Articles de revues : « Fair value reporting FASB »

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Beams, Joseph D., Anthony J. Amoruso et Frederick M. Richardson. « Discretionary Reporting of Stock Options by IPO Firms ». Accounting Horizons 19, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2005) : 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2005.19.4.223.

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The revision of SFAS No. 123 (SFAS No. 123R, FASB 2004) requires companies to recognize the fair value of employee stock options. In addition, nonpublic companies will no longer be permitted to assume stock price volatility of zero when calculating the fair value of their stock options. This study finds that the zero volatility assumption allowed under the original version of SFAS No. 123 (FASB 1995) resulted in an average estimated fair value of options that was $1.06 (40 percent) less than the fair value calculated using a peer group volatility estimate for firms undergoing an initial public offering (IPO). However, IPO firms that estimated their volatility underreported option values by an even larger magnitude than the group using the zero volatility assumption. Perhaps these firms reported a downward-biased estimate of volatility to inhibit analysts from computing option values using more reasonable volatility estimates. Contrary to the findings for public companies, we find that a large percentage of sample firms issued in-the-money options prior to going public. Following the IPO, only a small portion of firms issued in-the-money options. The concerns regarding recognizing option expense may be less important than the benefits of granting in-the-money options for IPO firms.

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Zamora-Ramírez, Constancio, et José Morales-Díaz. « The Use of Fair Value Measurement in Financial Reporting : A Literature Review ». Estudios de Economía Aplicada 36, n^o 2 (2 juin 2019) : 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v36i2.2540.

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Desde hace unos cuarenta años, el valor razonable se ha venido utilizando cada vez más en las normas emitidas por el IASB y por el FASB. En este sentido, ha existido un gran debate con relación a la relevancia y a la fiabilidad del valor razonable como método de valoración. En principio, los marcos conceptuales del IASB y del FASB se basan en el Paradigma de la Utilidad, y el valor razonable debería aplicarse si ofrece información relevante a los inversores. En el presente artículo revisamos las investigaciones previas en torno al valor razonable (centrándonos en el área de instrumentos financieros y la relevancia del valor razonable). Hemos clasificado los artículos en líneas de investigación y hemos analizado principales conclusiones obtenidas en cada línea. Los autores concluyen que el valor razonable es el modelo que mejor refleja las actividades de gestión de riesgo. La información que ofrece el valor razonable es generalmente relevante para los inversores. La evidencia es mayor en los valores razonables clasificados en los Niveles 1 y 2.

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Tritschler, Charles A., Joseph H. Godwin et Stephen R. Goldberg. « Understanding foreign currency derivative measurements as FASB moves toward fair value reporting ». Journal of Corporate Accounting & ; Finance 7, n^o 3 (1996) : 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcaf.3970070309.

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Chasteen, Lanny G., et Charles R. Ransom. « Including Credit Standing in Measuring the Fair Value of Liabilities—Let's Pass This One to the Shareholders ». Accounting Horizons 21, n^o 2 (1 juin 2007) : 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2007.21.2.119.

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Measuring and reporting liabilities at fair value is part of the FASB's overall project on fair value measurement and reporting. The FASB has taken the position that in measuring and reporting the fair value of a liability, such as a debt financial instrument, the fair value measure should reflect the credit standing of the issuer. Furthermore, changes in fair value, including the effect of changes in the issuer's credit standing, should be reported as gains and losses on the issuer's income statement. Whether liabilities should be reported at fair value and whether the fair value measure should incorporate credit standing and changes in credit standing are controversial issues. The primary controversy centers on the counterintuitive results of an entity's recording of a loss if its credit standing improves or a gain if its credit standing deteriorates. In this paper, we advocate an alternative position. We propose that liabilities be measured and reported using risk-free rates. This proposed approach recognizes the default risk portion of a debt's fair value as a distribution to shareholders when the liability is incurred. Our proposal supports the FASB's position that an entity's cost of borrowing, that is, interest expense on the entity's income statement, should reflect its credit standing and changes in its credit standing. We believe that our approach to accounting for liabilities is a viable alternative that warrants consideration. It avoids counterintuitive results, is consistent with the theories underlying the pricing of debt securities, and is more consistent with a going-concern assumption that an entity is expected to fulfill its debt obligations.

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Gray, Dahli, Monica Jorge et Laura Rodriguez. « Goodwill Accounting Alternative : Private Versus Non-private Companies ». Journal of Social Science Studies 3, n^o 1 (16 octobre 2015) : 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v3i1.8433.

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<p>This article examines the accounting change effective after December 15, 2015 and illustrates the Goodwill Accounting Alternative available to private companies as introduced by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-18 Business Combinations (Topic 805) Accounting for Identifiable Intangible Assets in a Business Combination—a consensus of the Private Company Council (PCC). The measurement and reporting results of private companies are compared with those of public business entities and not-for-profit entities (i.e., non-private companies) for the same in-scope transactions (i.e., acquisitions, assessing fair value under the equity method, and reorganizations). If a private company adopts the FASB ASU 2014-18, then it must also adopt the FASB ASU 2014-02 Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) Accounting for Goodwill—a consensus of the PCC. This results in the private company amortizing goodwill over 10 or fewer years using the straight-line method. Non-private companies use goodwill impairment testing involving fair value measurements. The illustration presented includes a comparison of the initial and subsequent period measurement and reporting requirements and results and indicates that financial accounting choice can result in a significant monetary difference in the total reported owners’ equity.</p>

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Linsmeier, Thomas J. « Financial Reporting and Financial Crises : The Case for Measuring Financial Instruments at Fair Value in the Financial Statements ». Accounting Horizons 25, n^o 2 (1 juin 2011) : 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-10024.

