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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Family policy – Spain »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

Meil, Gerardo. « The Evolution of Family Policy in Spain ». Marriage & ; Family Review 39, n^o 3-4 (10 août 2006) : 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v39n03_07.

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Valiente, Celia. « The rejection of authoritarian policy legacies : Family policy in Spain (1975–1995) ». South European Society and Politics 1, n^o 1 (juin 1996) : 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608749608454718.

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Valiente, Celia. « The Rejection of Authoritarian Policy Legacies : Family Policy in Spain (1975-1995) ». South European Society and Politics 1, n^o 1 (1 avril 1996) : 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13608749608559514.

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Valarino, Isabel, Gerardo Meil et Jesús Rogero-García. « Family or state responsibility ? Elderly- and childcare policy preferences in Spain ». International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 38, n^o 11/12 (8 octobre 2018) : 1101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-06-2018-0086.

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PurposeSpain is typically considered a familialistic country where the family is the main responsible for individuals’ well-being. Recent demographic, socioeconomic and policy changes raise the question to what extent familialism is regarded as the preferred care arrangement in society or whether more state support is considered legitimate. The purpose of this paper is to analyse individual preferences among Spanish residents regarding care responsibility for pre-school children and the frail elderly, and the factors that influence such preferences.Design/methodology/approachRepresentative data from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme are used (n=1419). Six patterns of care responsibility that capture preferences regarding who, between the family or the state, should provide and pay for the care of pre-school children and the frail elderly are identified. Logistic regressions are performed on each care responsibility pattern to analyse the factors influencing individuals’ preferences.FindingsMultiple preferences coexist and state responsibility is often preferred over family responsibility, especially for elderly-care. It suggests that the tendency to rely on the family in Spain is due to insufficient support rather than to familialistic values. Individuals who usually bear most care work responsibilities, such as women and individuals in caring ages, or those with a poor health, high care load or low income consider there should be extra-family support. Individuals’ values also matter: the least religious, the most supportive of maternal employment and left-wing voters are most likely to reject traditional care arrangements.Originality/valueThis is the first study to analyse both elderly- and childcare policy preferences in one single study. It shows that childcare is more often seen as a family responsibility than elderly care.

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DAATLAND, SVEIN OLAV, et KATHARINA HERLOFSON. « ‘Lost solidarity’ or ‘changed solidarity’ : a comparative European view of normative family solidarity ». Ageing and Society 23, n^o 5 (septembre 2003) : 537–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x03001272.

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This paper discusses filial norms, personal preferences for care, and policy opinions about the proper role of the family and the welfare state in elder care, by drawing from a comparative study of urban populations in Norway, England, Germany, Spain and Israel. Support for filial norms has a north-south dimension in Europe, and is highest in Spain and Israel and lowest – but still substantial – in Norway, England and Germany. National differences in preferences and policy opinions are more substantial, and more or less congruent with national family and social policy traditions. Filial solidarity is, however, not incompatible with generous welfare state arrangements, nor do filial obligations necessarily imply that the family is seen as the ‘natural’ care provider. In fact, many in the countries with the highest scores for filial responsibility still find the welfare state to be the main source of care provision. Normative familism is correlated with expressed familism in individuals' preferences and in policy opinions, but the correlations are weak, implying that while filial solidarity may be resilient, as circumstances alter its expressions change.

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Ntoung, A. T. Lious, Jorge Eduardo Vila Biglieri, Ben C. Outman, Eva Masárová, Aziz Babounia et Cacilia Mesonge Kome. « Family firms and performance empirical analysis from Spain ». Corporate Ownership and Control 14, n^o 4 (2017) : 380–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i4c2art4.

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This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of family-controlled firms on corporate performance, using financial information of 47590 family firms from 2010 to 2014. From the overall sample, approximately two-third of family firms have concentrated ownership, meanwhile, the remaining one-third have dispersed and unknown ownership. With respect to generation, 76% of the family firms were in the first generation, 21% for the second generation and approximately 3% for the third generation. The main findings are that ownership structure of family firms have a positive impact on their performance. Specifically, family firms with concentrated ownership outperformed family firms with dispersed ownership; however, family firms in the 1ª generation outperform family business in the 2ª and 3ª generation. Also, aggressive incentive policy negatively affects the performance of family business for the 1ª generation and has no impact on performance for 2ª and 3ª generational firms. Unlisted family firms have lower performance than listed family firms. Lastly, medium size family businesses outperform than small and large size family businesses.

