion on the structural pre-conditions of SI policies and the need for further analysis of the political economy contexts in which SI policy develops.
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BRANCATO, Giovanni, Gabriella D'AMBROSIO, and Marco PALMIERI. "Economic Status and Elections: The Voting Behaviour and Economic Hardship in Rome." Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, no. 78 (September 15, 2022): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/rcis.78.10.
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Empirical research shows the existence of a relationship between the electoral behaviour of citizens and their economic condition. The economic voting theory explains that in periods of economic growth citizens-voters reward the government considered the author of their well-being; on the contrary, in times of crisis, the population punishes it. The peculiarity of these studies, based on the analysis of secondary data designed for other primary purposes, is to have national territorial dimension, where the percentage of votes collected by government/opposition parties in political national elections is associated to the country’s macro-economic indicators (for example, GDP or unemployment rate). Nevertheless, up to now, only few scholars have analysed this relationship at local level, due to the lack of local statistical data on citizens’ economic conditions. This study tries to fill this gap. It is conducted in the city of Rome, to understand whether the electoral behaviour of Roman citizens changes in function of their economic hardship, in each of the 15 Municipalities of the capital city of Italy. To this end, two different data sources are integrated: Electoral Statistical Office of Rome and Italian Revenue Agency. The results offer empirical evidence to strengthen the local relation between electoral behaviour and economic conditions.
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Addabbo, Tindara, Rosa María García-Fernández, Carmen María Llorca-Rodríguez, and Anna Maccagnan. "A microsimulation model to measure the impact of the economic crisis on household income." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 3 (2016): 474–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-06-2014-0125.
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Purpose – The current economic crisis has significantly increased unemployment, showing higher persistence than expected. However, since microdata from household surveys are issued with delay, they do not allow a prompt analysis of the impact of the economic cycle on households’ living conditions. The purpose of this paper is to propose a microsimulation methodology to achieve an evaluation of the impact of economic shocks in terms of household’s living conditions to guide policy makers. Design/methodology/approach – The microsimulation technique developed in this paper is based on a nowcasting approach by using different sources of data and by taking into account a whole set of potential transitions across the different statuses of the labour market and the related changes in income. To validate this microsimulation method, the authors apply it to Italy, a country that has been deeply affected by the crisis. Findings – Data have been drawn from the European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey for Italy (IT SILC) and from the Labour Force Survey for Italy. The latter data allow us to take into account the changes in the labour market status of individuals due to economic shocks. The validation results support the capability of the model to simulate the effect of the cycle before actual data on income are available. Social implications – The results obtained would encourage the use of the suggested methodology to anticipate the effect of the economic cycle on household’s income therefore enabling the design of effective policies to sustain household income with positive practical and social implications. Originality/value – Distinct from other microsimulation techniques the methodology proposed in this paper allows us to take into account behavioural effects and the change in the composition of employment and unemployment. Moreover, the authors contribute to the existing literature by considering a whole set of transitions across different labour market statuses and the related changes in income.
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Murgante, Beniamino, Giuseppe Borruso, Ginevra Balletto, Paolo Castiglia, and Marco Dettori. "Why Italy First? Health, Geographical and Planning Aspects of the COVID-19 Outbreak." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125064.
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COVID-19 hit Italy in February 2020 after its outbreak in China at the beginning of January. Why was Italy first among the Western countries? What are the conditions that made Italy more vulnerable and the first target of this disease? What characteristics and diffusion patterns could be highlighted and hypothesized from its outbreak to the end of March 2020, after containment measures, including a national lockdown, were introduced? In this paper, we try to provide some answers to these questions, analyzing the issue from medical, geographical and planning points of view. With reference to the Italian case, we observed the phenomenon in terms of the spatial diffusion process and by observing the relation between the epidemic and various environmental elements. In particular, we started from a hypothesis of the comparable economic, geographical, climatic and environmental conditions of the areas of Wuhan (in the Hubei Province in China, where the epidemic broke out) and the Po Valley area (in Italy) where most cases and deaths were registered. Via an ecological approach, we compared the spatial distribution and pattern of COVID-19-related mortality in Italy with several geographical, environmental and socio-economic variables at a Provincial level, analyzing them by means of spatial analytical techniques such as LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association). Possible evidence arose relating to COVID-19 cases and Nitrogen-related pollutants and land take, particularly in the Po Valley area.
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Katkova, S. "THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE NATIONAL PUBLIC RELATIONS INDUSTRY IN ITALY." East European Scientific Journal 5, no. 4(68) (2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.5.68.32.
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The article notes the main characteristics for different schools of PR (such as schools of the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany), but it is devoted to a retrospective analysis of the institutionalization of the professional public relations industry in Italy in the 1950s-1980s. The formation and development of the professional PR-community is considered through the prism of socio-economic and political conditions in the country.
