Articles de revues : « Family services – Poland »

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Wróblewska-Kazakin, Agnieszka. « Research on family businesses in Poland ». Journal of Intercultural Management 6, n^o 2 (1 avril 2014) : 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2014-0012.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the research on family businesses in Poland commissioned by the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development. The study allowed for estimating the share of family businesses in the MSME sector and for identifying the differences in the functioning of family and non-family businesses in the Polish economy. Training and advisory services designed for family businesses thanks to the study resulted in development of tools specifically adjusted to the features of this group of enterprises, supporting their organizational, financial and legal aspects. The article also discusses two innovative tools developed as part of the Przewodnik po sukcesji [A Guide on Succession] and Kody wartości [Codes of Values] projects, allowing for independent completion of a succession process.

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Midre, Georges, et Brunon Synak. « Between Family and State : Ageing in Poland and Norway ». Ageing and Society 9, n^o 3 (septembre 1989) : 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00013751.

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ABSTRACTA comparative analysis of the life circumstances of older people in Poland and Norway is presented. It examines differences and similarities in attitudes to both family- and state-provided care, for those living in their own homes. In more prosperous Norway, public services are more frequent, elderly people are more independent and play a more active role in the labour market. In Poland formal care is seen as the last resort, with the responsibility for supporting elderly people placed firmly with the family. State services are directed towards those without families. The Norwegian system places no legal obligation on families, which results in a higher proportion living in institutions.

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KRAŚNICKA, Teresa. « Innovation of Polish family and non-family businesses ». Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, n^o 150 (2021) : 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.150.7.

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Purpose: The study aimed to identify differences in the level of innovation of the two types of firms – family (FB) and non-family (NFB) – and understand how the expectations of the management and/or business owners vary regarding the impact of innovations on business performance. Design/methodology/approach: Research questions were formulated based on the review of the findings of the surveys that compared innovation in family and non-family firms worldwide. Then, empirical research was conducted in 334 family and non-family firms in Poland. Findings: The findings do not confirm significant differences in the level of product innovation between FB and NFB. On the other hand, they point to a higher level of innovation measured with the number of process innovations in NFB. Research shows that firms rate the degree to which the expectations of innovation effects were fulfilled relatively low in both types of firms. Research limitations/implications: The applied measurement of the level of innovation according to the number of implemented innovations does not take into account their qualitative aspect, whether they are radical or incremental. The survey (questionnaire and interview) was based solely on the number of innovations declared as implemented by the respondents. Practical implications: The survey findings should inspire managers of family and non-family firms to analyze both the expected effects of the implementation of a particular type of innovation and to assess its actual outcomes. Social implications: Studies show that FB are not less innovative when it comes to implementing new or modified products and services. This contradicts both the opinions and some research results about the conservatism of FB or their stronger orientation towards family goals at the expense of a firm’s growth. Originality/value: This comparative study on FB and NFB innovation fills a gap in the area where knowledge concerning this issue is still scarce in Poland

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Sułkowski, Łukasz, Andrzej Woźniak et Joanna Sułkowska. « Medical Family Businesses in Poland – Model and Managerial Challenges ». Management 22, n^o 1 (1 juin 2018) : 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2018-0012.

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Summary Medical Family Businesses in Poland - Model and Managerial Challenges There is a deficit of data in Poland about characteristics of family enterprises providing medical services. The medical sector in Poland faces a rapid development of family businesses and is diverse because it encompasses various size business entities that specialize in many possible aspects of the medical business. The article is about the characteristics of family enterprises providing medical services and extent to which they resemble family businesses, and to which they are derived from medical service activities. The article is of theoretical nature and its aim is to propose the model for the functioning of family-owned medical businesses, taking into account the impact of the type of activity and the family organization. The first part of the article is focuses on characteristics of family businesses, there is relatively little representative research analyzing the share of family enterprises in the Polish economy and describing their character. The second part of the article is the problem of ethos of medical professions in relation to business and economic logics of an organization. In the third of the article part there is a proposal for a model combining both aspects of the functioning of this type of economic entities.

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Dębski, Maciej, et Łukasz Sułkowski. « Hospitality in the image of small family accommodation businesses ». Innovative Marketing 15, n^o 1 (15 février 2019) : 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.15(1).2019.02.

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Small and micro businesses form the largest group of entities offering services to tourists in tourist destinations. A majority of them are family businesses accommodation facilities. The study tests the hypothesis that the family nature of a business offering accommodation services can be a source of real competitive advantage being of significance for a certain group of clients. The advantage can be shaped by creating an image based on the owner’s involvement and hospitality. As the literature research indicated, in the case of the businesses described, it is relatively easy to develop a bond between the facility’s manager and their clients. The deliberations were extended by an empirical study conducted on a group of young people from Poland and Ukraine. Its results have indicated that accommodation services are significant elements of the satisfaction among the clients surveyed, and that in the group surveyed, the key reason for a trip is the intention to “experience and learn” and not comfort. It has also been confirmed that the determinants of accommodation services related to broadly defined hospitality are significant, however, not key in the group analyzed.

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Jankowski, Mateusz, Wojciech Stefan Zgliczyński, Bartosz Kobuszewski, Janusz Sytnik-Czetwertyński, Adam Skowron et Jarosław Pinkas. « Medical tourism in Poland : the perspective and experience of the physicians ». Wiedza Medyczna 2, n^o 1 (27 février 2020) : 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36553/wm.25.

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Introduction: Medical tourism is gaining popularity all over the world. This term in this paper refers to patients of Polish nationality living abroad but using health services in Poland as well as foreign patients who use health services in Poland. Objective of the paper: The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude and characteristics of medical tourism in Poland from the perspective of the physicians. Material and methods: a questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 700 physicians in Poland. The questionnaire included 29 questions regarding healthcare services in Poland. Results: Completed questionnaires were obtained from 498 physicians (67.9% females; average age 41.8±10.5 years), with a response rate of 71.1%. Clinical encounter with a Polish patient who resides on permanent basis outside the country was declared by 67.5% of respondents. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the frequency of domestic medical tourism depending on the medical education level as well as practice type. Most of the participants (72.3%) declared an encounter with a foreign patient who has used health services in Poland. Except the urgent health need, as factors determining domestic or international medical tourism, the doctors mentioned: quality of healthcare services, price competitiveness as well as the possibility of combining treatment with a visit to the family. Conclusions: Most physicians in Poland have had the opportunity to consult a patient who has used health services as part of national or international medical tourism.

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Zubrytska, Halyna. « Erasmus students as consumers of tourism services in Poland ». Studia Periegetica 35, n^o 3 (30 novembre 2021) : 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4215.

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Tourism is one of the main factors that encourage students to participate in the Erasmus programme, and many Erasmus students are eager to travel while studying abroad. The article highlights an important segment of the Polish tourism market, namely foreign students enrolled in the Erasmus programme. The article aims to identify opportunities for the tourism industry associated with Erasmus students in Poland, taking into account experiences of other countries. The study is based on empirical data obtained from the Polish Tourism Organization and from Erasmus Family in Cordoba, a Spanish travel agency for the period 2015-2018. In addition, the author conducted a literature review, analysed relevant documents, and relied on her own observations. The growing socio-economic benefits of the Erasmus programme for countries participating in the programme stimulate competition between them in an attempt to attract more international students, where success of particular host countries and their educational institutions depends on a number of factors, including those associated with tourism. Significant competitive advantages can be achieved in this respect by combining the efforts of educational institutions and those responsible for tourism policy.

