Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Facial identities »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Schweinberger, Stefan R., David Robertson et Jürgen M. Kaufmann. « Hearing Facial Identities ». Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 60, no 10 (octobre 2007) : 1446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210601063589.
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While audiovisual integration is well known in speech perception, faces and speech are also informative with respect to speaker recognition. To date, audiovisual integration in the recognition of familiar people has never been demonstrated. Here we show systematic benefits and costs for the recognition of familiar voices when these are combined with time-synchronized articulating faces, of corresponding or noncorresponding speaker identity, respectively. While these effects were strong for familiar voices, they were smaller or nonsignificant for unfamiliar voices, suggesting that the effects depend on the previous creation of a multimodal representation of a person's identity. Moreover, the effects were reduced or eliminated when voices were combined with the same faces presented as static pictures, demonstrating that the effects do not simply reflect the use of facial identity as a “cue” for voice recognition. This is the first direct evidence for audiovisual integration in person recognition.
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Mileva, Mila, Andrew W. Young, Robin S. S. Kramer et A. Mike Burton. « Understanding facial impressions between and within identities ». Cognition 190 (septembre 2019) : 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2019.04.027.
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Abir, Intiaz, Hasan Firdaus Mohd Zaki et Azhar Mohd Ibrahim. « EVALUATION OF SIMULTANEOUS IDENTITY, AGE AND GENDER RECOGNITION FOR CROWD FACE MONITORING ». ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, no 1 (28 février 2023) : 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.17612.
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Nowadays, facial recognition combined with age estimation and gender prediction has been deeply involved with the factors associated with crowd monitoring. This is considered to be a major and complex job for humans. This paper proposes a unified facial recognition system based on already available deep learning and machine learning models (i.e., FaceNet, ResNet, Support Vector Machine, AgeNet and GenderNet) that automatically and simultaneously performs person identification, age estimation and gender prediction. Then the system is evaluated on a newly proposed multi-face, realistic and challenging test dataset. The current face recognition technology primarily focuses on static datasets of known identities and does not focus on novel identities. This approach is not suitable for continuous crowd monitoring. In our proposed system, whenever novel identities are found during inference, the system will save those novel identities with an appropriate label for each unique identity and the system will be updated periodically in order to correctly recognise those identities in the future inference iterations. However, extracting the facial features of the whole dataset whenever a new identity is detected is not an efficient solution. To address this issue, we propose an incremental feature extraction based training method which aims to reduce the computational load of feature extraction. When tested on the proposed test dataset, our proposed system correctly recognizes pre-trained identities, estimates age, and predicts gender with an average accuracy of 49%, 66.5% and 93.54% respectively. We conclude that the evaluated pre-trained models can be sensitive and not robust to uncontrolled environment (e.g., abrupt lighting conditions).
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Aizawa, Hiroaki, Kimiya Murase et Kunihito Kato. « Disentanglement Learning of Emotions and Identities from Facial Image ». IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 141, no 9 (1 septembre 2021) : 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.141.962.
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Li, Yongmin, Shaogang Gong et Heather Liddell. « Recognising trajectories of facial identities using kernel discriminant analysis ». Image and Vision Computing 21, no 13-14 (décembre 2003) : 1077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2003.08.010.
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Kim, Nayeon, Sukhee Cho et Byungjun Bae. « SMaTE : A Segment-Level Feature Mixing and Temporal Encoding Framework for Facial Expression Recognition ». Sensors 22, no 15 (1 août 2022) : 5753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155753.
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Despite advanced machine learning methods, the implementation of emotion recognition systems based on real-world video content remains challenging. Videos may contain data such as images, audio, and text. However, the application of multimodal models using two or more types of data to real-world video media (CCTV, illegally filmed content, etc.) lacking sound or subtitles is difficult. Although facial expressions in image sequences can be utilized in emotion recognition, the diverse identities of individuals in real-world content limits computational models of relationships between facial expressions. This study proposed a transformation model which employed a video vision transformer to focus on facial expression sequences in videos. It effectively understood and extracted facial expression information from the identities of individuals, instead of fusing multimodal models. The design entailed capture of higher-quality facial expression information through mixed-token embedding facial expression sequences augmented via various methods into a single data representation, and comprised two modules: spatial and temporal encoders. Further, temporal position embedding, focusing on relationships between video frames, was proposed and subsequently applied to the temporal encoder module. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with that of conventional methods on two emotion recognition datasets of video content, with results demonstrating its superiority.
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Tüttenberg, Simone C., et Holger Wiese. « Learning own- and other-race facial identities from natural variability ». Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no 12 (9 juillet 2019) : 2788–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819859840.
