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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Calcoen, Piet, et Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven. « Supplementary physicians’ fees : a sustainable system ? » Health Economics, Policy and Law 14, no 1 (25 janvier 2018) : 40–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000548.
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AbstractIn Belgium and France, physicians can charge a supplementary fee on top of the tariff set by the mandatory basic health insurance scheme. In both countries, the supplementary fee system is under pressure because of financial sustainability concerns and a lack of added value for the patient. Expenditure on supplementary fees is increasing much faster than total health expenditure. So far, measures taken to curb this trend have not been successful. For certain categories of physicians, supplementary fees represent one-third of total income. For patients, however, the added value of supplementary fees is not that clear. Supplementary fees can buy comfort and access to physicians who refuse to treat patients who are not willing to pay supplementary fees. Perceived quality of care plays an important role in patients’ willingness to pay supplementary fees. Today, there is no evidence that physicians who charge supplementary fees provide better quality of care than physicians who do not. However, linking supplementary fees to objectively proven quality of care and limiting access to top quality care to patients able and willing to pay supplementary fees might not be socially acceptable in many countries. Our conclusion is that supplementary physicians’ fees are not sustainable.
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Bélaval, Philippe. « Retour à la Bibliothèque Nationale de France ». Alexandria : The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 9, no 1 (avril 1997) : 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909700900103.
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The decision in July 1988 to build a new library in Paris has been the starting point of a deep change in every field of activity for the French national library, which combines the old Bibliothèque nationale in the Rue de Richelieu with the Bibliothèque de France in Tolbiac in what is now known as the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). The collections will be divided between two sites: the Rue de Richelieu building will retain the special collections, in improved storage conditions and with better access; while the printed and audiovisual collections are being transferred to the new building at Tolbiac between the end of 1996 and the end of 1998. 370,000 books will be acquired specially to fill gaps in previously neglected areas such as law, economics and science. A new OPAC, due for completion in 1998, will provide access to merged files of the BnF, including 4.5 million converted records from the old hand-written catalogue. Next to the research reading rooms, which are for registered users only, will be ten reading rooms open to the general public for a fee, which will have 380,000 books on open access. The OPAC will be accessible remotely, as will the seat and book reservation system. A new preservation centre has been built in Marne-la-Vallée, 20 km east of Paris; there is a special emphasis on deacidification. There are two digitization programmes, for 100,000 texts and 300,000 pictures; negotiation is taking place with copyright holders. Experimental access to several bibliographic databases and digitized collections is already proving successful. The new reference library in the new building opened in December 1996 and the research library will open in 1998.
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Barnett, Emma Priscilla, et Rouaan Maarman. « Principals’ views on the implementation of the no-fee policy through the lens of capability theory ». South African Journal of Education, no 40(3) (31 août 2020) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n3a1673.
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The purpose of the study reported on here was to investigate the implementation of the no-fee schools policy in quintile 1 schools in the Frances Baard district of the Northern Cape province. The South African schooling system categorises schools into quintile 1 to 5 schools, and, since 2006, disadvantaged learners in quintiles 1 to 3 have been exempted from paying fees. This study explored the perceptions of school principals regarding the implementation of the no-fee policy in the South African context, by applying a capability approach, which offers a novel perspective. In the study we used a descriptive design located within the qualitative tradition. Nine principals from quintile 1 schools were purposively selected as participants. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, and a thematic framework was used for analysis. The findings indicate that the no-fee schools policy is only implemented partially by stakeholders (principals and school governing bodies). Furthermore, it was found that there is a lack of knowledge about the content of the policy which consequently inhibits effective implementation. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Department of Education monitors the implementation of the no-fee policy more closely.
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Combarnous, Pauline, Felix Erdmann, Olivier Caumont, Éric Defer et Maud Martet. « A satellite lightning observation operator for storm-scale numerical weather prediction ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 22, no 9 (6 septembre 2022) : 2943–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2943-2022.
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Abstract. This study aims at simulating satellite-measured lightning observations with numerical weather prediction (NWP) system variables. A total of eight parameters, calculated with the AROME-France NWP system variables, were selected from a literature review to be used as proxies for satellite lightning observations. Two different proxy types emerged from this literature review: microphysical and dynamical proxies. Here, we investigate which ones are best related to satellite lightning and calibrate an empirical relationship between the best parameters and lightning data. To obtain those relationships, we fit machine learning regression models to our data. In this study, pseudo flash extent accumulation (FEA) observations are used because no actual geostationary lightning observations are available yet over France, and non-geostationary satellite lightning data represent a sample that is too small for our study. The performances of each proxy and machine learning regression model are evaluated by computing fractions skill scores (FSSs) with respect to observed FEA and proxy-based FEA. The present study suggests that microphysical proxies are more suited than the dynamical ones to model satellite lightning observations with the AROME-France NWP system. The performances of multivariate regression models are also evaluated by combining several proxies after a feature selection based on a principal component analysis and a proxy correlation study, but no proxy combination yielded better results than microphysical proxies alone. Finally, different accumulation periods of the FEA had little influence, i.e. similar FSS, on the regression model's ability to reproduce the observed FEA. In future studies, the microphysical-based relationship will be used as an observation operator to perform satellite lightning data assimilation in storm-scale NWP systems and applied to NWP forecasts to simulate satellite lightning data.
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Faulks, Denise, Marie-Sophie Bogner, Solenn Hamon, Caroline Eschevins et Bruno Pereira. « Identifying Persons with Special Healthcare Needs in Dentistry—Development and Validation of the French Case Mix Tool ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no 4 (8 février 2023) : 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042997.
