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Antonio, Pereira-Querol Marco, et Seppänen Laura. « Finding disturbances in on-farm biogas production ». Work 41 (2012) : 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0139-81.
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Martinez Cámara, E., F. Daroca Ponce de León, F. Sanz Adán, E. Jiménez Macías et J. Blanco Fernández. « Finding optimum reactive power compensation in a wind farm ». Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no 05 (mars 2007) : 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj05.265.
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Sterk, B., M. K. van Ittersum, C. Leeuwis, W. A. H. Rossing, H. van Keulen et G. W. J. van de Ven. « Finding niches for whole-farm design models – contradictio in terminis ? » Agricultural Systems 87, no 2 (février 2006) : 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.11.008.
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Ardini, Lilis. « Finding The New Concept Of Social Justice Farm Income in Indonesia ». International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 6, no 5 (29 octobre 2019) : 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v6i5.1097.
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This research aims to construct the farm income concept by considering the value of justice both social and religious. The research was conducted based on Islamic Paradigm using Kuntowijoyo’s Theory of Islamic Prophetic Social in understanding the social reality of sugar cane farmer. This research is a qualitative research method of analyzing Islamic prophetic social theory through the pillars of humanization, liberation, and transcendence. As the results of the sugar cane farmer, the study found spiritual values. The values are honesty, belief, Hablum minallah, and Hablum minannas. They are used in the formulations of justice peasants' profits by incorporating elements of Social Justice Value in to Net Farm Income formulation. This research ultimately proposes the new formulation and contributes to developing sharia agricultural accounting practices for making policies on agricultural accounting standards.
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Tazi, Nacef, Eric Chatelet, Youcef Bouzidi et Rachid Meziane. « Wind farm topology-finding algorithm considering performance, costs, and environmental impacts ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no 25 (5 juin 2017) : 24526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9377-7.
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Alzayn, Maryam, Jacqueline Findlay, Hannah Schubert, Oliver Mounsey, Virginia C. Gould, Kate J. Heesom, Katy M. Turner, David C. Barrett, Kristen K. Reyher et Matthew B. Avison. « Characterization of AmpC-hyperproducing Escherichia coli from humans and dairy farms collected in parallel in the same geographical region ». Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no 9 (15 juin 2020) : 2471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa207.
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Abstract Objectives To characterize putative AmpC-hyperproducing third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli from dairy farms and their phylogenetic relationships; to identify risk factors for their presence; and to assess evidence for their zoonotic transmission into the local human population. Methods Proteomics was used to explain differences in antimicrobial susceptibility. WGS allowed phylogenetic analysis. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify risk factors. Results Increased use of amoxicillin/clavulanate was associated with an increased risk of finding AmpC hyperproducers on farms. Expansion of cephalosporin resistance in AmpC hyperproducers was seen in farm isolates with marR mutations (conferring cefoperazone resistance) or when AmpC was mutated (conferring fourth-generation cephalosporin and cefoperazone resistance). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the dominance of ST88 amongst farm AmpC hyperproducers but there was no evidence for acquisition of farm isolates by members of the local human population. Conclusions Clear evidence was found for recent farm-to-farm transmission of AmpC-hyperproducing E. coli and of adaptive mutations to expand resistance. Whilst there was no evidence of isolates entering the local human population, efforts to reduce third-generation cephalosporin resistance on dairy farms must address the high prevalence of AmpC hyperproducers. The finding that amoxicillin/clavulanate use was associated with an increased risk of finding AmpC hyperproducers is important because this is not currently categorized as a highest-priority critically important antimicrobial and so is not currently targeted for specific usage restrictions in the UK.
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RANJAN, RAM. « HOW PROLONGED DROUGHTS AND FARM SUBSIDIES INFLUENCE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES BY FARMERS ». Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 20, no 04 (décembre 2015) : 1550025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946715500259.
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A conceptual model of entrepreneurial uptake by water-scarce farmers explores how farmers accumulate social and human capitals while managing multiple risks in current and future livelihood choices. Social networking and human capital accumulation differentially impact on successes in agriculture and entrepreneurial ventures. The risk of farm subsidy removal and the uncertainties associated with finding and succeeding in a suitable enterprise, present the farmer with difficult trade-offs in terms of which type of capital to accumulate. Results suggest that in the presence of multiple risks, farmers may act to increase their investments in human capital even when chances of finding a suitable business opportunity are low; whereas in some cases, they may accumulate higher social capital to enhance their farm subsidy support even under better chances of finding suitable business opportunities. Further, an increase in risk of agricultural unviability, by itself, does not automatically lead to farmers shifting to enterprise.
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Ciaian, Pavel, Jan Fałkowski et D’Artis Kancs. « Productivity and credit constraints : A firm-level propensity score evidence for agricultural farms in central and east European countries ». Acta Oeconomica 62, no 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 459–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.62.2012.4.3.
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Drawing on a unique farm level panel data set with 37,409 observations for period 2004–2005 and employing a matching estimator, this paper analyses how farm access to credit affects farm input allocation and farm efficiency in the CEE transition countries. We find that farms are asymmetrically credit constrained with respect to inputs. Farm use of variable inputs and capital investment increases up to 2.3% and 29%, respectively, per 1000 EUR of additional credit. Our estimates suggest also that farm access to credit increases the total factor productivity up to 1.9% per 1000 EUR of additional credit, indicating that an improved access to credit results in adjusting the relative input intensities on farms. This finding is further supported by a negative effect of better access to credit on labour, suggesting that these two are substitutes. Interestingly, farms are found not to be credit constrained with respect to land.
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Fertő, Imre, Štefan Bojnec et Szilárd Podruzsik. « Do Subsidies Decrease the Farm Income Inequality in Hungary ? » Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 14, no 2 (30 juin 2022) : 19–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2022.140204.
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The paper investigates the impact of different sources of income on farm household income inequality in Hungary using Farm Accountancy Data Network dataset for the period 2007-2015. The decomposition of the Gini coefficients by income sources is applied to focus on the impact of the policy shift from market to government support on farm household income inequality. Off-farm income are rather stable with a slight increase impact on farm household income inequality. Pillar 1 for direct income support subsidies have remained more important than Pillar 2 for rural development subsidies for farm income due to the importance of direct payments or single area payments for crop production. A slight increase in the importance of subsidies from Pillar 2 can be linked to a policy shift towards targeting farms in less favoured areas, and a greater role of agri-environmental and other rural development payments. The most striking finding is regarding instabilities, declining pattern, and for a large majority of farms negative market income. Subsidies from Pillar 1 reduced, while market income increased farm household income inequality.