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Andruszkiewicz, Iwetta, et Joanna Łebkowska. « State Policy Towards Demographic Changes in Poland ». Przegląd Strategiczny, n^o 14 (29 décembre 2021) : 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ps.2021.1.28.

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The aim of the article is to show that the modern civilization of technological, medical, structural and world-view progress determines the negative changes in the structure of families and the growth of the elderly population. Among the research hypotheses, in particular, it should be pointed out that the modern family policy should take into account the procreative context, as well as the family context with the participation of the older generation, as a consumer and participant in market services. The conclusions proposed by the authors concern a number of solutions in the field of social policy. The unfavorable demographic situation in the European Union raises specific challenges for social and demographic policy, among which, we should point out the changes in attitudes and individual behavior towards marriage and starting a family, changes in procreation attitudes, improving the quality of life of all generations, ensuring active participation of all generations in the demographic and socio-economic development of the country. The article has been written using the following research methods: descriptive, comparative and historical analysis.

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Bogusława Urbaniak. « Social security and safety of older adults in Poland ». Magyar Gerontológia 12 (26 novembre 2020) : 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/12/kulonszam/8450.

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Poland’ population will be ageing at a fast rate in the coming decades. It is projected that in 2070 the Polish ratio between people aged 65 and over and those aged 15-64 years will be 62.6, the highest among EU-27 countries. Population ageing appeared in the public debate in Poland as a separate subject in the 1990s, following a negative natural population increase and the looming impact of the massive withdrawal of baby boomers from the labour market on the pension system. One of the reasons for older persons’ growing interest in retirement was pension system reforms planned by successive governments. The announcement of the year 2012 as the European Year for Active Ageing and Solidarity Between Generations (decision no. 940/2011/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2011) contributed in Poland to the emergence of a senior policy from a social policy and initiated major legislative, institutional, and organisational changes at the national, regional and local levels of government. It also inspired the redefinition of measures used hitherto in line with the evolution in the perception of older people from social care recipients to active members of their communities entitled to education and economic, social, civic and political activity. In 2013, the Senior Policy Council was established as a consultative and advisory body to the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, and then similar councils supporting regional and local authorities were organised. In order to encourage greater activity among seniors, a special governmental programme was created in December 2013, which grants funds on a competitive basis to projects concerning social activities, education, and intergenerational cooperation submitted by informal and formal groups of seniors. The national government’s key documents on senior policy, one for the period from 2014 to 2020 and the other spanning the years until 2030, are Resolution 238 of 24 Dec. 2013 by the Board of Ministers on the Adoption of Long-term Senior Policy in Poland for the Years 2015-2020 and Resolution 161 of 28 Oct. 2018 by the Board of Ministers on the adoption of Social Policy Towards the Older Persons 2030. Security-Participation-Solidarity. In 2015, the Polish Parliament passed the elderly people act, which requires institutions in charge of the well-being of older persons to monitor and report on their situation. The reports submitted by the institutions are used by the Ministry of Labour to compile and present an annual evaluation of the status of the older population in Poland. The regional governments’ senior policy is reflected in their social policy strategies. The strategies’ operational goals started to address needs specific to older people since 2002, focusing in particular on improving their quality of life, developing round-the-clock care services, at-home care services, and rehabilitation services, and on reducing social exclusion and marginalization of seniors. Social security and the safety of older adults are progressively improving in Poland, but the greatest progress has been made in the area of active ageing. Social care services for the elderly still require improvement, because the predominant family care model is inefficient in many ways due to: limited financing of care services by public institutions, the growing proportion of single elderly persons, the increasing number of people aged 85+ (the so-called double population ageing), social insurance disregarding long-term care to an elderly family member as an insurable risk, a lack of legislation allowing employed people to seek a long-term leave to give care to an older family member, the informal expectation that women who retire at the age of 60 years will take care of the oldest family members. While neither the scale nor the quality of home care services given to older persons is regularly surveyed in Poland, it can be presumed that the scale of care services is insufficient and that they excessively burden families with a member in need of care. Between 2010 and 2018, the number of persons aged 65+ increased in Poland by over 1.5 million, the number of the users of attendance services and specialised attendance services by 29,000 (from 99,000 to 128,000), and the number of residences in homes and facilities providing assistance to aged persons by 7,000 (from 20,000 to 27,100.)

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Walaszczyk, Ludmiła. « Family business succession in the Mazovia Region in Poland – needs and barriers ». Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 50, n^o 1 (26 mars 2019) : 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2062.

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Every year many companies disappear from the market due to the fact that there is no possibility to find the successor, who could take over the business activity. The owners do not wish to transfer their business to the heirs, not even mentioning the external successors. Thanks to the indication of needs and barriers of the family business successions, it will be possible to develop tools and services, which will improve the succession process in family companies and will help to maintain family companies in the future. In the article, the author presents the latest state of knowledge about the needs of and barriers to the succession of family businesses in the Mazovia Region in Poland. The author focuses on the results of unstructured interviews with entrepreneurs from family companies and representatives of local authorities.

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Lubińska-Tomczak, Mirela. « The state of family assistance profession in Poland. Conclusions from own research ». Praca Socjalna 35, n^o 5 (31 octobre 2020) : 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4428.

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This article is about the profession of the family assistant and complexity of their work environment. In the framework of the empirical research attempts were made to answer questions regarding cooperation of family assistants with the supported families and with the employees of aid institutions, such as police officers, coordinators of family foster care, educational and judiciary professionals and social workers. They also sought to identify and depict the mutual relationships among the social groups, to define the socio-occupational position of family assistants and how they perceive their work. The empirical research carried out within the qualitative methodological framework in the Province of Opole. The research sample included 111 respondents. The applied technique was the in-dept interview, relying on three different interview questionnaires, one per each group: family assistants, assistance services, and supported families. The collected empirical material was subjected to content analysis and numerous conclusions were drawn.

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Bobrowska, Agnieszka Monika. « Local Government Expenditures on Care Services vs. Demographic Changes in Poland ». Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 1, n^o 346 (3 février 2020) : 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.346.02.

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Local governments as the smallest units of territorial self‑government in Poland are responsible for providing care services. The growing number of the elderly can influence the expenditures level connected with ensuring proper care for them, and it may constitute a growing problem for local government, especially for districts with a lower level of socio‑economic development. In recent years, a quite high increase in benefits amount due to care services and specialist care services has been observed. Therefore, a question arises whether a significant dependence can be observed between the share of the elderly in the population and the degree of local governments’ financial burden due to providing care services. The aim of this paper is to indicate voivodeships where local governments bear the biggest burden of providing care services and to verify whether it is connected with their demographic situation. The data which were subject to the static analysis conducted came from public sources: the report of the Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy of the Republic of Poland and elaborations of the Central Statistic Office. The situation of particular voivodeships has been defined in the scope of society ageing and burdening local government with care services. Only in the case of half of voivodeships it has been proven that the level (low, medium or high) of burden of the said services corresponds to the same level of the number of the elderly in their population, which can confirm that the amount of care services is connected with a demographic situation of a given voivodeship.

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Dent, Mike. « Nurse professionalisation and traditional values in Poland and Greece ». International Journal of Public Sector Management 16, n^o 2 (1 avril 2003) : 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513550310468000.