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Providing dental care for certain patient groups is complicated due to difficulties with cooperation, communication, health conditions, and social context, amongst others. The majority of dentists in France work within a public fee-per-item system. A new measure has been introduced providing a financial supplement to dentists for each episode of care for a patient with a severe disability. This supplement is justified by completion of the French Case Mix tool (FCM), a new measure designed to retrospectively identify episodes of dental care that have required adaptation and additional time or expertise. The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and psychometric properties of the FCM. The content validity of the tool was improved at each round of pilot development, involving 392 patient encounters. Test–retest data at 2 weeks for 12 fictional patient treatment episodes were collected from 51 dentists. This phase confirmed inter- and intra-dentist reproducibility, criterion validity, and interpretability. Retrospective analysis of 4814 treatment episodes nationally demonstrated high reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity. Overall, the FCM showed high validity and good psychometric properties. However, the impact of providing a financial supplement on improving access to care for persons with special needs has yet to be evaluated.
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Ruzic-Muslic, D., M. P. Petrovic, M. M. Petrovic, Z. Bijelic, V. Pantelic, P. Perisic et V. Caro-Petrovic. « The effect of the system of crossing on fattening parameters of weaned lambs ». Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no 3 (2012) : 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1203529r.
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In this paper, the effect of different systems of crossing of sheep: two-breed (PxW) and three-breed (PxWxIDF) on production results - body weight and average daily gain of lambs weaned at the age of 60 days and fattened to age of 120 days, was investigated. Also, the effect of crossing on consumption and conversion of food and nutrients was monitored. Study was carried out on the Experimental sheep farm of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and following breeds were used in the crossing: Pirot Pramenka (P), Wurttemberg (W) and Ile de France (IDF). Pirot Pramenka was used as the maternal basis, while Wurttemberg rams were used as sires, and as terminal breed, Ile de France rams were used. Results have shown that the three-breed crosses of F1 generation, compared to two-breed crosses, obtained higher body gain for 19.23% with lower food intake for 5.19%, during fattening period lasting from 60th to 120th day of age. Regarding feed conversion ratio, they used per 1 kg of body gain 29.61% less hay and 20.82% less concentrate feeds. Positive biological effect exhibited in three-breed crosses (PxWxIDF) is consequence of individual heterosis and maternal heterosis.
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Fenny Maria Christien. « JOINT WORKING GROUP IMPLEMENTATION : FRENCH EDUCATION DIPLOMACY ON INDONESIA YEAR 2012-2016 ». Sociae Polites 19, no 2 (20 décembre 2018) : 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v19i2.1648.
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The progress of globalization has made every country to cooperate internationally to fulfill its national interests. Indonesia sees opportunities from France as a country that has the more advanced technology from Indonesia. In education, France is a country that has the best system. France saw a joint research opportunity to do both so that both of them agreed to make cooperation conducted by the Ministry of Research and Higher Education (Kemristek Higher Education) at the French Embassy in the meeting of the Joint Working Group in the field of Research and Higher Education. Until the eighth meeting from 2009 to 2016, continue to discuss what programs will get done. But in reality, in 2012 until 2016, participants from the scholarships given by Kemristek Dikti decreased. From the decline, it gets seen that the delay factor of fund given to the scholarship recipients makes the students feel hampered in doing their activities, besides the lack of socialization of this scholarship which makes the students who want to seek for learning to France do not know about this scholarship program
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Pigłowski, Marcin. « Notifications on Anisakis spp. in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) Reported in 2001–2023 ». Sustainability 16, no 13 (27 juin 2024) : 5453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16135453.
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Anisakis spp. was the most frequently reported parasite in the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Notifications relating to it accounted for 73.6% of all notifications submitted in this system between 2001 and 2023 in the hazard category “parasitic infestation”. Using a two-way joining cluster analysis, notifications reported in the RASFF during the period indicated concerning Anisakis spp. were examined by considering the year, notification type, product category, product, notifying country, country of origin, notification basis and action taken. These mainly concerned hake and mackerel from Spain and also anglerfish and mackerel from France (reported by Italy after official controls on the market) and anchovies and scabbardfish from Morocco (sent by Spain after border controls). Products from Spain and France were reported as alerts and information notifications and then were officially detained, withdrawn from the market or destroyed. Fish from Morocco were detained and destroyed. Although the number of Anisakis spp. notifications has decreased significantly in recent years, food safety authorities should continue to be active in this area. Meanwhile, consumers should be aware that the consumption of unprocessed fish should be avoided.
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Sharonova, E. L. « Library Service for Elderly Readers in France ». Bibliosphere, no 1 (24 janvier 2022) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2022-1-80-87.
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The purpose of the study is to review the activities of French municipal public libraries in working with older age audiences; to make known to the Russian library community modern practical developments of foreign colleagues in this area. The article is based on the results of the analysis of the following documents: reports of the Ministry of Culture and Communications of France, National summaries of data on the activities of municipal libraries, research articles and dissertations on the topic of the older generation in the library. The article presents the system of the old age periodization by Serge Guerin (Serge Guérin), which is characteristic of France, and gives an idea of the image of the modern French pensioner. The importance of cooperation and partnership of libraries with volunteer associations is noted. The interesting experience of the association «Read and let others read» («Lire et faire lire»), which attracts retired teachers to cooperation with libraries, thereby helping older people feel needed by society and continue an active social life, is presented.
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Veldkamp, T., et J. Eilenberg. « Insects in European feed and food chains ». Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 4, no 3 (30 août 2018) : 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2018.x006.