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SYNOPSIS The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (2010) proposes that all financial instruments be measured at fair value in the financial statements. This commentary provides one Board member's reasoning for supporting this proposal, which is based on (1) evidence that the amortized cost model failed to provide timely information about the deteriorating financial condition of failed banks in the current financial crisis, (2) lessons learned from prior financial crises affecting financial institutions in the United States and Japan, and (3) research evidence indicating that fair value measures are most highly correlated with banks' exposures to interest rate and credit risk—two key risk exposures that have led to bank failures in the three most recent financial crises.

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Pompili, Marco, et Marco Tutino. « Fair value accounting and earning management : The impact of unobservable inputs on earning quality. Evidence from the US ». Corporate Ownership and Control 16, n^o 2 (2019) : 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv16i2art1.

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Accounting standard boards (IASB and FASB) are aimed at designing high-quality standards able to increase transparency and comparability of financial reporting. They have chosen fair value accounting (FVA) approach to improve the quality of financial reporting and at the same time help financial reporting users in the decision-making process. During recent years, an intense debate has arisen about the trade-off between relevance and reliability of accounting information using this approach. Many authors outline problems related to the fair value hierarchy valuation of financial instruments, in particular, the discretionary use of unobservable inputs in financial instruments valuation process in support of earnings management. Tutino and Pompili (2018) have identified a general negative correlation between the extent of FVA and earning quality. Stating this, the main objective of the paper, using the same approach of the previous one, is to identify the specific impacts of unobservable inputs on earning quality. Theory and previous literature suggest a major negative impact of unobservable inputs than observable ones on the quality of information provided within financial reporting. Results show a negative and strong relationship between FVA and earning quality for US banks that do not depend on the hierarchy of input used in the evaluation process. These results suggest new considerations on the reliability of fair value concerning the possibilities of manipulation given to the management with this approach.

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Haliding, Safri. « The Critical Aspect on Fair Value Accounting and its Implication to Islamic Financial Institutions ». Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 1, n^o 3 (5 mai 2015) : 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2014.013-05.

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Recently, fair value measurement and its implication in accounting standards have been increasing (Ramanna, 2006). One of the important aspects of financial reporting is measurement (Barth, 2007). Barlev and Haddad (2003) state that the fair value accounting(FVA) paradigm replaced the historical cost accounting (HCA) in the development of accounting standards that FVA is more value relevant that HCA probably did not provide the real financial information and income. However, previously studies mention that fair value accounting suffers from some serious limitations and disadvantages such as issues in market approach, income approach, and cost approach. Al-Yassen and Al-Khadash (2011) argue that accounting standard setters such as the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) UK and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) U.S as well as other national accountingstandard setters provide high attention and long-term ambition to use fair value accounting as full measurement in all financial instruments. Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) that have different objectives and principles as well as have different financial products with conventional financial institution. This paper tries to explore critical aspects of the fair value accounting andits implications to Islamic Financial Institutions implications. This study concludes that that fair value accounting measurement provides many critical aspects to be implemented to Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). Additionally, AAOIFI proposed cash equivalent value as respond to fair value measurement that cash equivalent value when the attribute condition are present such as the relevance, reliability and understandability of the resulting information. Furthermore, fully adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by IFRSIASB, there will no specific standards for unique functions of Islamic Financial Institutions. Inaddition, the paper may be recommended to work together among Muslim countries to unity the potential harmonizing one set accounting standards for Islamic Financial Institutions such as AAOIFI?s standards.

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Tutino, Marco, et Marco Pompili. « Fair value accounting and management opportunism on earnings management in banking sector : First evidence ». Corporate Ownership and Control 15 (2018) : 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i2art5.

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Accounting standard boards (IASB and FASB) have chosen fair value accounting (FVA) approach to help financial reporting users in the decision-making process. During recent years, an intense debate arose about the trade-off between relevance and reliability of accounting information in this approach. Even if fair value based information could be considered highly relevant and helpful from an investor’s perspective, many authors outline problems related to fair value hierarchy valuation of financial instruments. In particular, the discretionary use of unobservable inputs in financial instruments valuation process can support earnings management strategy underlying the risk for emerging agency problems, moral hazard behaviour and management short-termism. Stating that, after providing a literature review focused on management behaviour related to FVA, the main objective of the paper is identifying possible relationships between FVA valuations and earning quality observing a sample of US and European banks listed in the period 2011-2016 based on Šodan model (Sodan, 2015). Results show a negative and strong relationship between FVA and earning quality for US banks; results for European listed banks do not provide any strong evidence.

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Wahlen, James M., James R. Boatsman, Robert H. Herz, Gregory J. Jonas, Krishna G. Palepu, Stephen G. Ryan, Katherine Schipper, Catherine M. Schrand et Douglas J. Skinner. « Response to the FASB Preliminary Views : Reporting Financial Instruments and Certain Related Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value ». Accounting Horizons 14, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2000) : 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2000.14.4.501.

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Smith, Thomas, Adrian Valencia et Ara Volkan. « An Alternative Method Of Accounting For Stock Options ». Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, n^o 2 (27 février 2014) : 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i2.8415.

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<p>Currently, the grant date fair value of employee stock options is expensed over the vesting period. Our study introduces a new valuation approach for stock options and examines the impact of this change on earning per share (EPS) for a sample of firms over the period 2002-2011. The new valuation approach provides data useful to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) as it determines whether to revise the current option accounting rules. Under the proposed approach, options are valued at their intrinsic value on the grant date (i.e., the opportunity cost or the economic promise associated with the difference between the exercise price of the option and the market price of the stock at each measurement date) and further revalued each reporting date until the options are exercised.</p>

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Angelo, Stefanus, et Nunung Nuryani. « PENGARUH PILIHAN METODE NILAI WAJAR PROPERTI INVESTASI TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN REAL ESTATE ». Jurnal Akuntansi 10, n^o 2 (31 août 2021) : 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46806/ja.v10i2.801.