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This paper examines the similarities and variations in the professional and work organisation of nursing in Greece and Poland. It evaluates the evidence of “convergence” as opposed to “embeddedness” in the professional and gendered organisation of nursing in these two countries. The feminised character of nursing is discussed, in relation to the family within the configuration of health‐care services. This issue also relates to the clientelistic relations and familialism that pervade health‐care delivery in both countries – although for different historical and cultural reasons – and which reflect and reinforce patriarchical relations within these societies.

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Taradejna-Nawrath, Beata. « Recognition of qualifications acquired within EU member states to practice OSH-related regulated professions in Poland ». Occupational Safety – Science and Practice 558, n^o 3 (21 mars 2018) : 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6432.

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This article presents information on the process of recognizing professional qualifications acquired within EU member states and on becoming employed in Poland in OSH-related occupations. Following the act of the Minister of Family, Work and Social Policy of January 16, 2016, on authorization to recognize qualifications, the Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) is a body governing the procedure for recognizing qualifications for OSH-related regulated professions (OSH specialist and OSH technician) acquired within the EU to be used in Poland. All applicants can use CIOP-PIB’s services.

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Górska-Warsewicz, Hanna, Maciej Dębski, Krystyna Rejman et Wacław Laskowski. « The Specificity of Family Firms Providing Accommodation Services—The Experience of a Post-Socialist Country 30 Years after the Economic Transformation ». Sustainability 12, n^o 24 (12 décembre 2020) : 10404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410404.

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This study aimed to analyze the conditions and specificity of family firms (FFs) providing accommodation services in Poland 30 years after the beginning of economic changes. The research was carried out between 2017 and 2018 using the Computer-Assisted Website Interview (CAWI) method. In two stages of research, a total of 1300 questionnaires were sent to FFs providing accommodation services, and we received 83 fully completed questionnaires. This response rate indicates that there is still a lack of trust among FFs as a result of the activities of the socialist economy, which was negative towards private property. The respondents were generally business owners, but several questionnaires were completed by other members of the families running an accommodation service business. All companies participating in the survey provided their services in small towns or rural areas. In the structure of the surveyed FFs by type, guesthouses and lodgings had the largest share, and, in terms of location, FFs from the southern part of the country dominated. We found out that familiarity is an important feature of the Polish FFs providing accommodation services. The majority of FF representatives agreed that focusing on the specifics of family business allows them to compete with companies providing accommodation services. They also pointed out the long-term perspective of business and development and the provision of high-quality services. Such an approach is now possible because the period of a centrally planned economy had to be followed by a change in the way of thinking related to business activity in Poland.

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Kosinski, Robert, Monika Roman, Martyna Gontarczyk, Michal Roman et Piotr Grudzien. « Conditions for Choosing Form of Rest Agritourism from the Point of View of Respondents in Poland ». Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 33, n^o 2 (21 août 2020) : 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2020.33.2.02.

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The purpose of the study was to present the factors conditioning the use of agritourism services by the respondents. The study was conducted in May 2019 using a diagnostic survey using a questionnaire on a sample of 120 randomly selected residents of Warsaw in Poland. The most frequently studied people using agritourism services for several days spending their stay connected with the family. The main motive for choosing the place of rest by the respondents was peace and quiet, as well as price attractiveness. Popular surveyed people spend their free time in agritourism services on walking and hiking and exploring the nearby area.

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Synak, Brunon. « The Elderly in Poland : An Overview of Selected Problems and Changes ». Ageing and Society 7, n^o 1 (mars 1987) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x00012277.

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ABSTRACTThis paper draws on gerontological studies conducted in Poland over the last 20 years to outline a number of changes in the socio-economic circumstances of the elderly population. It begins by examining the impact of demographic factors, with particular emphasis on the post-Second World War migrations and the more recent move to the towns, and goes on to describe trends in health and functional status. It is shown that self-assessed health and even life expectancy have decreased over the last five years, and a number of explanations are suggested. The main part of the paper uses national surveys conducted in the 1960s and in the 1980s to identify changes in the family situation of the elderly. Despite an overall reduction in many forms of family support, it is shown that help from parents and children has increased particularly over the last five years. It is concluded that while various services need to be developed along Western lines, this development should be accompanied by a strengthening of various forms of family care.

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Balińska, Agata. « MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN IN POLAND AS A SEGMENT OF TOURIST SERVICES RECIPIENTS ». Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.26.

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The aim of the article is to present middle-aged women as a segment of recipients on the tourism services market. The article characterizes women’s tourist activity. The available statistical data was reviewed. A survey (hand-out survey) was also conducted on a non-random sample of 155 women. The following research problems were used in empirical studies: What are the reasons for women giving up tourist trips? What form of organization and length of trips do the respondents prefer? Is there a relationship between the respondents’ ability to drive a car and their tourist activity? In whose company do women usually go? What goals decide about undertaking tourist activity and which factors have the greatest impact on the organization of a tourist trip? What is the dream tourist trip of the respondents? The research allowed to determine the ways of spending time preferred by women during tourist trips. Women willingly participated in domestic and foreign tourist trips. They usually left with their family or partner, and the main reason for the trip was the desire to entertain, get to know interesting places and rest. Factors that were most important for the respondents were the weather, leisure places and company. The price was definitely less important.

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Bujnowska-Fedak, Maria Magdalena, Andrzej Staniszewski et Andrzej Steciwko. « A survey of Internet use for health purposes in Poland ». Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 13, n^o 1_suppl (juillet 2007) : 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/135763307781645130.

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We investigated the use of the Internet for health-related purposes in Poland. A telephone survey was performed of 1027 people between 15 and 80 years old who were selected from the Polish population by random sampling. The study showed that the Internet was used by 47% of the respondents (n = 483) and 37% of the respondents (n = 376) had used it at least once a week. Almost 80% of responders used the Internet to obtain information about health or illness (n = 383) and 43% of them did it at least once a month. The respondents used the Internet for health purposes mainly to read about health or illness (95%). Only 3% of them approached the family physician, specialist or other health professional over the Internet. However, when choosing a new doctor, 45% of respondents stated that the doctor's provision of Internet-based services was of importance. At present the Internet is not used as a health communications channel but it is clear that many Polish people are interested in Internet-based health services.

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Bugajewska, Joanna. « The Financial Situation of the households in Poland after Implementation of the Programme „Family 500+” ». Central European Review of Economics & ; Finance 28, n^o 6 (31 décembre 2018) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2018.032.

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The aim of the present paper is an analysis of the impact of the government economic instrument, the „Family 500+” programme on spending decisions of Polish people. For this purpose, financial conditions of families living in two Polish cities: Radom and Chełm were being observed (in the light of the own diagnosis). As a part of a survey, people were asked questions regarding the amount of monthly family income, savings and credits, types of goods and services purchased owing to the „500+” programme for the benefit of children and young people under 18. The paper ends with conclusions resulting from the conducted research.

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Wanat, Marta, Melanie Hoste, Nina Gobat, Marilena Anastasaki, Femke Böhmer, Slawomir Chlabicz, Annelies Colliers et al. « Transformation of primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic : experiences of healthcare professionals in eight European countries ». British Journal of General Practice 71, n^o 709 (11 mai 2021) : e634-e642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp.2020.1112.