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Insects or insect products are valuable feedstuffs for animal feeds but for further implementation more research is required. Different symposia contribute to sharing the obtained knowledge and in this special issue the activities of the EAAP study commission Insects are highlighted as well as five papers presented during the 2017 annual EAAP meeting in Tallinn, Estonia and one paper presented during the ‘Insectinov2 2017’ meeting in France. The papers highlight different aspects of the insect chain such as sustainability, insect health, bacterial contamination, nutritional value of insect meal and regulatory system.
Thèses sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Hingh, Anne Evelyne de. « Food production and food procurement in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age (2000-500 BC) : the organisation of a diversified and intensified agrarian system in the Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region (the Netherlands and Belgium) and the region of the river Moselle (Luxembourg and France) / ». Leiden : Faculty of archaeology, Leiden university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38870674h.
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Alanis, Andrea Maria, et Andrea Maria Alanis. « Health Care Economics : Analysis of a Bundled Payment System Versus A Standard Fee-For-Service Payment System ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621907.
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The Health Care reform has been a topic that has gained much attention in these past few
years and has been widely studied and criticized within the United States. It is one of the
biggest issues in present day and one of the most prominent concerns is how to make
health care more economically efficient. This paper is research-based as I investigate
different types of payment methods within healthcare, specifically within Medicare.
Some of these payments are already widely used; others have only recently been
implemented, while others are completely new proposals. With the help of my thesis
advisor, Dr. Joiner, I have found the necessary documents in order to successfully
analyze the differences and possibilities of a change from a fee-for-service payment to a
bundled system payment. I discuss the potential economic benefit from changing
payment method systems as well as breaking down the proposed alternative payment
methods that are being implemented, or may soon be implemented, within the United
States.
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Barney, Andrew. « Making the Most of Wind : a Business Perspective on Subsidy Systems in France, Germany, Spain and Sweden ». Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216988.
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Determining which countries are the most financially attractive for businesses to build wind projects is a matter of serious discussion that lacks succinct commentary. To fill this void this paper employs an empirical study of the wind subsidy support systems used by Germany, France, Spain and Sweden. This paper is based on the premise that businesses prefer to build where they can find the highest overall remuneration for their production; recognizing also the need for stability in those payments and businesses’ strong preference for larger early returns on their investments. The paper also analyzes the results and gives recommendations on possible improvements to each country’s system and where businesses should invest.In order to reach their 20-20-20 E.U. goals (European Commission, 2010), countries are encouraging the creation of new green energy projects, and this encouragement is frequently in the form of subsidies. The subsidy types used by the countries reviewed are feed-in tariffs, premiums and a certificate quota system. Each country’s support history is detailed along with the criteria of their respective systems.The countries systems are then compared using actual income and production data for four criteria at three different production levels – 100 percent, 75 percent and 150 percent of actual – and at two different lengths of time, 7 and 20 years. The first criteria of the comparison is total income, the second for variability of payments, the third for timing of payments and the final is the stability of the system itself.The results of this research show that the German and French systems are superior at all levels for their low variability in payment prices and in making larger payments to businesses earlier. They are also generally superior at lower and actual production levels for total income amounts. However, the Spanish options are superior at high levels of production for income and have middling variability levels. The Swedish system generally has the highest levels of variability for the lowest levels of income. Only the Spanish system is considered to be unstable in its political support of subsidies. Based upon the preceding findings are given to each country to improve their relative weaknesses. Also recommendations are given to businesses based upon the quality of the locations wind resources.
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Larsson, Hanna, et Daniel Gustafsson. « On fees and performance in the premium pension system : A study of the determinants of mutual fund fee and risk-adjusted return within the Swedish premium pension system ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138087.
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Pension is a subject that soon or later affects all individuals in society. Within the premium pension system mutual fund fees are an important factor to consider since it can erode savings. This study investigates fees and performance of all mutual funds that existed in the premium pension system (PPS) between 2004 and 2016. Risk-adjusted performance and fees are adjusted to reflect the discount that is given for fees within the premium pension system to reflect actual investor experiences. The data needed to make these adjustments were obtained from the Swedish Pension Agency. The main purpose of this study is to investigate if there is a relationship between fee and risk-adjusted return within the Swedish premium pension system. Further on this study aims to explain what mutual fund characteristics can be used to predict performance and fees within the premium pension system.Theories used in this study are efficient market hypothesis, agency theory, behavioral finance, economies of scale and portfolio theory. The factors from the Carhart 4-factor model is used to construct the factor model utilized in this study to estimate risk-adjusted returns. This study adapts a quantitative research method and panel data regressions were conducted to determine how fee and risk-adjusted performance is related to various mutual fund characteristics. Hausman tests were conducted to evaluate if the fixed effects model or random effects model was the most appropriate to use. The result of the Hausman test proved that fixed effect model was the most appropriate model to use.This study will draw conclusions about whether the fee that the mutual fund companies charge can be justified given their risk-adjusted performance. The results for the sample of all mutual funds and the sample of equity funds imply that there exists a positive relationship between fee after discount and performance. Therefore, mutual funds in the premium pension system compensate for increasing fees with a higher risk-adjusted return. The sample of balanced funds differs since there is a negative relationship between risk-adjusted returns and fees. This study finds that size is a determinant of risk-adjusted performance, with larger mutual fund performing better than smaller funds. Because of this finding, it can be concluded that economies of scale do exist among the mutual funds in the premium pension system. Actively managed mutual funds charge higher mutual fund fees on average than passively managed funds. Further on, there is significant evidence that actively managed equity funds perform worse than passively managed equity funds. This suggests that investors are better off investing into cheaper equity index funds rather than expensive actively managed equity funds.