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IAS 40 (adopted in PSAK 13, 2012) about investment properties allowing companies to choose the method of measuring their investment properties, namely the cost method and the fair value method. Side that oppose fair value method argue that fair value is unreliable and costly. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the relevance of the fair value accounting choice method and determinants that affect of fair value accounting choice method for investment property. This research is using secondary data observation technique which acquired from annual financial reports for real estate, manufacturing, and trading sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2012-2016 period. By using judgment sampling method, the research sample tested were 48 companies (19 real estate companies, 15 manufacturing companies, and 14 trading companies). The results of this research shows that fair value accounting choice method has a positive significant on firm value. In that case shows that fair value accounting choice have a value relevance so it can help investor to make a investment decision. For determinants of fair value accounting choice, that firm size variables has significant positive and leverage significant negatively with determinants of fair value accounting choice while big four has no effect on determinants of fair value accounting choice. Keywords: Value relevance, Investment property, Firm size, Leverage, Big four. References: Acaranupong, K. (2017). Accounting practices and value relevance of investment property: Evidence from firms listed on the stock exchange of Thailand. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 10(2), 1–41. Ahmad, F. B., & Mohammad, A. (2015). The Effect of Fair Value Accounting on Jordanian Investment Properties. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(4), 99–113. Al-Khadash, H. A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Effects of the Fair Value Option under IAS 40 on the Volatility of Earnings. Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, 4(5), 95–113. Al-khadash, H., & Abdullatif, M. (2009). Consequences of fair value accounting for financial instruments in the developing countries: the case of banking sector in Jordan. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 5(4). Alhusaini, W., & Mostafa, E. (2016). Accounting for property investment : an examination of the value relevance of unrealised gains and losses recognised under IAS 40 Walid Alhusaini and Mostafa Elshamy *, 6(2), 100–117. Barth, M. E. (2000). Valuation-based accounting research: Implications for financial reporting and opportunities for future research. Accounting and Finance, 40(1), 7–31. Beisland, L. A. (2009). A Review of the Value Relevance Literature. The Open Business Journal, 2(1), 7–27. Carroll, T., Linsmeier, T., & Petroni, K. (2003). The Reliability of Fair Value versusHistorical Cost Information: Evidence from Closed-End Mutual Funds. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 18(1), 1. Chen, K. L., Road, S. S., & Tsang, D. (2013). Earnings management , firm location , and financial reporting choice: An analysis of fair value reporting for investment properties in an emerging market. Christensen, H. B., & Nikolaev, V. V. (2009). Who uses fair value accounting for non-financial assets after IFRS adoption. SSRN Working Paper, (9), 1–46. DeAngelo, L. E. (1981). AUDITOR SIZE AND AUDIT QUALITY. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3(May), 183–199. Farahmita, A., & Siregar, S. V. (2014). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEMUNGKINAN PERUSAHAAN MEMILIH METODE NILAI WAJAR UNTUK PROPERTI INVESTASI. Simposium Nasional Akuntansi XVII, 1–21. FASB. (1980). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 2 - Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. FASB Concepts Statements, (2), 0. Ferri, M. G., & Jones, W. H. (1979). Determinants of financial structure: A new methodological approach. American Finance Association, 34(3), 631–644. Hendriksen, E. S., & Breda, M. F. Van. (2001). Accounting Theory. Irwin Profesional Publishing. Jabar, A., & Mohamed, A. (2015). The practices of fair value reporting on investment property in Malaysia, (August). Muller, K. A., Riedl, E. J., & Sellhorn, T. (2008). Causes and Consequences of Choosing Historical Cost versus Fair Value, 1–49. Muller, K., Riedl, E. J., & Sellhorn, T. (2008). Consequences of Voluntary and Mandatory Fair Value Accounting: Evidence Surrounding IFRS Adoption in the EU Real Estate Industry, (June 2014), Working Paper 1-43. Quagli, A., & Avallone, F. (2010). Fair value or cost model? Drivers of choice for IAS 40 in the real estate industry. European Accounting Review, 19(3), 461–493. Souza, F. Ê. A. de, Botinha, R. A., Silva, P. R., & Lemes, S. (2015). Comparability of Accounting Choices in Future Valuation of Investment Properties: An Analysis of Brazilian and Portuguese Listed Companies. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 26(68), 154–166. Subramanyam, K. R. (2014). Financial Statement Analysis (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Tan, M. Z., Mohamat Sabri Hassan, & Embong, Z. (2014). Value Relevance of Investment Properties’ Fair Value and Board Characteristics in Malaysian Real Estate Investment Trusts. Asian Journal of Accounting and Governance, 5, 1–13. Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., & Kieso, D. E. (2013). Financial Accounting (IFRS). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wooten, T. C. (2003). Research About Audit Quality. The CPA Journal.

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Jacob, Rudolph A., Samir El-Gazzar et Scott McGregor. « Evolution of financial reporting of life insurers ». Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 25, n^o 1 (13 février 2017) : 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-02-2016-0012.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the capital market effects and predominance of unregulated embedded value (EV) financial reporting in the life insurance industry in foreign domestic markets, and US markets for foreign firms that cross-list in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Recent empirical archival data are analyzed and evaluated to determine the incremental and relative value relevance of an unregulated valuation metric that is disclosed by life insurers. Findings The findings support the proposition that EV is valuable supplemental information in foreign domestic markets, and in US markets for foreign life insurers that cross-list in the USA. Given that International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) are engaged in projects to improve accounting standard for insurance companies, and have faced criticism with the existing drafts on this issue, the two institutions ought to consider the valuation relevance of EV disclosures. Moreover, this analysis strongly suggests that financial analysts in the USA should consider EV in valuing life insurers’ stocks. Practical implications The findings discussed in this paper are of special interest to financial reporting policy makers, financial analysts, firm compensation committees and managers, and academics. Originality/value This paper contributes to the extant literature by providing recent evidence that suggests that EV, an unregulated fair value market-driven metric, is more value-relevant than traditional earnings metrics such as earnings and book value. It is the only study that we are cognizant of that critically examines the recent empirical literature on this evolving issue.

