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Jankosz, Magdalena. « Perswazyjna funkcja werbalnych i niewerbalnych metafor na przykładzie konferencji polskiego rządu podczas tzw. trzeciej fali epidemii COVID-19 ». "Res Rhetorica" 8, no 3 (1 octobre 2021) : 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29107/rr2021.3.4.
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Celem artykułu jest pokazanie, w jaki sposób metafory werbalne i niewerbalne współdziałają ze sobą, aby służyć perswazji. Materiał badawczy stanowi nagranie wideo konferencji polskiego rządu, dotyczącej kolejnej fali pandemii COVID-19 (marzec 2021). Wyniki badania przeprowadzonego przy wykorzystaniu metody zintegrowanej analizy komunikacyjnej wskazują dominację metaforyki wojny, klęsk żywiołowych, władzy i czasu.
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Bielniak, Nel. « Oblicza samotności w epistolografii rosyjskich emigrantów pierwszej fali ». Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 61, no 4 (12 mars 2024) : 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.846.
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A strong sense of loneliness and alienation was a common feature among Russian emigrants of the first wave, who were suddenly forced to leave the country due to the revolutionary events of 1917 and the civil war. They were unexpectedly deprived of contact with their loved ones and familiar places, losing their common denominator: their homeland. Thrown into a foreign world, they desperately missed their relatives and friends, the sounds of their native language, and the familiar materiality of life. The resulting feeling of loneliness led to various types of problems: lack of adaptation to new socio-cultural realities, social isolation, identity crisis, deteriorating mental and (or) physical condition, and creative impotence. Coping strategies for the traumatic experience of emigration included voluntary ghettoization, linguistic purism, and an extremely active exchange of letters with relatives and friends, which somewhat compensated for the lack of physical contact and direct conversation. Through correspondence, some sought information about loved ones left behind, while others sought deeper understanding, sympathy, and the chance to share their problems and fears. The analyzed epistolary material reveals similarities in the fates of the first wave of Russian emigrants, who, regardless of their origin and financial status, experienced similar problems and emotions. This is evident in the correspondence of both well-known emigrants (Mikhail Arcybashev, Ivan Bunin, Vera Muromtseva-Bunina, Aleksandr Kuprin, Nadezhda Teffi, Boris Zaitsev) and less well-known representatives of the post-October diaspora (Klaudia Fłorovskaya, Alexei Gvozdiński).
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Duda, Katarzyna. « Między Wschodem a Zachodem (pisarze czwartej fali emigracji rosyjskiej) ». Kultura Słowian Rocznik Komisji Kultury Słowian PAU 19 (22 décembre 2023) : 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25439561ksr.23.003.18980.
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Between the East and the West (Writers of the Fourth Wave of Russian Emigration) This article attempts to define the phenomenon of the fourth wave of Russian emigration in relation to writers leaving their homeland after the symbolic collapse of the USSR, or who are descendants of representatives of the third wave. The characteristics of contemporary emigration that differ from previous waves of refugees and the reasons for leaving their homeland are indicated here. The destinations of emigrants (USA, Canada, Switzerland, Israel) that shape the specifics of the mental landscape of the newcomers, the barriers, the borders that they have to overcome in order to establish good relations with the citizens of their host countries are also included. Indeed, the aim of multiculturalism is not to tear down walls, but to build bridges. In this respect, dialogue and the associated language as a fundamental distinctive feature of culture that determines the identity of each person is of paramount importance. The current of post-memory, autobiographical and memoir literature, promoted by many emigrants, is linked to identity and its recovery. As far as young emigrants are concerned, they have to live in a global village, in a specific uniformity introduced by the 21st century, which makes mobility one of the most important values.
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Kopciewicz, Lucyna, et Marcin Welenc. « COVID i zwierzęta. Zwierzęco-ludzka rodzinność i zwierzęca przestrzeń miejska w czasach pandemii ». Zoophilologica, no 2 (12) (29 décembre 2023) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zoophilologica.2023.12.04.
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Podczas pierwszej, drugiej i trzeciej fali zakażeń koronawirusem w Polsce autorzy prowadzili badania empiryczne online inspirowane teoretycznym potencjałem socjologii codzienności oraz socjologii katastrof. Jednym z problemów, który ujawnił się podczas realizacji tego projektu, była kwestia zmieniających się relacji ludzi i zwierząt, zmian zachowań zwierząt podczas lockdownu oraz zmian w zakresie zachowania ludzi wobec zwierząt. Interpretacje wyników badań przedstawione w tym artykule dotyczą dwóch sfer: sfery domowej – i zwierząt, które w niej zamieszkują oraz przestrzeni miejskiej – i zwierząt wolnożyjących (także zwierząt bezdomnych, porzuconych). Wyniki badań, zdaniem autorów, przyczyniają się do poszerzenia wiedzy o ludzko-zwierzęcej rodzinności oraz wiedzy o ekosystemach miejskich i możliwościach ich kulturowo-przyrodniczej eksploracji.
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Chałupnik, Małgorzata, et Gavin Brookes. « Discursive acts of resistance ». Gender and Language 16, no 3 (18 novembre 2022) : 308–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/genl.20148.
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Ogolnopolski Strajk Kobiet (All-Poland Women's Strike) is a grassroots campaign established in Poland in 2016 in response to the proposed tightening of abortion laws but which also engages with broader social, feminist and women's rights issues. Using a critical approach to multimodal discourse analysis, this article analyses the postings of the campaign on its main social media platform, Facebook, investigating closely the types of multimodal speech acts, referred to here as 'communicative acts', employed therein. The article examines the forms that such communicative acts take and the broader functions they fulfil within the (online and offline) context of the campaign. The observed communicative acts contribute towards and indeed enact the protest quite directly, forming an important part of the campaign's discourse of feminist dissent.Ogolnopolski Strajk Kobiet powstal we wrzesniu 2016, na fali protestow wywolanych propozycja prac nad zaostrzeniem polskiego prawa aborcyjnego. Ruch zajmuje sie rowniez szerzej pojetymi zagadnieniami spolecznymi i feministycznymi oraz prawami kobiet. Przedmiotem naszej analizy sa posty Ogolnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet na platformie spolecznosciowej Facebook. W odniesieniu do postow tego ruchu zastosujemy krytyczna analize dyskursu, skupiajac sie na multimodalnych aktach mowy, do ktorych bedziemy sie w tym artykule odnosic jako do 'aktow komunikacyjnych'. W kontekscie dyskursu Ogolnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet bedziemy obserwowac formy i funkcje niniejszych aktow komunikacyjnych. W naszym artykule postulowac bedziemy, ze posty Ogolnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet sa czesto bezposrednia forma protestu, tworzac wazna czesc dyskursu masowego zrywu i buntu feministycznego.