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Wu, Karin, Hung-Hao Chang et Lih-Chyun Sun. « Agricultural disaster programs and family farm labor supply in Taiwan ». Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no 4 (5 novembre 2018) : 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-10-2017-0101.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of disaster relief payments on on-farm and off-farm labor supply of farm households in Taiwan. The effectiveness of the policy amendments of the disaster relief assistance programs is also examined.Design/methodology/approachA unique sample of 124,827 persons living in the family farm household in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014 was used. This sample was merged into the township-level administrative profile of all of the recipients of agricultural disaster relief payments from the Natural Disaster Program in Taiwan. A fixed effect panel data model was estimated to analyze the impacts of disaster relief payments on each individual’s labor supply decision.FindingsNatural disaster payments significantly reduced individual’s propensity to work on the farm. Moreover, the higher of the payments, the higher(lower) possibility of the individual to engage in on-farm(off-farm) work. In addition, an increase in the amount of disaster payments can increase the on-farm labor supply of family farm members.Research limitations/implicationsDue to data unavailability, an individual-level panel data set is not used. Future studies can check the robustness of the finding using an individual-level panel data set.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the limited empirical evidence on agricultural relief programs.
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Li, Chu-Shiu, Chwen-Chi Liu et Yuehua Zhang. « Determinants of agricultural household demand for insurance in China from 2004 to 2007 ». China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no 4 (6 novembre 2017) : 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-08-2017-0154.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the purchase of insurance and economic growth among agricultural households. Design/methodology/approach Using survey data of the agricultural sector obtained from China over two years, the authors highlight the effect of job switching between farm and non-farm activities on the demand for insurance by applying the difference-in-differences and triple differences methodologies. Findings The results show that compared with farm income, non-farm income is associated with an increased (decreased) demand for insurance among households in Eastern (Western) China. The inequality in degree of economic development between the regions plays an important role in this finding. Both education and income exhibit a positive relationship with insurance demand for most regions. In addition, in 2007, regardless of farm or non-farm sector, switches are (except in the northeast region) associated with a significant increase in insurance expenditures. Households who switched from the farm to non-farm sector in 2007 are significantly negatively associated with insurance expenditures in the western region. Social implications Inequalities in the degree of economic development play an important role in insurance consumption. Originality/value The authors assess the determinants of insurance market development in the agricultural sector in China, characterized by inter-regional disparities in economic development.
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Toushik, Sazzad Hossen, Anamika Roy, Mohaimanul Alam, Umma Habiba Rahman, Nikash Kanti Nath, Shamsun Nahar, Bidyut Matubber, Md Jamal Uddin et Pantu Kumar Roy. « Pernicious Attitude of Microbial Biofilms in Agri-Farm Industries : Acquisitions and Challenges of Existing Antibiofilm Approaches ». Microorganisms 10, no 12 (28 novembre 2022) : 2348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10122348.
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Biofilm is a complex matrix made up of extracellular polysaccharides, DNA, and proteins that protect bacteria against physical, chemical, and biological stresses and allow them to survive in harsh environments. Safe and healthy foods are mandatory for saving lives. However, foods can be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms at any stage from farm to fork. The contaminated foods allow pathogenic microorganisms to form biofilms and convert the foods into stigmatized poison for consumers. Biofilm formation by pathogenic microorganisms in agri-farm industries is still poorly understood and intricate to control. In biofilms, pathogenic bacteria are dwelling in a complex manner and share their genetic and physicochemical properties making them resistant to common antimicrobial agents. Therefore, finding the appropriate antibiofilm approaches is necessary to inhibit and eradicate the mature biofilms from foods and food processing surfaces. Advanced studies have already established several emerging antibiofilm approaches including plant- and microbe-derived biological agents, and they proved their efficacy against a broad-spectrum of foodborne pathogens. This review investigates the pathogenic biofilm-associated problems in agri-farm industries, potential remedies, and finding the solution to overcome the current challenges of antibiofilm approaches.
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Liao, Pei-An, Jhih-Yun Liu, Lih-Chyun Sun et Hung-Hao Chang. « Can the Adoption of Protected Cultivation Facilities Affect Farm Sustainability ? » Sustainability 12, no 23 (28 novembre 2020) : 9970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239970.
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Given the increasing threat of climate change to agriculture, determining how to achieve farm sustainability is important for researchers and policy makers. Among others, protected cultivation has been proposed as a possible adaptive solution at the farm level. This study contributes to this research topic by quantifying the effects of the use of protected cultivation facilities on farm sustainability. In contrast to previous studies that relied on small-scale random surveys, a population-based sample of fruit, flower and vegetable farms was drawn from the Agricultural Census Survey in Taiwan. Propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting and inverse probability weighting regression adjustment methods were applied. Empirical results show that the use of protected cultivation facilities increases farm profit by 68–73%, other things being equal. This finding is persistent when farms suffer from disaster shocks. Moreover, the changes in farm labor use can be seen as a mechanism behind the positive effect of the protected cultivation facility use on farm profit. Our findings suggest that agricultural authority can consider subsidizing farms to increase the adoption of protected cultivation facilities to mitigate the risks resulting from natural disaster shocks.
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Jha, Chandan Kumar, et Vijaya Gupta. « Do better agricultural extension and climate information sources enhance adaptive capacity ? A micro-level assessment of farm households in rural India ». Ecofeminism and Climate Change 2, no 2 (9 juin 2021) : 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/efcc-10-2020-0032.
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Purpose The farmers used several information sources to gather information about the climatic variability and modern agricultural practices to cope with climate change. The choice of adaptation strategies and the successful implication of adaptation strategies depend on accurate, timely information on the climate variability and precise technical details of adaptation strategies. By keeping the importance of climate information and agricultural extension information in the center, this study aims to conduct a micro-level evaluation of farmers’ choice of climate information, agriculture extension services and agricultural credit sources. This study’s primary objective is to understand how the different sources of climate information and agricultural extension influence farm household adaptation decisions. Design/methodology/approach This study has been conducted in three subs agro-climatic zone of the Middle Gangetic Plain region, which falls in India’s Bihar state. This paper has randomly selected seven districts from these three subs agro-climatic zone to collect the data. The analysis of this study is based on survey data collected from 700 farm households. This study has used descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model to assess the sources of climate information, agricultural extension and credit sources and how these sources influence farm households’ adaptation decisions. Findings The result of this study shows farmers are using different traditional (sharing experience, newspaper and radio), information and communication technology (mobile and TV) and institutional arrangements (agricultural officer and meteorological department) in the study area. The study’s finding identifies different farm households’ different sources and how these options farming farmers’ adaptation decisions. The study further revealed that institutional factors such as extension services and access to information on climate change increase the probability of adopting knowledge-intensive adaptation strategies such as soil conservation, water conservation, crop insurance and planting horticulture and vegetables. Research limitations/implications The study has conducted a micro-level assessment of adaptation behavior at the local level to understand the factor influencing the adaptation decision. This study’s finding is useful in designing the appropriate policy framework for the farm household’s capacity building to enhance their technical skills and awareness toward the institutional arrangements. Originality/value This paper’s finding pointed out institutional arrangements’ requirement to improve adaptive capacity to make long-term strategic decisions to cope with climate change.
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Miles, Carol A. « The Development of a Research and Extension Program for Sustainable Agriculture in Western Washington ». HortTechnology 10, no 4 (janvier 2000) : 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.682.