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Fischer, Mary, et Treba Marsh. « Recognizing Intellectual Capital As An Asset ». Journal of Business & ; Economics Research (JBER) 12, n^o 2 (29 mars 2014) : 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i2.8533.

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The revised definition of an asset by the FASB and GASB gives way to the recognition of the fair value of another off-balance sheet value. Interest in recognizing intellectual capital as an asset of the organization has grown out of dissatisfaction with traditional financial accounting and reporting directed toward manufacturing, trading of goods, and service activities which ignore the organizational asset values based on knowledge, expertise and technology. The growing interest in intellectual capital (IC) and knowledge management reflects an awareness of the need for identification, utilization, and measurement of an organizations most valuable asset. This paper identifies the importance of the IC value, discusses the research emphasis placed on it by others, and develops a fair value measurement model. The model provides a basis not only for identifying crucial aspects of effective knowledge management, but also for emphasizing the interdependence, and the synergy that may be created through recognition. Measurement techniques are presented together with a process for stakeholder communication that establishes the groundwork for future empirical investigation and analysis.

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Dickinson, Victoria, Paul Kimmel et Terry Warfield. « Bioscience Company : Accounting for Idle Plant Assets ». Issues in Accounting Education 26, n^o 1 (1 février 2011) : 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2011.26.1.155.

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ABSTRACT: Bioscience Company and its auditors have been in discussions with the SEC concerning the accounting for its long-lived assets. Among the issues being discussed is the company’s discontinuation of depreciation on productive assets that it had used previously, but it was not currently using. The case permits a technical examination of depreciation and impairment accounting issues with consideration of the FASB’s asset/liability measurement approach, fair value accounting, use of the FASB Codification, and comparisons to International Financial Reporting Standards. The case requirements are divided into basic requirements, which would be appropriate for intermediate level students; and advanced requirements, which would be more appropriate for accounting seniors, as well as M.B.A. and fifth-year accounting students.

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Beccace, Francesca, Roberto Tasca et Luisa Tibiletti. « The Macaulay Duration : A Key Indicator for the Risk-Adjustment in Fair Value ». International Journal of Business and Management 13, n^o 12 (21 novembre 2018) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n12p251.

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International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 13 Fair Value Measurement lays down two methods to adjust Expected Present Value (EPV) for risk. According to Method 1, expected cash inflows should be risk-adjusted by subtracting a risk-premium and discounted at the market risk-free rate, see (IFRS 13, B25). In contrast according to Method 2, expected cash inflows should be discounted at the risk-free rate augmented by a risk-premium addendum, see (IFRS 13, B26). Standard IFRS 13, B29 leaves the freedom to choose between the two methods. The aim of this note is to identify the relationship between the Risk-Adjusted EPVs rolled out from Method 1 and Method 2. First we introduce a theoretical solution to risk-adjustments compliant with the Standard IFRS 13, B29. Then, we set up a user-oriented proxy to connect the risk-premium present in Method 1 with the risk-adjusted rate present in Method 2. This proxy spots light on the key role played by the Macaulay Duration of expected inflows, rather than that of the lifetime of the project. As a consequence, projects expiring at the same redemption date and endowed with the same EPV and/or the same total inflow may differ considerably in risk-adjustments, due to different Macaulay Durations. A user-oriented method to properly to fast evaluate risk-adjustments for multi-cash inflow projects is provided. Sensitivity analysis of the impact of the Macaulay Duration on Risk-Adjusted EPV is also rolled out through numerical examples.

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Zacharski, Anthony H., Alan Rosenblat, Erin Wagner et Adam Teufel. « FASB statement on fair value measurements ». Journal of Investment Compliance 8, n^o 1 (20 mars 2007) : 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/15285810710739355.

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Sen, Reema, et Eva Kahana. « Productive Aging in India : Pre-Retirement Perceptions, Priorities, and Gendered Perspectives ». Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 décembre 2020) : 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.370.

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Abstract This study explores the perceptions of urban, middle class, white collar employees in India approaching retirement, to unpack ‘productive aging’ through a specific sociocultural lens. India, is aging fast with limited social security. Projected growth in the 60+ age group is 326% (2000 -2050) and 700% for the 80+. Prior studies largely focused on rural and blue collar adults. This study involves a sample of 76 people’s (41 men, 35 women of relatively high SES) attitudes to aging. Key findings show, self-perceived health status was different between men and women (ordinal regression analysis showed p value 0.034 at 95% CI). 51.22% men rated their health excellent/very good compared with 28.57% women. 12.2% men rated their health fair/poor compared with 25.72% women. Despite this, results of men and women’s perceptions of aging were remarkably similar though living in a country with entrenched gender inequality. Cultural influence was apparent from the gendered difference (p value 0.036, 95% CI) in response to the question “our society frowns upon paid work after retirement” (20% women agreed compared with 4.77% men). Interestingly, despite social constraints 68.58% women agreed that they prefer a paid alternate career after retirement compared with 53.66% men. Another difference (p value 0.006, 95% CI) on the question “I need to be gainfully occupied for my own personal satisfaction” had 100% women reporting they agree or strongly agree as compared with 85.37% men. Findings will be discussed in the context of gender and changing family structures among adults in late middle age.