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SCHULZE, CHRISTIAN, et DIETRICH STAUFFER. « MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF THE RISE AND THE FALL OF LANGUAGES ». International Journal of Modern Physics C 16, no 05 (mai 2005) : 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183105007479.
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Similar to biological evolution and speciation, we define a language through a string of 8 or 16 bits. The parent gives its language to its children, apart from a random mutation from zero to one or from one to zero; initially all bits are zero. The Verhulst deaths are taken as proportional to the total number of people, while in addition languages spoken by many people are preferred over small languages. For a fixed population size, a sharp phase transition is observed: For low mutation rates, one language contains nearly all people; for high mutation rates, no language dominates and the size distribution of languages is roughly log-normal as for present human languages. A simple scaling law is valid.
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Greenhill, Simon J. « Levenshtein Distances Fail to Identify Language Relationships Accurately ». Computational Linguistics 37, no 4 (décembre 2011) : 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00073.
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The Levenshtein distance is a simple distance metric derived from the number of edit operations needed to transform one string into another. This metric has received recent attention as a means of automatically classifying languages into genealogical subgroups. In this article I test the performance of the Levenshtein distance for classifying languages by subsampling three language subsets from a large database of Austronesian languages. Comparing the classification proposed by the Levenshtein distance to that of the comparative method shows that the Levenshtein classification is correct only 40% of time. Standardizing the orthography increases the performance, but only to a maximum of 65% accuracy within language subgroups. The accuracy of the Levenshtein classification decreases rapidly with phylogenetic distance, failing to discriminate homology and chance similarity across distantly related languages.This poor performance suggests the need for more linguistically nuanced methods for automated language classification tasks.
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Deutscher, Guy. « The rise and fall of a rogue relative construction ». Studies in Language 25, no 3 (31 décembre 2001) : 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.3.02deu.
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In the earliest attested stage of the Akkadian language, relative clauses were introduced by a pronoun which agreed in case with the head noun in the main clause, rather than with the relativized NP in the relative clause. Such a system is extremely rare across languages, is demonstrably dysfunctional, and has been termed ‘inherently disfavoured’. This article attempts to explain how Akkadian acquired this rogue relative construction, and how the language then managed to get rid of it. I argue that this construction was only an unstable way-station in the emergence of a new relative clause in the language. The final section of the article examines the few parallels from other languages to the Old Akkadian system.
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Santosa, Bernadette. « Aspects of Successful Multilingualism ». Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no 1 (1 janvier 2024) : 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1401.17.
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Multilingualism is always an interesting case, particularly regarding how multilingual individuals maintain their languages. Sometimes they are successful, but sometimes due to some factors, they fail to maintain their languages which leads to language attrition. This paper compares three multilingual Indonesians from two different generations in terms of how their languages were acquired, what those languages meant to them, and what has happened to those languages. Questionnaire and semi-structured interview results reveal that while attitude towards the second language is a factor not to be underestimated, the opportunity to use a second language also plays a significant role in one’s language maintenance. In addition, government policy is a critical factor. One alarming finding is that positive progress does not always result in positivity in attitude, particularly attitudes toward the first language.
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JONOSKA, NATAŠA, et JONI BURNETTE PIRNOT. « TRANSITIVITY IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCAL LANGUAGES DEFINED BY DOT SYSTEMS ». International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 17, no 02 (avril 2006) : 435–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054106003917.
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The paper investigates two-dimensional recognizable languages that are defined by the so-called "dot systems" that are special subgroups of (ℤ/2ℤ)ℤ2. The dot shapes that provide directional transitivity or mixing for the related language are investigated. It is shown that languages defined by parallelogram shapes fail to be transitive in the direction of a defining vector and hence fail to be mixing, while certain triangular shapes guarantee that the factor language of the associated dot system will be mixing. Dot systems belong to a class of two-dimensional shift spaces that have a factor language such that every admissable block can be extended to a configuration of the entire plane. For this class of shift spaces we introduce a finite graph (i.e., a finite state automaton) that recognizes two-dimensional local languages, then show that certain transitivity properties may be observed from the structure of the finite graph.
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Ong, Teresa Wai See, et Su-Hie Ting. « Children deciding the family language in Chinese families in multiethnic Malaysia ». NOTION : Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 5, no 1 (9 mai 2023) : 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v5i1.6833.
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Chinese parents fail to maintain use of their heritage languages for family communication because their children seem to wield their own power in deciding the home language. Little is known about how micro-language decisions at family level are influenced by macro-societal language use patterns and sociopolitical contexts. This study examined the influence of children’s family language policy on use of heritage languages by Chinese families in multiethnic Malaysia. Data on the language practices, language ideologies, and management strategies of two families were obtained using semi-structured interviews with the mother/father. The findings show that heritage languages prevailed when the children were young. The switch to dominant languages, particularly Mandarin and English, was triggered by the medium of instruction in school. Interestingly, it was the younger children in the family who actively exerted their agency to influence their family language practice in favour of the dominant languages as the means of family communication. The findings indicated that exposure to the heritage language through the media, having grandparents as carers, and parents’ frequent assertions on the value of the heritage language are not sustainable for heritage language maintenance.
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Bowern, Claire. « Relatedness as a Factor in Language Contact ». Journal of Language Contact 6, no 2 (2013) : 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00602010.