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Sales of organic foods are one of the fastest growing segments of Washington state's food industry. In response to grower demand for information on organic and sustainable production practices, Washington State University (WSU) created an Extension Agricultural Systems position. This position has been instrumental in helping WSU gain the trust and recognition of organic growers. The position enabled WSU to demonstrate that it has a commitment to organic and sustainable research and extension activities. This paper describes the key activities of this position: 1) finding out research needs, 2) on-farm research approaches, 3) formation of regional research programs, and 4) creation of the WSU Food and Farm Connections Team. Grant funded on-farm research, interdisciplinary teams, and extension publications have been major emphases of the position.
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Levins, Richard A., et Dale M. Johnson. « A Software Package for Teaching Farm Planning ». Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 21, no 1 (juillet 1989) : 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200001023.
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Abstract“Finding Your Agricultural Advantage” is a collection of four programs—one to generate case studies, one to do “trial-and-error” solutions, one to display linear programming solutions, and one to maintain case study data files. The four programs can be used together or individually as instructor preferences dictate in teaching farm planning. A step-by-step method for teaching with the software is presented as an example of its use.
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ESPINOSA-GONGORA, C., J. LARSEN, A. MOODLEY, J. P. NIELSEN, R. L. SKOV, M. ANDREASEN et L. GUARDABASSI. « Farm-specific lineages of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398 in Danish pig farms ». Epidemiology and Infection 140, no 10 (25 novembre 2011) : 1794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811002391.
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SUMMARYThe objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal complex (CC) 398 using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Dust and pigs at five age groups were sampled in six Danish MRSA-positive pig farms. MRSA CC398 was isolated from 284 of the 391 samples tested, including 230 (74%) animal and 54 (68%) environmental samples. PFGE analysis of a subset of 48 isolates, including the six strains previously isolated from farm workers, revealed the existence of farm-specific pulsotypes. With a single exception, human, environmental and porcine isolates originating from the same farm clustered together in the PFGE cluster analysis, indicating that spread of MRSA CC398 in Danish pig farms is mainly due to clonal dissemination of farm-specific lineages that can be discriminated by PFGE. This finding has important implications for planning future epidemiological studies investigating the spread of CC398 in pig farming.
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BLUFFSTONE, RANDALL, MARCO BOSCOLO et RAMIRO MOLINA. « Does better common property forest management promote behavioral change ? On-farm tree planting in the Bolivian Andes ». Environment and Development Economics 13, no 2 (avril 2008) : 137–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x07004044.
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ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes behavioral change spurred by better common property forest management (CPFM), with a focus on on-farm tree planting. Results from our theoretical household model suggest that on-farm trees, which provide products that can substitute for those from common forests, should be stimulated by better CPFM systems. We test this finding using data from a household survey conducted in the Bolivian Andes in 2000. We find that better CPFM at its highest level of aggregation is positively correlated with more and higher quality on-farm trees. In terms of less aggregated indices, relatively few variables are significant, though two particularly important aspects of forest property rights – access clarity and the existence of formal penalties for overuse – actually reduce on-farm tree planting. We therefore conclude that in general synergies between individual CPFM components are most critical for behavioral change, but improvement of property rights aspects of CPFM may give counter-intuitive results.
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Fikre, Seyfe. « Household Livelihood Strategies and Food Security in Angolela Tera District, Ethiopia ». Business and Management Studies 6, no 4 (6 décembre 2020) : 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i4.4977.
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Worrying about reduction of food insecurity directly or indirectly linked with the livelihood strategy. Food security of the household is a reply of available livelihood strategies. The aim of the study was to examine rural livelihood strategies and its effect on food security. This study examined the effect of household livelihood on food security in Angolela and Tera District by taking randomly selected sample of 256 household and multi-nominal probit regression was used. The household food security was measured by Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). The average HFIAS score was 5.5; lower score was recorded in farming livelihood activities and higher score was recorded in non-farm activities. Finding shows that relatively those respondents who engaged in farming activities were more food secure than those confined to non-farm activities and mixed activities. On the other hand, those household confined only non-farm livelihood were more food insecure. This call for policies and strategies provide the incentive/intervention for the household who are using non-farm activities alone in ensuring their food security in rural area. Government policies need to designed and implemented comprehensive strategies in order to keep non-farm household food security.
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Priyanto, Sony Heru. « A Structural Model of Business Performance : An Empirical Study on Tobacco Farmers ». Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 8, no 1 (12 janvier 2006) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5622.
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Few studies have been conducted on how farmers’ entrepreneurship affects their farm performance. However, factors of entrepreneurship have not been adequately explored by researchers. Textbooks and articles on farm management usually stress the importance of farmers’ management capability with respect to their farm output. Unfortunately, they have failed to relate management capability to entrepreneurship. This study was conducted using a multilevel analysis with Structural Equation Model (SEM) to know the causal relationships among environment factors such as the country’s economy, natural resources, institutions and organizations, individual backgrounds, entrepreneurship, management capacity, and farm performance. The cross-sectional data was obtained in 2003 from four dominant tobacco-producing districts in Central Java. The multilevel model –that relates external environment, entrepreneurship, and management capacity– can adequately represent the data to estimate farm performance.The results of the analysis indicate that factors like personal aspects, together with physical, economic and institutional environments, affect farmers’ entrepreneurship. Personal aspects turn out to be the dominant factor that determines entrepreneurship and farm performance. This study also shows that farmers’ entrepreneurship is affected by their management capacity, which, in turn, affects the farmers’ farm performance. While there is no doubt in the adequacy of the model to estimate farm performance, this finding invites further investigation to validate it in other fields and scale of business, such as in small and medium enterprises and other companies. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model in various contexts, further research both in a cross-cultural context and cross-national contexts using this model should be conducted.
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Lacy, J. K., William Hunter et Herman Huang. « Study of Farm Vehicle Crashes in North Carolina ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no 1 (janvier 2003) : 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-20.
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Crashes involving farm vehicles on the public roads in North Carolina have remained basically the same for 30 years. However, as the population continues to increase, some farmland near urban centers is developed into residential neighborhoods, which increases the likelihood that a farm vehicle will encounter other vehicles. This study provides a descriptive analysis of more than 3,000 farm vehicle crashes reported in North Carolina from 1991 through 1999. The study also includes a summary of 69 clinical examinations of farm vehicle crash sites and provides recommendations to decrease the frequencies of these crashes. A primary finding of the study is that rear-end and left-turn crashes make up more than 50% of the crashes. Other findings include the fact that the roadway and operation characteristics on primary highways are noticeably different from those on secondary roads. Because of the relatively small number of annual events and the potential effects on the agricultural industry, countermeasures need to be targeted. Recommendations include the following: a learner’s permit to operate a farm vehicle on the public highways should be required, all farm vehicles operating on public highways should be required to display the “Slow Moving Vehicle” emblem, the costs and benefits of requiring all new farm vehicles to have flashing beacons permanently fixed to the vehicle should be researched, and brochures that inform farmers on specific strategies to reduce farm vehicle crashes should be developed and distributed. These strategies include information on how to perform a wide two-point left turn and voluntary adoption of more stringent standards for their vehicle operators and equipment.
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Uddin, Mohammed Helal, et Nurul Islam. « Decomposing Rural Income into Sectors to Identify Their Likely Contributions to Rural Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh ». Asia-Pacific Journal of Rural Development 29, no 2 (décembre 2019) : 224–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1018529120914501.