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Needles, Belverd E. « Graeber Companies, Inc. : Examining Impairment of Equity-Owned Investments ». Issues in Accounting Education 27, n^o 4 (1 juin 2012) : 1215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace-50234.

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ABSTRACT The Graeber Companies, Inc. case illustrates the implications of the Fair Value Measurements Standard (FASB ASC 820 or IFRS 13) and the Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (FASB ASC 825 or IAS 39) on the accounting and auditing issues regarding fair value accounting. Based on an actual company's experience, the case provides an application of the new standards on fair value measurement, which is one major achievement of the FASB/IASB convergence project. Graeber Companies, Inc. is a 100-year-old financial boutique firm that, through its wholly owned and partially owned subsidiaries, is engaged in financial service activities. One of Graeber's proprietary investments is an equity investment in Advisor Group, Inc. (AGI)—an early stage development company. Students evaluate AGI's financial performance and strategic activities, including operating losses, issuance of preferred stock and proposed acquisitions by another investor company relative to its materiality, and potential impairment of Graeber Companies' equity-owned investment. The case study requires a determination of materiality of the equity investment and introduces students to the different valuation techniques such as Discounted Cash Flow Analysis, Public Market Analysis, Precedent Transaction Analysis, and the waterfall schedule method. The usefulness of these methods is then analyzed in determining the fair value of an investment in the situation where there have been no recent market transactions. Through analysis of the financial statements, relevant footnotes, and obtaining/obtained fair market value using different valuation approaches, students make a recommendation on materiality and on the fairness of the Graeber Companies management conclusion that no impairment of its investment in Advisor Group has taken place.

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McEnally, Rebecca. « Fair Value Financial Reporting ». CFA Institute Magazine 18, n^o 1 (janvier 2007) : 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/cfm.v18.n1.4417.

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Brown, Ken W. « HISTORY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING MODELS FOR AMERICAN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES : 1910 TO THE PRESENT ». Accounting Historians Journal 20, n^o 2 (1 décembre 1993) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.20.2.1.

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This paper contrasts current and proposed higher-education financial reporting models with financial reporting models developed earlier in this century. The historical review in this paper has current value since the FASB and the GASB are considering major changes in the way that private and public colleges and universities report financial information. The results of the historical review reveal that, through the years, report modelers varied in their concern for user needs and report uniformity. Interestingly, the first higher-education reporting model developed in 1910 and the proposed model developed in 1992 by the FASB both focused on user needs while the primary objective for the reporting model currently in use and most other intervening models was only uniformity.

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Bout, Bert-Jan, Ralph Ter Hoeven et Henk Langendijk. « Fair-value-accounting, inactieve markten en procycliciteit ». Maandblad Voor Accountancy en Bedrijfseconomie 84, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mab.84.10881.

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In deze bijdrage besteden wij aandacht aan de gevolgen van inactiviteit van de markten voor de wijze waarop de fair value van financiële instrumenten wordt bepaald. De bestaande IFRS hieromtrent en de aanvullende guidance van de door de Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) en International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) opgerichte Expert Advisory Panel (EAP) worden in dit kader behandeld. Tevens bespreken wij de vermeende procyclische werking van waardering tegen fair value aan de hand van een aantal onderzoeksrapporten die nader ingaan op de achtergronden en oorzaken van de invloed van fair-value-accounting (FVA) op het financiële systeem. In een jaarrekeningonderzoek onder alle banken en verzekeraars binnen de ‘FTSE Eurofirst 300’-index, wordt nagegaan in hoeverre de financiële activa en financiële verplichtingen op fair value zijn gewaardeerd; de gevoeligheid voor fair-value-veranderingen wordt daarbij op netto-basis beoordeeld. Daarnaast is onderzocht of er een verband bestaat tussen de grootte van een bank en de mate waarin financiële activa en financiële verplichtingen op fair value zijn gewaardeerd. Ook wordt onderzocht, aan de hand van de fair-value-hiërarchie, in hoeverre marktinactiviteit invloed heeft gehad op de wijze waarop de financiële instrumenten zijn gewaardeerd. Tevens geven wij enkele best practices op een aantal toelichtingsgebieden. Het artikel sluiten wij af met een nabeschouwing.

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Whittington, Geoffrey. « Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project : An Alternative View ». Abacus 44, n^o 2 (juin 2008) : 139–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6281.2008.00255.x.

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Svoboda, P. « Application of new approaches in recognizing leases on the part of the lessee in the selected companies in the Czech Republic ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 57, No. 7 (1 août 2011) : 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/87/2011-agricecon.

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The paper aims to presents the views of the selected Czech SMEs on the individual problems of lease reporting on the side of lessee as a reaction to the project of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the concepts of which on reporting leases have been offered for the public discussion since the end of the year 2009. There are presented the author's views on the advantages and weaknesses of some of the proposed methods of reporting the lease contracts. These findings result from the performed comparisons of recording simplified specific lease contracts on operational lease from the business practice, reported according to the current IFRS methodology and the concept of the right of use, and from the comparison of views of specialists, in particular those published on the IASB and FASB websites. These views were further completed by the author with the partial results of the investigation made in 203 Czech SMES dealing with the suitability of the future application of these principles to SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Entities). The survey was conducted among the selected Czech companies whose leaders knew the problems of reporting operational and financial leases under the IAS/IFRS and were willing to study the concepts presented by the IASB and the FASB and other materials relating to leases. The analyzed entities generally believe that the application of the right to use the concept will lead to a true and fair view on the side of the lessee but the application of this concept is associated with inappropriate costs. Most respondents believe that the asset and liability should be recognised in one aggregated amount and the decreasing of the obligation and the asset amortization should be assessed separately. The best solution in the case of changes in the estimates is to use the historic incremental borrowing rate.