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Ivanova, Olga, et Anastassia Zabrodskaja. « Family language policy in Russian-Estonian and Russian-Spanish multilingual settings ». Russian Journal of Linguistics 25, n^o 4 (18 décembre 2021) : 1047–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-4-1047-1070.

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This paper primarily focuses on the family language policy of bilingual Russian-Estonian and Russian-Spanish families in relation to the maintenance of Russian as a heritage language. Its main objective is to identify social factors that either help or hinder this process. In doing so, this paper searches for commonalities and specificities of the mainstream attitudes towards Russian as a heritage language in Estonia and Spain, by analysing the sociolinguistic situation of Russian in both countries and by examining the factors conditioning the maintenance of Russian as a heritage language in family settings. Our research is based on an in-depth analysis of a variety of sources, mainly quantitative statistical and demographic data on self-reported language behaviour and language ideologies in mixed families from Estonia (n = 40) and Spain (n = 40). The main results of our comparative study confirm the general positive attitude towards Russian as a heritage language, but they also highlight an important variability of these attitudes both between countries and within each community. We show that these attitudes directly determine the principles of family language policy, the parents strategies to transmit Russian as a heritage language, and the level of proficiency in Russian as a heritage language in the second generation. These results allow us to conclude that, as a heritage language, Russian relies on strong attitudinal support in even small communities, like Estonian or Spanish, but also that its confident transmission should rely on external subsidy.

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Dierckx, Myrte, et R. Lucas Platero. « The meaning of trans* in a family context ». Critical Social Policy 38, n^o 1 (30 octobre 2017) : 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018317731953.

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Though research into gender transition has grown in the social sciences and policy has turned its attention to the rights of trans* people, the social and family environment in which gender transition takes place is often overlooked. Based on qualitative data from two projects in Belgium and Spain addressing the experiences of parents and children undertaking a gender transition, this article explores the experiences of these families. First, we look into the reflective processes that take place within these families. Second, we look into the experience of stigmatisation and the relationship between trans* families and health professionals. These findings have implications for trans* families as well as for policy makers and trans* health professionals.

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Costa-Font, Joan, et Concepció Patxot. « The Design of the Long-Term Care System in Spain : Policy and Financial Constraints ». Social Policy and Society 4, n^o 1 (janvier 2005) : 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746404002131.

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The provision and financing of long-term care (LTC) in Spain has only recently become a policy concern. However, welfare policy reforms show the need to anticipate the effects of a transition from the traditional ‘family-based’ model of care (78 per cent of Spanish elders who are disabled are treated by their own families) to a modern ‘community-based’ model. This paper examines the current models of providing and funding long-term care in Spain and on the basis of the empirical evidence evaluates the prospects for the future organisation and funding of the system.

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Churchill, Harriet, Sofía Baena, Rosemary Crosse, Lucia Jiménez et MIchelle Millar. « Developing family support services : A comparison of national reforms and challenges in England, Ireland and Spain ». Social Work and Social Sciences Review 21, n^o 2 (18 mai 2020) : 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v21i2.1418.

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A major aspect of contemporary European family policies has been substantial developments in ‘family and parenting support services’ albeit under challenging conditions of austerity in recent years. This article compares and reviews national reforms in family support, child welfare and positive parenting services in England, Ireland and Spain. The analysis critically compares national ‘system-wide’ reforms and frontline service-based innovations; and situates these within broader national and European policy contexts. The article examines the degrees and ways in which children’s and family services reforms across all three countries have been shaped by family support, children’s rights and social investment policy orientations; and deliberates national differences in the scope, timing and longevity of reforms. It raises critical issues from rights-based perspectives and reflects on cross-national insights.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

Welsh, Peter T. « The relationship between ideology and changing family policies in France, the United Kingdom and Spain ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34218.

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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the relationship between party political ideology and changing family policies during the 1980s and 1990s in France, the UK and Spain. It explores theoretical perspectives on political ideology, policy analysis and policy change. Different disciplinary approaches to the analysis of public policy are reviewed in relation to policy change and ideologies. The thesis tests theories of ideology by applying them in three substantive case studies of family policy change in France, the UK and Spain. Each case study analyses the manifestos of the major political parties in relation to eight family policy instruments, pro-family statements and their position in relation to the opposing state intervention dimensions of public/private and family/individual. The policy measures are further considered within two dimensions: regulatory and support.

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McCann, Joseph H. IV. « Imágenes Imaginarias : La Ficción de España Bajo Francisco Franco ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/637.