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Moreno-Gené, Jordi, Laura Sánchez-Pulido, Eduard Cristobal-Fransi, and Natalia Daries. "The Economic Sustainability of Snow Tourism: The Case of Ski Resorts in Austria, France, and Italy." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (2018): 3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093012.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse whether ski resorts in Europe are economically viable. Data originates from the financial statements of the 61 largest ski lift operators in Austria, France, and Italy. Descriptive statistics reveal that these operators are characterized by positive and relatively high returns, and by having little debt in general terms. The results show that the most economically profitable ski operators are also the largest. The elevation of the ski area is not relevant. Ski lift operators in Austria have a higher profitability than those in France and Italy. Overall, larger ski resorts are better prepared for the future investment needed to adapt to the new conditions in the industry, such as climate variability.
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Ferrara, Pietro. "Assessing the Economic Burden of Disease in Migrants: The Diabetes Case in Northern Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (2020): 2250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072250.
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By considering the prevalence of diabetes in migrants living in northern Italy, this editorial aims to highlight the need for the measurement of the economic burden of disease in migrant and refugee populations. This type of assessment is potentially useful to address the emerging challenges of the migrant health burden, by enhancing the ability of health systems and policies to respond to migrants’ health needs—in terms of health care and promotion—leading to significant better conditions for future multicultural environments.
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Riel-Salvatore, Julien, and C. Michael Barton. "Late Pleistocene Technology, Economic Behavior, and Land-Use Dynamics in Southern Italy." American Antiquity 69, no. 2 (2004): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128419.
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This paper proposes a new methodology to study prehistoric lithic assemblages in an attempt to derive from that facet of prehistoric behavior the greater technoeconomic system in which it was embedded. By using volumetric artifact density and the frequency of retouched pieces within a given lithic assemblage, it becomes possible to identify whether these stone tools were created by residentially mobile or logistically organized foragers. The linking factor between assemblage composition and land-use strategy is that of curation within lithic assemblages as an expression of economizing behavior. This method is used to study eight sites from southeastern Italy to detect changes in adaptation during the Late Pleistocene. We compare and contrast Mousterian, Uluzzian, proto-Aurignacian and Epigravettian assemblages, and argue that the first three industries overlap considerably in terms of their technoeconomic flexibility. Epigravettian assemblages, on the other hand, display a different kind of land-use exploitation pattern than those seen in the earlier assemblages, perhaps as a response to deteriorating climatic conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum. While we discuss the implications of these patterns in the context of modern human origins, we argue that the methodology can help identify land-use patterns in other locales and periods.
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Ginsborg, Paul. "Die italienische Krise." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 25, no. 98 (1995): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v25i98.967.
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The article discusses the economic, political and cultural factors which led to the transformation among the parties and in the Italian democracy. The sudden outbreak of the crisis in 1992 is described as a conjunction of external and internal crisis factors. International adjustment constraints, economical missmanagement, the inefficiency of the central govemments, social and political movements in Northern and Southern Italy, as well as the resolute action of judges and public prosecutors against the corrupt political elite, finally made the historical break with the traditional conditions in Italian politics possible. But only in Southem Italy the political caesura was accompanied by social transformations. Finally, this continuity of social conditions explains the rise of Berlusconi.
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Longo, Maria Annunziata, and Paolo Tenuta. "Environmental, economic and socio-institutional context of the sustainability index: Evidence from Italy." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 1, Special Issue (2020): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1siart10.
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The aim of this study is to define a methodology for assessing sustainability at different levels of detail. For the definition of the conditions of sustainability, the approach known as the triple bottom line was used. The study developed concerns the identification of a set of environmental, economic, and socio-institutional indicators and the elaboration of the same in a synthetic analysis index, organized in a hierarchical structure. An index for measuring irrigation sustainability has been built. This index, called the Sustainable Irrigation Index (SII), allows monitoring and assessment of the sustainability of irrigation activities and policies, at various territorial analysis scales, varying from the regional to the agricultural company. We proceeded with the creation of a multi-criteria spatial decision support system (GIS-based). The implementation of the index took place using the GIS IDRISI software. Finally, the index was applied to the concrete case of a Province of the Calabria region
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Borsoi, Ludovica, Patrizio Armeni, Gleb Donin, Francesco Costa, and Luigi Ferini-Strambi. "The invisible costs of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): Systematic review and cost-of-illness analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268677.