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The article estimates the contribution of total income from each sector to the overall rural income. It tests if the poor, who are concentrated in the lower-income quintiles, gain most from farm or non-farm sources of income growth. Also, within the farm or non-farm income, what are the relative contributions of its different sources. The dominance of agriculture is still there for the lowest quintile of rural households, farming still being the dominant sub-category. Over 1991–2010, a 13 per cent decrease in per capita real income from agricultural wages for all rural households and a 41 per cent decrease in that for Quintile 1 rural households contradict the earlier finding that increases in real wages were one of the main contributors to poverty reduction. Quintile-wise decomposition suggests that a substantial income enhancement was realised at upper quintiles of rural households. It also appears from the quintile-wise decomposition that the efficiency enhancement was realised more at upper quintiles leaving a relatively smaller effect on poverty reduction.
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Akaninyene, Obot, Obiekwe Ngozi, Komolafe Joseph, Umeh Onyebuchi et Ude Kingsley. « Economic Wellbeing of Farming Households before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria ». International Journal of Pure Agricultural Advances 6, no 1 (29 septembre 2022) : 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55284/ijpaa.v6i1.702.
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The COVID-19 pandemic breakout affected every population and the agricultural sector in Nigeria was not spared from the pandemic. This was due to restrictions on mobility, interaction of people and reduced purchasing power of people. The demand and supply of the agricultural produce internally and externally were affected due to the measures adopted to contain the spread of the virus. Farmers were finding it difficult to obtain farm inputs like seedlings, fertilizers, herbicides etc. The pandemic caused the abundance and availability of these products, making it difficult for farmers to make profit. The paper examined the economic wellbeing of 400 smallholder farmers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using descriptive statistics and regression. The result from the research indicated that COVID-19 had a positive relationship with monthly farm expenditure, monthly food expenditure, monthly utility expenditure, number of farm visits, cost of fertilizer, number of food consumption per day, quantity of produce harvested, number of farm land cultivated and number of days spent on the farm. Monthly health expenditure, family allowances and cost of transportation were negatively related with the COVID-19 pandemic. In general, there was a significant difference between the economic wellbeing of farming household before and during the covid-19 pandemic in Nigeria.
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Saputri, Ghita Dwi, et Tri Hanifawati. « Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Golden Berry atau Ciplukan di Waida Farm ». Jurnal RASI 1, no 2 (9 janvier 2021) : 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52496/rasi.v1i2.42.
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Waida Farm is an agribusiness pioneer company that cultivates golden berries or ciplukan (Physalis peruviana) and successfully develops various processed products. To increase Waida Farm competitiveness in the future, the formulation of the business development strategy based on its internal and external environment is necessary. This study aims to provide an alternative of competitive strategy formulation with a deeper understanding of its internal and external environment. Data collected through semi-structured interviews and observations in the business environment. Data analyzed using descriptive method refers to significant findings from interviews and observation results. The formulation of alternative strategies conducted using IFE-EFE Matrix, IE Matrix, and SWOT Matrix analysis. The results show that the best alternative competitive strategy for Waida Farm is an intensive strategy through integrated market penetration and product development strategies. This finding provides several managerial implications for the companies described in the discussion.
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Busch, Gesa, Elisa Bayer, Achim Spiller et Sarah Kühl. « ‘Factory farming’ ? Public perceptions of farm sizes and sustainability in animal farming ». PLOS Sustainability and Transformation 1, no 10 (28 octobre 2022) : e0000032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000032.
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Farm sizes play an important role in increasing public debates surrounding the sustainability of agriculture, specifically of animal farming. While research cannot find consistent relationships between sustainability and farm sizes, the ‘small-is-beautiful’-hypothesis remains still prominent in public perceptions. The aim of this study is to deeply analyze public associations coming with small and large farms with a focus on sustainability issues, including animal welfare. We additionally consider the memory of media reporting on farms with different sizes, wishes for legal regulations on farm and herd sizes, and the persuasiveness of scientific results that disentangle farm size from sustainability aspects. To answer these questions, an online survey with 985 German residents was conducted in May 2021 and descriptively analyzed. Although the attribute ‘small numbers of animals’ range among the less important ones that constitute an ‘ideal animal farm’ (rank 10 of 12 attributes), the large majority of participants (75.8%) reveal a preference for small over large animal farms. This is backed up by the perception that small farms are advantageous in terms of good animal welfare, environmental protection and product quality, but disadvantaged when it comes to profitability. Additionally, negative media reporting on animal farms (remembered by 92%) is more frequently related to large farms (82.5%) whereas positive media reporting (remembered by 81.4%) are mainly linked to small farms by 56.8%. More than half of respondents wish for regulations that limit farm and barn sizes. Scientific results finding no relationship between farm size and animal protection or climate protection are convincing for only 33.0% and 39.8% of the sample, respectively. A large farm size acts as a proxy for farming systems with low animal welfare and conservation levels. This challenges communications about the future of farming with the public as it can be assumed that farm sizes will further increase.
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Matsubara, Takeo, Chi Thanh Truong, Canh Dung Le, Yoshiaki Kitaya et Yasuaki Maeda. « Transition of Agricultural Mechanization, Agricultural Economy, Government Policy and Environmental Movement Related to Rice Production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam after 2010 ». AgriEngineering 2, no 4 (17 décembre 2020) : 649–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering2040043.
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This study examines sustainable agricultural development in Vietnam by focusing on rice production in the Mekong Delta. Vietnam is the third largest rice-exporting country in the world and more than 90% of rice for export is from the Mekong Delta. We attempt to identify changes in the rice industry, specifically examining farming mechanization, trends in farm operation, and farm household economy. The main structure of our study is based on our direct interviews with 420 farmer households, 81 registered large farm owners, 75 farming service providers, and local government members. We carried out those interviews in 2013 and 2014. We identified several important changes brought by technological advances, economic modernization, government policies, and environmental movements. One important finding was the increasing trend of agricultural land per farmer household, such as from 1.98 to 2.27 ha in 2010 to 2018, and the decreasing trend of labor force, which pushed up agricultural mechanization. Another point was the land law revised in 2013, which allowed farmers to borrow (no private land ownership in Vietnam) farms up to 30ha/household if registered as a “Trang Trai” farm. Farmers accepted the use of tractors and combine harvesters; however, rice seed sowing was not mechanized, so rice transplanters were rarely used for rice planting. Among the processes of rice production, sowing of rice seeds was the least mechanized. In order to achieve more sustainable agricultural practices, we recommend improving the mechanization of the rice seed sowing process for the Mekong Delta farmers with acceptable conditions. Another finding was positive movements among Mekong Delta researchers and farmers to improve their rice quality to be accepted as high-quality rice in the global rice market and to dispel the bad reputation of the past.
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Croonenbroeck, Carsten, et David Hennecke. « Advances in Wind Farm Layout Optimization : Wind Direction Robustness and Wake Induced Asymmetric Thrust Load ». Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no 04 (20 juillet 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2104044.