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Contact-induced change among related languages has been considered problematic for language reconstruction. In this article, I consider several aspects of the theory of language change and ways in which contact might interact with language relatedness. I show that models of language change which extrapolate dialect-contact models to languages and subgroups are problematic, and fail to take into account the unevenness of degrees of difference between languages across families. That is, diffusability clines that apply to speech communities and dialects do not appear to be in evidence for languages and subgroups. I further show that many claims about relatedness as a factor in language contact are confounded by other factors that are distinct from language relatedness, such as geographical proximity. Claims about effects of language contact appear to reduce to the type of interaction that speakers participate in, rather than structural facts about their languages. I argue that our current toolkit for reconstruction is adequate to identify contact features. Finally, I provide a typology of cases where contact might be expected to be problematic for subgrouping.
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Moyo, Themba. « Problems in Implementing Instructional Languages : Why the Language-in-Education Policy will fail ». Language Matters 32, no 1 (janvier 2001) : 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190108566174.
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Henriques, Anna Smirnova, Aleksandra S. Skorobogatova, Tatiana V. Kachkovskaia, Pavel A. Skrelin, Svetlana Ruseishvili, Sandra Madureira et Irina A. Sekerina. « Braporus, spoken corpus of heritage russian in Brazil ». Cadernos de Linguística 3, no 1 (26 septembre 2022) : e629. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2022.v3.n1.id629.
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Heritage speakers represent a special category of bilinguals who are exposed to their first language at home in the childhood, but later acquire the main language of their society that becomes dominant. Brazil has numerous communities of heritage speakers of many languages such as Japanese, German, Italian, Polish, and Ukrainian; however, only few speech corpora are being collected. In the current work, we describe the protocol of the data collection and discuss some points about data management for the BraPoRus (Brazilian Portuguese-Russian) corpus, a spoken corpus of heritage Russian in Brazil. The participants are 26 elderly speakers who were born in Brazil or came to Brazil as children in the 1950s. The protocol of the data collection includes: 1) a brief sociodemographic questionnaire; 2) a working memory test in Russian and Brazilian Portuguese using the Month-Ordering task; 3) a semi-spontaneous narrative about the history of the participants’ family and their immigration to Brazil; 4) the Bilingual Language Profile; 5) a sociolinguistic interview with 139 questions; 6) unscripted dialogues between participants in Russian; 7) intonation task; and 8) reading task. The BraPoRus corpus contains more than 160 hours of speech recordings and represents a unique collection of heritage Russian in Brazil. We expect that the protocol described in this work will be useful both for Brazilian linguists who study other heritage languages, and for research on heritage Russian in other countries.
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Cordeiro, Joana. « RALF - Rastreio de Linguagem e Fala (Language and Speech Screening) ». Revista Portuguesa de Terapia da Fala 04 (1 décembre 2015) : 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21281/rptf.2015.04.07.
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DE HOUWER, ANNICK. « Parental language input patterns and children's bilingual use ». Applied Psycholinguistics 28, no 3 (11 juin 2007) : 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716407070221.
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This article reports on a study that addresses the following question: why do some children exposed to two languages from early on fail to speak those two languages? Questionnaire data were collected in 1,899 families in which at least one of the parents spoke a language other than the majority language. Each questionnaire asked about the home language use of a family consisting of at least one parent and one child between the ages of 6 and 10 years old. The results show that the children in these families all spoke the majority language, but that minority language use was not universal. Differences in parental language input patterns used at home correlated with differences in child minority language use. Home input patterns where both parents used the minority language and where at most one parent spoke the majority language had a high chance of success. The “one parent–one language” strategy did not provide a necessary nor sufficient input condition. Implications for bilingual families are discussed.
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Dayan, Serdar, et Yunus Yildiz. « The Factors Leading Learners to Fail in End of Year English Test from the Unsuccessful Students Perspective - Erbil Sample ». International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no 12 (2 décembre 2022) : 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i12.688.
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Foreign language acquisition is not an easy situation and continues within a certain program and process. Furthermore, no matter what a foreign language it is, the individual who wants to learn the language faces difficulties. These difficulties are sometimes caused by prejudice against speech and the inability to get rid of habits. Since the individuals living in Iraq are a multinational state, the number of people who know at least two languages is quite high. However, while people who acquire languages are good at speaking, their writing skills have not developed well enough. In face-to-face conversations, some prospective students learnt the English language by watching television or playing online games.
This research is a qualitative study. In this study, we evaluated the first-year English language learners' thoughts about their failure at the year-end pass exam through an unstructured face-to-face interview made with 10 students who were subjected to 30 weeks of intensive language education in the 2021-2022 academic year in the language preparatory year of a private university. In the interview, students were asked one open-ended question. Their responses were recorded, not changed and then scripted as they said. As a result, the three most important reasons affecting students' learning of foreign languages were found. These include 1- Internet addiction, 2- Failure to do assigned homework 3- Overconfidence.
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Makena, Bulelwa, et Ntando Mpahla. « PERCEPTIONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS ON CODE-SWITCHING APPROACH TOWARDS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT ». PUPIL : International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning 6, no 1 (15 mars 2022) : 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2022.61.1525.
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This paper explores how code-switching can be meaningfully used as an empowerment approach towards improving learners’ performance in the English language. In cultures with people using more than one language for communication, code-switching exists. Bilinguals as speakers of many languages, code-switch, using their languages resourcefully at conveying meaning in a variety of ways. Code-switching occurs every day during teaching and learning as most subjects in the curriculum are offered in the English language. Teaching and learning the English language in South Africa is characterized by serious challenges because the government is advocating for use of home languages for all subjects of lower grades in primary schools. However, teachers still encounter challenges when using English as a medium of instruction in preceding grades because learners fail to comprehend challenging concepts and terminologies presented to them in a language besides their home language. This qualitative study revealed that using code-switching can be a worthwhile approach for use in bilingual classrooms. A possible recommendation is that English language teachers should utilize code-switching as an approach to assist language development as learners in schools investigated emanate from diverse cultures, underpinned by different linguistic backgrounds and linguistic constituencies.
