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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Feature-positive effect »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Feature-positive effect"

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Lindenblatt, Ulrike, et Juan D. Delius. « Preventing a Feature-Positive Effect in Pigeons ». American Journal of Psychology 101, no 2 (1988) : 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1422834.

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Rassin, Eric, Peter Muris, Ingmar Franken et Margrethe van Straten. « The feature-positive effect and hypochondriacal concerns ». Behaviour Research and Therapy 46, no 2 (février 2008) : 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.11.003.

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Hearst, Eliot. « The feature-positive effect in pigeons : Conditionality, overall predictiveness, and type of feature ». Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 26, no 1 (juillet 1988) : 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03334866.

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Beckmann, Joshua S., et Michael E. Young. « The feature positive effect in the face of variability : Novelty as a feature. » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes 33, no 1 (2007) : 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.33.1.72.

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Miller, James S., Sanders A. McDougall et James F. Zolman. « The ontogeny of the feature-positive effect in young chicks ». Animal Learning & ; Behavior 16, no 2 (juin 1988) : 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03209065.

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Lotz, Anja, Metin Uengoer, Stephan Koenig, John M. Pearce et Harald Lachnit. « An exploration of the feature-positive effect in adult humans ». Learning & ; Behavior 40, no 2 (21 décembre 2011) : 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-011-0057-z.

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Fiedler, Klaus, Christian Eckert et Cornelia Poysiak. « Asymmetry in human discrimination learning : Feature positive effect or focus of hypothesis effect ? » Acta Psychologica 70, no 2 (mars 1989) : 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(89)90015-2.

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Rassin, Eric G. C. « Reducing the feature positive effect by alerting people to its existence ». Learning & ; Behavior 42, no 4 (2 juillet 2014) : 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-014-0148-8.

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Allison, Scott T., et David M. Messick. « The Feature-Positive Effect, Attitude Strength, and Degree of Perceived Consensus ». Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 14, no 2 (juin 1988) : 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167288142002.

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Rusconi, Patrice, Franca Crippa, Selena Russo et Paolo Cherubini. « Moderators of the feature-positive effect in abstract hypothesis-evaluation tasks. » Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology/Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale 66, no 3 (2012) : 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028173.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Feature-positive effect"

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RUSCONI, PATRICE PIERCARLO. « Search and evaluation strategies in belief revision : psychological mechanisms and normative deviations ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18977.

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The procedures people adopt in order to seek out and use information have been the focus of empirical research since long in psychology, especially so from the late 50s. This dissertation addresses some key questions left unanswered by a series of seminal studies which date back to the 80s and the 90s on information-gathering and information-use strategies. We first dealt with the question-asking preferences that people exhibit in an abstract task of hypothesis testing. Specifically, we pitted against one another the tendencies to ask positive questions, wherein the confirming answer is expected given the truth of the working hypothesis, and to pose asymmetric queries, wherein the anticipated outcomes of a dichotomous question (i.e., “yes” and “no” answers) convey different amounts of information. Finally, we investigated whether or not people prefer either asymmetrically confirming queries (i.e., questions for which the confirming answer weights more than the disconfirming answer) or asymmetrically disconfirming queries (i.e., questions for which the disconfirming answer conveys more information than the confirming answer). We found a robust tendency to ask positive testing, in keeping with the literature, but neither a preference for asymmetric questions, nor a predominant use of symmetric testing. Furthermore, we showed, correlationally, that people are sensitive to the diagnosticity of questions, as some previous studies in the literature pointed out. Finally, it emerged an interaction between the positivity of questions and the confirming valence of asymmetric queries. A close analysis of the latter finding allowed us to undermine the possibility that people would try to maximize the probability of occurrence of the tested feature, while suggesting a less sophisticated strategy based on the consideration of an easily accessible feature, that is, the probability of a feature under the working hypothesis. After further deepening the study of strategies adopted in the testing phase of hypothesis development, we turned to the evaluation stage. Specifically, we addressed the finding emerged in previous studies of the relative insensitivity of people to the different diagnosticity conveyed by different answers (i.e., “yes” and “no”) to the same question in an abstract task. We showed that not only people might exhibit insensitivity but also oversensitivity to differentially informative answers, indicating a more general failure in information use than previously thought. We also addressed the issue of why people are either insensitive or oversensitive to answer diagnosticity. We provided evidence that an explanation based on the use of the feature-difference heuristic, which has been proposed previously in the literature and wherein people’s estimates are influenced by the difference between the likelihoods, seems unable to explain people’s behavior. By contrast, we found that people prefer to rely on an averaging strategies, in particular on the average between the prior probability and the likelihood. Finally, we investigated an aspect emerged but not directly investigated by previous studies on hypothesis evaluation, that is the feature-positive effect, wherein people tend to overestimate the presence of a feature as opposed to its absence. The results of three experiments with abstract tasks strongly confirmed that the hypothesized effect influences both frequency and accuracy of participants’ responses. We also found that participants exhibited some sensitivity to the formal amount of information, although only with respect to the present clues. Overall, the series of experiments presented in this dissertation contributes to better clarify how people search for information, by showing that they might rely both on formally relevant and formally irrelevant properties of the information they have at hand and by putting into question the alleged tendency to hypothesis confirmation, defined as a maximization of the probability of a confirming datum. Furthermore, these experiments help understand how people treat information, by specifying how people misweigh differentially diagnostic answers and showing that a psychologically compelling tendency, namely the feature-positive effect, might, at least in part, account for people’s information use.
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Prawatmuang, Woramon. « Effects of positive evidence, indirect negative evidence and form-function transparency on second language acquisition : evidence from L2 Chinese and L2 Thai ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270338.

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This study investigates second language (L2) acquisition of word orders and markers of collectivity in Chinese and Thai. One of the differences between Chinese and Thai is that Chinese nominal phrases appear with a “numeral + classifier + noun” word order while Thai phrases appear as “noun + numeral + classifier”. Another difference is that men, the Chinese collective marker, cannot be used with nouns referring to animals or indefinite nouns, while phûak, the Thai collective marker, can do so. Based on the cross-linguistic differences, an empirical study was conducted to answer whether Thai learners of Chinese and Chinese learners of Thai would be able to acquire target language (TL) structures that are different from those in their native language (L1) and whether they could reject incorrect TL structures. One hundred and forty-four participants were recruited to complete an acceptability judgment task and a self-paced reading task. It is found that both Chinese and Thai learners could perform native-like in their acceptance of TL word orders since early stages of acquisition. However, it took them until an advanced level to be able to completely reject incorrect TL word orders that resembled structures in their L1. Thai learners also faced difficulty rejecting the use of men with animal and indefinite nouns in their L2 Chinese. In contrast, Chinese learners tended to be successful in their acquisition of phûak. The results are interpreted in terms of roles of positive evidence and form-function transparency. In general, L2 learners tend to acquire a TL structure earlier when they can receive positive evidence in TL input and when a form-function connection of the structure is transparent. Nonetheless, these factors do not have an absolute effect on acquisition outcome since some learners may be able to use a probabilistic learning strategy to successfully acquire L2 knowledge even when positive evidence is unavailable.
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Livres sur le sujet "Feature-positive effect"

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Anjum, Rani Lill, et Stephen Mumford. Making a Difference. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733669.003.0015.

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One view of what links a cause to an effect is that causes make a difference to whether or not the effect is produced. This assumption is behind comparative studies, such as the method of randomized controlled trials, aimed at showing whether a trial intervention makes a positive difference to outcomes. Comparative studies are regarded as the gold standard in some areas of research but they are also problematic. There can be causes that make no difference and some difference-makers that are not causes. This indicates that difference-making should be taken as a symptom of causation: a feature that accompanies it in some, though not all, cases. Symptoms can be useful in the discovery of causes but they cannot be definitive of causation.
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Ward, L. Monique, Rita Seabrook, Soraya Giaccardi et Angie Zuo. Television Uses and Effects in Emerging Adulthood. Sous la direction de Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.26.

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Even though media platforms have multiplied in recent years, television viewing remains a prominent feature of the daily lives of emerging adults. The genres preferred and motivations for viewing are diverse, and many emerging adults report watching TV for relaxation, entertainment, and voyeurism. Despite their reasons for doing so, regular viewing of mainstream television content has many implications for emerging adults’ development. In this chapter, the authors review more than 150 studies that have examined television uses and effects among emerging adults. Overall, data gathered across both survey and experimental paradigms indicate significant effects in multiple domains, linking television exposure to higher levels of aggression, body dissatisfaction, alcohol consumption, sexualization of women, and the endorsement of racial, sexual, and gender stereotypes. The authors also review some positive effects on health beliefs and behaviors and discuss characteristics of the viewer and content that moderate these associations.
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Price, Laura, et S. John Wort. Pathophysiology and causes of pulmonary hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0168.

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the setting of critical illness may reflect the acute syndrome itself (such as acute massive pulmonary embolism or acute lung injury), and/or pre-existing ‘chronic’ causes of PH. To compound this, iatrogenic factors may also contribute to PH including the effects of positive pressure ventilation and certain vasoactive drugs. The presence of PH, especially when complicated by resulting right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure, is a poor prognostic feature in all settings. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of acute PH in critical illness, and pre-existing chronic causes of PH, including acute decompensation in patients with pre-existing pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Bacior, Stanisław. Optymalizacja wiejskich układów gruntowych – badania eksperymentalne. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-37-3.

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Rural areas are subject to constant structural, spatial and economic transformations. The main purpose of this monograph was to present a new concept of shaping of rural land arrangement that takes into account the land value. The presented optimization methodology of shaping of the rural areas has a general range of application, not being limited by time or place. of the location of the consolidation object. The only condition for its use is the availability of a specific set of output data enabling the necessary calculations for the implementation of consolidation works. The described method has been successfully applied to the research object of the Mściowojów village, in a registry area located in the Dolnośląkie voivodeship, in the Jaworski district, providing with the assumed effects. In order to meet the research objectives, the shaping of rural land arrangement was conducted according to five models. The original arrangement of existing land division in a given village is considered as the 1st model. The 2nd model uses a rather accurate description of the locations of the lands in the village. To define this feature the location of farm parcels had to be determined. This model is the most accurate, but also the most labor-intensive of all. In the 3rd model, a fundamental simplification of the land arrangement was adopted, limiting the distance matrix to its measurement to the entry points from the settlements into the complexes. This simplification means that the location of parcels in the complex does not affect the average distance to the land in the whole village. On the basis of simplifications applied in the 3rd model allowing a significant reduction of the distance matrix the 4th model which uses a linear programming to minimize the distance to a parcel was developed. Introducing into the linear model an additional condition that eliminates distance growth in farms in relation to the initial state was important for the research. This was implemented in the 5th model and had a positive impact on the obtained results. The 6th model was developed by including the landowners' wants into the 5th model. These had to be taken into account so that the research/the new land arrangement did not cause complaints. The wants could not be fully included due to their inherently contradictory nature. The wants for having the parcel in a given arrangement was replaced with a guarantee of division, after which landowner receives no smaller share than the prior one. As demonstrated in the work, the solutions of the developed models allowed obtaining land arrangements close to the optimal in terms of distance to land and the shape of parcels and farms with regard to land specifics. The presented results allow to draw a conclusion that the methods and analyses applied in the research can have a wide range of application in shaping of rural land arrangement. Developing the most socially accepted optimization of parcel division in the process of land consolidation is important due to the actual needs for the implementation of the rural land arrangement research. This may also have influence on better use of the EU's financial resources for the consolidation of agricultural lands.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Feature-positive effect"

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Dobelli, Rolf. « Feature-Positive Effect ». Dans Klar denken, klug handeln, 400–403. München : Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446445147.100.

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Kim, Byoung Gwan, et Hye Rin Shim. « Chunk Meets Image ». Dans Mobile Devices in Education, 508–29. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1757-4.ch030.

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This study investigated the optimal conditions under which foreign language learning takes place using a smartphone. The authors proposed that two factors, chunking and imagery, would increase language learning. On the basis of previous findings, they formulated three hypotheses: (a) the use of images will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; (b) the use of chunks will have a positive effect on learning English sentences; and (c) the combined use of images and chunks will have a greater positive effect on learning English sentences than either feature alone. A total of 92 Korean seventh graders participated in this study. To examine the learning effect of chunking (i.e., sentence segmentation unit) and imagery (i.e., visual aid) in an experimental setting, they produced a smartphone learning application that incorporated the two methods. The authors measured learning effect with respect to lexical memory retention (i.e., word retrieval ability) and word order composition (i.e., ability to arrange words according to standard English syntax). The results show that the main effects of both chunking and imagery were significant and that the interaction effect between the two on lexical memory retention was also significant. The interaction effect was greater in the delayed effect measurement than in the immediate effect measurement. These findings suggest optimal conditions for designing a smartphone-based, self-learning application.
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Ballal, Juili Milind, et Varadraj Bapat. « Socioemotional Wealth and Its Effect on Family Firm Performance ». Dans Handbook of Research on the Strategic Management of Family Businesses, 201–27. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2269-1.ch010.

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Family firm is the oldest and the most prevalent type of business entity in the world. A unique feature that sets apart a family business from its non-family counterparts is the Socioemotional Wealth (SEW). Preservation of SEW among family firms is of paramount importance. Various strategic choices including need for innovation and internationalization are influenced by SEW. Studies also show that a family firm's SEW plays an influential role in the firm performance. The This chapter outlines the different scales used to measure SEW, checks the reliability and internal consistency of the existing REI scale in Indian context, investigates the heterogeneity of family firms and understands the effect of different SEW dimensions on firm performance. The findings reveal that SEW has a significant positive effect on firm performance. Contributions of the study and scope for future research are also discussed.
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« Living with and beyond cancer ». Dans Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, sous la direction de Mike Tadman, Dave Roberts, Mark Foulkes, Mike Tadman, Dave Roberts et Mark Foulkes, 71–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701101.003.0005.

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Cancer survivorship, living with and beyond cancer, has become important, as more people live longer with cancer and its effects. A diagnosis of cancer affects the sense of personal identity, including any changes to the body, and this can be both positive and negative. People often make sense of these changes through the formation and sharing of personal narratives or stories about their experiences. This can have the effect of restoring a sense of coherence and continuity in the face of the biographical disruption caused by the illness. Some people find it helpful to think of cancer as a journey, with distinct stages, including diagnosis and treatment cycles. Initial reactions may be of shock, numbness, and disbelief. Living with cancer inevitably leads to a degree of uncertainty. Accepting this may be a step towards a more positive future. For many, a prominent feature of living with cancer will be fear of recurrence, and for some, this will become the reality, bringing new challenges to face, including the prospect of dying. Others find a deepening of personal relationships, and a re-evaluation of priorities resulting in changes in lifestyle and a greater sense of satisfaction with life.
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Wang, Lixiang, Lizuo Jin et Jun Yan. « Improve Object Detection with Knowledge Distillation ». Dans Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220232.

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Knowledge distillation is an effective method for model lightweighting. However, the previous distillation methods in object detection, in order to solve the problem of extreme imbalance between positive and negative examples, rely on manually adjusted hyper-parameters and lack generalization. And ignore the relationship information between different detection instances. Therefore, we propose a new distillation algorithm for the task. This algorithm automatically selects the Top k detection instances that need distillation most based on the network output, and fully considers the feature distillation based on the attention mechanism and the instance relationship distillation based on the Euclidean distance. Our results show that under various object detection frameworks, the student model has achieved a significant effect improvement with a lighter structure.
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Agarwal, Anshu S., Sailesh Suryanarayan Iyer, Alex V. Patel et Akash Saxena. « An Approach to Identifying Pre-Existing Chronic Conditions for Corona Virus Positive Patients Using Regression ». Dans Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 104–25. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4225-8.ch007.

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COVID-19 has various symptoms, and they are cold, cough, mild or high fever, and breathing problems for severe cases. In addition, it is in talk that diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular, asthma, and many diseases invite the virus. Machine learning and data analysis are considered best for predicting approaches for finding various aspects of the effect of the virus. In this chapter, the authors deal with symptoms that have been recorded in the dataset and try to find which pre-defined symptoms are considered effective or responsible in positive case of infection by coronavirus. The dataset has been taken from Kaggle. As the dataset is categorical in nature, the authors use correlation and logistic regression analysis to find the symptoms that prevail in the patient and have caused the infection in them. This is also about dimensionality reduction and feature selection where they are reducing the available features based on regression.
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Kilgus, Stephen P., et Nathaniel P. von der Embse. « General Model of Service Delivery for School-Based Interventions ». Dans Handbook of Behavioral Interventions in Schools, 106–33. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190843229.003.0007.

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Substantial research has been devoted to various models of intervention delivery within school systems. Multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS) is an educational service-delivery model in which all students are provided academic and behavioral supports that are matched to need and skill level. A key feature of MTSS frameworks is the ongoing use of data to inform treatment (i.e., intervention) decisions of increasing intensity. That is, MTSS frameworks are tiered models that provide universal (Tier I), secondary (Tier II), and tertiary (Tier III) supports that are explicitly matched to student need. Students’ responsiveness to interventions are then monitored in determining whether students require alternative supports of differing intensity. MTSS, in which intervention intensity is increased dependent on failure to respond to interventions of lesser intensity, has been found to be an effective intervention delivery model. The chapter describes the implementation of MTSS, including specific applications within a Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) model and Response to Intervention model. Finally, the chapter presents a general data-based problem-solving model that can be utilized to evaluate intervention effect across all levels of support.
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O’Hanlon Brown, Ciara, et Jonathan Waxman. « Hormonal therapy of prostate cancer ». Dans Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1622–34. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1149.

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Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to effect men and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Premalignant change or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia has been detected within the prostate glands of men under 30 years of age. The incidence of prostate cancer remains negligible until men reach their 40s from whence it rises steadily and by 80 years 70% of men have detectable tumours at autopsy (1). A majority of prostate cancers arise from the peripheral zone of the prostate and rarely cause obstructive symptoms. Consequently, prostate cancers have historically presented late, with symptoms of metastatic disease. The advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing has produced a stage shift so that at present over 90% of prostate cancers are diagnosed as organ-confined disease. PSA diagnosis has unmasked a subset of prostate tumours that exhibit an indolent growth pattern and appear destined to remain organ-confined tumours the patient dies with, and not from. US SEER data estimates a 50-year-old man has a 42% chance of developing prostate cancer but only a 3.6% chance of dying from the disease. Features, either clinical or molecular, which would allow clinicians to clearly differentiate indolent from aggressive disease while still at the organ-confined stage, have yet to be identified (1). Adenocarcinoma is the predominant histological subtype of prostate cancer, accounting for 95% of tumours. Prostatic adenocarcinomas arise from androgen receptor-positive epithelial cells. On histological examination, prostate cancers appear multifocal and demonstrate heterogeneity both within individual tumours and across populations. This has created an obstacle as researchers attempt to subclassify prostate cancer and identify the molecular defects responsible for driving prostatic carcinogenesis (1). Of prostate cancers, 80–90% are androgen receptor-positive at diagnosis (2), thus to date the androgen–androgen receptor axis is the sole molecular feature of this disease that has been successfully harnessed as a therapeutic target.
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Uden, Lorna. « Multimedia Instruction ». Dans Multimedia Technologies, 25–34. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-953-3.ch004.

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Multimedia technology is increasingly being used as a vehicle to deliver instruction. The terms “hypermedia” and “multimedia” are often used interchangeably. However, a distinction is sometimes made: Not all multimedia applications are necessarily hypermedia. A network representation of information is one of the defining characteristics of hypermedia. An instance of hypermedia consists of pieces of information connected in an arbitrary manner to form a network of references (Begoray, 1990). In this chapter, the terms will be used synonymously. There are many benefits for using multimedia for instruction. Studies have shown that computer-based multimedia can help people learn more information better than traditional classroom lectures (Bagui, 1998). Several factors have been attributed to the success of multimedia in helping people to learn. First, there is a parallel between multimedia and the ‘natural’ way people learn, as explained by the Information Processing Theory (Gagné, Briggs & Wager, 1988). The similarities between the structure of multimedia and the information processing theory account for a large part of the success of learning with multimedia. Second, information in computer-based multimedia is presented in a non-linear, hypermedia format. The nature of hypermedia allows learners to view things from different perspectives. Third, computer-based multimedia is more interactive than traditional classroom lectures. Interacting appears to have a strong positive effect on learning (Najjar, 1996). Fourth, another feature of multimedia-based learning is that of flexibility. There is empirical evidence (Najjar, 1996) that interactive multimedia information helps people learn.
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Linek, Stephanie B., Birgit Marte et Dietrich Albert. « Background Music in Educational Games ». Dans Developments in Current Game-Based Learning Design and Deployment, 219–30. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1864-0.ch016.

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Most game-designers likely stick to the assumption that background music is a design feature for fostering fun and game play. From a psychological point of view, these (intuitive) aspects act upon the intrinsic motivation and the flow experience of players. However, from a pure cognitive perspective on instructional design, background music could also be considered to be redundant information, which distracts from learning. The presented study investigated the influence of background music (present vs. not present) within an educational adventure game on motivational (intrinsic motivation, experienced flow) and cognitive variables (cognitive load, learning success). The results suggest a high motivational potential of background music. However, neither positive nor negative effects on learning were detected. Thus, background music can be considered as a motivating design element of educational games without negative side-effects on learning.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Feature-positive effect"

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Manilal, P. I., A. M. Al-Jumaily et N. Prime. « Effect of Pressure Oscillations on Neonatal Breathing ». Dans ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59090.

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Various methods of ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices have emerged to treat neonates suffering from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Among them is the Bubble CPAP device whose key distinguishing feature is the production of pressure oscillations, the presence of which has been suggested to offer added benefits to neonatal breathing. The mechanisms that cause these benefits, however, are not fully understood and many theories exist as to why pressure oscillations enhance the ventilation process. Using Simulink within Matlab environment, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the generation of pressure oscillations in the Bubble CPAP system and to investigate the mechanical response of the lung due to the pressure oscillations. Although the lung model incorporated in this investigation is simple, it gives a good trend of the lung behaviours under various pressure frequencies and amplitudes.
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Raghu Kumar, G., C. P. Reddy et V. Sathyamoorthy. « Effect of Pin and Subassembly Heterogenity in Sodium Void Worth Calculations ». Dans 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29547.

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Metal fuelled sodium cooled fast reactors are known to have high breeding ratio and short doubling time. Due to these features they play a very important role in the energy scenario, where higher power growth is required. Large sodium cooled fast reactors have positive sodium void coefficient, which is considered to be undesirable feature even though reactor safety can be established for all design based accidents like loss of flow and transient over power accidents. These types of fast reactors, which have harder neutron spectra are having higher sodium void coefficient compared to ceramic fuelled fast reactors. In many of the safety analysis the total sodium void is calculated and it is used in the safely evaluation. However the sodium in the metal fuelled reactor has got three parts, namely bonding sodium, coolant sodium and the sodium in the inter space of subassembly hexagonal cans. In the reactor accident scenario the behavior of these three components of sodium will be different and will effect the sequence of the accident. The finer details, of the fuel sub assembly, are modeled in to Monte Carlo code and the sodium void coefficient is calculated for each of the component for the fuel zones. This study will be helpful in improving safety of the reactor and also reducing the conservatism in the safely features.
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Daher, Rema, Francisco Vasconcelos et Danail Stoyanov. « A Temporal Learning Approach to Inpainting Endoscopic Specularities and Its effect on Image Correspondence ». Dans The Hamlyn Symposium on Medical Robotics : "MedTech Reimagined". The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2022.22.

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Computer vision has been utilized to analyze mini- mally invasive surgery videos and aid with polyp detec- tion, tool localization, and organ 3D modelling tasks. However, irregular light patterns such as saturation, specular highlights, or extreme contrasts occlude texture and hinder these tasks. In this work, specular highlights were removed and the occluded data was reconstructed. To do that, an unsupervised temporal generative ad- versarial network (GAN) was used to inpaint specular highlights spatially and temporally. Due to the absence of a dataset with ground truth occluded textures, the network was trained on the in-vivo gastric endoscopy dataset (Hyper-Kvasir [1]) with specular highlight masks that were automatically created and processed to act as pseudo ground truths. Ablation studies and direct comparison with other methods were used to show the improved results of our system. In addition, the results on various datasets show the generalizability of our net- work on different environments and procedures as shown in Fig. 1. Finally, experiments also show the positive effect of inpainting on other computer vision tasks under the umbrella of 3D reconstruction and localization in endoscopy including feature matching as well as optical flow and disparity estimation.
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Du, Liqun, Haijun Liu, Chong Liu, Shenmiao Zhu et Jiang Qin. « Study on the Uniformity of Micro Electroforming Mold Insert Used in Micro Fluidic-Chip Fabrication ». Dans 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21100.

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In the paper, a theoretical investigation was presented, which is used to explain the effect of pulse-reverse current on uniformity in micro-electroforming. And micro-electroforming experiments of two different pulse-reverse currents with gaps in positive direction were carried out correspondingly. The mold inserts used in micro fluidic-chip were micro-electroformed in these experiments, and its feature width is 90um. No backing process was adopted, which mainly consisted of three procedures. Two different pulse-reverse currents used in these experiments were pulse-reverse current with gaps in both positive and negative direction, and pulse-reverse current with gaps only in positive direction, respectively. The fundamental parameters of these experiments were summarized from lots of micro-electroforming experiments of pulse current. After experiments, comparisons were carried out between the results of pulse-reverse current experiments and pulse current experiment. Because negative current could erode the tips on electroforming surface, better uniformity was obtained in these experiments using pulse-reverse currents. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical investigation.
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Song, Zhouzhou, Zhao Liu, Can Xu et Ping Zhu. « Global Sensitivity Analysis for Field Response Based on the Manifold of Feature Covariance Matrix ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69086.

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Abstract In real-world applications, it is commonplace that the computational models have field responses, i.e., the temporal or spatial fields. It has become a critical task to develop global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods to measure the effect of each input variable on the full-field. In this paper, a new sensitivity analysis method based on the manifold of feature covariance matrix (FCM) is developed for quantifying the impact of input variables on the field response. The method firstly performs feature extraction on the field response to obtain a low-dimensional FCM. An adaptive feature selection method is proposed to avoid the FCM from singularity. Thereby, the field response is represented by a FCM, which lies on a symmetric positive-definite matrix manifold. Then, the GSA technique based on the Cramér-von Mises distance for output valued on the Riemannian manifold is introduced for estimating the sensitivity indices for field response. An example of a temporal field and an example of a 2-D displacement field are introduced to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method in estimating global sensitivity indices for field solution. Results show that the proposed method can distinguish the important input variables correctly and can yield robust index values. Besides, the proposed method can be implemented for GSA for field responses of different dimensionalities.
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Ramakrishna, P. V., et M. Govardhan. « Effect of Tip Clearance on the Performance of Forward Swept Subsonic Axial Compressor Rotors at High Stagger Angles ». Dans ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65103.

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Tip leakage phenomenon in axial compressors is sensitive to the flow incidence, flow coefficient, tip gap height and the pressure gradients. All these geometric/flow features are considerably altered by blade stagger angle. Literature on the stagger angle effects in compressors is scarce; and indeed, such studies for various tip gap heights have not been reported yet. The present paper reports the effect of rotor stagger angle on the performance of subsonic axial compressor rotor with different forward sweep configurations and for various rotor tip clearances. The computational model for the study utilizes finest hexahedral grids. A commercial CFD package ANSYS® CFX 11.0 was used with standard k-ω turbulence model for the simulations. CFD results were well validated with experiments. The following observations were made: At higher stagger angles, flow separates from upstream suction surface locations. Little tip clearance had a positive effect for certain stagger angle increments owing to beneficial interaction of leakage flows with the local flow field. However, severe performance loss was observed at higher stagger settings with large clearances. As the stagger angle was increased, vena contracta effect was highly reduced. At high stagger angles, the flow was observed to leak in a more “axially-reversed” fashion through the tip gap. The deep lowest pressure zones near the pressure surface of the tip are due to the effect of ‘vena contracta.’ Such zones near the suction surface edge of the tip are due to flow acceleration. This particular feature is directly correlated with the tip aerofoil loading and thickness-to-tip gap ratio.
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Saidi, Maysam, Hassan Basirat Tabrizi, Sina Chaichi et Majid Dehghani. « The Effect of Non-Continuous Inlet Air on Increasing the Segregation of Binary Particles in a Fluidized Bed ». Dans ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37281.

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Flotation of solid particles by means of fluids provides a widely used device known as fluidized bed. The ability of segregation of dissimilar particles due to the difference in their weight and exerted drag force is the motivation of this study to use fluidized bed as a separator. There are different parameters in a fluidized bed which affect the segregation. These include the inlet air, the bed geometry, and the particles properties such as size and density. To improve the segregation of particles, pulsated inlet air seems to be a good choice. Experimental procedure is conducted using a cylindrical fluidized bed. Effect of the composition, airflow rate and pulsating frequency are investigated by calculating the segregation efficiency. It is observed that segregation of the flotsam rich composition is better than other ones. Increase in segregation efficiency is attainable by increasing the inlet flow rate until the mixing starts, which is the cause of efficiency decrease. The main feature of this study is pulsifying the air flow with frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 Hz and investigation of its effect on the segregation efficiency. The significant increase in the segregation efficiency is achieved by changing the inlet air from continuous to pulsating. The positive effect of pulsation can be explained based on the higher peak velocity and the ability of diminishing the channel-like spaces.
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Paliwal, Manish, Brian Kern et D. Gordon Allan. « Evaluation of the Effect of Cement Viscosity on Cement Mantle in Total Knee Arthroplasty ». Dans ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67967.

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Aseptic loosening of the tibial implant remains one of the major reasons of failure in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The cement viscosity at the time of application to the bone is of great importance to ensure a long-term success of the arthroplasty, as it influences the cement penetration and stability of the prosthesis. Currently, there are number of cements available with a wide range of viscosities and set times. High viscosity faster-setting cements may significantly reduce operating room times. However, the concern is that this positive feature may be at the expense of decreased penetration into the bone, and hence reduced stability of the construct. The use of four cement types ((DePuy II (DePuy Inc. Warsaw, IN), Endurance (DePuy Inc. Warsaw, IN), Simplex-P (Stryker Corp Kalamazoo, MI), and Palacos (Zimmer, Inc, Warsaw, IN)) were compared and evaluated during TKA using surrogate tibiae, with respect to the depth of cement penetration according to the Knee Society Total Knee Arthroplasty Roentgenographic Evaluation System. On radiographic analysis of the implanted surrogate tibiae, it was found that Simplex had the maximum commulative penetration of 19.2 mm in seven zones in Mediolateral view, and 12.7 mm in three zones in anteroposterior view. In zone seven, the difference was statistically significant when comparing Simplex with Palacos (11 mm vs 4.6 mm, two-tailed P value = 0.035), somewhat significant with Depuy 2 (11 mm vs 6 mm, two tailed P value = 0.08), but the different was not significant when compared with Endurance (11 mm vs 10 mm, two-tailed P value = 0.6345). In Zone 5, the difference was statistically significant with Simplex vs Endurance (0.3 mm vs 2.2 mm, P = 0.028), and with Simplex vs Depuy 2 (0.3 mm vs 2.17 mm, P = 0.012). This study enhances the understanding of the relation between cement viscosities and cement penetration into cancellous bone during TKA.
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Xia, Henian, Nathan Keeney, Brian J. Daley, Adam Petrie et Xiaopeng Zhao. « Prediction of ICU In-Hospital Mortality Using Artificial Neural Networks ». Dans ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3768.

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This work aims to predict in-hospital mortality in the open-source Physionet ICU database from features extracted from the time series of physiological variables using neural network models and other machine learning techniques. We developed an effective and efficient greedy algorithm for feature selection, reducing the number of potential features from 205 to a best subset of only 47. The average of five trials of 10-fold cross validation shows an accuracy of (86.23±0.14)%, a sensitivity of (50.29±0.22)%, a specificity of (92.01 ± 0.21)%, a positive prediction value of (50.29±0.50)%, a negative prediction value of (92.01±0.00)%, and a Lemeshow score of 119.55±9.87. By calibrating the predicted mortality probability using an optimization approach, we can improve the Lemeshow score to 27.51±4.38. The developed model has the potential for application in ICU machines to improve the quality of care and to evaluate the effect of treatment or drugs.
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Kamat, Harishkumar, Chandrakant R. Kini et Satish B. Shenoy. « Numerical Study of Single Pad Externally Adjustable 120° Pad Bearing Using Fluid Structure Interaction ». Dans ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-76427.

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Abstract High-speed turbomachinery like turbine generators and marine propulsion systems uses special fluid film bearing called externally adjustable pad bearing due to their great advantages. The principal feature of this bearing is to alter the radial clearance and film thickness along the circumferential direction to improve the bearing performance parameters. In the present study, the effect of radial and tilt adjustment of 120° pad both in upward (or negative) and downward (or positive) direction on the bearing performance is predicted for various eccentricity ratios using the CFD technique. Later the influence of fluid film pressure on the bearing pad is examined using the FSI technique. Furthermore, the effect of eccentricity ratio on the bearing performance and also on pad structure is also analyzed using CFD coupled FSI analysis. The solution technique of the present numerical analysis is validated with the already published literature and the results are in good agreement. The numerical results suggest that for bearing with negative radial and negative tilt adjustment, bearing performance is superior compared to the other adjustments. However, the structural deformation is also significant for the negative radial and negative tilt adjustment. It is also observed that pad deformation increases with the increase in eccentricity ratio as there has been a rise in fluid film pressure.
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