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In this study, we address the wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problem and tackle the issue of optimal turbine placement by incorporating additional aspects of an economically driven target function. Firstly, we have analyzed the effect of wind direction on a given turbine arrangement. Based on the direction-dependent wake pattern, practitioners sometimes shut down certain turbines on their farms. Our method computes which turbines should be shut down in which wake situation. On this basis, we have developed a method of finding new turbine setups that rarely require shutdowns and are, in a certain sense, “robust” against changes to the wind direction. Secondly, we have presented a partial coverage Jensen wake model in three-dimensional space and have provided the tools for reducing or avoiding wake-induced asymmetric thrust on the rotor disc of the turbine, which leads to reduced energy yield and accelerated wear. This aspect can also be used for finding new turbine setups that take partial coverage into account and avoid it if necessary. Overall, the application of the refinements suggested in this study will result in an increased yearly profit achieved from the produced energy in a wind farm. This is an aspect that decision-makers, such as farm planners/operators, might depend on in a market that typically possesses narrow profit margins. Our methods find entrance into the open-source research framework that comes as the package wflo for the statistical software R.
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BOUKHECHEM, Said, Nora MIMOUNE, Mohamed Khalil GHOZLANE, Nassim MOULA et Rachid KAIDI. « Status, Characterization and Typology of Dairy Cattle Farms in Northern Algeria ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 76, no 2 (25 novembre 2019) : 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2019.0022.
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The aim of this study was to make a finding about the structural, functional and performance aspects of 217 dairy farms in northern Algeria through a survey, then to establish a diagnosis and a typology of these farms.The results showed that farms had an average size of 42.7 ± 102 ha, of which 34.5% was fodder area (FA), and an average of 28 ± 34.5 livestock units (LU) per farm, of which 65% were dairy cows (DC) dominated mainly by the Holstein and Montbeliarde breeds (74.8% of the total herd). The average number of annual work unit (AWU) was 2.98 ± 1.92 AWU/farm of which 78 ± 35% was a family labour. The farms’ performances were generally low. Dairy production (DP) average was 14.3 ± 4.77 kg/cow/day/farm, while fertility represented by calving interval (CI) was 397 ± 20.2 days/cow/farm. The use of multidimensional statistical methods has identified five types of farms.This study revealed a poor exploitation of the dairy potential of cows raised in Algeria, with the dominance of archaic breeding practices that oppose the welfare of these cows. To optimize dairy farming, solutions have been proposed.
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Cassamo, Nassir, et Jan-Willem van Wingerden. « On the Potential of Reduced Order Models for Wind Farm Control : A Koopman Dynamic Mode Decomposition Approach ». Energies 13, no 24 (10 décembre 2020) : 6513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246513.
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The high dimensions and governing non-linear dynamics in wind farm systems make the design of numerical optimal controllers computationally expensive. A possible pathway to circumvent this challenge lies in finding reduced order models which can accurately embed the existing non-linearities. The work presented here applies the ideas motivated by non-linear dynamical systems theory—the Koopman Operator—to an innovative algorithm in the context of wind farm systems—Input Output Dynamic Mode Decomposition (IODMD)—to improve on the ability to model the aerodynamic interaction between wind turbines in a wind farm and uncover insights into the existing dynamics. It is shown that a reduced order linear state space model can reproduce the downstream turbine generator power dynamics and reconstruct the upstream turbine wake. It is further shown that the fit can be improved by judiciously choosing the Koopman observables used in the IODMD algorithm without jeopardizing the models ability to rebuild the turbine wake. The extensions to the IODMD algorithm provide an important step towards the design of linear reduced order models which can accurately reproduce the dynamics in a wind farm.
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Sami Ullah Khan, Dr. Abdus Samad et Amar Yasir. « Misanthropic Attitude of George Orwell’s Animal Farm : from Revolution to Rehabilitation ». Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no 1 (7 mars 2021) : 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(168-173).
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This paper aims to focus on finding and highlighting the misanthropic aspects and their effects on the characters in the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell. The misanthropic perspectives in the novel have been premeditated deeply. Misanthropy has been implemented on the characters. The characters like, Old Major, Napoleon, Squealer, and others have been studied to manifest the misanthropic attitudes in it. Old major is the father of misanthropy in the novel Animal Farm and gives the idea of rehabilitation in the animals' lives and Napoleon accomplishes it. The disgusting behavior of the animals leads to revolution. Misanthropy affects humans' lives and they become homeless. The findings of the paper are that the animals possess disgusting behavior against humans. The paper concludes that the whole novel is replete with misanthropy and it is the very aspect that has been probed by this article. Eventually, misanthropy proves to be a nightmarish dream for animals of the Animal Farm and a complete disillusionment they expect from the revolution.
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Martini, A., et N. N. Arianti. « Analysis of the Layer Farm Business on BUMDes “Mandiri” and Breeder Partners in Babakan Bogor Village Kabawetan Subdistrict Kepahiang District ». Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 16, no 3 (30 septembre 2021) : 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.16.3.251-258.
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This study aims to analyze the income of the BUMDes “Mandiri” layer chicken farm and partner farms, as well as the size of the income earned by BUMDes “Mandiri” and breeder partners from the profit-sharing system carried out together. The research respondents were the BUMDes “Mandiri” farm manager and two breeder partners. Operating income is calculated by finding the difference between business revenues and total business costs incurred. The share received by BUMDes “Mandiri” and partner farmers from partner farm income is determined based on the percentage agreed in the partnership agreement, namely 51% for BUMDes “Mandiri” and 49% for breeder partners. The results showed that the income of the BUMDes “Mandiri” livestock business in one month was Rp. 3,668,890.00 or Rp. 3,668.89/head, while the partner's husbandry business income was Rp. 6,404,505.00 or Rp. 12,809.00/head. The portion of the partner's husbandry business income that belongs to BUMDes “Mandiri” is Rp. 3,266,295.00/month and that which belongs to breeder partners is Rp. 3,138,210.00/month.
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Muratkul, Abduraimov. « Optimization of the Geometric Parameters of the Metal Truss ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no 12 (31 décembre 2022) : 2415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48369.
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Abstract: This article is devoted to the optimization of the geometric parameters of the metal truss, and the following are studied in the article. Trusses belong to flat rod systems. The simplest structure is a truss consisting of rods spherically connected to each other. One of the criteria for finding the optimal parameters of a farm is its material consumption.
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Hurd, H. S., J. D. McKean, R. W. Griffith, I. V. Wesley et M. H. Rostagno. « Salmonella enterica Infections in Market Swine with and without Transport and Holding ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no 5 (mai 2002) : 2376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2376-2381.2002.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare, by using identical sample types, the Salmonella enterica prevalences and serovar diversities between pigs necropsied on the farm and those necropsied at the abattoir after transport and holding. We necropsied 567 market weight pigs (>70 kg) from six herds. Pigs were alternately assigned to be necropsied on the farm or at the abattoir. One-half of the group was sent in clean, disinfected trailers to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. After transport (mean distance, 169 km) and 2 to 3 h of holding in antemortem pens, these pigs were necropsied. The 50 pigs remaining on the farm were necropsied the following day. The same sample types and amounts were collected for S. enterica culture at both locations. Results show a sevenfold-higher (P < 0.001) S. enterica isolation rate from pigs necropsied at the abattoir (39.9%; 114 of 286) than from those necropsied on the farm (5.3%; 15 of 281). This difference was also observed for each individual herd. All sample types showed a significantly higher prevalence when comparing abattoir to on-farm collection, respectively: lymph nodes, 9.15 versus 3.6%; cecal contents, 13.6 versus 1.8%; 1 g of fecal matter, 25.2 versus 0.7%. Recovery of additional serovars at the abattoir suggests the pigs are receiving S. enterica from extra-farm sources. This study demonstrates that rapid infection during transport, and particularly during holding, is a major reason for increased S. enterica prevalence in swine. This finding identifies the holding pen as an important S. enterica control point in the pork production chain.