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Dvořáková, Dana. « Fair Value Measurement in Financial Reporting ». European Financial and Accounting Journal 6, n^o 1 (1 mars 2011) : 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.efaj.39.

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Hodder, Leslie. « Fair Value Measurement in Financial Reporting ». Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 8, n^o 3-4 (2014) : 143–270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/1400000030.

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Wallace, Marsha. « Performance Reporting under Fair Value Accounting ». North American Actuarial Journal 6, n^o 1 (janvier 2002) : 28–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2002.10596028.

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Alexander, David, Carmen Giorgiana Bonaci et Razvan V. Mustata. « Fair Value Measurement in Financial Reporting ». Procedia Economics and Finance 3 (2012) : 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00124-4.

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Caskey, Judson, et John S. Hughes. « Assessing the Impact of Alternative Fair Value Measures on the Efficiency of Project Selection and Continuation ». Accounting Review 87, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2011) : 483–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-10201.

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ABSTRACT We examine how alternative accounting measures of fair value impact the ability of debt covenants to mitigate inefficient investment decisions. In our setting, shareholders make a non-contractible project choice after signing a debt contract. At a later date, the project can be abandoned and new information determines whether shareholders or creditors make that decision. The value of debt covenants depends on their ability to deter costly asset substitution while also mitigating inefficient continuation decisions. A covenant based on a conservative fair value measure tends to perform best in this respect. Departing from purely fair-value-based covenants, an even more conservative covenant based on fair values and historical cost outperforms those based solely on fair values. Notably, the “highest and best use” measure advocated by the FASB performs poorly in deterring the choice of inferior projects. Our results provide a setting in which the contracting efficiencies associated with different accounting measures cannot be replicated across measures by altering covenant “triggers.”

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Nurnberg, Hugo, et LeeSeok Hwang. « A Microsoft Excel template to estimate stock option fair value under FASB 123 ». Journal of Corporate Accounting & ; Finance 10, n^o 1 (1998) : 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0053(199823)10:1<99 ::aid-jcaf10>3.0.co;2-e.

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Ryabova, Tatyana S., Keji Chen, Gary Taylor et Rishma Vedd. « Fair Value and Abnormal Audit Fees ». International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, n^o 3 (24 juillet 2018) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i3.13453.

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Our study compares the financial reporting quality between a principles-based (i.e., fair value) and a rules-based (i.e., historical cost) accounting system. We explore a non-market based proxy of financial reporting quality: abnormal or unexplained audit fees. Utilizing a sample of European Union firms, we find that firms using a fair value accounting system have a lower level of abnormal audit fees. This result provides preliminary evidence that a fair value accounting system provides higher financial reporting quality.

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Core, John E., Wayne R. Guay et S. P. Kothari. « The Economic Dilution of Employee Stock Options : Diluted EPS for Valuation and Financial Reporting ». Accounting Review 77, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2002) : 627–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.3.627.

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In this paper, we derive a measure of diluted EPS that incorporates the economic implications of the dilutive effects of employee stock options. We show that the existing FASB treasury-stock method of accounting for the dilutive effects of outstanding options systematically understates the options' dilutive effect, and thus overstates reported EPS. Using firm-wide data on 731 employee stock option plans, our proposed measure suggests that economic dilution from options is, on average, 100 percent greater than dilution in reported diluted EPS using the FASB treasury-stock method. We examine the implications of our analysis for stock price valuation, the price-earnings relation, and the return-earnings relation. We demonstrate analytically that when firms have options outstanding, empirical applications of equity valuation models that use reported per-share earnings as an input (e.g., Ohlson 1995) yield upwardly biased estimates of the market value of common stock. We predict that when the difference between our measure of economic dilution from options and the FASB treasury-stock method dilution from options is greater, the observed return-earnings and price-earnings coefficients will be smaller, and we provide some (albeit weak) empirical support for this prediction.

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He, Liyu. « Discount rate behaviour in fair value reporting ». Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 28 (décembre 2020) : 100386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100386.

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Kubic, Matthew. « Time to Get It Right : An Examination of Post-Acquisition Fair Value Adjustments ». Journal of Financial Reporting 6, n^o 1 (14 janvier 2021) : 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jfr-2018-0022.

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ABSTRACT I examine the role of preparer information gathering and processing constraints in fair value measurement. Using two business combination samples, I investigate whether acquirers adjust the initial fair value measurements of identifiable assets and liabilities during the one-year measurement period permitted by FASB Statement 141(R). Empirical proxies for preparers' information gathering and processing costs explain variation in the incidence and magnitude of measurement period adjustments (MPAs). I classify abnormally large MPAs that allow firms to exceed the consensus analyst forecast as suspect adjustments. Suspect adjustments exhibit little association with earnings management incentives and no association with future goodwill impairment. Overall, the results suggest that acquirers use the measurement period when there are concerns about the quality or availability of information, consistent with the FASB's intentions.

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Cheng, Kang. « Accounting Discretion and Fair Value Reporting : A Study of US Banks’ Fair Value Reporting of Mortgage-Backed-Securities ». Journal of Business Finance & ; Accounting 39, n^o 5-6 (29 mai 2012) : 531–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5957.2012.02288.x.

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Laghi, Enrico, Sabrina Pucci, Marco Tutino et Michele Di Marcantonio. « Fair value hierarchy in financial instrument disclosure. Is there transparency for investors ? Evidence from the banking industry ». Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, n^o 4 (2012) : 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i4_p2.