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BackgroundPrimary care has a crucial role in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic as the first point of patient care and gatekeeper to secondary care. Qualitative studies exploring the experiences of healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic have mainly focused on secondary care.AimTo gain an understanding of the experiences of European primary care professionals (PCPs) working during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design and settingAn exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews in primary care in England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Poland, Greece, and Sweden, between April and July 2020.MethodInterviews were audiorecorded, transcribed, and analysed using a combination of inductive and deductive thematic analysis techniques.ResultsEighty interviews were conducted with PCPs. PCPs had to make their own decisions on how to rapidly transform services in relation to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 care. Despite being overwhelmed with guidance, they often lacked access to practical training. Consequently, PCPs turned to their colleagues for moral support and information to try to quickly adjust to new ways of working, including remote care, and to deal with uncertainty.ConclusionPCPs rapidly transformed primary care delivery despite a number of challenges. Representation of primary care at policy level and engagement with local primary care champions are needed to facilitate easy and coordinated access to practical information on how to adapt services, ongoing training, and access to appropriate mental health support services for PCPs. Preservation of autonomy and responsiveness of primary care are critical to preserve the ability for rapid transformation in any future crisis of care delivery.

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Domańska, Ada, et Robert Zajkowski. « Barriers to gaining support : a prospect of entrepreneurial activity of family and non-family firms in Poland ». Equilibrium 17, n^o 1 (27 mars 2022) : 191–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2022.008.

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Research background: This paper explores the approach that focuses on entrepreneurial activities suppressed by restraining forces or different barriers. We investigated a particular type of obstacles reported by entrepreneurs, i.e., those which prevented their gaining access to support instruments. This paper delved into the specificity of family businesses and explained why perceptions of access to support could differ between family and non-family firms. Purpose of the article: This paper seeks to identify the differences between family and non-family businesses in terms of their perceptions of different barriers that hinder access to support instruments. Methods: The main research processes were based on logistic regression models with a dependent variable: 0 for a non-family firm and 1 for a family firm. As dependent variables 13 barriers to the access of public support instruments were adopted. The study was conducted on a sample of 386 Polish business entities. Findings & value added: The results confirmed the existence of differences between family and non-family businesses in perceptions of barriers towards gaining support in entrepreneurial endeavours. Obstacles, such as overly-complex bureaucratic procedures and requirements, lack of access to information disseminated by business support institutions, and complicated support settlement procedures, were perceived as far less crucial by family businesses than non-family businesses. Family businesses demonstrated a lower propensity to use real property as collateral for transactions. Additionally, family businesses with financial resources that overlap with their own familial resources declared that they found it easier to make their own contributions to satisfy the requirements for support programmes or services. This paper makes several novel and significant contributions to the field. First, we add to existing research focusing exclusively on family entrepreneurial activity by drawing a comparison between family and non-family firms in terms of the perceived barriers towards gaining support. Second, we address different types of barriers. Our findings provide further evidence that different types of businesses perceive certain types of barriers differently. Third, we extend current knowledge on family businesses study in Poland.

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Słaby, Teresa. « SINGLES ON THE CONSUMER MARKET IN POLAND ». Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 18, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2019.18.3.36.

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The socio-economic changes taking place in Poland in the twenty-first century caused, among others, the changes of the family model, which resulted in a strong increase in the number of one-person households (the so-called singles). It is estimated that the share of modern singles at different ages will increase by 2030 in a global perspective by about 20%, especially in big cities. In Poland in 2017, the fraction of these households was 23.5%. Satisfying the various needs of singles should shape the market of goods and services addressed to this group of consumers. The author, using the data from the GUS (Central Statistical Office) household budget surveys in 2015 and the results of a co-authored own survey carried out in 2017, investigated consumer behaviours of singles from large cities in two age groups of young people and opinions about the degree of preparation of the Polish market, including the Internet, to meet their needs. Diagnostic and application usefulness is expressed by information important for the marketing activity of enterprises that will adjust their market offer to the expectations of a growing group of Polish one-person households.

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Szelewa, Dorota. « When Family Policy Doesn’t Work : Motives and Welfare Attitudes Among Childfree Persons in Poland ». Social Inclusion 10, n^o 3 (30 août 2022) : 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i3.5504.

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The primary goal of this article was to analyse the welfare attitudes of people self‐declaring as childless by choice alongside the exploration of their social experience as childfree persons in the context of a rapid increase in the generosity of pro‐natalist public policies in Poland. The analysis is based on semi‐structured interviews conducted with 19 respondents recruited via Facebook network groups. Thematic analysis was applied identifying six general themes: “satisfied and never had the need”; “dealing with social pressure”; “family measures—yes, but not this way”; “unfair treatment of the childfree”; “towards welfare state for all”; and “change my mind? Never, even if offered one million dollars.” The research demonstrated that childfree persons present favourable views on state support for families with children. While critical of cash‐based family support, respondents have a clear preference for investing in services enabling women to participate in the labour market. Finally, if public policies aimed at removing barriers to parenthood were strengthened, this would not change the respondents’ minds about procreation.

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PRINCIPI, ANDREA, GIOVANNI LAMURA, CRISTINA SIROLLA, LIZ MESTHENEOS, BARBARA BIEŃ, JAYNE BROWN, BARBRO KREVERS, MARIA GABRIELLA MELCHIORRE et HANNELI DÖHNER. « Work restrictions experienced by midlife family care-givers of older people : evidence from six European countries ». Ageing and Society 34, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2012) : 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x12000967.

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ABSTRACTThis paper examines differences in work restrictions of midlife family carers of older people in terms of prevalence, gender and explanatory variables, in six European countries: Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. A sample of 2,897 carers aged 45–64 was extracted from the EUROFAMCARE (Services for Supporting Family Carers of Older People in Europe: Characteristics, Coverage and Usage) European project database, in order to analyse four possible work restrictions experienced in connection with the activity of care-giving: the reduction of working hours; giving up working; difficulties in career developments and forced occasional work. The results show that work restrictions are experienced differently between countries especially by women: they are reported to a higher degree in the United Kingdom, Germany and Greece, less so in Italy, and seldom in Poland and Sweden. Gender differences within countries are not so marked. Country differences are explained in the light of the different welfare regimes characterising the countries under investigation, in order to elucidate how policy makers may act to improve working carers' conditions through appropriate policies.

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Teisseyre, Piotr. « Reconciliation of work and family care in the context of the underemployment phenomenon in Poland ». SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, n^o 3 (mars 2013) : 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-su3007.

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This paper investigates the relationships between the phenomenon of underemployment in Poland - defined as a non-standard form of employment, particularly as work on fixed-term contracts - and the role of informal social networks and family in meeting social needs. Two different hypothesis are considered. The first hypothesis. Extension of labor market segmentation leads to an increase in the role of family and informal social networks among workers, who are deprived of stable employment and with limited chances of promotion. Employees with fixed-term contracts (according to Eurostat 28,2% of all employees) have a limited access to public and commercial institutions that meet social needs. For those people the family and community should play an important role in providing individuals with goods and services. In other words, underemployment fosters familiarization in Poland. The second hypothesis. Employees with lower average incomes from fixed-term work have a limited access to affluent social support networks. The rule of reciprocity is weaker among these segments of social structure. Thus, the role of community and family plays a less significant role in households where non-standard employment is prevalent. The intensity of family's and informal social network's support is explored in reference to child care and financial transfers within informal networks. The analysis is based on the EUSILC data from 2008.

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Kęsy, Izabella. « Family firms in Poland. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economic and financial situation of selected family firms ». VUZF Review 7, n^o 2 (28 juin 2022) : 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.22.2.16.