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Valenčáková, Alexandra, P. Bálent, M. Húska, F. Novotný et Lenka Luptáková. « First report on Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of swine in Europe ». Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 54, no 3 (1 septembre 2006) : 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.54.2006.3.11.
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Encephalitozoon intestinalis infection of sows is reported from a pig farm in Slovakia. Spores were detected by direct microscopic visualisation in the faeces of 25 out of 27 sows (92.6%). This finding was also supported serologically by the presence of specific anti-E.intestinalis antibodies and by a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This is the first report on E. intestinalis infection of swine in Europe.
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Ma, Wanglin, Puneet Vatsa, Xiaoshi Zhou et Hongyun Zheng. « Happiness and farm productivity : insights from maize farmers in China ». International Journal of Social Economics 49, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-08-2021-0474.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between farmers' happiness and farm productivity, taking maize production in China as an example.Design/methodology/approachThe conditional mixed process model is employed to account for the endogeneity that inevitably arises in regression models studying happiness and estimate the 2015 China Household Finance Survey data.FindingsThe empirical results show that a higher level of farmers' happiness is associated with higher maize productivity. The marginal return in maize productivity changes unevenly with increments in farmers' self-reported happiness on a five-point Likert scale. Farmers' happiness is positively determined by their age, educational level, farm size, machinery ownership, access to agricultural subsidy and car ownership. Machinery ownership and access to credit are two important factors that improve maize productivity.Research limitations/implicationsThe finding suggests that promoting the subjective well-being of farmers is conducive to higher productivity and improved national food security. The results have implications for China and other developing countries aiming for sustainable agricultural development.Originality/valueFirm-level data show that workers' happiness improves productivity. However, it is still unclear whether farmworkers' happiness affects farm productivity. Thus, this study provides the first empirical analysis of the impact of farmworkers' happiness on farm productivity.
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Verniers (depositor), Linda P., et Rene Torremans (depositor). « Wonen en werken in de Late IJzertijd in Spijkenisse ». Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no 1 (25 mars 2016) : 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-01000004.
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In July 2009, part of a stable farm from the end of the 3rd century BC at Spijkenisse was excavated. This farm was at the time situated in wet grassland with rough vegetation used as pasture. The excavated house plan consists of a living area, a hall and a stable part. After the occupation phase (around 210-200 BC) the site was used as a craft zone for beer or glue production (beginning of the 2nd century BC). In the archaeological research, attention was paid to the finding level (whether or not consecutively), the phasing in the tracks, the raw material supply and the food economy. The data concerning the pottery is entered in a Microsoft Access database. The hand-formed pottery found can be roughly dated as late Middle Iron Age and Late Iron Age. The majority of the animal component of the diet consisted of meat from domestic animals (especially beef, and also meat of sheep and/or goat). Emmer wheat and barley are the most important ingredients in the grain macro residues from the hearths. The habitation of the residential stable farm will have lasted about 10 to a maximum of 20 years. The next generation may have built a new farm in the vicinity.
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Thar, So Pyay, Thiagarajah Ramilan, Robert J. Farquharson et Deli Chen. « Identifying Potential for Decision Support Tools through Farm Systems Typology Analysis Coupled with WParticipatory Research : A Case for Smallholder Farmers in Myanmar ». Agriculture 11, no 6 (2 juin 2021) : 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060516.
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Decision Support Tools (DSTs) in agriculture have been widely developed but have not been well accepted by smallholder farmers. One reason for the limited use is that the tools do not account for the complexity of heterogeneous smallholder farming systems. Identifying farm typologies has facilitated technology transfer to target groups of farmers. Accounting for heterogeneity in farm systems can help in designing and deploying DSTs to address farmer needs. Typology analysis was applied to a 600-household survey dataset to identify different farm system types. Qualitative participatory research was used to assess the potential deployment of DSTs for fertilizer management. Six types of farm systems were identified with distinct characteristics in the study area of central Myanmar. Participatory research through focus group discussions with 34 participants from the six different farm types validated the farm typologies and found that farmers from one type considered that DSTs could be useful in gaining more information and knowledge. An important finding was that DSTs providing prescriptive advice were inconsistent with what many farmers want. Farmers indicated that discussion groups are a preferred learning-based approach rather than a prescriptive tool. Farmers preferred video clips and infographics integrated into existing familiar digital platforms. This study identifies heterogeneity within a large farm sample and develops a deeper understanding of fertilizer decisions as well as knowledge and intentions related to the use of DSTs or apps via follow-up focus group discussions. Incorporating a participatory research framework with typology identification can have a beneficial role in direct interactions with smallholders that may increase their acceptability of DSTs. This study has generated valuable information about farmer types and serves as a starting point for developing a framework for discussion support systems that may better relate to the needs of farmers.
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Chepken, Christopher Kipchumba. « A Contextualized Farm Management Information System ». East African Journal of Information Technology 5, no 1 (12 octobre 2022) : 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajit.5.1.881.
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Various Information Communication Technology (ICT) Agricultural initiatives implemented in Kenya have largely concentrated on the general farming set ups, ignoring the specific farm and Agricultural activities contexts. Literature review, sampling of ICT for Agriculture initiative (ICT4Agri) reports, and our knowledge on existing Agricultural Management Information Systems (AMISs) showed that a majority of the ICT4Agri for various farm management were general in nature and mostly facilitated information push towards farmers as opposed to allowing for a bidirectional flow of information. Only a few personalized and contextualized MISs for day-to-day management of farms existed. Besides their abundance, adoption, and use, challenges still exist due to the generalized nature in which system designers and developers conceptualize the ICT4Agri artefacts. With the objective of finding out if a more contextualized Agricultural farm Management Information System was better than the generalized Agricultural systems, we carried out an analysis of the current situation and designed, implemented, and tested a new integrated ICT4Agri dairy farm Management Information System. The system was co-designed with five purposefully selected ICT literate dairy farmers from the North rift counties of Kenya. Besides the presentation of the developed artefact, this paper presents the study results which showed that there is still need for compatible ICT agricultural systems which can allow farmers to process their own data by being allowed to have bidirectional movement of data and being able to create and use their own data. As a result, it was noted that there still exists a lot of opportunities for Agricultural digitization, especially if contextualization was to be factored in
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Ren, Hui, Dan Wei, David Watts et Jia Qi Fan. « Adaptive Genetic Algorithm Based Parameters Optimization of PI Controller for Battery System in Wind Farm ». Advanced Materials Research 1055 (novembre 2014) : 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.375.