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Setia, Diarta. « Small and Medium Sized Enterprise(SME) in Social and Political Context： A Case of Metal-working Industry in Indonesia 1980s-2015 ». Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235976.

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NALDINI, Manuela. « Evolution of social policy and the institutional definition of family models : the Italian and Spanish cases in historical and comparative perspective ». Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5334.

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Defence date: 7 October 1999
Examining Board: Prof. Stefano Bartolini (Supervisor) European University Institute ; Prof. Chiara Saraceno (Co-supervisor) University of Turin ; Prof. Colin Crouch, European University Institute ; Prof. Luis Moreno, Instituto de Estudios Sociales Avanzados-CSIC, Madrid
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

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Livres sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

G, Unger Donald, et Powell Douglas R, dir. Families as nurturing systems : Support across the life span. New York : Haworth Press, 1991.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2003.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Naldini, Manuela. Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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The Family in the Mediterranean Welfare States. Routledge, 2003.

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Hakim, Catherine. Models of the Family in Modern Societies : Ideals and Realities : Ideals and Realities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Powell, Douglas, et Donald G. Unger. Families As Nurturing Systems : Support Across the Life Span. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

Palop-García, Pau. « Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Spanish Citizens Abroad ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 457–72. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_27.

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Abstract This chapter outlines the social protection policies that Spain has adopted to target Spanish nationals abroad. First, it describes the diaspora infrastructure and the key engagement policies developed in the last years by Spain. Subsequently, the chapter focuses on five social protection policies: unemployment, health care, pensions, family-related benefits, and economic hardship. The findings reveal that Spain has adopted a diaspora strategy that targets different emigrant groups such as exiles of the Civil War and early Francoism and their descendants, Spaniards that emigrated to other European countries during the 1950s and 1960s, and new emigrants that left the country due to the consequences of the financial crisis of 2008. Findings also show that, although Spain has developed a wide array of services to target its diverse diaspora, it still lacks a comprehensive scheme of social protection abroad. Moreover, the results suggest that Spain has adopted a subsidiary social policy strategy abroad that is triggered when the social protection offered by states of reception is lacking.

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Brooks, Rachel, Jessie Abrahams, Predrag Lažetić, Achala Gupta et Sazana Jayadeva. « Access to and Experiences of Higher Education Across Europe : The Impact of Social Characteristics ». Dans European Higher Education Area : Challenges for a New Decade, 197–209. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_14.

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Abstract Policymakers across Europe have increasingly emphasised the importance of paying close attention to the social dimension of higher education and taking further steps to ensure that the composition of Europe’s universities more adequately reflects the diversity of the wider population. While there have been a number of studies that have explored this through analyses of European- and national-level policy and others that have assessed a range of quantitative indicators related to student diversity, this chapter assumes, in contrast, an interpretivist stance; it is interested in the perspectives of those studying and working ‘on the ground’ within the European Higher Education Area. Specifically, we seek to answer this research question: To what extent do students and staff, across Europe, believe that higher education access and experiences are differentiated by social characteristics (such as class/family background, race/ethnicity/migration background, gender and age)? In doing so, we draw on data from a large European Research Council-funded project, including 54 focus groups with undergraduate students (a total of 295 individuals) and 72 in-depth individual interviews with members of higher education staff (both academic and non-academic). Fieldwork was conducted in three higher education institutions in each of the following countries: Denmark, UK-England, Germany, Ireland, Poland and Spain—nations chosen to provide diversity with respect to welfare regime, relationship to the European Union and mechanisms for funding higher education. We explore commonalities and differences between staff and students and between different countries, before identifying some implications for policymakers keen to promote further social inclusion within Europe’s higher education institutions (HEIs).

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Rossier, Jérôme, Ieva Urbanaviciute, Fabian Gander, Jenny Hofmann, Jonas Masdonati et Willibald Ruch. « Vulnerabilities and Psychological Adjustment Resources in Career Development ». Dans Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 253–67. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_16.

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AbstractTo describe vulnerabilities and resources in career development, it is important to consider a life-span and life-long perspective, the different layers of a person’s self, and the interaction between the person and the surrounding environment. To this end, macro- (i.e., public policies, labor market transformations), meso- (i.e., family structure, organizations), and micro-level (i.e., personal factors) determinants have to be considered. The impact of these different levels in our contemporary word leads to a destandardization of career paths and to an increase in the number and complexity of career transitions posing a challenge to people because of the associated risk of marginalization, especially for disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. To understand the dynamics of career development and related adjustment processes, it is important to consider the interplay between work-related vulnerabilities and employees’ adjustment resources. Several contextual resources, such as peer support, or personal resources, such as adaptability, are known to promote work-related and general well-being. This carries important implications for policy-making, promoting life-long learning and guidance, decent and sustainable work, and social inclusion. Moreover, it informs various interventions, in particular those aimed at increasing access to life-long guidance for all.