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Munishi, Victima. « Assessment of user fee system : implementation of exemption and waiver mechanisms in Tanzania : successes and challenges ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11236.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of exemptions and waivers and to support efforts to address current challenges and promote use of public sector health services. The study was conducted in Bagamoyo and Mtwara rural districts. A qualitative approach (in-depth interviews and focus group discussions) was used since it was considered appropriate for a study focusing on the perceptions, views, and experiences of users and providers.
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Sellami, Bachir. « Afgar : un système à base de connaissance basé sur les objets pour l'Aide à la Fabrication des Grilles de service des Agents Roulants de la SNCF ». Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD556.
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Cette thèse, effectuée à la demande de la SNCF, apporte une contribution à la résolution du problème des grilles de service des agents roulants. Elle a donné lieu à AFGAR. Le problème posé est un problème complexe, combinatoire, pour lequel il n'existe pas d'algorithme efficace. Concrètement il s'agit, partant d'un ensemble de journées de travail, de trouver si possible la meilleure succession de journées de travail et de repos périodiques qui respectent les contraintes temporelles, règlementaires et humaines. Le principe méthodologique de la démarche de modélisation a été de faire une séparation nette entre un modèle du processus avec sa logique de fonctionnement et un modèle de la stratégie de résolution (du problème) avec sa logique de raisonnement. Ayant à représenter deux types de connaissances (structurelles et fonctionnelles d'une part, expertes et déductives d'autre part), le choix d'un formalisme hybride (objets et règles) s'imposait. Nous avons donc opté pour le générateur (hybride : règles et objets) de systèmes experts SMECI. La partie raisonnement est basée sur le modèle systémique Opérand, Information et Décision (OID). La partie fonctionnement est basée sur une méthodologie objet qui permet de structurer tant les classes que les instances. En synthèse, nous proposons une ébauche de méthodologie de développement des systèmes à base de connaissances
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Calvert, Gregory. « International education : career paths in science and engineering ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/706.
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This study examines the relationship between international fee-paying students and career pathways through courses of study in Science and Engineering. International education is a significant endeavour in Australia in terms of any measure (students, dollars, associated employment). Over the last two decades it has grown in scope, beyond international fee-paying students, so that it now crosses all sectors of education and training (schools, vocational education and training, and higher education). Australian institutions have expanded their enrolment offshore and engaged in a variety of joint venture activities to capitalise on this surge of interest. The study examined international fee-paying students and career pathways shortly after the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducted two major studies in 2004 into career education and transnational education amongst member countries. The links between course and career intentions were investigated by focusing on the subject fields of Science and Engineering. The term career pathway is used as a metaphor to describe the way students move through the Australian education and training system, with such movements possibly occurring through sequential levels or by sectors. A literature review was conducted initially, and a mixed research methodology (involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches) was adopted for the study. A survey instrument was used with a sample of 110 international fee-paying students drawn from students studying Science and/or Engineering at nine institutions across sectors of Australian education and training, then a further sample of 22 students was interviewed in order to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons for students making the decisions, in relation to courses and careers that they do.These samples provide the opportunity to evaluate international students' understandings of the Australian education and training system, especially the entry procedures into Science and/or Engineering courses. As part of the methodology the preliminary results were shared with the institutions involved to gain their input. Major findings were that 68 percent of the sample did not have career preparation or advice before coming to Australia; 52 percent of the sample was able to explain the term 'credit-transfer'; 53 percent of the sample had researched the recognition of their course in their home country, and careers advice was sought by 58 percent of the sample whilst studying in Australia. Resulting from the study are a number of recommendations for major stakeholders associated with international education (Australian Educational International, the Graduate Careers Council of Australia, government policy makers, institutions, the related professional bodies in the fields of Science and Engineering, and international fee-paying students). The findings of this study have implications for the way in which careers services are provided to international fee-paying students at Australian institutions. The outcome of this study is presented in two volumes. Volume One contains the body of the thesis in 6 Chapters. Volume Two (on disk) includes the associated documents of this study, presented in twelve Appendices.
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Bangash, Romana. « L'évaluation de la performance des fonds mutuels : le cas de la France ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG009.