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The randomness and intermittence of wind farm real power generation bring challenges to power system operation, and installing battery system for the mitigation of the fluctuation of wind farm output, following the short-term forecasting curve, even adjusting the output according to the operator’s requirement is a possible way to address the problem from the wind farm side. After a review of various storage control strategies for stabilizing the fluctuation of wind power output, the model of battery energy storage system as well as its control strategy is introduced. Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is used for the optimization of PI control parameters. Simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Moreover, comparing with the trial-and-error method, the optimization algorithm proposed has the advantage of finding the optimal parameters under the lack of experience on PID control, and combined with trial-and-error method, the difficulties engineer could face on tuning the parameters of PI controller is decreased, which increases the feasibility for parameters of PI controller’s being transplanted to similar applications.
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Poudel, Devi Prasad. « Livelihood Strategy of Community Forest Users : A Case from Nawalparasi District ». Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no 1-2 (10 décembre 2017) : 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19644.
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This paper aims to identify the diversification of livelihood strategies of community forest users of different ecological regions in Nawalparasi district. This paper basically based on primary and secondary sources of information primary information have been collected from focus group discussion, key informant survey and household survey. All the primary data are concerned with forest users of the study area. The forest users of the study area have adopted mainly three types of livelihood strategies i.e. farm based, forest based and off-farm based. The finding of the study shows that livestock farming has occupied major role to achieve the average income from farm based livelihood. The linkages between community forest and livelihood of rural people have been found different in the different ecological regions in the study area. The changing life style of members of community forest users can help to manage the forest and improve the livelihood of rural people with the support of such livelihood options in the study area. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 21-27
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Tišljar, Marina, R. Beck, R. G. Cooper, A. Marinculić, M. Tudja, Irena Lukač-Novak, Ž. Grabarević, Vlasta Herak-Perković et Borka Šimpraga. « First finding of libyostrongylosis in farm-reared ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Croatia : Unusual histopathological finding in the brain of two ostriches, naturally infected with Libyostrongylus douglasi ». Veterinary Parasitology 147, no 1-2 (juin 2007) : 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.014.
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ADESIYUN, ABIODUN, LLOYD WEBB, LISA MUSAI, BOWEN LOUISON, GEORGE JOSEPH, ALVA STEWART-JOHNSON, SANNANDAN SAMLAL et SHELLY RODRIGO. « Survey of Salmonella Contamination in Chicken Layer Farms in Three Caribbean Countries ». Journal of Food Protection 77, no 9 (1 septembre 2014) : 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-021.
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This study was conducted to investigate the demography, management, and production practices on layer chicken farms in Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, and St. Lucia and the frequency of risk factors for Salmonella infection. The frequency of isolation of Salmonella from the layer farm environment, eggs, feeds, hatchery, and imported day-old chicks was determined using standard methods. Of the eight risk factors (farm size, age group of layers, source of day-old chicks, vaccination, sanitation practices, biosecurity measures, presence of pests, and previous disease outbreaks) for Salmonella infection investigated, farm size was the only risk factor significantly associated (P = 0.031) with the prevalence of Salmonella; 77.8% of large farms were positive for this pathogen compared with 33.3 and 26.1% of medium and small farms, respectively. The overall isolation rate of Salmonella from 35 layer farms was 40.0%. Salmonella was isolated at a significantly higher rate (P < 0.05) from farm environments than from the cloacae. Only in Trinidad and Tobago did feeds (6.5% of samples) and pooled egg contents (12.5% of samples) yield Salmonella; however, all egg samples from hotels, hatcheries, and airports in this country were negative. Salmonella Anatum, Salmonella group C, and Salmonella Kentucky were the predominant serotypes in Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, and St. Lucia, respectively. Although Salmonella infections were found in layer birds sampled, table eggs appear to pose minimal risk to consumers. However, the detection of Salmonella-contaminated farm environments and feeds cannot be ignored. Only 2.9% of the isolates belonged to Salmonella Enteritidis, a finding that may reflect the impact of changes in farm management and poultry production in the region.
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Aoki, Misa. « Consumer loyalty towards locally certified low-input farm products ». British Food Journal 117, no 9 (7 septembre 2015) : 2300–2312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2014-0414.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal how a loyalty program that provides economic rewards for locally produced low-input farm products influences the consumers’ behavior of repeated purchase by focussing on the consumers’ motivation and characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on data from a questionnaire survey and actual purchase data obtained from a practical study conducted in Japan. The data were analyzed using regression analysis. Findings – Consumers who gain economic rewards by purchasing locally produced low-input fresh food are not likely to purchase these products exclusively for the economic rewards of the program; rather, they do so to get safe and good quality food and to support local farmers and local farm conservation. The most remarkable finding is that the scheme that provides economic rewards makes such products more affordable for consumers from lower-income households. Originality/value – This study is of academic value and of value to policy makers and practitioners in the local food supply chain. The study suggests that for increasing and stabilizing the demand for environment-friendly farm products, institutions for creating, designing, and supporting a new market for potential consumers are needed, together with suitable certification systems.
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Egena, S. S. A., et R. O. Alao. « Haemoglobin polymorphism in selected farm animals : A review ». Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no 3 (2014) : 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1403377e.
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Biochemical diversity or polymorphism is the occurrence of varieties attributed to biochemical differences which are under genetic control. It has created a leeway for the genetic improvement of farm animals. This is because it can be used as a useful tool for the characterization of livestock breeds and population. This way, the degree of similarity or differences within and between breeds can be ascertained and this differences or similarity are important raw materials for genetic improvement of animals. Data obtained on gene frequencies and genotypes through polymorphism study makes it not only possible to compare the gene stocks of animals, the possible effects of the genes on reproductive and performance traits, but also study genetic variability under different environmental conditions of selection. This study was carried out to review haemoglobin (Hb) polymorphism in selected farm animals with the view of finding out the type of polymorphism observed by starch gel electrophoresis due to variation in the amino acid sequence in the polypeptide chains of Hb. The review showed clearly that there is a gene-controlled diversity in the different farm animals considered. This could serve as a reference point for future studies earmarked for the improvement of the animals possibly via marker-assisted selection.
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Abass, Salim Kadhim. « Interconnection of Orwell's Novel Animal Farm as a Micro-Universe and Our Macro-Universe ». Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities 5, no 4 (22 novembre 2021) : 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20211006.
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George Orwell is best known for his allegorical political novel, Animal Farm (1945), written in the period of Modernism in English literature. This novel is read as an offensive on totalitarianism in general, and a political satire against Stalinism Communist totalitarianism in particular. The current paper is conducted to investigate the relationship between the micro-universe which is represented by the narrative text of Orwell's novel Animal Farm, and macro-universe which represents the reality or the real world. The main aim of this study is to determine the interconnection of the micro-universe (the narrative text), and the macro-universe (the reality) through finding a convergence between the topics and events of the narrative text and our real world. Marxist Criticism and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are used together as analytical approaches to investigate the selected narrative text and the historical, political, and social context in which the narrative text was written. The findings of this study points out that the narrative text of Animal Farm represents reality. This confirms the social and moral function of the committed literature which expresses human sufferings and aspirations for better conditions. The significance of the current study lies in provides better comprehension of the interconnection of the narrative text and reality as a missing feature in literature on this novel. This study contributes to literature on Orwell's novel Animal Farm particularly, and the field of the political English novels in general. Thus, this study extends the base of the researchers' knowledge in this literary area. Keywords: Micro-universe and Macro-universe, Modernism, Totalitarianism, Animal Farm.