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Every business in Poland was affected by the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The negative impact on industries varied, this was due to the specifics of each industry, such as providing direct-to-consumer services. Pandemic restrictions caused such companies to not function and often declare bankruptcy and close down in the market. In the study, the author focused on family businesses, which have their own characteristics and 99% are micro and small businesses. What because of their low level of savings, they operate in monthly accounts, using the principle of "from 1 to 30 each month". The reason for this is the low level of savings and profit generation. As a result, this type of companies is not immune to the negative factors that determine the functioning of family businesses. The purpose of the author's study was to obtain information on what are the effects of the pandemic in companies that are among some of the most affected industries in the economy. For this purpose, the researcher conducted a study using the interview method. With the information obtained in the qualitative research, the research objective was achieved. The result of this work was the recommendations placed at the end of the publication.

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Gawryszewska, Beata J., Izabela Myszka, Michał Banaszek et Axel Schwerk. « Periurban Streetscape—Vernacular Front Gardens and Their Potential to Provide Ecosystem Services : A Case Study of Warsaw, Poland ». Sustainability 15, n^o 3 (30 janvier 2023) : 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032450.

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At the time of reflection on green justice, when the role of public green spaces is increasing, it is worth paying attention to vernacular greenery, especially in single-family residential areas on city outskirts which property owners arrange in front parts of plots. The paper’s aim is to show that vernacular front gardens (VFG) can act as missing public space and at the same time have the attributes of public green space, providing ecosystem services (ES). In order to confirm these assumptions, we carried out a VFG’s attributes inventory and a survey on garden designers. We identified dominating garden features and conducted a cluster analysis of the gardens based on their characteristics. The basis for building periurban streetscape in single-family housing estates is the visual inclusiveness of VFGs. They provide all the ES groups, playing representational, natural and recreational roles as well as serving as locations of edible plants production. Streets in residential sites, thanks to VFG, can be treated as real green public spaces creating a type of green area accessible not only to owners but also to pedestrian eyes. We conclude that our results can be valuable for city planning but also for the professional garden designers.

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Saczyńska-Sokół, Sylwia. « Supporting NEETs — challenges facing labor market institutions in Poland ». Oeconomia Copernicana 9, n^o 1 (31 mars 2018) : 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.009.

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Research background: Various and complicated reasons for belonging to the NEET category (not in education, employment or training), resulting largely from young people’s personal and family circumstances, cause that the activation programmes undertaken by public employment services, both in the professional and educational sphere, prove inadequate. Despite the fact that labour market instruments dedicated to young people represent a wide range of possibilities for supporting them in combating professional and educational inactivity, the background of their problems requires new actions that should be undertaken by labour market institutions and their partners. Purpose of the article: Taking the above into consideration, the aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the public employment services and other labour market institutions in the area of activating youth experiencing the most difficult situation in the labour market. Methods: The article is based partly on the results of quantitative and qualitative research, conducted in the framework of the project implemented by the Provincial Labour Office in Bialystok Podlasie open to young people, financed by Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development (PO WER). Findings & Value added: The results of the study have led to the identification of necessary actions which should be undertaken by labour market institutions to support young people representing the NEET generation. These actions can be classified into different categories. They include preventing inclusion into the NEET group, developing the most effective solutions in the area of getting in touch with this group of young people and supporting them as well as creating a culture of cooperation for their benefit. The study has also revealed the need to carry out in-depth research of the NEET population.

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Dostatny, Denise F., Grzegorz Żurek, Adam Kapler et Wiesław Podyma. « The Ex Situ Conservation and Potential Usage of Crop Wild Relatives in Poland on the Example of Grasses ». Agronomy 11, n^o 1 (6 janvier 2021) : 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010094.

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The Poaceae is the second most abundant family among crop wild relatives in Poland, representing 147 taxa. From these species, 135 are native taxa, and 11 are archeophytes. In addition, one taxon is now considered to be extinct. Among the 147 taxa, 8 are endemic species. Central Europe, including Poland, does not have many endemic species. Only a few dozen endemic species have been identified in this paper, mainly in the Carpathians and the adjacent uplands, e.g., the Polish Jura in southern Poland. The most numerous genera among the 32 present in the crop wild relatives (CWR) of Poaceae family are: The genus Festuca (33 species), Poa (19), and Bromus (11). In turn, ten genera are represented by only one species per genus. A good representative of groups of grasses occur in xerothermic grasslands, and other smaller groups can be found in forests, mountains, or dunes. CWR species from the Poaceae family have the potential for different uses in terms of the ecosystem services benefit. They can impart for humans, animals, and the environment, including fodder, edibles, biomass grasses (fuels and raw material), and amenity grasses, and are used for ecological purposes. In the central Polish gene bank in Radzików (NCPGR), all accessions are represented by approximately 30% of grasses germplasm, 10% of which are CWR grasses. In the case of CWR grasses, 56% are stored in the NCPGR gene bank, and approximately 80% in botanical gardens, but frequently in a single accessions. Together, crop gene banks and botanical gardens can maintain a large range of ex situ collections useful for the preservation, breeding, and research of crop wild relatives along with the necessary information for plant breeders.

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Borowska, Mariola, Urszula Religioni et Anna Augustynowicz. « Patients’ Opinions on the Quality of Services in Hospital Wards in Poland ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2022) : 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010412.

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Introduction: Patient opinion surveys have become a widely used method for assessing key aspects of the functioning of medical facilities and, thus, of the functioning of the entire health care system. They are a prerequisite for developing patient-centered care and an essential component of quality improvement programs. In many countries, including Poland, patient opinion surveys are written into the accreditation standards of medical institutions. Patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital is a recognized indicator of the quality of patient-centered care. In a report on strategies for improving the quality of health care in Europe published in 2019 by WHO and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital was cited as one of the basic indicators of ‘patient centeredness’ along with patient satisfaction. Therefore, as well consideration of the quality of medical care, a patient recommendation index was also used in the study presented in this paper. The index was based on the answers to questions about the patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital ward to family and friends. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate patients’ opinions on the quality of services in particular hospital wards. A patient opinion survey can be used to improve the quality of services and monitor the effects of health-related activities, identify areas that need improvement, motivate medical staff and prevent their burnout, build a trusting relationship with patients, and compare the quality of health care in various facilities. Material and methods: The study was carried out in March 2022. The patient opinion survey was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The sample selection was purposive. The respondents were patients with a history of hospitalization. The sample selection used an algorithm for the random selection of patients who met the criteria for the sample. The inclusion criterion was hospitalization in the 12 months prior to the study. A standardized questionnaire was used that was aimed at the assessment of the quality of medical care and the patient’s rights to information. Additionally, the survey contained questions about the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results: A total of 38% of patients with a history of hospitalization expressed criticisms. The majority of statistically significant differences were observed when differentiating respondents according to age. Elderly persons significantly more often declared having been treated with respect and interest. They also rated more highly the meals served in the hospital, effective pain treatment, and respect for the patient’s dignity and intimacy during diagnosis and treatment. Younger persons assessed all these aspects of hospitalization less favorably. Conclusions: Variables including age and the level of income had a statistically significant influence on the opinion of the respondents. Elderly persons assessed most aspects of the quality of care in a hospital ward more favorably. There were a similar number of “promoters” (36%) and “detractors” (38%) of the quality of hospital services. Detractors mainly pointed to long waiting times for hospital admission, the poor quality of medical and nursing care, and unappealing meals. The promoters emphasized the high quality of medical and nursing care and the favorable conditions of the accommodation. Regular patient satisfaction surveys are helpful in identifying areas in which the functioning of a medical entity requires changes.

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Bober, Agnieszka. « The importance of raising defensive awareness among children and young people with the involvement of the Polish Armed Forces ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 206, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2022) : 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1755.