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Kihm, Alain. « Lexical Conflation as a Basis for Relexification ». Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 34, no 3 (septembre 1989) : 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013517.
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Substratal influences as an explanation for creolization (and language change generally) often fail to convince for one major reason, namely that, in most cases, the possible substratum for a given creole language is now separated from the site where creolization took place by a wide historical and geographical gap. This, for example, is the case of the West African languages vis-à-vis the Caribbean Creoles.
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Maldonado, Mora, et Jennifer Culbertson. « Nobody Doesn’t Like Negative Concord ». Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 50, no 6 (12 novembre 2021) : 1401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-021-09816-w.
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AbstractLanguages vary with respect to whether sentences with two negative elements give rise to double negation or negative concord meanings. We explore an influential hypothesis about what governs this variation: namely, that whether a language exhibits double negation or negative concord is partly determined by the phonological and syntactic nature of its negative marker (Zeijlstra 2004; Jespersen 1917). For example, one version of this hypothesis argues that languages with affixal negation must be negative concord (Zeijlstra 2008). We use an artificial language learning experiment to investigate whether English speakers are sensitive to the status of the negative marker when learning double negation and negative concord languages. Our findings fail to provide evidence supporting this hypothesised connection. Instead, our results suggest that learners find it easier to learn negative concord languages compared to double negation languages independently of whether the negative marker is an adverb or an affix. This is in line with evidence from natural language acquisition (Thornton et al. 2016).
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Jungbluth, Konstanze. « Os pronomes demonstrativos do Português Brasileiro na fala e na escrita ». Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 7 (17 novembre 2010) : 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v7i0.9747.
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The aim of this paper is to propose a system of the demonstrative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese within the broader context of the other Romance languages. The results of the qualitative research show important differences between the spoken and the written variety. Thus a double-faced systematization is developed. The multi-faceted process of reduction and re-establishment from two- to three-terms-paradigms and vice-versa from Latin to neo-latin languages, esp. from Portuguese to Brazilian Portuguese might be of interest not only for linguists working on Romance Languages but also for those interested in typology, language change and processes of grammaticalization.
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Kandler, Anne, Roman Unger et James Steele. « Language shift, bilingualism and the future of Britain's Celtic languages ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 365, no 1559 (12 décembre 2010) : 3855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0051.
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‘Language shift’ is the process whereby members of a community in which more than one language is spoken abandon their original vernacular language in favour of another. The historical shifts to English by Celtic language speakers of Britain and Ireland are particularly well-studied examples for which good census data exist for the most recent 100–120 years in many areas where Celtic languages were once the prevailing vernaculars. We model the dynamics of language shift as a competition process in which the numbers of speakers of each language (both monolingual and bilingual) vary as a function both of internal recruitment (as the net outcome of birth, death, immigration and emigration rates of native speakers), and of gains and losses owing to language shift. We examine two models: a basic model in which bilingualism is simply the transitional state for households moving between alternative monolingual states, and a diglossia model in which there is an additional demand for the endangered language as the preferred medium of communication in some restricted sociolinguistic domain, superimposed on the basic shift dynamics. Fitting our models to census data, we successfully reproduce the demographic trajectories of both languages over the past century. We estimate the rates of recruitment of new Scottish Gaelic speakers that would be required each year (for instance, through school education) to counteract the ‘natural wastage’ as households with one or more Gaelic speakers fail to transmit the language to the next generation informally, for different rates of loss during informal intergenerational transmission.
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Say, A. C. Cem, et Abuzer Yakaryilmaz. « Magic coins are useful for small-space quantum machines ». Quantum Information and Computation 17, no 11&12 (septembre 2017) : 1027–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic17.11-12-6.
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Although polynomial-time probabilistic Turing machines can utilize uncomputable transition probabilities to recognize uncountably many languages with bounded error when allowed to use double logarithmic space, it is known that such “magic coins” give no additional computational power to constant-space versions of those machines. We show that adding a few quantum bits to the model changes the picture dramatically. For every language L, there exists such a two-way quantum finite automaton (2qcfa) that recognizes a language of the same Turing degree as L with bounded error in polynomial time. When used as verifiers in public-coin interactive proof systems, such automata can verify membership in all languages with bounded error, outperforming their classical counterparts, which are known to fail for the palindromes language. Corollaries demonstrate even faster machines when one is allowed to use a counter as memory, and an alternative proof of the uncountability of stochastic languages.
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Loi, Kristina. « DIRECTIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTION IN “BEFORE I FALL” MOVIE SCRIPT” ». Research on English Language Education 5, no 1 (3 mai 2023) : 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.57094/relation.v5i1.875.
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This research was aimed to analyze the types of directive language function in Before I Fall Movie Script and describe the meanings of directive language function in Before I Fall movie script. This research designed by using qualitative research with descriptive qualitative approach. The data was obtained from movie script of Before I Fall. The data was collected by downloading Before I Fall movie script, finding the words, phrases or sentences which consist of directive language function, the analyze it which found out. In analyzing the data, the researcher used theory of Miles, Huberman, & Saldaria (2014:31-33). To examine the credibility of this study the researcher used triangulation such as data triangulation, investigator triangulation and theory triangulation. Based on the result, the researcher found three of the types of directive languages function, they are 25 commands, 19 requests, 11 suggestion. It can be concluded that the dominant directive used in “Before I Fall” movie script is commands are 25. Based on the conclusions, the research would give contribution for the college students especially at English Department, that script of Before I Fall movie can be used as a material college students to broaden and develop their knowledge about directive language function and three of the types directive language function in Before I Fall movie script. And also for the readers or for the next researcher, the researcher suggested this research can be used as a conception and reference in conducting research related to directive language function.
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Putri, Tantry Oktafika Sari. « TEORI BREAK : GAYA BAHASA DALAM LIRIK LAGU IWAN FALS DAN SLANK ». Jurnal Hata Poda 1, no 2 (2 janvier 2023) : 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/hatapoda.v1i2.6717.