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Jamilah, Suci, Suardi Tarumun et Djaimi Bakce. « ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR DOMINAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKONOMI RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI MANDAU KABUPATEN SIAK ». DINAMIKA PERTANIAN 34, no 1 (13 novembre 2019) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/dp.2018.vol34(1).4073.
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This research aims to analyze the dominant factors that respect to household economics of paddy farmers that included production, allocation of work time, income, and expenditure in Sungai Mandau Sub-district, Siak Municipality. The econometric approach using a model of simultaneous equations with Two-Stage Least Square method (2SLS) was used to answer the research goals. The main finding of this research showed that the dominant factors that respect to production are harvest area of paddy and costs of production facilities. Allocation of work time consists of: First, allocation of work time on farming respects the allocation of work time of off-farm and labor force. Second, the hired labor respects to farming income. Third, allocation of work time of off-farm respects to off-farm income, allocation of work time on farming, farmer's work experiences and age of farmers. Income respects to the allocation of work time of off-farm. Expenditure consists of: First, food consumption respects to total income, the number of families, and health spending. Second, non-food consumption respects to total income. Third, education investment respects to total income and the number of school children. Fourth, paddy farming investment respects to total income, harvest area of paddy, and food consumption. Fifth, saving respects to total income, total consumption, education investment, and health spending.
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Rantšo, Tšepiso A. « Factors affecting performance/success of small-scale rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho ». Journal of Enterprising Communities : People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no 3 (8 août 2016) : 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-10-2014-0020.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the different factors that determine the performance or success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. Evidence shows that small-scale enterprises in developing countries are confronted with different challenges and problems that make them less viable. As a result, the capacity of small-scale, non-farm enterprises in employment creation, income generation and providing the means of livelihood to the poor people is not significant. In Lesotho, many people who are retrenched from the South African mines are absorbed in small-scale, non-farm enterprises to make a living. However, small-scale enterprises are faced with different challenges. The research findings suggest that factors leading to success/performance of rural non-farm enterprises in Lesotho include gender of the entrepreneur, age of the entrepreneur, ability of the entrepreneur to establish wider social networks, large population/market, availability of communication networks and infrastructure, participation of enterprises in the international market and costs of doing business and competition. In this regard, the paper makes policy recommendations that can be used to improve performance/success of small-scale, non-farm enterprises. Design/methodology/approach This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyse data. Findings The main finding of the research is that foreign competition hinders the success of non-farm enterprises in Lesotho. The research findings further reveal that enterprises owned by women make the highest turnover compared to those owned by men. Practical implications This study brings in different factors that can ensure or hinder success/performance of small-scale, rural non-enterprises. Originality/value The research paper is of value in that it is the first study in Lesotho that considers different factors that determine business success in relation to employment creation, turnover and profitability.
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Kutumbale, Vishakha Shreesh, et Jawad Ul Haque Eytoo. « Economics of Horticulture Crops in Jammu and Kashmir : A Case Study of apple fruit ». Journal of Global Economy 15, no 1 (2 avril 2019) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v15i1.519.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Horticultural sector has assumed ever-increasing importance in Jammu and Kashmir economy. In this regard, the present study was carried out to evaluate the cost and benefits received by the different groups of farmers in the Kulgam and Shopian district of Kashmir valley. For this purpose, data from 180 apple growers was collected through a structured questionnaire. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Cobb-Douglas production function was run to obtain results. The finding indicated that the average profit received by the producer Rs. 350,695.48 on the apple cultivation while in case of different farmers, medium and large size farm owners were major beneficiaries. Furthermore, the findings indicate that in case of medium size and large farm owners, law of increasing returns to scale was operating while in case of small growers law of decreasing returns was operational. The findings indicate that farm size is key factor in the production efficiency of apple orchards. The significance of the study is that it will help to understand technical efficiency and operational conditions prevalent in the apple orchards.
Keywords: ever-increasing, production function, increasing returns, decreasing returns, production efficiency, technical efficiency, operational condition.
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Nadolnyak, Denis, Valentina Hartarska et Bretford Griffin. « The Impacts of Economic, Demographic, and Weather Factors on the Exit of Beginning Farmers in the United States ». Sustainability 11, no 16 (8 août 2019) : 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164280.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The success of efforts to promote sustainability and growth of Beginning Farmers and Ranchers (BFRs) depends on a set of diverse factors whose individual impacts on the BFR survival in or exit from farming need further clarification. This paper evaluates how a variety of economic and demographic factors, together with weather variability, affect BFRs’ exit from farming using farm-level data from the US Census of Agriculture for the period 1992–2012. The analysis uses insights from the literature on firm exit, recent research on young and beginning farmers, and the literature on climate impacts on agriculture since weather remains a key input to farming and its variability is a major source of risk to less experienced BFRs. The main finding is that flow variables such as profitability and off-farm employment do not affect BFR exit, while reliance on government payments increases the exit probability. Consistent with previous work, the size of operations matters, as BFRs with larger asset ownership, higher sales, and those in livestock production have lower probability of exit. Price variability that affects exit is largely attributable to weather variability, a finding which is consistent with that of previous work. The weather impacts on BFR exit are mostly attributable to droughts, but temperature also has a non-linear and highly seasonal impact.
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Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, et Susi Wuri Ani. « Impact of Surplus Labor Existence on Land Lease Market in Rural Central Java ». Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol.2(2) Apr-Jun 2017 2, no 2 (23 mars 2017) : 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2017.2.2(4).
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective - The Indonesian rice sector seems to lose global competitiveness, and the government intervenes in the market to achieve food self-sufficiency. Particularly, in the main rice producing areas of Central Java, the rice sector does not have a comparative and competitive advantage due to small farm size. Then, we need to investigate the reasons why the farm sizes of rice producers are still small. Methodology/Technique - We hypothesize that the existence of surplus labor in rural areas restrains farm size enlargement. Therefore, we need to examine the existence of surplus labor in study area. By using the empirical model of the Cobb Douglas production function, we test the hypothesis of surplus labor. The estimation result shows that there is a surplus of labor in the study area. Findings - In addition, we examine the impact of surplus labor on land lease market in rural area. This study proves empirically that there is surplus labor in rural areas; therefore, farmers have difficulty finding job opportunities in sectors other than farming. In such a case, they prefer to cultivate rather than lease their land. Novelty - This result implies that the existence of surplus labor restricts the number of land lease contract. As a result, the land lease supply in the land lease market has become very limited. Thus, the existence of surplus labor in rural areas would be a constraint of farm size enlargement. This is the first study which explores the relationship between surplus labor and land lease market in the main rice producer area in Central Java. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Impact; Existence; Surplus Labour; Land Lease Market; Farm Size Enlargement. JEL Classification: E24, H83.