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Les fonds mutuels sont désormais reconnus comme une possibilité de diversifier des investissements en actions et constituent actuellement une alternative (ou un complément) aux investissements directs en actions. L'industrie des fonds mutuels est désormais présente dans la majorité des pays et a enregistré une croissance spectaculaire au cours des dernières années. En dépit de son importance, cette industrie a fait l'objet de peu de recherches en dehors des Etats-Unis. Notre étude a pour but de combler ce manque. A travers l'utilisation d'une base de données récente fournie par Eurofidai, nous analysons les attributs et la performance des fonds mutuels européens en fondant notre étude sur le cas des fonds d'actions français. Cette thèse de doctorat examine le problème de sélection des investisseurs confrontés à une masse d'information importante qui peut résulter en une certaine confusion lors de l'allocation d'actifs. Afin d'acquérir une meilleure compréhension des fonds mutuels, nous analysons certains facteurs et caractéristiques qui sont susceptibles d'avoir un impact sur leur performance et par conséquent influent sur la prise de décision des investisseurs. Notre étude empirique utilise des données mensuelles entre 1990 et 2009 sur un ensemble de fonds mutuels investis en actions françaises. Les objectifs de la recherche sont au nombre de trois : l'évaluation des performances des fonds mutuels, la détermination des caractéristiques ayant un impact sur ces performances et les explications potentielles de la structure des frais de gestion. Nos résultats révèlent que les fonds français préfèrent les actions à petite taille et book-to-market. Il apparaît que la taille du fonds et sa longévité ont un impact positif sur la performance. Nous montrons également qu'il existe des économies d'échelle dans les familles de fonds. Par exemple, les fonds contenant des titres à faibles capitalisation favorisent les investisseurs en réclamant des frais de gestion plus faibles.. Ce travail de recherche apporte aux chercheurs, analystes et investisseurs des éléments de réponse et permet ainsi à ces derniers d'affiner leur prise de décision relative à l'investissement dans l'industrie des fonds mutuelsEver since the investment community first recognized mutual funds as a means for diversification, asset preservation, and asset accumulation, academics and practitioners have conducted many studies designed to ascertain their appeal. The mutual funds are gaining importance worldwide and it has registered a spectacular growth in the entire world. Despite the importance of the mutual fund industry, it has received little academic attention outside the USA. Therefore, our study intends to contribute in filling this gap. Using a new database of Eurofidai, we analyze mutual funds' various aspects in European context with a case of French equity mutual funds. This study has introduced the problem investors have in selecting mutual funds, where the sheer amount of information on mutual funds results in investor confusion. To dispel this confusion and to bring a deeper understanding in mutual funds, we have examined certain factors and characteristics that affect the mutual funds performance and ultimately investors' decisions. This study followed suit by compiling monthly data from 1990 to 2009 for equity mutual funds domestically invested in France. We have three basic research objectives; performance evaluation of equity mutual funds; designating funds' characteristics effecting performance and potential determinants for structuring fund's fees being charged to investors. Our results reveal that French funds prefer smaller stocks and lower book to market ratio. We provide evidence of positive impact of funds' size and age on fund performance. We also found economies of scale in fund families. Funds having small cap holdings favor investors by charging low management fees. This research provides academics, analysts and investors some insight in mutual funds to refine their preferences and some key features to be considered while deciding their investments
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Knutsson, Lars. « Sprite observations over France in relation to their parent thunderstorm system ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303775.
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As a part of the European research program CAL, sprite observations were carried out from the OMP observatory in the French Pyrenees during the summer 2003. Images of the sprites were taken by two remotely controlled CCD cameras. The 23 July was considered particularly interesting because we then had access to data concerning both cloud-to-ground and intracloud lightning activity. This day was therefore chosen as the object of the present study. A large thunderstorm with two convective cores, one to the north and the other to the south, developed over the South of France during the late afternoon, and about two hours after sunset, the first sprite was detected. During a little more than three hours, 13 sprites were observed, 7 over the northern system and 6 over the southern system. The images enabled us to determine the azimuth angle of each sprite from the OMP observatory. 12 of the 13 sprites could be associated to positive cloud-to-ground flashes, and by putting together the sprite directions and the locations of the associated flashes on the radar images, we managed to get a rough idea of the position of the sprites in the storm system, and also to estimate their vertical and horizontal extent. Satellite images were included at this point of the study, and it appeared clear that sprites tend to occur over the stratiform region of the storm system in the area with the coldest (highest) cloud tops. The associated positive flashes were also within or close to this portion of the storm. The sprite occurrences were studied in relation to the cloud-to-ground and to the intracloud activity. We found that sprites seem to occur in a late stage of each storm system, when the rate of negative cloud-to-ground flashes has considerably decreased, and when the ratio of positive cloud-to-ground flashes is much higher then during the most active phase of the storm. Globally, the intracloud activity is also low during the sprite-producing periods, but sudden "bursts" of intracloud lightning could frequently be observed at the moment of the sprite. The peak current of the positive flashes was found to be rather weakly correlated to their sprite-generating capacity. The available Schumann resonance measurements seem to indicate that the charge moment is a much more adequate parameter in this respect. The areal coverage of the radar echo was calculated. The result supports the idea that sprite events tend to appear almost exclusively over large thunderstorm systems.
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Calvert, Gregory. « International education : career paths in science and engineering ». Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16927.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines the relationship between international fee-paying students and career pathways through courses of study in Science and Engineering. International education is a significant endeavour in Australia in terms of any measure (students, dollars, associated employment). Over the last two decades it has grown in scope, beyond international fee-paying students, so that it now crosses all sectors of education and training (schools, vocational education and training, and higher education). Australian institutions have expanded their enrolment offshore and engaged in a variety of joint venture activities to capitalise on this surge of interest. The study examined international fee-paying students and career pathways shortly after the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) conducted two major studies in 2004 into career education and transnational education amongst member countries. The links between course and career intentions were investigated by focusing on the subject fields of Science and Engineering. The term career pathway is used as a metaphor to describe the way students move through the Australian education and training system, with such movements possibly occurring through sequential levels or by sectors. A literature review was conducted initially, and a mixed research methodology (involving both quantitative and qualitative approaches) was adopted for the study. A survey instrument was used with a sample of 110 international fee-paying students drawn from students studying Science and/or Engineering at nine institutions across sectors of Australian education and training, then a further sample of 22 students was interviewed in order to gain an understanding of the underlying reasons for students making the decisions, in relation to courses and careers that they do.These samples provide the opportunity to evaluate international students' understandings of the Australian education and training system, especially the entry procedures into Science and/or Engineering courses. As part of the methodology the preliminary results were shared with the institutions involved to gain their input. Major findings were that 68 percent of the sample did not have career preparation or advice before coming to Australia; 52 percent of the sample was able to explain the term 'credit-transfer'; 53 percent of the sample had researched the recognition of their course in their home country, and careers advice was sought by 58 percent of the sample whilst studying in Australia. Resulting from the study are a number of recommendations for major stakeholders associated with international education (Australian Educational International, the Graduate Careers Council of Australia, government policy makers, institutions, the related professional bodies in the fields of Science and Engineering, and international fee-paying students). The findings of this study have implications for the way in which careers services are provided to international fee-paying students at Australian institutions. The outcome of this study is presented in two volumes. Volume One contains the body of the thesis in 6 Chapters. Volume Two (on disk) includes the associated documents of this study, presented in twelve Appendices.