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Linos, Katerina. « Family Policy Development in Greece and Spain ». Dans The Democratic Foundations of Policy Diffusion, 150–74. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199967865.003.0007.

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Picontó Novales, Teresa. « The Development of ‘Shared Custody’ in Spain and Southern Europe ». Dans Routledge Handbook of Family Law and Policy, 229–37. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003058519-20.

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Hong, Ijin, et Jieun Lee. « Does social investment make the labour market ‘flow’ ? Family policies and institutional complementarities in Italy, Spain, Japan and South Korea ». Dans Welfare Reform and Social Investment Policy, 129–66. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447352730.003.0006.

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This chapter investigates whether social investments improve labour market flow by focusing on work–family reconciliation policy and women's labour market participation. It provides an overview on which institutional configurations one should consider to understand how the labour market flows during women's life cycles. The chapter then analyses Italy, Spain, Japan and South Korea and their institutional configurations. By investigating social investment latecomers in East Asia (Japan and Korea) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy), the chapter reveals that social investment reform itself does not automatically lead to higher female employment rates, because the effectiveness of work–family reconciliation policy hugely depends on the institutional context. Ultimately, the chapter asserts that social investment strategies should be context-sensitive and tailored to different structural and institutional configurations if they are to be suitable and effective. It claims that, in order for social investment reform to be successful, complementary institutional reform is required.

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Palomera, David, et Margarita León. « The Growth and Consequences of Quasi-markets in Long-Term Care ». Dans The Oxford Handbook of Family Policy, 961—C44.P94. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197518151.013.45.

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Abstract This chapter investigates how the extension of markets in Western Europe’s long-term care (LTC) systems has shaped the provision of care over the most recent decades. The chapter pays attention to the provision of formal LTC, with a special focus on public and private relationships, taking into consideration the relevance of national and regional contexts. The chapter outlines relevant conflicts that quasi-markets and New Public Management (NPM) logics have brought to care economies. It shows the extent to which the impact of quasi-markets on care provision is mediated by specific market dynamics, such as who is available to provide good quality care and political economy contexts, including power relations between different actors. The chapter’s last section explores the introduction of quasi-markets in nursing homes in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in relation to two main issues: the impact of market structures and concentration dynamics on determining outcomes and the capacity to monitor, regulate, and hold private actors accountable in these four countries. The authors draw the conclusion that concentration dynamics in the nursing home sector should be carefully assessed, especially when it comes to understanding how investment capacity and capital accumulation affect public control. The exploration of recent quasi-market dynamics in the nursing home sector of the four countries studied here poses the fundamental question of how to reconcile the interests of powerful market actors and the responsibility of the state toward providing for good social care for all.

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Bürgisser, Reto. « The Partisan Politics of Family and Labor Market Policy Reforms in Southern Europe ». Dans The World Politics of Social Investment : Volume II, 86–107. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197601457.003.0004.

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This chapter sheds light on the role of political parties as social investment protagonists, consenters, or antagonists in the reform of labor market and family policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Drawing on original, hand-coded data of three decades of labor market and family policy reforms in Southern Europe, the findings show divergent social investment trajectories. While Spain and Portugal have started to develop contours of a social investment agenda, little progress has been made in Italy and Greece. Programmatic political competition and government partisanship play a role in accounting for these divergent trajectories. Center-left parties have acted as the primary social investment protagonists in Spain, Portugal, and Italy. However, the Italian center-left remains fragmented and has rarely been in government. In stark contrast, both center-right and center-left parties in Greece have acted as social investment antagonists. Political and economic turmoil in the wake of the Eurozone crisis paints a bleak picture for the further development of social investment in Southern Europe. Once fiscal constraints can eventually be overcome, a core question remains as to what extent an inclusive social investment coalition can be formed in an ever more fragmented political landscape.

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Anderson, Peter. « The Role of Family Visitors in Supervising, Removing, and Returning Children ». Dans The Age of Mass Child Removal in Spain, 218–35. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844576.003.0011.