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Style of language is a form described in the conduct of elections diction, phrases and clauses in a sentence. Either in writing or orally. In the selection of diction are some by the author. For some writers, the choice of diction is very important that the purpose and the intended meaning precisely the reader in mind. The lyrics are considered a work rich in diction metaphors or parables. In this paper have two songwriter and singer who uses song lyrics figurative meaning that the lyrics performed by Iwan Fals and Slank. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method with some additional techniques. Then combined with the theory that includes Base BREAK Discourse, Discourse Relations, Equilibrium Discourse, Discourse Actualization, Sustainability Discourse. The lyrics were created by Iwan Fals selected as the primary discourse containing style figurative language and imagery. While the lyrics Slank used as a secondary discourse that only a few uses language metaphors or parables. As a comparison the lyrics of this song were analyzed based languages or parable uses. Keywords: BREAK Theory, language in style, song
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Santos, Maria Emília. « Speech and Language Therapy : Five decades of history in PortugalMar ». Revista Portuguesa de Terapia da Fala 01 (1 juillet 2014) : 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21281/rptf.2014.01.06.
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Heinrich, Patrick. « Waves of Language Diversity Loss in Japan : An Ecological and Theoretical Account ». Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 3, no 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/jala.v3-i1-a2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Linguistic diversity has seen two large waves of the loss of linguistic diversity across history. The first wave occurred with the transition from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies, a process that started 11,000 years ago with the Neolithic revolution when agrarian societies colonized territories of hunter-gatherer communities. The second wave started with the establishment of modern nation states and the creation and diffusion of national languages. It is in the latter setting that the vast majority of language endangerment cases are set today. Endangered languages are predominantly replaced by national languages (and not by global English). The institutions of the ‘nation state’ and of ‘national language’ constitute fundamental problems for ethnolinguistic minorities, because their establishment entail the threat of either exclusion or assimilation of these minorities from the nation. In such a situation, minority language and their speakers do usually not fare well. Without altering the modernist language ecologies that exist in modern nation states, language maintenance and revitalization activities are bound to fail in their principal objectives. In this paper, I examine the rise of language nationalism in Japan in the Meiji period (1868-1912), depict how it led to language endangerment, and show how it continues to shape believes about language in contemporary Japan, also within endangered language revitalization activities and policies themselves. Language revitalization requires language ideological clarification, a recalibration of the relations between majority and minorities, and fundamentally new language policies. In the final part, I report on partial changes that can be seen in this direction for the case of the endangered Ainu and Ryukyuan languages in Japan, and analyze to what extent the local language revitalization movements and efforts have so far succeeded in “remaking social reality” (Fishman 1991: 411) together with the majority population of Japan.
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Tuite, Kevin. « The Rise and Fall and Revival of the Ibero-Caucasian Hypothesis ». Historiographia Linguistica 35, no 1-2 (7 mars 2008) : 23–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.35.1-2.05tui.
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Summary The hypothesis that the three indigenous Caucasian language stocks (Abkhaz-Adyghean, Nakh-Daghestanian, and Kartvelian) are genetically related has little support at the present day among linguists specializing in these languages. Nonetheless, the so-called ‘Ibero-Caucasian’ hypothesis had strong institutional backing in Soviet Caucasology, especially in Georgia, and continues to be invoked in certain contemporary discourses of a political and identitarian nature. In this paper the history of the Ibero-Caucasian hypothesis will be presented against the background of research into the autochthonous languages of the North and South Caucasus, and also in connection with the historiographic debate over the relation of Abkhazia to Georgia.
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Amin, Irsal. « The Influence Of Language Interest On Students Foreign Language Learning Outcomes (Arabic-English) ». TAZKIR : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial dan Keislaman 5, no 2 (30 décembre 2019) : 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/tazkir.v5i2.2306.
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The problem of learning foreign languages has always been a barrier in the process of learning interaction that makes foreign languages a scourge for students. This also creates certain difficulties for teachers in carrying out the process of teaching foreign languages, not to mention talking about the egoism of teachers who fail to see and develop students' language interests. Previous research studies indicate that the problem of learning foreign languages is a psychological problem.This research is a mixed-method study that combines quantitative-qualitative approaches to explain the influence of language interest on students’ learning outcomes at Al-Abroor Modern Islamic Boarding School in South Tapanuli Regency. The data collection methods in this study used interview and questionnaires to determine language interest and students’ learning outcomes by carrying out written test.The sample in this study were 141 students from a population of 380 people. The data analysis technique in this study used descriptive statistics to find out students' language interest and learning outcomes both in Arabic and English. The findings of this study indicate that students’ language interest is greater in Arabicwith thelanguage interest percentage at 80.60% and learning outcomes at 63.54%. Meanwhile, the English language interest is at 71.48% with learning outcomes at 28.36%. This finding, thus, shows that the difference in students' language interest in Arabic and English is 9.12% with a difference in learning outcomes of 34.87. This research also shows that language interest grows naturally and internally within students which is then strengthened by other supporting factors. In this case, the Arabic language interest in students grew stronger because of the use of Arabic in other subjects. Therefore, it can be concluded that developing language interest can be a factor that supports the successful implementation of language learning.
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Ingham, Richard. « Maintenance and change in language contact : The case of anglo-norman ». Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 84, no 2-3 (2017) : 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/zdl-2017-0016.
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van Driem, George. « The fall and rise of the phoneme /r/ in Eastern Kiranti : sound change in Tibeto-Burman ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 53, no 1 (février 1990) : 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00021273.
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The Kiranti languages are spoken in eastern Nepal and western Sikkim. What I call Eastern Kiranti in this article includes the languages Limbu, Yakkha, Yamphe, Yamphu, Lohorung and Mewahang. Further study will probably demonstrate that other languages spoken to the east of the SĀlpĀ watershed, such as Sam, underwent the same developments described here and must also be included in Eastern Kiranti. The autonyms used by the Limbus, Yakkha, Yamphe, Yamphu and Lohorung are indicative of a close historical relationship between them. The Limbu call themselves Yakthuŋba; the Yakkha call themselves Yakkha; and the Yamphe, Yamphu and Lohorung refer to their language as Yakkhaba.