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The raising of defensive awareness among children and young people is one of the fundamental roles in the process of creating a defence system, and thus the national security of the Republic of Poland. It should start at the stage of upbringing in the family home and then evolve with the help of educational facilities and their accompanying institutions, among which the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland should be mentioned in particular. It is important to note that care for the creation of a reliable security system rests not only with an institution such as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and other uniformed services, but also with every citizen of the Polish state – in accordance with the law in force. Proper development of defensive awareness would not be possible if it were not for close cooperation between the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland and the education sector. This is evidenced by the results of a pilot study, presented in the follow-ing article, conducted in the form of a questionnaire among eighth-grade students of the Henryk Sienkiewicz Primary School in Siedlce, as well as students of two third-grade classes with the military profile, at the European Secondary School of Uniformed Services in Wrocław. Their main objective was to show the degree of defence awareness formation among children and young people, using specific methods and institutions that have a direct impact on this process. As it was shown – as a result of the research analysis – a group of respondents, regardless of the knowledge they already have, want to continue to deepen it. This means that specific projects need to be created which in cooperation with many pro-defence organisations have a direct impact on shaping the security of the Polish state through working with its youngest citizens

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Perreau, Louisa. « Gender Equality at the Test of Sharia Councils in the UK ». Youth and Globalization 2, n^o 1 (7 juillet 2020) : 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-00201001.

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As the saying goes ‘good girls go to heaven, bad girls go everywhere!’, whose origin is uncertain, sometimes attributed to American actress and screenwriter Mae West, sometimes to editor-in-chief of Cosmopolitan magazine, Helen Gurvey Brown, it was taken up as a slogan by feminists who denounce the sexual norm imposed on women by religions. At a time when the influence of religious fundamentalism on State policies seems to be gaining ground (retreat on abortion laws in the United States, in Poland; Sharia courts in Great Britain, etc.), the object of this research note will be to question the articulations between British Muslim women, State multiculturalism and legislation. In Britain, since the 1980s, a network of sharia councils has developed to resolve disputes between Muslims, including resolving family problems. Sharia councils thus reveal the place of Muslim women in the United Kingdom on the issue of divorce. Extremely patriarchal, rarely feminist, often undemocratic, the sharia councils appear as places of power. The latter are often compared to Islamic courts, so-called ‘counseling’ religious services or ‘Islamic family services’ to which Muslims wishing to respect divine law and their religious precepts go – especially women. What does this mean for British Muslim women who use these services? How is the British government responding?

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Grudziąż-Sękowska, Justyna, Monika Zamarlik et Kuba Sękowski. « Assessment of Selected Aspects of the Quality of Life of Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Poland ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 4 (22 février 2021) : 2107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042107.

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is, next to obesity and asthma, the most common chronic disease in children in Poland. T1D is not only a medical challenge, but it also affects all areas of a sick child’s life and family functionality. New forms of therapy facilitate the daily management of the disease, but their availability is limited and partly dependent on socioeconomic status. This study aimed to assess the incidence and interrelationships between the child’s health condition and the applied therapy model, and selected aspects of the child’s family functionality and access to health and care services. The survey involved 206 child and youth caregivers with T1D who are members of Facebook support groups. The analysis of the obtained results revealed the existence of links between family income level and the type of insulin therapy applied. Children from families with a better financial situation (subjective and objective) were more likely to have additional medical consultations and make more frequent control visits. In families with a higher level of income, the T1D-induced restriction of child activity was less frequent. Living outside of urban centers was associated with a reduced availability of care or educational facilities adapted to take care of a child with T1D. No statistically significant correlations were observed between demographic and economic factors and the child’s health status expressed by the occurrence of complications. The incidence of the latter, however, affected the child’s family situation.

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Lew-Koralewicz, Aneta. « Psychosocial Functioning and the Educational Experiences of Students with ASD during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 15 (2 août 2022) : 9468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159468.

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Due to their individual developmental and learning needs, adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) benefit from a variety of educational, medical, and therapeutic services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these services were discontinued or significantly reduced, which may have resulted in increased difficulties in coping with various areas of life. The purpose of this study was to explore how the pandemic affected the psychosocial and educational functioning of students with ASD. A qualitative, problem-focused interview method was used. The obtained material was subjected to interpretive phenomenological analysis. The study involved 10 secondary school students diagnosed with ASD. The assessment of the effects of the pandemic on the functioning of people with ASD is inconclusive. The respondents noted both negative and positive effects of lockdown. On the positive side, they were able to spend time with their family, isolate themselves from difficult social relationships and feel better. Among the negative effects, adolescents point to difficulties in emotional functioning—increased levels of stress and anxiety, as well as increased feelings of loneliness and difficulties with online education. The study showed the varied experiences of young people with autism during the pandemic, highlighting the significant need to support some of them in terms of their emotional, social and educational functioning.

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Weremczuk, Arkadiusz, Michał Wielechowski et Joanna Wrzesińska-Kowal. « Developments and convergence of real housing prices in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic : focus on voivodeship capitals ». Turystyka i Rozwój Regionalny, n^o 16 (29 décembre 2021) : 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/tirr.2021.16.24.

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The paper aims to present and assess the changes in real housing prices in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse transaction prices of residential premises in a multi-family housing (apartments) in the primary and secondary markets within 16 administrative capitals of voivodeships. We use quarterly data on House Prices Database collected by the National Bank of Poland and data on quarterly price indices of consumer goods and services from Statistics Poland. The research period covers the period 2018-2021, with distinction into COVID-19- and pre-COVID-19 periods. We observe the highest housing prices in Warszawa, Gdańsk, Kraków, and Wrocław, while the lowest in Zielona Góra and Kielce. Surprisingly, the growth rate in real housing prices in the pandemic sub-period is lower than in corresponding pre-COVID-19 period. In the COVID-19 sub-period, we observe the most significant increases in real estate prices in Zielona Góra and Szczecin in the primary market, and Kraków, Lublin, and Łódź in the secondary market. Additionally, we reveal the existence of regional price convergence in the housing market in analysed cities, both in primary and secondary markets. However, we do not observe a common price convergence, but only convergence clubs (city-groups) where the housing prices tend to converge in the COVID-19 sub-period.

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Przybylska, Daria, Piotr Przybylski, Bartłomiej Drop, Krzysztof Czarnocki, Wojciech Przybylski, Katarzyna Drop et Magdalena Quinton. « A comparison of the levels of satisfaction with the medical services provided by primary healthcare centers in selected communes in Lubelskie Voivodeship ». Polish Journal of Public Health 126, n^o 1 (1 mars 2016) : 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2016-0002.

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Abstract Introduction. Family medicine remains the primary type of medical services in Poland and it is supposed to treat both individual patients and the society as a whole. Due to the growing commercialization of the health service, most primary healthcare centers have transformed into non-public healthcare facilities. The public ones (called SPZOZ in Polish) account only for a small fraction of the whole number of primary healthcare facilities. The quality of medical services provided by such facilities, as patients see it, remains one of the key elements determining the development of family medicine centers. Aim. The aim of this paper was to assess patient satisfaction levels regarding the healthcare services they received in two primary healthcare institutions, both of the NZOZ and SPZOZ type, in a small town located close to Lublin. Material and methods. An anonymous survey was filled out by 30 patients of both a public and non-public healthcare center located in Niemce (Niemce Commune, Lublin District). The quality of services was assessed using an original questionnaire in the form of a poll. Results. The results obtained indicate a clear relationship between one’s trust to the physician, diagnosis accuracy and visiting the particular center again, in order to continue the treatment. For older subjects, it was nurses’ kindness and politeness that was the most important. The elderly appreciated the kindness and politeness of the nurses in particular. No significant differences were found between the institutions in respect of the overall perception of satisfaction with services. In terms of infrastructure assessment, the majority of positive feedback was provided for NZOZ. Conclusions. The findings above suggest that it is essential to conduct surveys on a regular basis, in order to check patients’ assessment of the service quality in various institutons.