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Family visitors supervised children released on probation and strove to guide youngsters and their parents towards the faith. They insisted on children being baptized, studying the catechism, and, where necessary, placing them in Catholic boarding schools. They consistently looked to the spiritual rather than material welfare of the families. In this endeavour they targeted poor families, political families, and Protestants. Despite this, family visitors were overworked, floundered in the face of family resistance, and frequently chose the most lenient policy available. This allowed parents to petition for the return of their children or to keep their children with only a few desultory inspections of their homes carried out. Children exploited these weaknesses. In some cases they simply walked out of care homes and returned to live with their families. Children on probation also proved willing to denounce parents they despised for their immoral behaviour.

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Bravo, Amaia, Eduardo Martín et Jorge F. del Valle. « The Changing Character of Residential Care for Children and Youth in Spain ». Dans Revitalizing Residential Care for Children and Youth, 179—C13.P60. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197644300.003.0013.

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Abstract This chapter details the progression of Spanish residential care through a period of civil war followed by 40 years of dictatorship, when large institutions prevailed. The arrival of a democratic government in the late 1970s marked the beginning of a period of transformation in child welfare, including the introduction of family foster care and the expansion of family support services, the evolution of standards for residential care, and the development of research alliances with Spanish universities to identify effective strategies for residential staff training. Spain’s residential care population includes a high percentage of unaccompanied minors who, along with youth who present with severe behavioral and emotional problems, are a present focus of concern. The chapter concludes with the matrix used throughout the book, which provides information about the current policy context, key trends and initiatives, characteristics of children and youth served, preparation of residential care personnel, promising programmatic innovations, and present strengths and challenges.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

O'hara, Patrick J., Frank A. Grant, A. Betty, J. Haldmen et Mark J. Murray. « Structure of the Human Factor VII Gene ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643786.

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Factor VII is a member of a family of vitamin K-dependent, gamma-carboxylated plasma protein which includes factor IX, factor X, protein C, protein S and prothrombin. Activated factor VII (factor Vila) is a plasma serine protease which participates in a cascade of reactions leading to the coagulation of blood. Two overlapping genomic clones containing sequences encoding human factor VII were isolated and characterized. The complete sequence of the gene was determined and found to span 12.8 kilobases. The mRNA for factor VII as demonstrated by cDNA cloning is polyadenylated at multiple sites but contains only one AAUAAA poly-A signal sequence. The mRNA can undergo alternative splicing forming one transcript containing eight segments as exons and another with an additional exon which encodes a larger pre-pro leader sequence. The portion of the pre-pro leader coded for by the additional exon has no known counterpart in the other vitamin K-dependent proteins. The positions of the introns with respect to the amino acid sequence encoded by the eight essential exons of factor VII are the same as those present in factor IX, factor X, protein C and the first three exons of prothrombin. These exons code for domains generally conserved among members of this gene family, including a pre-pro leader (the essential exon la and alternative exon lb), a gamma-carboxylated domain (exons 2 and 3) a growth factor domain (exons 4 and 5) an activation region (exon 6) and a serine protease (exon 8). The corresponding introns in these genes are dissimilar with respect to size and sequence, with the exception of the third intron in factor VII and protein C. Four introns and a portion of exon 8 in factor VII contain regions made up of tandem repeats of oligonucleotide monomer elements. More than a quarter of the intron sequences and more than a third of the 3' untranslated portion of the mRNA transcript consist of these minisatellite tandem repeats. This type of structure is responsible for polymorphisms due to allelic variation in repeat copy number in other areas of the human genome. Tandem repeats can evolve as a result of random crossover in DNA whose sequence is not maintained by selection. This suggests that much of the sequence information present in the introns and untranslated portion of the message is dispensable.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Family policy – Spain"

Thompson, John, Thompson, John, Njuguna Ndung’u, Miguel Albacete, Abid Q. Suleri, Junaid Zahid et Rubab Aftab. The Impact of Covid-19 on Livelihoods and Food Security. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2021.002.

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Studies of livelihoods and food systems since the start of the global pandemic in 2020 have shown a consistent pattern: the primary risks to food and livelihood security are at the household level. Covid-19 is having a major impact on households’ production and access to quality, nutritious food, due to losses of income, combined with increasing food prices, and restrictions to movements of people, inputs and products. The studies included in this Research for Policy and Practice Report and supported by the Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Programme span several continents and are coordinated by leading research organisations with a detailed understanding of local food system dynamics and associated equity and livelihood issues in their regions: (1) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa; (2) supporting small and medium enterprises, food security, and evolving social protection mechanisms to deal with Covid-19 in Pakistan; and (3) impact of Covid-19 on family farming and food security in Latin America: evidence-based public policy responses.

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Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh et Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint : A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.

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