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The debate on fair value accounting is still open although the last 20 years have been spent in looking for solutions by academics, practitioners and institutions. After long and continuous discussion both on the basic concepts and the information level contained in fair value measurements and on the different solutions that are possible to adopt in mark to market measurements, IASB and FASB have recently issued new standards on fair value measurements applying some principles not only to financial instruments but also to property and other investments. To verify if the solutions adopted in these Standards really improve the disclosure level and the “usefulness of data for investors”, this paper analyzes the actual level of transparency and the “usefulness” of the “fair value hierarchy” (which from some points of view synthesized the Board’s way of thinking regarding to fair value) which has already been introduced for financial instruments by IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosure. The paper presents results of an empirical investigation on a sample of domestic and foreign listed banks that adopted fair value hierarchy in line with SFAS 157 and IFRS 7 recommendations. Research questions can be summarized as follows: (i) does fair value hierarchy improve transparency in financial instrument evaluation in bank annual reports, or can it be considered as a tool for earnings management?

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Cardao-Pito, Tiago. « Enlightenment value theories and the three levels in fair value accounting ». Accounting History 25, n^o 4 (9 juillet 2020) : 625–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373220934895.

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I cannot endorse Donleavy’s conclusion that “ fair value” accounting is derived from the eighteen-century economic thinkers: Anne Robert Turgot; Richard Cantillon; and Adam Smith. In his well-written study, Donleavy seems to misperceive fair value accounting as the reporting of accounting items by their market values. However, fair value accounting also advocates a theoretical explanation of how market prices would be formed and why they would be fair values. It is important to clarify this point, because it leads to two subsequent conclusions. First, that the price/value theory in fair value accounting is quite distinct from Turgot, Cantillon and Smith’s theories on the same matter. For instance, Cantillon and Smith suggested cost-based theories of value, where labor was the key element. Second, it is possible to distinguish fair value accounting from periods where the case for reporting accounting rubrics by market values was promoted based on other theoretical motivations.

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Rupić, Bojan, et Ljiljana Bonić. « Fair Value Concept Specifics in Financial Reporting and Auditing ». Economic Themes 53, n^o 1 (1 mars 2015) : 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ethemes-2015-0008.

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AbstractInvestors have become the most important users of financial statements in modern business conditions, and mixed base of financial reporting has been established in order to meet their information needs and it includes elements of the concept of historical cost and the fair value concept, with an increasing shift towards the fair value concept. The primary task of fair value accounting becomes the expression of the fair value of the net assets at the reporting date, while the financial results represent the change in fair value of net assets between the two reporting periods. In our country the application of the "full IFRS" is mandatory for large enterprises and the application of IFRS for SMEs is mandatory for small and medium-sized entities, thus fair value accounting becomes an integral part of the financial statements of domestic companies. However, fair value accounting is not a suitable concept for our country characterized by shallow and underdeveloped financial market, companies whose owners are the company managers at the same time, and low level of economic and technological development. A financial statement audit in terms of the use of the fair value concept becomes much more demanding and complex than the audit of the financial statements based on historical cost accounting.

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Barth, Mary E. « Why It's Not Fair to Blame Fair Value : Financial Reporting Debate ». IESE Insight 7 (15 décembre 2010) : 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/002.art-1867.

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Markarian, Garen. « THE CRISIS AND FAIR VALUES : ECHOES OF EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY DEBATES ? » Accounting Historians Journal 41, n^o 1 (1 juin 2014) : 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.41.1.35.

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The recent global financial crisis has led to extensive criticism of the role of accounting and its use of fair value measurement in causing and spreading the crisis. This paper argues that the debate surrounding fair value vs. historic cost, and relevance versus reliability, is nothing new; it was at the center of early accounting discussions in the AAA (especially by A.C. Littleton and W.A. Paton), the AICPA (especially G.O. May), and the SEC. Although prominent accounting scholars and practitioners in postdepression 1929 focused on the use of historic cost, the paper discusses the decision of the IASB/FASB to move reliability to a secondary characteristic in its recent conceptual framework. This action ignores lessons learned from a century of research, teaching, and practice of accounting.

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Pinto, Inês, et Manuel Caldeira Pais. « Fair value accounting choice ». Journal of European Real Estate Research 8, n^o 2 (3 août 2015) : 130–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-09-2014-0032.

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Purpose – Profiting from a unique research opportunity in the Portuguese REIFs market, this paper aims to investigate the impact of fund managers ' accounting choice on funds ' returns distribution and analyses the relationship between fair value accounting choice and conditional accounting conservatism. Design/methodology/approach – According to Portuguese securities market regulation, fund managers of REIFs can fix the value of the fund properties between the acquisition cost and the average of the appraisal values assigned periodically by two independent appraisers. Therefore, through the analysis of fund managers’ actual choice to value REIF net asset value in comparison with a mandatory adoption of a pure fair value method (appraisers’ valuations), the paper investigates the impact of accounting choice on funds’ return series. On the other hand, an analysis at fund level is also conducted to determine the consequences of fair value accounting choice on the ability of fund managers in delaying the recognition of asset value decreases (bad news). Findings – Results indicate that in the period of financial crisis, significant differences in REIF returns according to the accounting method used to value properties are observed. There is also evidence that fund managers of open-end funds that are subject to greater market pressure to meet financial reporting objectives are more likely to smooth book value returns. Additionally, findings support the hypothesis that REIFs that use a more historical cost accounting model exhibit a lower degree of conditional accounting conservatism, suggesting that the use of fair value may be useful to reduce fund manager discretion in delaying the recognition of losses. Originality/value – This paper provides an empirical evidence of one possible positive effect of the use of fair value on the quality of financial reporting, evidencing how a more fair value accounting model may limit fund managers’ discretion.

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Adegboyegun, A. E., E. Ben-Caleb, A. O. Ademola, J. U. Madugba et D. F. Eluyela. « Fair Value Accounting and Corporate Reporting in Nigeria : A Logistics Regression Approach ». International Journal of Financial Research 11, n^o 2 (16 mars 2020) : 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n2p301.

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This study examined the impact of fair value accounting on corporate reporting in Nigeria. The primary data used were gathered through a well-structured questionnaire, designed and administered to 120 respondents, who are made up of accountants, auditors, bankers, financial experts and practitioners in Lagos State, Nigeria. We adopted the logistic regression approach in analyzing the research questions. We found that fair value accounting has impact on corporate reporting. The Cox and Snell’s R-Square revealed that 67.1% of the variation in the corporate reporting was explained by the logistic model. We further found a moderate strong relationship between the fair value accounting and corporate reporting. Based on this finding, the study concluded that the used of fair value helped in predicting the earnings and assessment of the amounts, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows in corporate reporting which dependent on its reliability. However, institutional factors played an essential role in enhancing the reliability of discretionary fair value estimates which in return increased the informativeness of accounting information in corporate reporting.

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Barth, Mary E., et Wayne R. Landsman. « Using Fair Value Earnings to Assess Firm Value ». Accounting Horizons 32, n^o 4 (1 juin 2018) : 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-52156.

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SYNOPSIS Whether fair value accounting should be used in financial reporting has been the subject of debate for many years. A key dimension to this debate is whether fair value earnings can provide information to financial statement users that is helpful in making their economic decisions. A criticism of fair value accounting is the contention that fair value earnings simply reflects “shocks” to value, and thus cannot be used to assess firm value. We show how fair value earnings can be disaggregated into components that can be used to assess firm value, as well as components that provide information about various types to shocks to value, e.g., effects of changes in expected cash flows.

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Ryan, Stephen G., Robert H. Herz, Teresa E. Iannaconni, Laureen A. Maines, Krishna Palepu, Catherine M. Schrand, Douglas J. Skinner et Linda Vincent. « Reporting Fair Value Interest and Value Changes on Financial Instruments ». Accounting Horizons 16, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2002) : 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.3.259.

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Parker, David. « Valuation of airports for financial reporting : fair value ? » Journal of Property Investment & ; Finance 29, n^o 6 (27 septembre 2011) : 677–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635781111171805.

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Elbannan, Mohamed A., et Mona A. Elbannan. « Information content of SFAS 157 fair value reporting ». Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation 25 (2015) : 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2015.10.001.

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Bira, Dr Nada Kaki, et Layla Naji Majeed Al Fatlawi. « The role of using fair value on relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the Common Conceptual Framework (FASB-IASB) ». Restaurant Business 118, n^o 12 (5 décembre 2019) : 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i12.13092.

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The global trend towards the use of fair value accounting is increasing, so the current study aimed to maximize the impact of fair value application on achieving relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information in accordance with the common conceptual framework. To achieve the objective of this study, the researcher has determined in the theoretical framework the relationship of fair value with the characteristics of relevance and representation faithfulness of accounting information and the extent of achieving these characteristics, as well as conducting a field study by preparing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of academics (50) and auditors (50) with a total number of selected participants (100) of academics and auditors.

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Liang, Lihong, et Edward J. Riedl. « The Effect of Fair Value versus Historical Cost Reporting Model on Analyst Forecast Accuracy ». Accounting Review 89, n^o 3 (1 décembre 2013) : 1151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50687.

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ABSTRACT This paper examines how the reporting model for a firm's operating assets affects analyst forecast accuracy. We contrast U.K. and U.S. investment property firms having real estate as their primary operating asset, exploiting that U.K. (U.S.) firms report these assets at fair value (historical cost). We assess the accuracy of a balance-sheet-based forecast (net asset value, or NAV) and an income-statement-based forecast (earnings per share, or EPS). We predict and find higher NAV forecast accuracy for U.K. relative to U.S. firms, consistent with the fair value reporting model revealing private information that is incorporated into analysts' balance sheet forecasts. We find this difference is attenuated when the fair value and historical cost models are more likely to converge: during recessionary periods. Finally, we predict and find lower EPS forecast accuracy for U.K. firms when reporting under the full fair value model of IFRS, in which unrealized fair value gains and losses are included in net income. This is consistent with the full fair value model increasing the difficulty of forecasting net income through the inclusion of non-serially correlated elements such as these gains/losses. Information content analyses provide further support for these inferences. Overall, the results indicate that the fair value reporting model enhances analysts' ability to forecast the balance sheet, but the full fair value model reduces their ability to forecast net income.

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Polo, Andrea. « Fair value and corporate governance ». Corporate Ownership and Control 6, n^o 1-3 (2008) : 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i1c3p5.

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Recently two discussion papers on a new paradigm for the International Accounting Standards (IAS) have attracted much controversy. In the new proposed paradigm the definition of fair value used in the US standard SFAS 157 for financial instruments and acquisitions is extended to all the IAS and stewardship is abolished as a separate objective of financial reporting. In this work, we revise the reasons behind these proposals and the criticisms they are attracting. In the light of this analysis and especially focusing on the corporate governance concerns, we discuss the opportunity for the IASB to retrace their steps back and to avoid pushing the fair value approach too far.

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Hsu, Hui-Wen. « CEO Overconfidence and Fair Value Reporting-the Moderating Effect of Corporate Governance ». Asian Journal of Finance & ; Accounting 9, n^o 1 (25 février 2017) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v9i1.10763.

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This project examines whether CEO overconfidence affects firm's fair value reporting. Moreover, prior literature indicates effective corporate governance mechanisms ameliorate the adverse impact of CEO overconfidence. Thus, this paper further investigates whether effective corporate governance will mitigate the association between CEO overconfidence and level 3 fair values. Using a US sample drawn from 2008 to 2011, the results of this paper show that firms with higher CEO overconfidence report more Level 3 fair values and gains from Level 3 fair values. The results also indicates that the positive relationship between higher CEO overconfidence and Level 3 fair values reporting is attenuated for firms with high corporate governance.

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