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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for several diseases and is correlated with other non-medical consequences that increase the disease’s clinical and economic burden. However, OSA’s impact is highly underestimated, also due to substantial diagnosis gaps. Objective This study aims at assessing the economic burden of OSA in the adult population in Italy by performing a cost-of-illness analysis with a societal perspective. In particular, we aimed at estimating the magnitude of the burden caused by conditions for which OSA is a proven risk factor. Methods A systematic literature review on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, integrated by expert opinion, was performed to identify all clinical and non-clinical conditions significantly influenced by OSA. Using the Population Attributable Fraction methodology, a portion of their prevalence and costs was attributed to OSA. The total economic burden of OSA for the society was estimated by summing the costs of each condition influenced by the disease, the costs due to OSA’s diagnosis and treatment and the economic value of quality of life lost due to OSA’s undertreatment. Results Twenty-six clinical (e.g., diabetes) and non-clinical (e.g., car accidents) conditions were found to be significantly influenced by OSA, contributing to an economic burden ranging from €10.7 to €32.0 billion/year in Italy. The cost of impaired quality of life due to OSA undertreatment is between €2.8 and €9.0 billion/year. These costs are substantially higher than those currently borne to diagnose and treat OSA (€234 million/year). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the economic burden due to OSA is substantial, also due to low diagnosis and treatment rates. Providing reliable estimates of the economic impact of OSA at a societal level may increase awareness of the disease burden and help to guide evidence-based policies and prioritisation for healthcare, ultimately ensuring appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for patients.
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Semyonov, Leda, Gianluca Iarocci, Antonio Boccia, and Giuseppe La Torre. "Socioeconomic Differences in Tobacco Smoking in Italy: Is There an Interaction between Variables?" Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/286472.
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Objectives. To assess the influence of sociodemographic factors on smoking habits in Italy and if an interaction exists between these variables.Methods. Data from the national survey “Health Conditions and Healthcare Services Use” in 2005 were used. The independent association between tobacco smoking and sociodemographical variables was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Interactions between variables were investigated calculating the synergism index (SI).Results. Sample population consists of 109.829 subjects (over 15 years). 21.9% are current and 21.8% are former smokers. Current smokers are mostly 45–54-years old males, from Central Italy, unemployed, divorced or separated but having a good health status without chronic medical conditions. Ever smokers are mostly 45–54 years old males, from Northeast Italy, unemployed, with chronic conditions. People with a university degree and with a good household income have the lowest OR for both conditions. A synergistic effect was found between marital status and educational level (for ever smokers SI = 1.96; for current smokers SI = 1.67).Conclusions. Smoking is prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups and there is the strong need to increase social, economic and cultural capital in order to reduce it.
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Savio, Andrea, Giovanni Ferrari, Francesco Marinello, Andrea Pezzuolo, Maria Cristina Lavagnolo, and Mariangela Guidolin. "Developments in Bioelectricity and Perspectives in Italy: An Analysis of Regional Production Patterns." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215030.
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Bioenergy is being increasingly used worldwide to generate energy from biogas, biomethane, and other biofuels, bringing significant environmental and economic benefits. In Italy, biogas can significantly contribute to the achievement of the renewable energy targets set at the national and European levels. The exploitation of this energy source in a particular area is determined by its environmental and anthropic properties, as well as by the incentive system and the political will of decision makers. This paper analyzes the socioeconomic drivers and natural conditions triggering bioelectricity production in Italian regions. The analysis proposed here was performed in two steps—first, by identifying groups of similar regions for some natural, social, and economic variables, and then by modeling the historical trajectory of bioelectricity production for each identified group with innovation diffusion models. As a general finding, regions pertaining to the same group in terms of natural and socioeconomic conditions revealed a similar production pattern for bioelectricity, as confirmed by the results of diffusion modeling. On the basis of the diffusion modeling procedure, some scenario simulations were performed, which suggested the set-up of suitable policy actions for each group of regions.
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KENZHALINA, Gulsum, Aliya KUSSAINOVA, Duman AITMAGAMBETOV, and Moldir BOLYSBEKOVA. "The role of cultural diplomacy in relations between Kazakhstan and Italy." Public Administration and Civil Service, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2020-74-3-57-66.
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At the present stage, cultural diplomacy plays an important role in relations between countries. The implementation of cultural diplomacy contributes not only to the promotion of the country's interests abroad in the field of cultural policy, but also can create favorable conditions for the effective achievement of the country's foreign policy goals in other areas (for example, economic). The article deals with the bilateral cultural diplomacy of Kazakhstan and Italy. Cultural contacts between the two countries, starting from the early Middle Ages, are consistently examined and analyzed, on the basis of which a conclusion is drawn about the effectiveness of certain aspects of foreign cultural policy in creating bilateral relations. An attempt was also made to answer the question of how cultural methods can contribute to the harmonization of relations between Kazakhstan and Italy at the present stage, and whether they can significantly affect the current state of their political and economic cooperation.
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Gerli, Matteo, Marco Mazzoni, and Roberto Mincigrucci. "Constraints and limitations of investigative journalism in Hungary, Italy, Latvia and Romania." European Journal of Communication 33, no. 1 (2018): 22–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267323117750672.