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De Mauro, Tullio. « Rileggendo il terzo corso di linguistica generale di Ferdinand de Saussure (1910–1911) ». Historiographia Linguistica 27, no 2-3 (17 octobre 2000) : 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.27.2.07mau.
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Summary The last of the three series of lectures on general linguistics which Saussure gave in Geneva during the academic year 1910–1911 provided the editors large portions of the text of the Cours de linguistique générale. However, the editors completely modified the order of these parts in relation to the plan that Saussure had mapped out and followed inhis lectures. These changes obscured the relationships between the parts and certain fundamental ideas of his thinking. In particular, they eclipsed the role which played, for Saussure, ‘the laws which universally are at play in language’ and search he conducted along those lines. These laws also imposed important limits on the arbitrariness of the sign. In the third course, Saussure shows more than one of those limits: the necessarily systematic nature of language; the effects of phonetic change; the delimiting temporality of any language. The spacial diversity of languages finds its origin in the temporal diversification under the influence de ‘la masse parlante’. It is due to this variability of any system that, according to Saussure, we find opposition between universal laws, on the one hand, and the written languages which cover up the constant variations encountered in spoken language. As a careful philologist, Saussure could not fail to pay attention to the written languages. Still, they become, in as much as they interfere with spoken language, an element of variation.
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Kaplan, Robert B., Richard B. Baldauf et Nkonko Kamwangamalu. « Why educational language plans sometimes fail ». Current Issues in Language Planning 12, no 2 (mai 2011) : 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2011.591716.
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Schurr, Hagay, Jason Kandybowicz, Abdoulaye Laziz Nchare, Tysean Bucknor, Xiaomeng Ma, Magdalena Markowska et Armando Tapia. « Absence of Clausal Islands in Shupamem ». Languages 9, no 1 (21 décembre 2023) : 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9010007.
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Decades-long research on islands has led to the conclusion that island constraints are candidates for language universals. A recent surge in research on islandhood in African languages has revealed some would-be island configurations that are transparent for A¯- dependency formation. In this article, we show that in Shupamem, all clausal configurations expected to have the status of opaque island domains fail to block the formation of long-distance A¯- dependencies involving object ex situ focus. In support of the claim that A¯- movement has occurred in such cases, we rely on evidence from three wh- movement diagnostics (weak crossover effects, reconstruction phenomena and quantifier float). Furthermore, we show that non-movement dependencies across purported island boundaries in the language are also possible through the licensing of “island”-internal negative concord items by external non-local negators. We conclude that clausal island effects fail to materialize in Shupamem ex situ focus constructions and negative concord item-licensing domains. Based on an exploratory typological survey of islands in African languages, we indicate a trend toward varying degrees of island permeability in the area, concluding that while Shupamem is not an isolated example, it features one of the most permissive grammars known to date in this respect.
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Han, Benjamin. « Ethnic/Diasporic/Transnational : The Rise and Fall of ImaginAsian TV ». Television & ; New Media 19, no 3 (27 avril 2017) : 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417704705.
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This article examines the rise and fall of ImaginAsian TV to illustrate the travails of imagining a broadcast community of Asian Americans and the potential effect this has on the politics of representation. Drawing on institutional politics, media history, and oral interviews, the article analyzes the problematic conceptualization of a homogeneous Asian American audience, and further explicates how the usage of the English language in ImaginAsian’s programming strategy, despite its syndicated programs in different Asian languages, could not accommodate the disparate but interconnected cultural logics of transnationalism, race and ethnicity, and diaspora which structure Asian and Asian American identities.
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Urbieta, Alexandra Santamaría, et Elena Alcalde Peñalver. « Spanish for Tourism Textbooks : A SWOT Analysis to Determine their Present and Future ». Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 22, no 3 (septembre 2022) : 723–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-6398202221310.
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Abstract Being Spanish one of the most frequent languages of study, this paper aims to analyze, through a SWOT study, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Spanish for tourism textbooks so as to determine their present and future. In doing so, the authors of this manuscript have carried out a qualitative and quantitative study. After an online discussion with four experienced language teachers, we have elaborated an observation checklist that contributes to the field of study and could serve as a tool to analyse language textbooks. We have applied this observation checklist to analyse ten Spanish for tourism textbooks. Results show that textbooks in this field have been adapted to the new realities of language teaching but still fail to include important elements for the correct development of all the skills.
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Laponce, Jean. « Politics and the Law of Babel ». Social Science Information 40, no 2 (juin 2001) : 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901801040002001.
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The world language system is profoundly affected by the increase in the frequency and density of communication on a world scale. Most of the languages spoken today are not expected to survive the century and most of those surviving will lose or fail to get control of some higher functions of communication, notably in the fields of commerce and science. The minority languages best able to resist the pressure of more powerful competitors are those having a government as their champion, and their best overall protective strategy remains territorialization, either within the boundaries of a unilingual state or, in the case of multilingual societies, on the territorial model of Switzerland and Belgium that juxtaposes rather than mixes languages at the regional level.
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GEORG, STEFAN, PETER A. MICHALOVE, ALEXIS MANASTER RAMER et PAUL J. SIDWELL. « Telling general linguists about Altaic ». Journal of Linguistics 35, no 1 (mars 1999) : 65–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226798007312.
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The hypothesis of an Altaic language family, comprising the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean and, in most recent versions, Japanese languages continues to be a viable linguistic proposal, despite various published claims that it is no longer accepted. A strong body of research continues to appear, developing and refining the hypothesis, along with publications that argue against a demonstrated relationship among these languages. This paper shows that many of the arguments against a genetic relationship fail to address the criteria demanded in modern historical linguistics, while many of the responses from proponents of the Altaic theory have failed to address the criticisms raised. We hope that arguments focusing on the real issues of phonological correspondences and morphological systems will shed greater light on the relationship among these languages.