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Grewiński, Mirosław, et Marek Kawa. « SOCIAL SERVICES AS A SOCIAL INVESTMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF A NEW INSTITUUTION OF SOCIAL CENTERS IN POLAND, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SOCIAL WORKERS ». SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (28 mai 2021) : 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol6.6344.

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The aim of the article is to present the empirical research conducted among Polish social workers in November of 2020 on the newly created institution named in Polish - - Centrum Usług Społecznych, CUS (Social Service Centers). The article also presents the theoretical framework, but mostly the authors focus on presenting empirical research of 79 social welfare centers in Poland. The main research problem proposed within the article was how social workers perceive the creation of a new institution in municipalities - social service centers and what deficits and strengths they see in the field of creating new social services, that meet new challenges such as aging of society, transformations of labor markets and changes within the family, ecological threats and new pandemics.

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Szukalski, Piotr. « Ludzie bardzo starzy – niewidoczna grupa docelowa polityki społecznej ? » Studia Demograficzne, n^o 2(166) (12 décembre 2014) : 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/sd.2014.2.3.

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The next decades will see a sharp increase in the number of the oldest old in Poland. The increase in the number of people aged 80 years and more will be caused both by the cohort factors, as well as by a decrease in the probability of dying at advanced and very advanced age. The paper is focused on the results of official population forecasts for the oldest old and on the related challenges that should be treated as important by social policy decision makers. Particular attention is paid to surviving to the age of eligibility for receiving long-term care services, changes in health status of the oldest old, factors affecting the range of family care, and to circumstances of death.

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Jońca, Maciej. « „PRZYJAZNY CUDZOZIEMIEC”. UCIECZKA I DŁUGA DROGA ADOLFA BERGERA DO STANÓW ZJEDNOCZONYCH (1938-1942) ». Zeszyty Prawnicze 11, n^o 1 (21 décembre 2016) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2011.11.1.07.

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„A FRIENDLY ALIEN”. ADOLF BERGER’S ESCAPE AND A LONG WAY TO THE UNITED STATES (1938-1942)Summary Adolf Berger (1882-1962) belongs to the group of the most illustrious world romanists. Among his many eminent works one must not forget to quote the monumental “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law”. Berger was born in Lwów in a Jewish family. During his whole life he felt strong connections with Poland. This attitude found its most significant expression after the World War I. Despite his perfect knowledge of German and rich contacts in German speaking countries, Berger offered his services to the reborn Poland. Therefore from 1919 to 1938 he was working as a secretary and then as a legal advisor for the Polish Consulate in Vienna. During that time he did not ceased his research in the field of Roman law. Shortly after Anschluß he left Austria and moved to France and later to Italy. Escaping from the Nazis, he finally settled in New York where he found refuge and could resume his scientific work. His abandonment of Vienna and a long journey to the United States was possible only due to his Polish citizenship.

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Horáková, Nicole, et Jan Kajfosz. « Care of Elderly Germans Suffering from Dementia and other Diseases in Private Social Welfare Institutions in Poland — A Case Study ». Lifelong Learning 6, n^o 1 (2016) : 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele2016060170.

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The European society is getting older and nobody knows how to deal with this problem. There are different models from family care, special housing for elderly to professional institutional care, which has the disadvantage of being very expensive. In Germany we have noticed in the last two or three years a special trend to send old people suffering from dementia to foreign countries, because these people need intensive care and the social services for example in Poland have a high standard. The aim of our survey is to dismantle, by the example of the private care institution situated in Poland, Upper Silesia which specializes on German customers, the social practices associated with placing the elderly in such institutions and also the methods of constructing meanings of these practices providing clarity in the various groups that take part in this process. To reach this aim we used qualitative field research, including discourse and narrative analysis of various materials (interviews, promotional texts, websites), which beside other things allowed us to reconstruct the media image of the surveyed residences for the elderly and show it in a wider context.

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Krakowiak, Piotr. « Gaps in end-of-life care and lack of support for family carers in Poland and Central Eastern Europe ». Palliative Care and Social Practice 14 (janvier 2020) : 263235242095800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2632352420958001.

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The growth of life expectancy in Central Eastern Europe and increase in the number of older people in that region are the consequences of changes in the 1990s period, connected to transition from the communism into a market economy. Central Eastern Europe is already facing consequences of fast ageing and insufficient development of state health care and social services. Those result in gaps in the provision of end-of-life care and overburden of family caregivers. This essay addresses gaps in end-of-life care, showing the development of hospice-palliative care on one side, and highlighting main problems with long-term care on the other. There is scarce support for informal caregivers and lack of cooperation between health and social care. End-of-life care is over medicalized in hospice-palliative care and hardly existing in long-term care. Dying is more a social than medical event, and as such, it should be cared for by compassionate communities, encouraging cooperation of professionals with family caregivers and society. Unfortunately, to date, there is no adequate cooperation in social dimension of end-of-life care in most of Central Eastern Europe. The social dimension of end-of-life care has to be recognized and empowered with the health promoting palliative care and introduction of compassionate communities in Central Eastern Europe.

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Opydo-Szymaczek, Justyna, Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka, Kinga Andrysiak, Zuzanna Witkowska, Alicja Hoffmann-Przybylska, Piotr Przybylski, Ewa Walicka et Karolina Gerreth. « Clinical Consequences of Dental Caries, Parents’ Perception of Child’s Oral Health and Attitudes towards Dental Visits in a Population of 7-Year-Old Children ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 11 (29 mai 2021) : 5844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115844.

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This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the occurrence of the consequences of dental caries and factors affecting dental service utilization in a population of 7-year-old children. The research included oral examination of 7-year-old schoolchildren and socio-medical study of their parents/legal caregivers. It was carried out in five primary schools of two provinces, i.e., Greater Poland and Lubusz. Dental examination was performed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The socio-medical study consisted of questionnaires with close-ended questions concerning socioeconomic characteristics of the family, reasons and time of the last visit at the dental office, consequences of child’s oral health problems, parents’ attitude towards dental visits, and parental opinion about their child’s teeth. Factors affecting utilization of dental services were statistically analyzed using univariate logistic regression assuming p < 0.05. The pufa index of examined children ranged from 0 to 7 (mean 0.80 ± 1.49), while the dmf index ranged from 0 to 14 (3.86 ± 3.32). Low financial burden of oral health expenditures and university education of at least one of the parents significantly increased the chance of visiting a dentist despite lack of pain (OR = 3.0 and 2.5, respectively). In spite of the availability of free dental care for children, socioeconomic factors still determine the utilization of dental services in Poland. Poor oral health status of examined population and negligence of regular dental check-ups emphasize a need to strengthen oral health literacy of parents and children, promoting proper attitudes towards dental care.

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Perera, B., K. Courtenay, S. Elstner et K. Krysta. « Managing challenging behavior in people with intellectual disabilities in communities and reducing hospital stays : Current and future challenges from an European perspective ». European Psychiatry 41, S1 (avril 2017) : S598—S599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.928.