Livres sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Abbey, Duane C. Fee schedule payment system. Boca Raton, FL : Productivity Press, 2011.
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Trayte, Kathleen S. The educational system of France. Washington, DC : American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, 2007.
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Trayte, Kathleen S. The educational system of France. Washington, DC : American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, 2007.
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Catherine, Vernon, dir. French legal system. Harlow, England : Longman, 2000.
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Imai, Yukata. The changing health system in France. Paris : OECD, 2000.
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United States. Congressional Budget Office., dir. Designing a premium support system for Medicare. [Washington, D.C.] : Congressional Budget Office, 2006.
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United States. Physician Payment Review Commission. Comments on the Notice of proposed rulemaking for the Medicare fee schedule. Washington, D.C : Physician Payment Review Commission, 1991.
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Jocelyn, Evans, dir. The French party system. Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2003.
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Knapp, Andrew. Parties and the Party System in France. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230503625.
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Lepetit, Bernard. The pre-industrial urban system : France, 1740-1840. Cambridge [England] : Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Ouellette, Nadine, France Meslé, Jacques Vallin et Jean-Marie Robine. « Supercentenarians and Semi-supercentenarians in France ». Dans Demographic Research Monographs, 105–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to exhaustively identify cases of French supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians and to validate their alleged age at death. Secondly, it seeks to uncover careful patterns and trends in probabilities of death and life expectancy at very old ages in France. We use three sets of data with varying degrees of accuracy and coverage: nominative transcripts from the RNIPP (Répertoire national d’identification des personnes physiques), death records from the vital statistics system, and “public” lists of individual supercentenarians. The RNIPP stands out as the most reliable source. Based on all deaths registered in the RNIPP at the alleged ages of 110+ for extinct cohorts born between 1883 and 1901, errors are only few, at least for individuals who were born and died in France. For alleged semi-supercentenarians, age validation on a very large sample shows that errors are extremely rare, suggesting the RNIPP data can be used without any verification until age 108 at the minimum. Moreover, a comparison with “public” lists of individual supercentenarians reveals a single missing occurrence only in the RNIPP transcripts since 1991. While the quality of vital statistics data remains quite deficient at very old ages compared to RNIPP, the analytical results show a significant improvement over time at younger old ages. Our RNIPP-based probabilities of death for females appear to level-off at 0.5 between ages 108 and 111, but data becomes too scarce afterwards to assess the trend. Also, we obtain a quite low life expectancy value of 1.2 years at age 108.
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Pickles, Dorothy. « The Parliamentary System ». Dans France, 33–53. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346432-4.
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Britnell, Mark. « France ». Dans In Search of the Perfect Health System, 116–20. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-49662-1_21.
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Golub, Alexander, et Elena Strukova. « Application of a Pollution Fee System in Russia ». Dans Economic Instruments for Air Pollution Control, 165–84. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1012-9_8.
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Símo, Francisco López, et José Ángel Torres Lana. « The System of Costs in Spanish Civil Procedure ». Dans Cost and Fee Allocation in Civil Procedure, 259–66. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2263-7_23.
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Chevreul, Karine, et Karen Berg Brigham. « Health System in France ». Dans Health Services Evaluation, 827–36. New York, NY : Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_44.
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Chevreul, Karine, et Karen Berg Brigham. « Health System in France ». Dans Health Services Research, 1–10. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6419-8_9-1.
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Grunberg, Gérard. « The French Party System and the Crisis of Representation ». Dans Changing France, 223–43. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230584532_10.
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Stevens, Anne. « The Administrative System in France ». Dans The Government and Politics of France, 118–40. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22102-8_5.
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Stevens, Anne. « The Administrative System in France ». Dans The Government and Politics of France, 135–57. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24745-5_5.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Troshko, A. A., et Y. A. Hassan. « Loss of Residual Heat Removal System Simulation Using CATHARE Thermal Hydraulic Code ». Dans ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0764.
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Abstract Thermal hydraulic CATHARE V1.3U code has been used to simulate an International Standard Problem (ISP38) experiment conducted at BETHSY Integral Test Facility located in Grenoble, France. This experiment dealt with simulation of the loss of Residual Heat Removal System (RHRS) during midloop operation. It involved opening of the pressurizer manway and steam generator outlet plenum manway simultaneously with switching on the heating rods power simulating loss of RHRS. The total power was kept unchanged with the level 138 kW throughout the test. Mass discharge through both manways led to core boiling and uncovery. Test was stopped when the primary cooling system was filled back to a midloop level. Overall, the code’s prediction and experimental data were found to be in a reasonable qualitative agreement. However, the code underestimated the time of the core uncovery and the actuation of the gravity feed injection due to the ovepredicted mass discharge through steam generator manway during the initial stage of the transient. This was caused by CATHARE’s miscalculation of the phase separation effect at the hot leg/surge line tee junction and significant water entrainment into the surge line at the beginning of the test. It was found that the code’s model of the upward tee junction needs to be refined for the low pressure ranges.
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Johnson, Bertrand L., C. Laurence Korb, Pierre Flamant, Mireille Bourdet, John Degnan, Gerard Megie, S. Harvey Melfi, Geary Schwemmer et Louis Uccellini. « Overview of an Advanced Lidar for an Atmospheric Temperature Profile Measurements Program ». Dans Laser and Optical Remote Sensing : Instrumentation and Techniques. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lors.1987.wc17.