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Ali, Mohsin, Sai Teja Kandukuri, Sumanth Manduru, Parth Patwa et Amitava Das. « PESTO : Switching Point Based Dynamic and Relative Positional Encoding for Code-Mixed Languages (Student Abstract) ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no 11 (28 juin 2022) : 12901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21587.
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NLP applications for code-mixed (CM) or mix-lingual text have gained a significant momentum recently, the main reason being the prevalence of language mixing in social media communications in multi-lingual societies like India, Mexico, Europe, parts of USA etc. Word embeddings are basic building blocks of any NLP system today, yet, word embedding for CM languages is an unexplored territory. The major bottleneck for CM word embeddings is switching points, where the language switches. These locations lack in contextually and statistical systems fail to model this phenomena due to high variance in the seen examples. In this paper we present our initial observations on applying switching point based positional encoding techniques for CM language, specifically Hinglish (Hindi - English). Results are only marginally better than SOTA, but it is evident that positional encoding could be an effective way to train position sensitive language models for CM text.
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Feijó, Flávia R., et Yûki Mukai. « Crenças de alunos brasileiros (de japonês como le) em relação à habilidade de fala em língua japonesa ». Estudos Japoneses, no 34 (7 mars 2014) : 46–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2447-7125.v0i34p46-70.
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Although researches on beliefs about language learning has grown significantly in number, the number of the studies that cover different languages and different topic/subareas is still scare (BARCELOS, 2003b, 2006, 2007). Hence, the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the Brazilian students’ beliefs about their speaking ability in the target language. The research methodology was qualitative, using a comparative case study design. The analyzed context was a public university of the Federal District, and the participants were two students of non-Japanese descent. The relationships between the beliefs, participants’ actions and the use/choice of learning strategies were analyzed. The origins of beliefs based on students’ previous learning experiences were also investigated. The results showed that the students’ beliefs influence the use and development of their speaking ability and the participants’ expectation of success or failure are also directly related to the use of Japanese language
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Chen, Nuo, Linjun Shou, Ming Gong et Jian Pei. « From Good to Best : Two-Stage Training for Cross-Lingual Machine Reading Comprehension ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no 10 (28 juin 2022) : 10501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21293.
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Cross-lingual Machine Reading Comprehension (xMRC) is a challenging task due to the lack of training data in low-resource languages. Recent approaches use training data only in a resource-rich language (such as English) to fine-tune large-scale cross-lingual pre-trained language models, which transfer knowledge from resource-rich languages (source) to low-resource languages (target). Due to the big difference between languages, the model fine-tuned only by the source language may not perform well for target languages. In our study, we make an interesting observation that while the top 1 result predicted by the previous approaches may often fail to hit the ground-truth answer, there are still good chances for the correct answer to be contained in the set of top k predicted results. Intuitively, the previous approaches have empowered the model certain level of capability to roughly distinguish good answers from bad ones. However, without sufficient training data, it is not powerful enough to capture the nuances between the accurate answer and those approximate ones. Based on this observation, we develop a two-stage approach to enhance the model performance. The first stage targets at recall; we design a hard-learning (HL) algorithm to maximize the likelihood that the top k predictions contain the accurate answer. The second stage focuses on precision, where an answer-aware contrastive learning (AA-CL) mechanism is developed to learn the minute difference between the accurate answer and other candidates. Extensive experiments show that our model significantly outperforms strong baselines on two cross-lingual MRC benchmark datasets.
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Huffines, Marion Lois. « Acquisition Strategies in Language Death ». Studies in Second Language Acquisition 13, no 1 (mars 1991) : 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100009712.
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Nonsectarian Pennsylvania Germans who are the first generation in their families to learn English natively, often attempt to learn the Pennsylvania German that their families no longer regularly use. This study assesses the process of acquiring a dying language by investigating learners' use of the Pennsylvania German dative case. Learning strategies are remarkably free of reliance on English rules. Evidence indicates that speakers rely on what they have learned and seek analogies within Pennsylvania German, resorting to English only when other strategies fail. The search for near-congruity identified as operative across languages operates within the learner language as internal analogy. Learners also seek to maximize the distance between English and Pennsylvania German and emphasize the distinctiveness of each.
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Bousfiha, Adiba, et Abdelfattah Laabidi. « Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure in Moroccan EFL learners’ Requests ». Studies in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis 4, no 1 (1 juillet 2023) : 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48185/spda.v4i1.744.
Texte intégralRésumé :
“Most of our misunderstandings of other people are not due to any inability to hear them or to parse their sentences or to understand their words…. A far more important source of difficulty in communication is that we so often fail to understand a speaker’s intention”
(Miller in Thomas 1983:92)
The concern in this paper is with such situations where we fail to understand “what is meant by what is said” thus with situations of pragmatic failure especially in an area of cross-cultural communication. Undoubtedly, these are situations where the actual use of language for the maintenance and preservation of social harmony among interactants depict clearly cross-language variations and interference. The discussion will revolve around such basic issues as: a) how interactional events in intercultural communication establish relationships between participants marking dimensions of social distance, status and politeness, b) the effects which different linguistic forms in different languages can have on the performance of the foreign language learner and c) basically the implications of all this for the teaching of the pragmatic competence to the non-native speakers of English, with special reference to the teaching of English at the university level in the Moroccan context.
Keywords: Intercultural communication; politeness; pragmatic failure; Requests.
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Menken, Kate, et Sharon Avni. « Challenging Linguistic Purism in Dual Language Bilingual Education : A Case Study of Hebrew in a New York City Public Middle School ». Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 37 (septembre 2017) : 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190517000149.
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ABSTRACTDual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs, in which students are taught language and academic content in English and a partner language, have dramatically grown in popularity in U.S. schools. Moving beyond the teaching of Spanish and Chinese, DLBE programs are now being offered in less commonly taught languages and attracting new student populations. Based on qualitative research conducted in a New York City public middle school that recently began a Hebrew DLBE program, we found that this program, in its inception and design, challenges traditional definitions of DLBE and offers new understandings about bilingual education for the 21st century. We argue that the policies and guidelines for the provision of DLBE and the scholarship upon which they are based are rooted in notions of linguistic purism that fail to consider or meet the needs of communities enrolling in bilingual education programs today.