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Prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) ranges from 0.05 to 1.55%. A total of10–15% of the people with ID present with challenging behavior (CB). This causes a significant strain on mental health services. People with ID; end up staying in psychiatric inpatient units for longer periods. Most people with ID move out of their family home to various care settings due to severity of their behavior difficulties. Few European countries have specialist services for people with ID whereas most countries manage people with ID and CB using adult mental health services. There is ongoing debate whether patients with ID and CB need to be managed by specialist services. There are significant financial implications looking after people with ID and CB. This has often led to over prescribing of psychotropic medications to people with ID without a mental disorder to manage their behaviors. There are significant strains on mental health services to manage people with ID and CB. This presentation discusses. Describe people with CB and ID and their characteristics including mental disorder, use of psychotropic medications, socio demographic factors and financial costs to look after them. Social and health care approach to look after people with CB in the UK, Challenges to develop services for people with CB in ID in Germany and Poland. Do we need specialist services for people with ID and CB? Pros and cons.Disclosure of interestCOI: Bhathika Perera, I have received travel grants from pharmaceutical companies to attend ADHD conferences and I have been a speaker at pharmaceutical company sponsored events on ADHD.

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Kowalczyk, Olga. « Ćwierć wieku reformowania systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego osób niepełnosprawnych w Polsce — wybrane aspekty ». Wrocławskie Studia Politologiczne 24 (7 mai 2018) : 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1643-0328.24.5.

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Quarter-century of reform in the social security system for the disabled in Poland — selected aspectsSocial policy regarding people with disabilities has been transformed over the past 25 years. The greatest change is seen in the social security system for this social group, including the area of jurisprudence and the availability of funding and services. The system of supported employment has also been reformed. This paper analyzes the effects of instruments studying employment, highlights selected aspects of the disability pension system that is expected to be adjusted under the new pension system, and discusses some aspects of long-term care - benefits available to dependent family members. The aim of the article is to try to assess the reforms undertaken in the context of the whole-life situation of people with disabilities.

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Szczepańska, Agnieszka. « Urbanization processes related to the development of residential functions in gminas adjacent to the city of Olsztyn ». Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 33, n^o 33 (1 septembre 2016) : 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0030.

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Abstract Political transformations in Poland have led to rapid suburbanization. Suburbias are beginning to develop functions and services characteristic of urban areas. The highest rate of growth is noted in residential development, in particular in the segment of single-family homes. Those developments bring about changes in demographics and social infrastructure. This study analyzes 4,000 real estate transactions conducted in 2007-2014, involving land plots zoned for residential construction, in order to determine the spatial changes that take place in the gminas adjacent to the city of Olsztyn, in view of the development of the local real estate market. The major trends relating to the number of concluded transactions, changes in real estate prices over time, the number of completed construction projects (new single-family homes) and changes in land-use structure are described. Demographic and social changes that inevitably follow from urbanization are described in the analyzed gminas. The results of this study will be used to determine whether Olsztyn’s suburbias are merely “bedroom communities” or whether they constitute autonomous territorial units.

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Marcinowicz, Ludmila, Ewa Fejfer-Wirbal, Ewa Taranta, Slawomir Chlabicz et Slawomir J. Terlikowski. « Experiences and Expectations of Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 : A Qualitative Study in Poland ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 5 (4 mars 2022) : 2992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052992.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many new problems and challenges for medical personnel, patients and their families. The present study aimed to learn the difficulties and expectations of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. A descriptive qualitative research approach was adopted, and the study was carried out using semi-structured telephone interviews with 20 patients according to Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. Two main themes were extracted from the experiences related by patients hospitalized for COVID-19: difficulties resulting from their poor health condition and difficulties resulting from hospital conditions and safety protocols. The patients’ expectations referred to professionalism and family members’ support. From the patient’s perspective, a sense of humor in the care provider is important, apart from professionalism and the effectiveness of treatment, because humor helps the patient endure difficult situations. The findings indicate that patients hospitalized for COVID-19 experienced both positive and negative emotions. Their negative experiences concerned organizational barriers and medical personnel shortages, especially of clinical nurses. Patients’ expectations are realistic and appropriate to the situation they are in. Learning the difficulties and expectations of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 may help care providers cope with this disease more effectively and ensure better care for patients, including nursing and psychological services.

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Czerny, Mirosława, et Andrzej Czerny. « Models for the Spatial Development of Medium-Sized Cities in Poland in the Era of Transformation as Exemplified by Puławy, Płock and Siedlce ». Olsztyn Economic Journal 14, n^o 1 (31 mars 2019) : 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3625.

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Post-1990, urbanisation in Poland took on new forms and features not very clearly on display in urban space before that time. Alongside a dynamic process of suburbanization encompassing ever-greater areas around large cities, there has also been a phenomenon attesting to the occurrence of similar trends of the expansion of built-up areas with urban functions into areas around small and medium-sized urban centres. Taking shape are new wedges of urban construction pushing their way into suburban and rural areas. These are arising along access roads leading between the smaller cities and the large regional centres. It is not only services and industry that are located along these (as was shown in the classical model after Hoyt), since there are also estates of single-family or multi-family housing. The aim of the work described here has thus been to analyse the processes referred to as they are exemplified by the Polish towns or cities of Płock, Siedlce and Puławy. The comparative method deployed in this work is to lead to a proposal for a model of the development of Poland’s urban centres of medium size.

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Białobrzeska, Katarzyna. « Psychosocial Aspects of Seniors’ Transport Exclusion : Selected Issues ». Kultura i Edukacja 136, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2022.02.14.

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Social exclusion is a multidimensional phenomenon extending beyond poverty, unemployment, access to various goods and services, but also covering the scope of breakdown of social ties and a sense of isolation as well as dependence on others. This phenomenon affects various social groups, but seniors experience the effects of social exclusion in a special way. This article aims to show how the transport-related social exclusion of seniors influences their psychosocial functioning. The problem of transport-related exclusion in Poland currently affects 13.8 million people living in municipalities where there is no organized public transport. The article tries to answer the question about the extent to which the surveyed seniors experience transportation disadvantage and how the limited access to public transport affects their psychosocial functioning. The obtained results quite clearly indicate that the elderly experience many effects of transport-related exclusion, which has an impact on the quality of their life. The communication exclusion limits their access to health care, which results in decreasing their health. Seniors experience exclusion due to difficult access to public transport, goods and services that affect their life quality. Research shows that seniors feel dependent on others. Restricting contacts with family and friends causes them to feel lonely.

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Jakubowicz, Anna. « Support instruments for professional activation of persons with health issues by the example of services offered by the social insurance institution ». Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 14, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2021) : 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2021-0034.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The presented text concerns possibilities of professional activation of persons with health issues. Due to health issues the affected persons are at the margin of professional, social and family life. In the paper an attempt has been made to present support instruments offered by the Social Insurance Institution to persons with health issues. Materials and methods: Data of Statistics Poland and data generally available on the website www.zus.pl has been used herein. Results: Return to work of persons with health issues is a complex process and concerns a significant number of the working age population. It should be noticed that professional activation of persons with health issues depends on many factors: currently available medical knowledge, access to medical services, as well as the belief in the possibility of returning to work or the access to support within insurance. Conclusions: Coherent programmes and action plans of the Social Insurance Institution develop effective mechanisms supporting return to work of persons with health issues. Key solutions for these persons should focus on their support in solving ongoing problems, as well as conduct activities in the scope of improving working conditions.

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