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The LASE (Laser Atmospheric Sensing Experiment) program is managed by the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) and is the development of a modular lidar facility which can be operated autonomously from the high altitude (60,000 feet) NASA ER-2 aircraft. Phase I of this program is the development of a lidar instrument system by LaRC to measure atmospheric water vapor profiles. Phase II (also refered to as LASE II) is the development by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), in cooperation with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales of France, of an advanced lidar instrument system to measure temperature and pressure profiles of the earth's atmosphere. GSFC is developing the solid state (Alexandrite) laser transmitters for both phase I and phase II.
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Métais, Thomas, Nicolas Robert, Pierre Genette et Nicolas Etchegaray. « Overview of EAF Screening Results on the 900 MWe NPP French Fleet ». Dans ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63125.
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In the wake of numerous experimental tests carried out in air and also in a PWR environment, both abroad and in France, an update of the current thermal fatigue codification is underway in France. Proposals are currently being integrated in the RCC-M code [1]. In parallel, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of codification evolution on the RCS components. In the USA, such evaluations have already been implemented for license renewal to operate power plants beyond their initial 40 years of operation. In order to reduce the scope of the calculations to perform, a preliminary screening was carried out on the various areas of the primary system components: this screening is detailed in an EPRI report [2]. The output of this screening process is a list of locations that are most prone to EAF degradation process and it is on these zones only that detailed EAF calculations are carried out. In France, a similar approach was defined in the perspective of the fourth ten-year visit of the 900 MWe plants (VD4 900 MWe) so as to map out all the locations that are most impacted by EAF and hence concentrate the calculation effort on these specific areas for the VD4 900 MWe. In that respect, a specific methodology to evaluate the factor to account for environmental effects or Fen [3] based on correlations [4] for hot and cold shocks was established. These correlations use data that is readily accessible in transient description documents and stress reports such as temperature change, heat transfer coefficients, ramp duration and geometry. The need for these correlations is specific to the French context due to a need for a preliminary and yet precise idea of the overall impact of the modifications brought to the RCC-M code in fatigue before the VD4 900 MWe. This paper presents the results of the screening method that was applied to the whole RCS of the 900 MWe NPP fleet.
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Quiniou-Ramus, Valérie, Rémi Estival, Pascal Venzac et Jean-Baptiste Cohuet. « Real-Time Network of Weather and Ocean Stations : Public-Private Partnership on In-Situ Measurements in the Gulf of Guinea ». Dans ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10903.
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Monitoring of meteorological or/and oceanographic conditions is done on many Oil & Gas platforms offshore West and Central Africa (from Nigeria to Angola), but it is often only used in real-time and not necessarily archived on a hard-drive, or it is protected by each company’s IT firewalls thus making it difficult to send the information to the “outer world”. In 2010, TOTAL Oil & Gas Operator launched a project to give remote and public access to this real-time wind, current and also wave or other meteorological / oceanographic (“metocean”) data. The objectives of this initiative were multiple: • Improve weather and ocean hindcasts and forecasts, which will be beneficial to all Oil & Gas operations in Africa, • Help feed a database for future O&G developments; • Enable design checks after ∼1 year of operation; • Serve as a “black box” in case of an incident which could be due to environment; • Help feed or validate ocean and oil spill drift forecast in case of emergency; • Contribute to the international effort of monitoring the oceans in the long term (operational oceanography, climate change, etc.); • Encourage capacity building in Africa by supporting development and maintenance of technical solutions to reach objectives In 2013, with the support of the French Meteorological Office Météo-France, the data from half a dozen platforms offshore Nigeria, Congo and Angola will be available on the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This paper will present the type of metocean stations that are part of this network “MODANET”, the IT architecture that was selected to send it out of the Company’s network, the quality control undertaken by Meteo France before sending it to the GTS, and future possible use of the data that are envisaged.
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Kabir, A. Z. M. Tahmidul, Nirmol Deb Nath, Fukrul Hasan, Rafin Akther Utshaw et Lovely Saha. « Automated Parking System with Fee Management Using Arduino ». Dans 2019 10th International Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt45670.2019.8944642.
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Li, Jian-Pan, Gwo-Jiun Horng, Sheng-Tzong Cheng et Chen-Fei Chen. « Intelligent ridesharing system for taxi to reduce cab fee ». Dans 2015 IEEE 12th International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnsc.2015.7116082.
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Wenter, P. « Automatic fee collection on German autobahns - the ChipTicket system ». Dans Seventh International Conference on `Road Traffic Monitoring and Control'. IEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19940423.
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Taam, Damon M. K. « Plant System Expansion : “Getting More From Alternative Revenue Sources” ». Dans 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-121.
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Abstract “Alternative Revenue Sources” are tipping fee revenues received from the combustion of non-traditional waste. Such alternative solid wastes are not hazardous wastes and are not typically delivered by the normal garbage collection system. Alternative Revenue Wastes (ARW) need a due diligence review showing that disposal of the waste will not violate any laws, ordinances and/or permit conditions. Disposal of ARW will need coordination and additional special handling for final disposal ARW generators do pay a tipping fee greater than the solid waste tipping fee in order to compensate the owner/operator for the extra effort. ARW wastes are derived from the following special considerations: 1) Liability concerns from disposal of such waste. 2) Sensitive security. 3) Legal/Regulatory compliance. 4) Environmental concerns. 5) Resource recovery. 6) Infectious Wastes.
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Balkowski, Chantal, Vasile Mioc, Cristiana Dumitrache et Nedelia A. Popescu. « Astronomy Education in France ». Dans EXPLORING THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE UNIVERSE. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2993711.