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Qi, Ruying, et Bruno Di Biase. « The influence of the environmental language (Lε) in Mandarin-English bilingual development : The case of transfer in wh- questions ». International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no 4 (5 octobre 2019) : 691–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919876716.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: This study investigates the significance of the linguistic environment’s role in accounting for the nature of wh- in situ transfer. Previous research shows structural transfer from wh- in situ languages towards non- wh- in situ languages in bilingual children, usually affecting the weaker language. Explanations variously argue in terms of dominance of the child’s language and/or structural overlap and complexity, but transfer is said to be blocked if the languages are not isomorphic. However, these explanations fail to account for cases where all the above conditions are met but transfer does not materialise. We propose to re-examine the issues focusing on wh- in situ transfer in a Mandarin-English bilingual child. Our research questions centre around whether structural conditions and the child’s dominant language sufficiently account for transfer or lack thereof and whether the (neglected) role of the environmental language is significant. Design/Methodology: From wh- in situ research we identify 10 separate configurations differing with respect to some variable(s) and examine longitudinal data from a Mandarin-English bilingual child (age 1;7–4;6) growing up in a context-bound one language–one environment situation. Data/Analysis: The data consists of 83 audio-recordings and diary entries of naturalistic productions collected over three years. The distribution of wh- questions in context in each language was analysed in all transcriptions. Findings/Conclusions: No evidence was found of wh- in situ transfer, despite the child’s Mandarin dominance and the English-Mandarin isomorphism. The environmental language (Lε) cannot be underestimated. Originality: New evidence on wh- question development in a constellation not previously considered becomes critical when compared to earlier studies and identifies a significant, and hitherto neglected, role for the environmental language in understanding the nature of transfer. Significance/Implications: The findings suggest that approaches considering internal factors (structural overlap, complexity, isomorphism), or the child’s language dominance, do not exhaustively cover the conditions that predict whether or not transfer occurs.
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Phillips, Julie. « Language delay : Why do parents fail appointments ? » International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 11, no 11 (novembre 2004) : 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2004.11.11.17204.
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Agee, Joshua R. « Using Historical Glottometry to Subgroup the Early Germanic Languages ». Journal of Germanic Linguistics 33, no 4 (11 novembre 2021) : 319–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Historical Glottometry, introduced by Kalyan & François (2018), is a wave-based quantitative approach to language subgrouping used to calculate the overall strength of a linguistic subgroup using metrics that capture the contributions of linguistic innovations of various scopes to language diversification, in consideration of the reality of their distributions. This approach primarily achieves this by acknowledging the contribution of postsplit areal diffusion to language diversification, which has traditionally been overlooked in cladistic (tree-based) models. In this paper, the development of the Germanic language family, from the breakup of Proto-Germanic to the latest period of the early attested daughter languages (namely, Old English, Old Frisian, Gothic, Old High German, Old Low Franconian, Old Norse, and Old Saxon) is accounted for using Historical Glottometry. It is shown that this approach succeeds in accounting for several smaller, nontraditional subgroups of Germanic by accommodating the linguistic evidence unproblematically where a cladistic approach would fail.
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Sheshukova, Svetlana, Svetlana Lapitskaja et Elena Proudchenko. « On the Analysis of Youth Slang as one of the Subsystems of Modern Russian and English Languages ». SHS Web of Conferences 69 (2019) : 00090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196900090.
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Slang is an essential element of culture. Learning a foreign language is inextricably linked with the study of the culture of native speakers. Teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in foreign language classes contributes to the students' vocabulary, understanding informal speech patterns found in media texts and everyday communication with native speakers, developing speaking and listening skills. As a rule, at a foreign language class, students improve their listening, reading, speaking and writing skills through various study materials. Even with these skills, you can fail to communicate with native speakers, read magazines, watch television programmes and travel to foreign countries. The paper discusses the possibility of teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in a foreign language class at a technical university. To substantiate the need to study slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs, the authors attempted to find out how the youth slang is formed and the reasons for its functioning. Youth slang in modern Russian and English languages has been compared and analyzed.
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Faingold, Eduardo D. « Language rights in the United States island territory of Guam ». Language Problems and Language Planning 42, no 2 (21 juin 2018) : 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00015.fai.
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Abstract This article examines the language legislation of the United States territory of Guam as stated in the Organic Act of Guam (1950) and its legal statutes. The article seeks to offer suggestions about how the quality of this language legislation might be improved. As in a few states in the United States (i.e., Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico), Guam established linguistic laws with provisions that protect the language rights of Chamorro speakers, the native population of Guam, especially in the areas of education and language standardization. In spite of the impressive array of language laws enacted by Guam’s legislature to teach Chamorro language and culture in the schools for more than half a century, the use of English is increasing, while that of Chamorro continues to shrink in Guam, which may be due to a lack of buy-in by the indigenous Chamorro population with respect to the importance of expanding the use of this language for the purpose of maintaining a modern-day Chamorro identity.
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Yovel, Jonathan. « The Creation of Language and Language without Time : Metaphysics and Metapragmatics in Genesis ». Biblical Interpretation 20, no 3 (2012) : 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851512x651102.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis essay makes two related arguments regarding the relation of the performative language of creation in Genesis 1 to temporality and to existence. The first explores how Biblical Hebrew constructs atemporal language in order to designate divine action that does not presuppose temporality through an under-researched device known as grammatical aspect. The second offers a new explanation of why language was the instrument of creation ex nihilo to begin with. It argues that fiat lux should be understood as the instant of the metalinguistic creation of language itself. Together these claims suggest that standard readings of the biblical creation narrative, especially when relying on translations that presuppose temporal categories in their grammatical forms and thus in their metaphysical commitments (as Germanic languages, such as English, do), fail to express the radical nature of the creation narrative —placing divine creation in time and telling, in essence, a flawed story. While offering primarily a linguistic argument, this essay also adds to the discussion of the relations between language and the metaphysical commitments of mimesis in general.