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The article provides evidences about mechanisms and practices that undermine the effectiveness of investigative journalism through the analysis of selected case studies of corruptive phenomena in Italy, Hungary, Romania and Latvia. In particular, the article shows that the idea of watchdog journalism does not work actually in the observed countries. Indeed, investigative journalism requires certain socio-economic conditions, such as a low degree of influence of the political and economic spheres and a high level of journalistic professionalism, which are not (always) present in the aforementioned countries. More specifically, the article focuses on three aspects that may distort investigative journalists’ work: a certain proximity (sometimes overlapping) of publishers (often rich oligarchs or prominent businessmen) and politicians, the ‘blackmail’ exercised through advertising investments and the interferences of secret services, which may dissuade newsrooms from performing their role as the watchdog.
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Bezze, Maria, Cinzia Canali, Devis Geron, and Tiziano Vecchiato. "Cash transfer and professional care for tackling child poverty and neglect in Italy." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (2020): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.50.
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AbstractThere has been a general increase in poverty over the last decade in Italy, which has mainly affected the younger generations, with children and youth experiencing the worst economic conditions. This is primarily not due to a lack of available economic resources but to the way in which these resources are allocated: mainly in the form of cash transfers rather than services. The provision of adequate services based on professional work needs to be implemented by overcoming two main obstacles which are highlighted by the results of two studies presented here. The first study concerns the quality of professional care and the systematic use of outcome evaluation, the second concerns the vision of professionals and their ability to integrate the provision of services with economic support aimed at improving children’s growth and parenting skills. The two studies were carried out as part of an international debate on how to effectively fight poverty and social exclusion of children which was promoted by the International Association for Outcome-based Evaluation and Research on Family and Children’s Services (iaOBERfcs).
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Guizzi, Vincenzo. "Italy's Elections and Crisis: 14–15 June." Government and Opposition 22, no. 4 (1987): 418–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1988.tb00065.x.
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ITALIAN NATIONAL ELECTIONS WERE HELD ON 14-15 JUNE 1987. They were unexpected as was the resignation of the Prime Minister. It is not easy to explain why Bettino Craxi had to resign as Prime Minister of Italy in March 1987. This is why it will be helpful to review the achievements, crises and unrealised goals of the final years of his government.Craxi's electoral platform in June 1983 was essentially one of institutional reform and economic recovery. He believed that only in this way would it be possible to create the conditions for the ‘governability’ of Italy and overcome the chronic political instability.
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Schoolman, Edward M., Scott Mensing, and Gianluca Piovesan. "Land Use and the Human Impact on the Environment in Medieval Italy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, no. 3 (2018): 419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01303.
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Modern narratives about changes in the Italian landscape during the early Middle Ages have often been based on assumptions about changing demography; the loss and replacement of complex Roman economic, political and agricultural systems; and broader changes in climate. Using fossil pollen taken from lake cores in the Rieti basin to reconstruct local ecological conditions, close examinations of two discreet periods offer new insights into the changes from small-scale agriculture to silvo-pastoralism that began during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. The deforestation of the ninth century, accompanied by an increase in cultivation, was the result of a long-term accumulation of territory under monastic control. The fact that these changes in the landscape run counter to the prevailing climatic conditions underscores the success of human management of the environment.
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Fiorillo, Damiano. "Workers’ health and social relations in Italy." Journal of Economic Studies 43, no. 5 (2016): 835–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2014-0193.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether social relations are associated with the health of workers. It uses two types of health status measures – self-reported and more objective health – and it considers two types of social relationships: individual social relations, measured through the frequency of meetings with friends; and contextual social relations, the average frequency with which people meet friends at the community level. Design/methodology/approach A probit model is estimated from the worker sample accounting for the possibility of selecting individuals in the labour market (selection equation). Then expanded probit models (including inverse Mills ratio) are used on both self-reported and more objective health measures using new data from an income and living conditions survey carried out in 2006 by the Italian Statistics Office. Robustness checks are employed to deal with possible problems when interpreting the results. Findings The study finds that social relations are correlated with health status of workers with differences among health outcomes. Social relations at the individual level are positively correlated with self-perceived health (SPH), negatively associated with chronic condition (CC) but not related to limitations in daily activities. Contextual social relations are negatively linked with CC and limitations in daily activities but not correlated with SPH. Research limitations/implications Although the results are consistent with the argument that individual and contextual social relations influence workers’ health, the author cannot prove causality. Social implications Improving the health of workers could reduce health inequalities and could increase work performance. The implication at a macro-economic level of an improvement in the health conditions of workers is relevant in Italy, where the level of labour productivity is low compared to the other developed countries (OECD, 2013). Policy makers should consider the benefits, both at social and economic level, of public policies designed to improve the social and physical infrastructure of social relations. Originality/value This paper is the first to relate individual and contextual social relations simultaneously to workers’ health. Moreover, it makes several other contributions to this area: it control for unobserved worker heterogeneity; it uses both subjective self-reported health as well as a more objective measure of health based on CC and limitations in activities of daily living; it adopts a multilevel approach to examine in the same framework the individual and contextual relationship of social relations with individual health status of workers, in so doing, filling a gap in the literature on social capital and public health.
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Prati, Gabriele, and Luca Pietrantoni. "Marriage following the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) earthquake." Disaster Prevention and Management 23, no. 1 (2014): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2013-0155.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to replicate Cohan and Cole (2002) Hurricane Hugo study in the context of a different type of natural hazard and in a different country. Design/methodology/approach – Change in marriage following the 1997 Umbria-Marche (Italy) earthquake was examined prospectively from 1987 to 2007 for the 15 municipalities declared disaster areas and for the whole Marche region and country. Findings – Autoregressive integrated moving average time-series analysis showed that the year following the earthquake marriage rates decreased only in the 15 municipalities declared disaster areas. Originality/value – In the present study, the paper found results in the opposite direction to Cohan and Cole (2002) Hurricane Hugo study. Taken together, the findings suggest that the direction of the change may be in either direction and depends on the characteristics of the disaster, of the response to it, and on social and economic conditions of the context.
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Kravchenko, Olha, Anatolii Kucher, Maria Hełdak, Lesia Kucher, and Joanna Wysmułek. "Socio-Economic Transformations in Ukraine towards the Sustainable Development of Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135441.
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The social and economic conditions of all market participants are incentives and constraining factors influencing the levels of food, social, economic and ecologic security. The purpose of the article lies in the presentation of the author’s concept of the social and economic conditions where the transformation of economic relations between agrofood market participants is happening—in particular, the livestock products market of Ukraine—and the assessment of the state of food security of the country, as well as a comparison, by the same criteria, of the conditions of agrofood market participants in Ukraine and in four European countries: Germany, France, Italy, and Poland. This research was based on the application of empirical knowledge methods: observation, comparison, description, measurement, statistic methods, etc. So far, the participant functioning conditions in the agricultural market in Ukraine are unfavorable for the sustainable development of agriculture, especially the livestock industry. The debt burden of external creditors is growing, the amount of direct investments from the countries of the world decreases, and the growth of capital investment in terms of calculation per one employee is slowing down. The food security of Ukraine is unstable. The “market” itself is not capable of remedying all the negative phenomena. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the weighted power of the state.
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Brunetti, M. T., S. Peruccacci, M. Rossi, S. Luciani, D. Valigi, and F. Guzzetti. "Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 3 (2010): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-447-2010.
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Abstract. In Italy, rainfall is the primary trigger of landslides that frequently cause fatalities and large economic damage. Using a variety of information sources, we have compiled a catalogue listing 753 rainfall events that have resulted in landslides in Italy. For each event in the catalogue, the exact or approximate location of the landslide and the time or period of initiation of the slope failure is known, together with information on the rainfall duration D, and the rainfall mean intensity I, that have resulted in the slope failure. The catalogue represents the single largest collection of information on rainfall-induced landslides in Italy, and was exploited to determine the minimum rainfall conditions necessary for landslide occurrence in Italy, and in the Abruzzo Region, central Italy. For the purpose, new national rainfall thresholds for Italy and new regional rainfall thresholds for the Abruzzo Region were established, using two independent statistical methods, including a Bayesian inference method and a new Frequentist approach. The two methods proved complementary, with the Bayesian method more suited to analyze small data sets, and the Frequentist method performing better when applied to large data sets. The new regional thresholds for the Abruzzo Region are lower than the new national thresholds for Italy, and lower than the regional thresholds proposed in the literature for the Piedmont and Lombardy Regions in northern Italy, and for the Campania Region in southern Italy. This is important, because it shows that landslides in Italy can be triggered by less severe rainfall conditions than previously recognized. The Frequentist method experimented in this work allows for the definition of multiple minimum rainfall thresholds, each based on a different exceedance probability level. This makes the thresholds suited for the design of probabilistic schemes for the prediction of rainfall-induced landslides. A scheme based on four probabilistic thresholds is proposed. The four thresholds separate five fields, each characterized by different rainfall intensity-duration conditions, and corresponding different probability of possible landslide occurrence. The scheme can be implemented in landslide warning systems that operate on rainfall thresholds, and on precipitation measurements or forecasts.
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Morozova, Daria L. "Cultural Policy in the Conditions of COVID-19 Threats: Russian and Foreign Experience." Observatory of Culture 19, no. 4 (2022): 360–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-4-360-371.
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The goal of this article is to analyze emergency economic measures to support culture during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis (2020—2021). The article presents a classification of economic measures to support the industry during that period, analyzes the actions taken in Russia and four European countries (France, Great Britain, Italy and Germany). There are described the effectiveness and practical implementation of a wide range of financial mechanisms that stimulate the restoration and preservation of the industry’s sustainability, including non-refundable subsidies, credits and loans, insurance coverage for canceled and postponed cultural events, compensations for lost income due to reduced ticket sales, job retention programs. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the anti-crisis expenditures incurred by the five countries’ central governments (at the republican or federal level) to support culture in the crisis. The author pays special attention to state measures to support cultural workers, including those self-employed. In conclusion, the article presents recommendations on further directions of economic policy in the field of culture, taking into account the analysis of relevant foreign literature and the latest reports of European governments with a high level of state support for the industry.
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Maciejczak, Mariusz. "THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF APPLYING BENEFICIAL MICROORGANISMS IN VITICULTURAL PRODUCTION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE CONDITIONS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 4 (2019): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5568.
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The paper aimed to present the economic effects of applying beneficial microorganisms in viticultural production under climate change conditions. It was found that increasing climate change effects calls for a broad range of adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture, especially in viticultural production. One of them might be the innovative use of microorganisms that have the ability to interact with plants, and thus contribute to the prevention of stresses as well as respond to them, both abiotic – like drought and biotic – like pests. Based on the direct survey carried out in 2018 among experienced winegrowers from Germany, Italy and Poland, it was observed that there was a direct economic effect of the inoculation of beneficial microorganisms to the cultivation of resistant grape varieties. The majority of farmers think that such innovation in vineyards could reduce both the costs of protection and cultivation as well as increase direct benefits. Empirical evidence from the case study performed in 2018 in the Italian sustainable farm showed that such innovation, despite increasing the costs of irrigation and organic fertilization, also led to a significant reduction of artificial fertilizer and pesticide use, the costs of which predominated.
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Papakostas, Konstantinos, Ioannis Tiganitis, and Agis Papadopoulos. "Energy and economic analysis of an auditorium’s air conditioning system with heat recovery in various climatic zones." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170916026p.
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In many heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) applications, heat recovery devices are installed, aiming at reducing energy consumption. Especially in buildings requiring a high percentage of outside air for ventilation, there is a high potential for heat recovery from exhaust air. Climatic conditions are an important parameter which affects the recovered heat and the payback period of the heat recovery device. In this paper, a 250 person auditorium is used as a model to estimate the applicability of an air-to-air fixed-plate heat exchanger installed in the air handling unit of the HVAC system. The application is considered for four cities, representative of climatic zones A, B, C, D of Greece, which also represent typical Mediterranean climate conditions. Zone A, Crete and Southern Greece, is similar to Nicosia (Cyprus) and Palermo (Sicily), Zone B, with Athens, corresponds to Rome (Italy) and coastal Spain, Zone C with Thessaloniki is similar to the Toulon (France) and Split (Croatia) and Zone D, with its continental climate is more like Milan (Italy) and Lyon (France). An energy analysis with the modified bin method energy calculation was performed to calculate (a) the heating and cooling energy that can be recovered, (b) the reduction in HVAC equipment, and (c) the expected payback period. For the specific climatic conditions examined, it was proven that: heating energy consumption decreased by 31 to 40%, depending on occupancy, while electric energy consumption didn?t change notably; the payback period does not exceed 24 months, depending on climate zone and occupancy.
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Mekhonoshina, Yu A. "THE EU ECONOMY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC CRISIS. IRELAND’s CASE." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 4 (2020): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-4-462-466.
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In 2008 the world faced a powerful economic crisis, which led to significant problems in the EU. Some states, such us Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain, were on the verge of default. In such conditions the EU had to take appropriate measures to save European countries. The author reviewed the measures which concerned Ireland. At the beginning of the century Irish economy showed rapid growth. But in 2010 the default threatened “The Celtic tiger”. It was conditioned by the collapse of mortgage landing system and the rapid outflow of foreign capital. As far as Ireland participates in the euro zone the other European countries are interested in the stabilization of Ireland’s economy. All measures of saving Ireland’s economy could be divided to two groups. The first group includes the measures taken by the government of Ireland. This is state financing of bank sphere, which was done without being agreed with the EU (moreover, the European council reacted negatively), and changing of tax rate approved by the EU. The second group is represented by the measures of European institutes. It includes preferential credits and suppression of sanctions for violation of Maastricht criterion in exchange for austerity budget. In Ireland’s case such policy doesn’t seem really effective. The level of Ireland’s budget deficit is more than 3 % of GDP and its current economic growth does not permit to redeem the loans. Economic problems provide political instability, that’s why Ireland’s government cannot elaborate long-term financial policy. Though European institutes managed to find consensus between different national interests, the EU needs no less than 15 years to return to pre-depression economic level.
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Startsev, V. I. "The utilization of natural conditions in Russia and foreign countries for efficient seed production of white head cabbage." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 30, 2009): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2009-1-50-51.
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Mutually beneficial collaboration work can be only realized by joining efforts of worldwide communication in all industrial sectors. The plant breeding technologies are deeply merged into global economic program and also cover the vegetable plant production. Now Italy is indicated as a centre of cabbage seed growing. For different climatic condition it is very important to analyze the realization of seed production technology in regard to the cultivar characteristics, growing parameters as corresponded with current agricultural system in foreign countries.
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Sierp, Aline. "Minority Language Protection in Italy: Linguistic Minorities and the Media." Journal of Contemporary European Research 4, no. 4 (2008): 303–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v4i4.120.
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This article deals with the Italian case of minority language protection in the media. After providing a general introduction to the development of the protection of minority languages in Europe in general and of minority language broadcast media in Italy in particular, the article focuses on the role that mass media can play in the preservation or weakening of minority languages. By comparing different measures of protection adopted by national and regional authorities in Italy, the article aims to illustrate how these measures can be translated into different levels of development of broadcast media provisions for linguistic minorities. The article explores some of the effects different protective measures can have on the survival, status and economic conditions of the linguistic minority on the one hand, and the relationship with the state and the majority group on the other.
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Alessandri, Todd, Daniele Cerrato, and Donatella Depperu. "Organizational slack, experience, and acquisition behavior across varying economic environments." Management Decision 52, no. 5 (2014): 967–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-11-2013-0608.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the organizational slack and acquisition experience on acquisition behavior across varying environmental conditions. Drawing from behavioral theory and the threat-rigidity hypothesis, the paper explores firm acquisition behavior, in terms of type of acquisitions, before and during the recent economic downturn. Design/methodology/approach – Using data on 385 acquisitions in Italy in the period 2007-2010, the paper tests hypotheses on how organizational slack and acquisition experience influence the likelihood of cross-border and diversifying acquisitions relative to domestic, non-diversifying acquisitions prior to and during the economic downturn. Findings – Results suggest that the availability of financial resources and acquisition experience both have an important influence on acquisition behavior. Firms with greater slack and acquisition experience were more likely to make diversifying and/or cross-border acquisitions, compared to domestic non-diversifying acquisitions, particularly during an economic downturn, than firms with lower levels of slack and acquisition experience. Originality/value – The paper extends behavioral theory and threat-rigidity hypothesis, highlighting their applicability to acquisition behavior across varying economic conditions. Slack resources and acquisition experience appear to be particularly salient during challenging economic times.
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Sarti, S., and S. Rodriguez Espinola. "Health inequalities in Argentina and Italy: A comparative analysis of the relation between socio-economic and perceived health conditions." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 55 (June 2018): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2018.04.004.
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Valente, Clara, Raffaele Spinelli, and Bengt Gunnar Hillring. "LCA of environmental and socio-economic impacts related to wood energy production in alpine conditions: Valle di Fiemme (Italy)." Journal of Cleaner Production 19, no. 17-18 (2011): 1931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.06.026.
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Melossi, Dario. "Political Business Cycles and Imprisonment Rates in Italy: Report on a Work in Progress." Review of Black Political Economy 16, no. 1-2 (1987): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02900930.
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Sociologists have shown the presence of statistically significant associations between changing economic conditions and rates of imprisonment in a number of countries characterized by common law systems. Furthermore, these associations do not seem to be mediated by changing rates of criminal behavior. This article considers the possibility that the same relationships exist in a civil law society, Italy, for the period 1896–1965. It then goes on to highlight an hypothesis and possible test to explain the nature of these associations, based on the intervening role of public opinion.
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Zecchini, Salvatore. "Italy’s Economic Policy in the Age of the Euro." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 17, no. 2 (1999): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569299x15665365039607.
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Abstract Italy’s participation in the EMU entails majors shifts in its economic policy approach, involving the full spectrum of policy domains, and not just the monetary area alone. The author presents an overview of the main changes, highlighting a number of critical issues that have emerged. Italy’s need for higher growth over the business cycle can hardly be met through a unified monetary policy that is attuned to the requirements of the larger and more developed part of the Eurozone. Extensive constraints stemming from EMU on fiscal policy and other adjustment tools leave die country no choice but to press ahead with far-reaching reforms of its structures and markets. But progress in this direction is hampered by social resistance and inadequate mechanisms to ease adjustment costs. Under these conditions, the partial policy co-ordination stemming from EMU raises for Italy problems of sustainability over the longer term, especially in prolonged phases of stagnation or recession.
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Rivoire, Matteo, Alessandro Casasso, Bruno Piga, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Assessment of Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081941.
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Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) have a great potential for reducing the cost and climate change impact of building heating, cooling, and domestic hot water (DHW). The high installation cost is a major barrier to their diffusion but, under certain conditions (climate, building use, alternative fuels, etc.), the investment can be profitable in the long term. We present a comprehensive modeling study on GCHPs, performed with the dynamic energy simulation software TRNSYS, reproducing the operating conditions of three building types (residential, office, and hotel), with two insulation levels of the building envelope (poor/good), with the climate conditions of six European cities. Simulation results highlight the driving variables for heating/cooling peak loads and yearly demand, which are the input to assess economic performance and environmental benefits of GCHPs. We found that, in Italy, GCHPs are able to reduce CO2 emissions up to 216 g CO2/year per euro spent. However, payback times are still quite high, i.e., from 8 to 20 years. This performance can be improved by changing taxation on gas and electricity and using hybrid systems, adding a fossil-fuel boiler to cover peak heating loads, thus reducing the overall installation cost compared to full-load sized GCHP systems.
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Chernychko, Tetiana, and Maria Ihnatyshyn. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Economics” 1(13) (2020): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31339/2313-8114-2020-1(13)-67-72.
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The successful functioning of the country's economy is closely linked to the optimal provision of the budget. The effectiveness of the state's economic policy and its impact on economic and financial stability, living standards, etc. depend on this. This issue becomes especially relevant in certain crisis periods, such as 2020 and the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to study the state and trends of COVID-19's impact on the economic situation in the world and to determine the social and economic losses that Ukraine suffers from the pandemic of this disease. The article substantiates that the reduction of the state's financial capabilities requires reformatting the state's financial policy instruments in favor of other, less expensive sources of incentives. It has been determined that the vast majority of countries in the world allocate tax incentives as an influential stimulus to economic development. The system of incentive measures to support business in such countries as Germany, Italy, USA has been analyzed. Peculiarities and direction of stimulating measures applied in Ukraine have been determined. It has been concluded that in the context of the "corona crisis" Ukraine has taken steps taken by all civilized countries of the world: it reduces the planned budget revenues and increases spending on countering the pandemic. However, the system of proposed incentives is not enough to support business structures. It has been substantiated that the vast majority of measures are not economic but social. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to determine the need to use the tools of more active tax and budget policy aimed at thorough support of business structures, in order to reduce the negative impact of the global economic crisis. It has been determined that first of all the support of small business and the self-employed population of Ukraine, as the most vulnerable category of business structures of Ukraine, should be important. Further research will focus on the analysis of the economic consequences of quarantine, economic losses after overcoming coronavirus disease. Key words: economic crisis, coronavirus, COVID-19, budget expenditures, stimulating tax instruments.
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Quintano, Claudio, Paolo Mazzocchi, and Antonella Rocca. "Immigrants in the EU5 labour markets: what happened during the economic crisis?" International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 1 (2019): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2017-0161.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand: whether the changes that have occurred in migrants’ conditions over time are smaller than the differences in their conditions existing across countries; and whether the comparison between immigrants and native-born conditions allows the verification of the levels of disparities between them and, therefore, the relative disadvantage suffered by migrant. After a general overview of the 28 European Union countries, this paper analyses the changes that have occurred from 2006 to 2017 in the conditions of migrants in the labour market in the big five European countries (Italy, Spain, France, Germany and the UK). Design/methodology/approach Various statistical methodologies were used. First, to gain an overall picture, taking into account both the spatial and the temporal dimensions, dynamic factor analysis (DFA) was applied. Second, time-dependent and cross-sectional time-series models were estimated to better understand the DFA results. Findings The results highlight very different scenarios in terms of labour market vulnerabilities, both affecting immigrants and native-born workers. The results also highlight the existence of a very complex framework, due to the high heterogeneity of immigrants’ characteristics and labour market capacities to integrate migrants and also to promote good conditions for the native-born population. Originality/value The picture emerging from this study and the evaluation of the policies and legislation in force to cope with migration and to promote integration suggests some reflections on the most efficacious actions to take in order to improve migrants’ integration, counteracting social exclusion and promoting economic growth.
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Jessoula, Matteo. "Pension multi-pillarisation in Italy: actors, ‘institutional gates’ and the ‘new politics’ of funded pensions." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 1 (2018): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917748275.
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A latecomer to supplementary funded pension provision, Italy’s multi-pillarisation plan was launched in the 1990s under extremely adverse conditions. Supplementary schemes were expected to achieve universal coverage relying primarily on second pillar occupational pension funds. Twenty-five years after its launch, the comprehensive plan can hardly be called successful with respect to both coverage and the relative importance of second and third pillar institutions. Extreme variation in coverage rates between occupational categories and across economic sectors suggests, however, that these developments cannot be merely interpreted as a consequence of institutional resilience and path-dependent dynamics. The article applies an ‘actor-centred institutionalist’ framework to respond to three main questions. What explains the still limited coverage of supplementary pillars in Italy? What factors account for the prominent role played by third pillar pension schemes in contrast to policy-makers’ original intentions? Which factors allow us to understand the significant variation in coverage across both occupational categories and economic sectors?
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Fausto, Domenicantonio. "Il federalismo fiscale: un falso rimedio nel caso italiano." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 14, no. 2 (1996): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907540354.
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Abstract From a purely theoretical viewpoint it can be pointed out the lack of strong arguments in favor of decentralization.In Italy, the current pressures toward the so-called «fiscal federalism» are facing the existing considerable discrepancies among the various areas of the country between the ability to spend and financial resources.The attempt to equalise the regional incomes would require huge transfers from four Northern regions only to all the others.Such a perspective looks very irrealistic. According to the Author, decentralization entails a more marked economic discrepancy among areas whose economic conditions present huge gaps.Thus, fiscal federalism appears as an inadequate remedy to the Italian problems.