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Chaloupka, Ondrej, et Michal Kriska - Dunajsky. « EXTERNAL INFLUENCES AFFECTING THE HYDRAULICS OF AUTOMATIC SIPHONS FOR VERTICALLY FLOWING FILTERS ». Dans 22nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/3.2/s12.09.
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In recent years, natural wastewater treatment wetland plants have been gaining more attention from researchers and the public due to their low operating costs and efficient way of treating wastewater. Treatment wetland plants with pulse-fed vertical flow filters are one of the most efficient treatment technologies. For optimum operation, intermittent loading of wastewater onto the filter surface is necessary, for which various types of automatic siphons can be used in addition to pumps. This kind of automatic siphons do not require electricity for their operation. The aim of the actual measurements was to specify the hydraulic characteristics of four different types of automatic siphons used in France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. In the course of the laboratory measurements, it was possible to define the basic hydraulic characteristics of the different technical solutions - e.g. maximum water flow, starting and shut-off water level, emptying rate and discharge flow. The measured values then lead to the determination of the total hydraulic losses of the device, while the limits and nature of the individual solutions are shown in comparison with each other. The results can be used for the design of the downstream hydraulic system of the distribution piping that is spread over the filter surface.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fee system in France"
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Bordo, Michael, Dominique Simard et Eugene White. France and the Bretton Woods International Monetary System : 1960-1968. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4642.
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Mugnier, Daniel. INFO Sheet A16 : Reference System, France Drain-back multi-family solar domestic hot water system. IEA SHC Task 54, septembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task54-2018-0006.
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Mugnier, Daniel. INFO Sheet A15 : Reference multi-family solar domestic hot water system. France. IEA SHC Task 54, septembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task54-2018-0005.
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Mugnier, Daniel. INFO Sheet A17 : Reference single family solar domestic hot water system for France. IEA SHC Task 54, octobre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task54-2017-0001.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. New Horizons of Predictability in Complex Dynamical Systems : From Fundamental Physics to Climate and Society. Meteoceanics, octobre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/211021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Discerning the dynamics of complex systems in a mathematically rigorous and physically consistent manner is as fascinating as intimidating of a challenge, stirring deeply and intrinsically with the most fundamental Physics, while at the same time percolating through the deepest meanders of quotidian life. The socio-natural coevolution in climate dynamics is an example of that, exhibiting a striking articulation between governing principles and free will, in a stochastic-dynamic resonance that goes way beyond a reductionist dichotomy between cosmos and chaos. Subjacent to the conceptual and operational interdisciplinarity of that challenge, lies the simple formal elegance of a lingua franca for communication with Nature. This emerges from the innermost mathematical core of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, articulating the wealth of insights and flavours from frontier natural, social and technical sciences in a coherent, integrated manner. Communicating thus with Nature, we equip ourselves with formal tools to better appreciate and discern complexity, by deciphering a synergistic codex underlying its emergence and dynamics. Thereby opening new pathways to see the “invisible” and predict the “unpredictable” – including relative to emergent non-recurrent phenomena such as irreversible transformations and extreme geophysical events in a changing climate. Frontier advances will be shared pertaining a dynamic that translates not only the formal, aesthetical and functional beauty of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, but also enables and capacitates the analysis, modelling and decision support in crucial matters for the environment and society. By taking our emerging Physics in an optic of operational empowerment, some of our pioneering advances will be addressed such as the intelligence system Earth System Dynamic Intelligence and the Meteoceanics QITES Constellation, at the interface between frontier non-linear dynamics and emerging quantum technologies, to take the pulse of our planet, including in the detection and early warning of extreme geophysical events from Space.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, et Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation ? Results from Year Fifteen of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, mai 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2024.2428.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report summarizes the results from the fifteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally representative sample of 2,522 respondents completed the online survey from February 7 to March 12, 2024. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 74% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, several options tested received support from more than half of respondents. Also, the majority of respondents supported variable mileage fee rate structure options; 62% preferred charging low-income drivers a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% preferred charging electric vehicles at a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run annually from 2010 to 2024, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, et Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation ? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.
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Echevin, Damien, Bernard Fortin et Aristide Houndetoungan. Healthcare Quality by Specialists under a Mixed Compensation System : an Empirical Analysis. CIRANO, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/cttw3290.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We analyze the effects of a mixed compensation (MC) scheme for specialists on the quality of their healthcare services. To do so, we exploit a major reform that was implemented in Quebec (Canada) in 1999. The government introduced a payment mechanism combining a fixed per diem with a reduced fee per clinical service. Using panel patient-doctor data covering the period 1996-2016 and including 320,441 patients, we estimate a multi-state multi-spell hazard model with correlated heterogeneity, analogous to a difference-in-differences approach. We compute three output-based quality indicators from our model. Our results suggest that the reform reduced the quality of MC specialist services as measured by the risk of re-hospitalization within 30 days after discharge and the risk of mortality within one year after discharge. These effects vary depending upon the specialty of the treating doctor.
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Weinstein Agrawal, Asha, Hilary Nixon et Adam Azevedo. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation ? Results from Year Fourteen of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2303.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report summarizes the results from the fourteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally representative sample of 2,531 respondents completed the online survey from February 13 to March 23, 2023. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and sociodemographic characteristics. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 70% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance or safety. With respect to mileage fees, around half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel. Also, the majority of respondents supported variable rate structure options that included 62% who supported charging low-income drivers a reduced mileage fee rate and 52% who thought electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run annually from 2010 to 2023, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily.
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, et Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation ? Results from Year Thirteen of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, avril 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2208.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report summarizes the results from the thirteenth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,620 respondents completed the online survey from January 31 to March 10, 2022. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, just under half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 58% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 53% thought that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2022, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily.