Articles de revues : « Fe-Cr-Co magnets »

1

Jin, S., et G. Chin. « Fe-Cr-Co magnets ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, n^o 5 (septembre 1987) : 3187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065353.

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Liu, Mei-Jiao, Kong-Qiu Hu, Cai-Ming Liu, Ai-Li Cui et Hui-Zhong Kou. « Metallocyclic Ni4Ln2M2 single-molecule magnets ». Dalton Transactions 46, n^o 20 (2017) : 6544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00948h.

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Magnetic studies on nine new octanuclear cyclic heterotrimetallic complexes reveal that in comparison with analogous octanuclear complexes [Ni₄Dy₂M₂] (M³⁺ = Fe, W and Co), the [Ni₄Dy₂Cr₂] species show the highest energy barrier and the [Ni₄Tb₂M₂] (M = Cr or Fe) complexes display single-molecule magnetic properties.

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He, Yazhou, Hao Zhang, Hang Su, Peng Shen, Yaqing Hou et Dong Zhou. « In Situ Alloying of Fe-Cr-Co Permanent Magnet by Selective Laser Melting of Elemental Iron, Chromium and Cobalt Mixed Powders ». Metals 12, n^o 10 (29 septembre 2022) : 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12101634.

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Fe-25Cr-15Co (wt.%) permanent magnets were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and in situ alloying from a blend of Fe, Cr and Co elemental powders. Under the optimal laser scanning process, the as-built Fe-25Cr-15Co alloy has a homogeneous composition distribution without defects such as holes or un-melted particles, and presents a single α phase with the bcc crystal structure. The density of as-built samples was 7.705 g/cm3 (the relative density is 99.32%). The preferred magnetic properties of the sample in the isotropic state were obtained as Hc = 22.84 kA/m, Br = 0.86 T and (BH)max = 7.98 kJ/m3. The hardness and yield strength of Fe-25Cr-15Co permanent magnets are above 331.5 HV and 800 MPa, respectively. The results of this study verified the feasibility of fabricating Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnets by SLM in situ alloying and can be extended to a wide range of applications that require complex shapes with variable magnetic circuit characteristics or gradient structures.

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Jakubowicz, J., A. Szlaferek et M. Jurczyk. « Magnetic properties of nanostructured Nd2(Fe,Co,Cr)14B/α-Fe magnets ». Journal of Alloys and Compounds 283, n^o 1-2 (février 1999) : 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(98)00869-x.

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Okada, M., R. Togashi, S. Sugimoto et M. Homma. « Radially induced magnetic anisotropy in Fe‐Cr‐Co permanent magnets ». Journal of Applied Physics 64, n^o 10 (15 novembre 1988) : 5732–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342241.

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Ushakova, Olga, et Raisa Malinina. « Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe-Cr-Co Alloys for Permanent Magnets ». Solid State Phenomena 190 (juin 2012) : 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.238.

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The magnetic properties of alloy containing Fe and 30%Cr, 15 % Co with addition of 3 % Mo after cold rolling were analyzed. It was shown that Hc of Fe-Cr-Co-Mo alloys with cubic texture of recrystallization increases up to 30 %: Hc = 76 kA/m. It was concluded that additional reserves of magnetic properties are created with a more perfect crystallographic and magnetic texture during the recrystallization process.

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Chen, Zhongmin, Yong Zhang, George C. Hadjipanayis, Qun Chen et Baomin Ma. « Exchange coupled R2(Fe,Co,Nb)14B/(Fe,Co) (R=Nd,Pr) and Sm2(Fe,Co,Cr)17C2/(Fe,Co) nanocomposite magnets ». Journal of Alloys and Compounds 287, n^o 1-2 (juin 1999) : 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(99)00038-9.

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Akbar, S., Z. Ahmad, M. S. Awan, M. Farooque et A. Ali. « Development of Fe-Cr-Co Permanent Magnets by Single Step Thermo-Magnetic Treatment ». Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (mai 2012) : 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.507.

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The present work is focused on a new approach for the development of Fe-Cr-Co based permanent magnets. Fe-Cr-Co alloy was prepared by using tri arc melting technique under inert atmosphere of Argon. Solution treatment was done at a temperature of 1250°C for five hours followed by water quenching and then a single step thermo-magnetic treatment (TMT) was applied at predetermined cooling rates. The influence of TMT and cooling rates on the final magnetic properties of the alloy were investigated. The results reveal that microstructure and magnetic properties were sensitive to both cooling rates & TMT and can be optimized by controlling the processing conditions. The optimum magnetic properties in the alloy with two different cooling rates of 1°C per minute and 2°C per minute were obtained as (i) 1010 Oe (Hc), 9400 G (Br), 3.4 MGOe (BHmax) (ii) 810 Oe (Hc), 10590 G (Br), 3.6 MGOe (BHmax) respectively. The above method provides a quick and low cost manufacturing route for the Fe-Cr-Co based permanent magnets with comparable magnetic properties to that of Alnico with added advantage of having high ductility.

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Efremov, D. B., et A. A. Gerasimova. « Production of magnets from the material of Fe - Cr - Co system by selective laser sintering ». Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, n^o 10 (24 novembre 2021) : 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-721-727.

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The article presents results of the study of possibilities of selective laser melting (SLM), or so-called additive technologies, for production of permanent magnets. This process makes it possible to produce not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products using layer-by-layer addition of material and binding of particles and layers to each other. An alloy based on Fe - Cr - Co system has been chosen as the material for evaluation of the compared technologies for permanent magnets production. The application fields of selective laser melting (SLM/SLP) were considered. The powders obtained by different methods are taken for the research. Classical technology of magnetic alloy casting also was analyzed. The studies of magnetic materials and comparisons of the properties of powder magnets with standard data were carried out. On the basis of 25Kh15KA alloy powder sprayed by gas atomization, permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59 - 7.55 g/cm3 can be manufactured at the SLP plant. They meet the requirements recommended by the state standard GOST 24897 - 81, and achieve characteristics of magnets made by classical metallurgical technologies. To study the magnetic and physical properties, four samples were produced with the same geometry in the shape of a cube. During production of each of the test samples, different operating modes of the plant were selected. Samples were made on the basis of the “Kurchatov Institute” NRS enterprise (the “Prometheus” Central Research Institute of Construction Materials) as part of the NIO-35 technological complex. It was established that characteristics of the powders obtained by gas atomization qualitatively exceed characteristics of the powders obtained by other methods, and the produced magnets meet all the requirements for magnets.

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Efremov, D. V., et A. A. Gerasimova. « Production of Fe–Cr–Co-Based Magnets by Selective Laser Sintering ». Steel in Translation 51, n^o 10 (octobre 2021) : 688–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091221100028.

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Reguera, E., J. Rodriguez-Hernandez, C. Tellez et M. Centeno. « On the Low Stability of Molecular Magnets Based on Transition Metal Hexacyanochromates (III) ». Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 224, n^o 06 (1 juillet 2010) : 807–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.2010.5496.

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AbstractIn the research area of molecular magnets for Prussian blue analogues interesting and unusual effects have been observed, particularly for mixed transition metal salts of the hexacyanochromate (III) anion, TA3-xTBx[Cr(CN)6]2·yH2O. For single metal salts, T3[Cr(CN)6]2·yH2O, with T = Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Co(2+), three paramagnetic ions where long range magnetic order is observed, the materials show low stability. The structural change can be envisaged as a flipping of the CN ligand, from T-N≡C-Cr-C≡N-T to Cr-N≡C-T-C≡N-Cr. The material containing these metals (Mn, Fe, Co) could be partially stabilized by the incorporation of a second metal that does not form stable hexacyano complexes (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd). In this contribution such possibility is explored. The role of the porous framework in the material low stability is also discussed. For analog compact solids, TCs[Cr(CN)6], a relatively high stability on aging was observed. The study of the mixed compositions is preceded by a structural characterization of the simple series where the effect of the crystal water removal is also considered.

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Mukai, T., et T. Furukawa. « Magnetic properties and microstructures of Fe‐Cr‐Co‐base cold‐rolled magnets ». Journal of Applied Physics 61, n^o 8 (15 avril 1987) : 3775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338639.

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Jakubowicz, J., et M. Giersig. « Structure and magnetic properties of Nd2(Fe,Co,Al,Cr)14B/α-Fe nanocomposite magnets ». Journal of Alloys and Compounds 349, n^o 1-2 (février 2003) : 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00907-6.

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Herrera, J. M., A. Bachschmidt, F. Villain, A. Bleuzen, V. Marvaud, W. Wernsdorfer et M. Verdaguer. « Mixed valency and magnetism in cyanometallates and Prussian blue analogues ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, n^o 1862 (17 septembre 2007) : 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2145.

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Prussian blue (PB) is a well-known archetype of mixed valency systems. In magnetic PB analogues {C x A y [B(CN) 6 ] z }. n H 2 O (C alkali cation, A and B transition metal ions) and other metallic cyanometallates {C x (AL) y [B(CN) 8 ] z }. n H 2 O (L ligand), the presence of two valency states in the solid (either A–B, or A–A′ or B–B′) is crucial to get original magnetic properties: tunable high Curie temperature magnets; photomagnetic magnets; or photomagnetic high-spin molecules. We focus on a few mixed valency pairs: V(II)/V(III)/V(IV); Cr(II)/Cr(III); Fe(II)–Fe(III); Co(II)–Co(III); Cu(I)–Cu(II); and Mo(IV)/Mo(V), and discuss: (i) the control of the degree of mixed valency during the synthesis, (ii) the importance of mixed valency on the local and long-range structure and on the local and macroscopic magnetization, and (iii) the crucial role of the cyanide ligand to get these original systems and properties.

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Menushenkov, Vladimir P., et Vladimir S. Shubakov. « Effect of Secondary Decomposition on Coercivity of Fe-Co-Cr Alloys with 15% Co ». Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (juillet 2015) : 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.623.

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The microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe-Co-Cr alloys with 15 wt % Co were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The secondary decomposition within both the α2-phase matrix and the α1-phase particles was observed for magnets subjected thermo-magnetic treatment and subsequent stepped aging or continuous-cooling treatments. During high-temperature treatments (630-600оC), when the α2phase is dominant (the volume fraction is more than 50%), the secondary decomposition of this phase takes place (α2→ α1'+ α2'). The deterioration of magnetic insulation of α1-phase particles results in the decrease in the coercive force of alloys. Below 600оC, when the α1phase is dominant (the volume fraction is more than 50%), the splitting of elongated α1-phase particles occurs. When the temperature of stepped-aging decreases in high steps, the secondary decomposition (α1→ α1'+ α2') leads to the splitting of initial α1-phase particles into fine slightly elongated particles and the decrease in the coercive force.

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Akbar, S., Z. Ahmad, M. S. Awan, M. N. Sarwar et M. Farooque. « Single Step Heat Treatment Cycle for Development of Isotropic Fe-Cr-Co Magnets ». Key Engineering Materials 510-511 (mai 2012) : 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.510-511.315.

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This study is focused on the development of isotropic Fe-Cr-Co based permanent magnets. Two compositions Fe-25Co-30Cr-3.5Mo-0.8Ti-0.8 and Fe-24 Co-32Cr-0.5Si-0.8V-0.8Ti were tried to optimize by adjusting heat treatment cycle. A modified single step heat treatment cycle was established which made processing easy and quick. Alloys were prepared in tri-arc melting furnace under inert atmosphere of Argon. Samples were solution treated at 1250 °C for 5 hours followed by water quenching. Then a spinodal decomposition heat treatment cycle in the temperature range 620 645 °C was applied in order to produce magnetism in this material. Samples were characterized for metallographic, chemical, structural and magnetic properties using Optical microscope, Scanning electron microscope equipped with Energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer and DC magnetometer. This study reveals that magnetic properties are sensitive to the spinodal decomposition temperature. Only + 5 °C change in temperature from optimum temperature can cause remarkable attenuation in magnetic properties. Magnetic properties of the alloys were achieved by controlling the spinodal decomposition temperature and subsequent cooling rate. The best magnetic properties in Mo and V containing alloys were obtained as 880 Oe (Hc), 7960 G (Br), 2.3 MGOe (BHmax) and 700 Oe (Hc), 7750 G (Br), 1.8 MGOe (BHmax), respectively.

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Ushakova, O. A., E. H. Dinislamova, M. V. Gorshenkov et D. G. Zhukov. « Structure and magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Co nanocrystalline alloys for permanent magnets ». Journal of Alloys and Compounds 586 (février 2014) : S291—S293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.12.076.

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Marieva, M. A., et A. A. Shatsov. « Prediction of the concentration inhomogeneity of powder magnetic hard alloys based on the Fe-Cr-Co-Mo system and the effect of Sm additions on their magnetic properties ». Powder Metallurgy аnd Functional Coatings, n^o 1 (14 mars 2023) : 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1997-308x-2023-1-12-20.

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Hysteresis alloys based on Fe-Cr-Co system are extensively used in the instrument-making industry as a material for synchronous motors of navigation systems, in the electronic industry, and other mechanical engineering fields. The following requirements are imposed on Fe-Cr-Co alloys: temperature stability of magnetic characteristics over time, manufacturability, low porosity and concentration inhomogeneity, which allow to obtain high-quality magnetic and mechanical properties. Materials based on conventional alloying systems, such as Fe-Cr-Co, have outlived themselves. An urgent line of the development of new materials and improvement of the properties of existing ones is alloying with rare-earth metals. The effect produced by Sm addition on powder analogs of Fe-Cr-Co system remains unstudied. In this paper, 22Kh15K4MS powder magnetic hard alloy alloyed with samarium in an amount of 0.5 wt. % was studied. The billets were obtained by cold pressing at a pressure of 600 MPa followed by vacuum sintering. The concentration inhomogeneity of Cr, Co, Mo, Sm was determined after 12 different sintering modes. A model of diffusion homogenization of ridge alloys, which allows to numerically evaluate the effect of sintering modes on the concentration inhomogeneity, was plotted. The distributions of chromium, cobalt, and molybdenum correspond to the asymptotically logarithmically normal law. Samarium is unevenly distributed in the structure. The effect of samarium additions on the magnetic properties of the alloy has been demonstrated. The alloying of 22Kh15K4MS alloy with 0.5 wt. % of samarium allows to obtain powder hysteresis magnets with a coercive force in the range from 3.9 to 33.0 kA/m and a residual magnetic induction from 0.44 to 0.95 T.

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Vintaikin, B. E., et E. V. Sidorov. « Preparation of single crystal magnets from alloys of the system Fe-Cr-Co-Mo ». Metal Science and Heat Treatment 32, n^o 1 (janvier 1990) : 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00780428.

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Matsumoto, Hiroyuki, Teruhiko Fujiwara, Nobuyuki Ikuta, Kazuya Konno, Toshio Nomoto, Makoto Matsuura, Hisashi Kaga et Sirou Takahashi. « Microstructures and Magnetic Properties of Sintered Fe-Cr-Co Type Magnets using Spark Plasma Sintering ». Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 51, n^o 7 (2004) : 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.51.554.

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Kim, D. H., et G. Hadjipanayis. « Spin reorientation in (Pr,RE)–(Co,TM)–B magnets (RE=Tb,TM=Fe,Cr,Mn) ». Journal of Applied Physics 83, n^o 11 (juin 1998) : 7124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367714.

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Akbar, Shakeel, Muhammad Saifullah Awan, Muhammad Aleem Aleem et Muhammad Nazim Sarwar. « Development of Mo Containing Fe-Cr-Co Permanent Magnets by Modified Single Step Thermomagnetic Treatment ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, n^o 8 (août 2014) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2309433.

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Szymura, S., H. Bala, Yu M. Rabinovich et W. Nowy-Wiechuła. « High-energy sintered (Nd, Dy)–(Fe, Co)–M–B (M = (Re, W, Zr), (Al, Cr), (Al, Cr, Nb)) magnets ». Journal of Physical Studies 3, n^o 1 (1999) : 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/jps.03.107.

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Arkhipenko, Alexandra Alexandrovna, Galina Evgenievna Marina, Marina Sergeevna Doronina, Natalya Alexandrovna Korotkova et Vasilisa Borisovna Baranovskaya. « X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Waste Sm-Co Magnets : A Rational Approach ». Recycling 8, n^o 6 (1 novembre 2023) : 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling8060084.

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Determination of the chemical composition of waste Sm-Co magnets is required for their efficient recycling. The non-stereotypical composition of said magnets makes an analysis extremely challenging. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a promising analytical tool for this task. It offers high accuracy and simplicity of sample preparation as it does not require sample dissolution. However, a serious limitation of X-ray fluorescence analysis is the spectral interference of matrix elements and impurities. In this work, a two-stage technique has been developed for the determination of the main components (Sm, Co) and impurities (Fe, Cu, Zr, Hf, Ti, Ni, Mn, Cr) in samples of spent samarium–cobalt magnets using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In order to overcome the main limitation of the chosen method and to maximize its capabilities of qualitative and quantitative analysis, we propose an approach to the selection of analytical lines and experimental conditions, as well as a preparation method for the calibration standards. The obtained results have been shown to have a good correlation with ICP-OES. The limits of detection are in the range of 0.001–0.02 wt%, and the limits of quantification are 0.003–0.08 wt%.

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Ahmad, Zubair, A. ul Haq, Mi Yan et Zafar Iqbal. « Evolution of phase, texture, microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Co–Mo–Ti permanent magnets ». Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 324, n^o 15 (août 2012) : 2355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.02.040.

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Matsumoto, H., N. Ikuta, T. Fujiwara, K. Konno, T. Nomoto, M. Matsuura, H. Taketomi, H. Yoshikawa, S. Takahashi et H. Kaga. « Microstructures and magnetic properties of spark plasma sintered Fe–Cr–Co type and Sm2Co17 type magnets ». Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 272-276 (mai 2004) : E1873—E1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.12.893.

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Sugimoto, S., H. Satoh, M. Okada et M. Homma. « Evolution Process of ⟨100&rang ; Texture in Fe–Cr–Co–Mo Permanent Magnets ». Materials Transactions, JIM 32, n^o 6 (1991) : 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans1989.32.557.

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Szymura, S., Yu M. Rabinovich, V. V. Sergeev, H. Bala et D. V. Pokrovskii. « Structure and magnetic properties of (Nd, Dy)-(Fe, Co)-B magnets with Al, Cr and Nb additions ». Journal de Physique III 1, n^o 10 (octobre 1991) : 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp3:1991218.

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Gao, R. S., L. Zhen, G. A. Li, C. Y. Xu et W. Z. Shao. « Effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of NdFeB and Fe–Cr–Co permanent magnets ». Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 302, n^o 1 (juillet 2006) : 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2005.09.018.

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Sugimoto, S., J. Honda, Y. Ohtani, M. Okada et M. Homma. « Improvements of the magnetic properties of equiaxed Fe-Cr-Co-Mo hard magnets by two-step thermomagnetic treatment ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, n^o 5 (septembre 1987) : 3193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1987.1065254.

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Bala, H., S. Szymura, Yu M. Rabinovich, V. V. Sergeev, G. Pawłowska et D. V. Pokrowskii. « Studies on sintered permanent magnets RE-Fe-M-Co-B (RE = Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb ; M = Si, Al, Cr) ». Revue de Physique Appliquée 25, n^o 12 (1990) : 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rphysap:0199000250120120500.

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Gridnev, A. I., V. S. Rastegaev et I. P. Stadnik. « Formation of multi-polar crystalline and magnetic grain orientation for manufacturing one-piece rotor magnets from Nd-Fe-B alloy and monocrystalline Fe-Co-Cr ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 25, n^o 5 (1989) : 3896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.42464.

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Lin, K. D., U. C. Tzuoo, J. Y. Tung et T. S. Chin. « Effect of refractory additives on coercivity of sintered (Nd, Dy)(Fe, Co) BM magnets (M=Cr/W/Zr/Nb/Ta) (abstract) ». Journal of Applied Physics 70, n^o 10 (15 novembre 1991) : 6375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349947.

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Gavrikov, I. S., B. D. Chernyshev, A. V. Kamynin, A. A. Everstov, B. Yu Belonozhkin et V. S. Kraposhin. « Fabrication of Granulate from a Fe – Cr – Co Alloy with Reduced Cobalt Content for Synthesizing Permanent Magnets by the MIM Process ». Metal Science and Heat Treatment 62, n^o 7-8 (novembre 2020) : 513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-020-00594-1.

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Coronado, Eugenio, José-Ramón Galán-Mascarós, Carlos-José Gómez-García, Jürgen Ensling et Philipp Gütlich. « Hybrid Molecular Magnets Obtained by Insertion of Decamethylmetallocenium Cations into Layered, Bimetallic Oxalate Complexes : [ZIIICp*2][MIIMIII(ox)3] (ZIII=Co, Fe ; MIII=Cr, Fe ; MII=Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn ; ox=oxalate ; Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) ». Chemistry - A European Journal 6, n^o 3 (4 février 2000) : 552–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(20000204)6:3<552 ::aid-chem552>3.0.co;2-u.

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Yusupov, V. S., A. I. Milyaev, Galia F. Korznikova, Alexander V. Korznikov et J. K. Kovneristii. « Structure of Low Cobalt Alloy for Permanent Magnets of Basis System Fe-Cr-Co at Complex Two-Level Loading in Isothermal Conditions ». Materials Science Forum 539-543 (mars 2007) : 2928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2928.

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Results of experimental research into evolution of the structure and microhardness of the hard magnetic Fe-30Cr-8Co-0,7Ti-0,5V-0,7Si alloy during complex two-level loading (compression + torsion) in isothermal conditions at various temperatures in single-phase region are reported. It was revealed that the deformation leads to a strong refinement of initial coarse-grained structure in the whole volume of the sample, however the generated structure is non-uniform through the body of the sample. In an active zone of deformation, near to mobile head, there is a microcrystalline layer with a grain size of about 5 microns which thickness poorly depends on the formation. With removal from the active zone of deformation the grain size increases, and microhardness decreases.

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Bhatt, Pramod, S. M. Yusuf, Ranu Bhatt et G. Schütz. « Magnetic properties of nanoparticles of Prussian blue-based molecular magnets M 3[Cr(CN)6]2⋅zH2O (M=Fe, Co, and Ni) ». Applied Physics A 109, n^o 2 (19 juillet 2012) : 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-7050-z.

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Korneva, Anna, Galiya Korznikova, Rishat Kashaev et Boris Straumal. « Microstructure Evolution and Some Properties of Hard Magnetic FeCr30Co8 Alloy Subjected to Torsion Combined with Tension ». Materials 12, n^o 18 (18 septembre 2019) : 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12183019.

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The hard magnetic alloy FeCr30Co8 alloy was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by torsion combined with tension in the temperature range of 750 °C to 850 °C. This range of deformation temperatures corresponds to the α solid solution on the Fe–Cr–Co phase diagram. The study of the alloy after SPD by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques showed the formation of a gradient microstructure with fine grain size in the surface layer and precipitation of the hard intermetallic σ-phase. Next, the magnetic and mechanical properties of the deformed alloy after short annealing at 1000 °C and magnetic treatment were studied. A slight decrease in coercive force was found, along with a significant gain in plasticity and strength. The effective deformation temperature was determined to obtain the optimal magnetic and mechanical characteristics of the alloy. This method of deformation can be applied for the improvement of the mechanical properties of some magnets (high-speed rotors) which should have good magnetic properties within their volume while maintaining good mechanical properties on the surface.

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Coronado, Eugenio, José R. Galán-Mascarós, Carlos J. Gómez-García et José M. Martínez-Agudo. « Increasing the Coercivity in Layered Molecular-based Magnets A[MIIMIII(ox)3] (MII = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu ; MIII = Cr, Fe ; ox = oxalate ; A = organic or organometallic cation) ». Advanced Materials 11, n^o 7 (mai 1999) : 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4095(199905)11:7<558 ::aid-adma558>3.0.co;2-2.

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Coronado, Eugenio, José R. Galán-Mascarós, Carlos Martí-Gastaldo, João C. Waerenborgh et Piotr Gaczyński. « Oxalate-Based Soluble 2D Magnets : The Series [K(18-crown-6)]3[MII3(H2O)4{MIII(ox)3}3] (MIII= Cr, Fe ; MII= Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu ; ox = C2O42− ; 18-crown-6 = C12H24O6) ». Inorganic Chemistry 47, n^o 15 (août 2008) : 6829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic800418k.

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Korneva, A., M. Bieda-Niemiec, G. Korznikova, A. Korznikov et Krzystof Sztwiertnia. « Gradient Microstructure of FeCr30Co8 Hard Magnetic Alloy Subjected to Plastic Deformation by Complex Loading ». Materials Science Forum 702-703 (décembre 2011) : 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.702-703.344.

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Magnetically hard Fe-Cr-Co-based alloys are distinguished by their good ductility, excellent magnetic properties and low cost. Their superior magnetic properties are obtained by magnetic treatment and multistage tempering, which results in spinodal decomposition of the solid solution into the isomorphous α1 and α2 phases. However, the α1+α2 microstructure causes a reduction in the plasticity and strength of the material. It can often be advantageous for permanent magnets to maintain fine magnetic properties throughout their volume along while retaining good mechanical properties only in the subsurface layer. To improve the mechanical properties of the latter, FeCr30Co8 samples were deformed in tension combined with torsion. Loading was applied at 750°C, which ensured that the conditions for superplastic deformation were fulfilled. Here, we present the results of microstructure investigations of the samples treated in the aforementioned manner. Observations of the longitudinal section of the samples showed the formation of a gradient microstructure with the maximum grain refinement in the surface layer and the characteristic rotation of the elongated α phase grains from positions nearly perpendicular to the tension axis at the surface to positions tilted at approximately 45º to the tension axis inside the material. Deformation at superplastic conditions also activated precipitation of the σ intermetallic phase, particularly in the areas of highest deformation. The refinement of the microstructure and precipitation of the σ-phase resulted in a significant increase in hardness at the surface of the FeCr30Co8 samples.

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Tiefel, T., et S. Jin. « Processing for thin strip Fe-Cr-Co magnet alloys ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 21, n^o 5 (septembre 1985) : 1982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1985.1063974.

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Olszewski, J., S. Szymura, J. Wójcik et B. Wysłocki. « Phase Structure in Fe-Cr-Co Permanent Magnet Alloy ». Acta Physica Polonica A 85, n^o 1 (janvier 1994) : 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.85.205.

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Kubota, T., G. Wakui et M. Itagaki. « Hysteresis motor using magnetically anisotropic Fe-Cr-Co magnet ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 34, n^o 6 (1998) : 3888–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.728299.

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Tsung-Shune Chin. « Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet alloys for casting purpose ». IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 22, n^o 6 (novembre 1986) : 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.1986.1064702.

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Lu, Z. C., Z. Xianyu, B. G. Shen et J. Liu. « Magneto-volume effect of amorphous Fe(Co, Cr)Zr alloys ». Materials Science and Engineering : A 181-182 (mai 1994) : 1001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90788-9.

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Iwaizako, Hitomi, Masayuki Okugawa, Kenji Saito, Yuichiro Koizumi, Akihiko Chiba, Yuichi Tachiya, Manabu Ohnuma et Kingo Kuritani. « Spinodal Decomposition in Plastically Deformed Fe-Cr-Co Magnet Alloy ». Tetsu-to-Hagane 107, n^o 2 (2021) : 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2020-047.

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Bridonneau, N., G. Gontard et V. Marvaud. « A new family of hetero-tri-metallic complexes [M(CuTb)]n (n = 1, 2, ∞ ; M = Co, Cr, Fe) : synthesis, structure and tailored single-molecule magnet behavior ». Dalton Transactions 44, n^o 11 (2015) : 5170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt03757j.

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The synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties of a new family of hetero-tri-metallic complexes [M(CuTb)]_n (n = 1, 2, ∞; M = Co, Cr, Fe), exhibiting single molecule magnet behaviour have been reported.

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Gao, R. S., L. Zhen, Wen Zhu Shao, X. Y. Sun, D. Y. Zhu et R. G. Xu. « Magnetic Stability of Fe-Cr-Co Permanent Magnet Materials at High Temperature ». Materials Science Forum 475-479 (janvier 2005) : 2135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2135.

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Magnetic stability of a Fe-Cr-Co permanent magnet material at high temperatures has been investigated. Changes of microstructures and hyperfine field distributions after high temperature holding were analyzed by transimission electron microscopy (TEM) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results of experiments indicate that the changes of magnetic properties of the Fe-Cr-Co alloy tend to decrease, and then gradually keeps a certain level with increasing the holding time at high temperature. TEM observations show that microstructures of the alloy do not change distinctly after high temperature holding. Hyperfine interaction study through Mössbauer spectroscopy finds that the composition difference between α1 and α2 phases increases, and the composition of the two phases fluctuates. This study attributes the change of magnetic properties to element redistribution of Cr atom rather than the change of microstructure.

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Zhou, S. M., Y. H. Liu, L. Y. Chen, S. S. Yan, M. Zheng, Y. D. Wang, Y. X. Zheng et Y. H. Qian. « Magneto-optic properties in multilayers Fe—Si/Cr and Co—Nb/Pd ». Physica Status Solidi (a) 149, n^o 2 (16 juin 1995) : 733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211490224.

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