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Exposure to multiple varying face images of the same person encourages the formation of identity representations which are sufficiently robust to allow subsequent recognition from new, never-before seen images. While recent studies suggest that identity information is initially harder to perceive in images of other- relative to own-race identities, it remains unclear whether these difficulties propagate to face learning, that is, to the formation of robust face representations. We report two experiments in which Caucasian and East Asian participants sorted multiple images of own- and other-race persons according to identity in an implicit learning task and subsequently either matched novel images of learnt and previously unseen faces for identity (Experiment 1) or made old/new decisions for new images of learnt and unfamiliar identities (Experiment 2). Caucasian participants demonstrated own-race advantages during sorting, matching, and old/new recognition, while corresponding effects were absent in East Asian participants with substantial other-race expertise. Surprisingly, East Asian participants showed enhanced learning for other-race identities during matching in Experiment 1, which may reflect their increased motivation to individuate other-race faces. Thus, our results highlight the importance of perceptual expertise for own- and other-race processing, but may also lend support to recent suggestions on how expertise and socio-cognitive factors can interact.
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Shen, Chengxiao, Liping Qian et Ningning Yu. « Adaptive Facial Imagery Clustering via Spectral Clustering and Reinforcement Learning ». Applied Sciences 11, no 17 (30 août 2021) : 8051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178051.
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In an era of big data, face images captured in social media and forensic investigations, etc., generally lack labels, while the number of identities (clusters) may range from a few dozen to thousands. Therefore, it is of practical importance to cluster a large number of unlabeled face images into an efficient range of identities or even the exact identities, which can avoid image labeling by hand. Here, we propose adaptive facial imagery clustering that involves face representations, spectral clustering, and reinforcement learning (Q-learning). First, we use a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to generate face representations, and we adopt a spectral clustering model to construct a similarity matrix and achieve clustering partition. Then, we use an internal evaluation measure (the Davies–Bouldin index) to evaluate the clustering quality. Finally, we adopt Q-learning as the feedback module to build a dynamic multiparameter debugging process. The experimental results on the ORL Face Database show the effectiveness of our method in terms of an optimal number of clusters of 39, which is almost the actual number of 40 clusters; our method can achieve 99.2% clustering accuracy. Subsequent studies should focus on reducing the computational complexity of dealing with more face images.
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Martindale, Anne‐Marie, et Pamela Fisher. « Disrupted faces, disrupted identities ? Embodiment, life stories and acquired facial ‘disfigurement’ ». Sociology of Health & ; Illness 41, no 8 (26 juin 2019) : 1503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.12973.
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Hamza, Muhammad, Samabia Tehsin, Mamoona Humayun, Maram Fahaad Almufareh et Majed Alfayad. « A Comprehensive Review of Face Morph Generation and Detection of Fraudulent Identities ». Applied Sciences 12, no 24 (7 décembre 2022) : 12545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412545.
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A robust facial recognition system that has soundness and completeness is essential for authorized control access to lawful resources. Due to the availability of modern image manipulation technology, the current facial recognition systems are vulnerable to different biometric attacks. Image morphing attack is one of these attacks. This paper compares and analyzes state-of-the-art morphing attack detection (MAD) methods. The performance of different MAD methods is also compared on a wide range of source image databases. Moreover, it also describes the morph image generation techniques along with the limitations, strengths, and drawbacks of each morphing technique. Results are investigated and compared with in-depth analysis providing insight into the vulnerabilities of existing systems. This paper provides vital information that is essential for building a next generation morph attack detection system.
Thèses sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Marriott, Richard. « Data-augmentation with synthetic identities for robust facial recognition ». Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC048.
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En 2014, l'utilisation des réseaux neuronaux profonds (RNP) a révolutionné la reconnaissance faciale (RF). Les RNP sont capables d'apprendre à extraire des images des représentations basées sur des caractéristiques qui sont discriminantes et robustes aux détails non pertinents. On peut dire que l'un des facteurs les plus importants qui limitent aujourd'hui les performances des algorithmes de RF sont les données utilisées pour les entraîner. Les ensembles de données d'images de haute qualité qui sont représentatives des conditions de test du monde réel peuvent être difficiles à collecter. Une solution possible est d'augmenter les ensembles de données avec des images synthétiques. Cette option est récemment devenue plus viable suite au développement des « generative adversarial networks » (GAN) qui permettent de générer des échantillons de données synthétiques très réalistes. Cette thèse étudie l'utilisation des GAN pour augmenter les ensembles de données FR. Elle examine la capacité des GAN à générer de nouvelles identités, et leur capacité à démêler l'identité des autres formes de variation des images. Enfin, un GAN intégrant un modèle 3D est proposé afin de démêler complètement la pose de l'identité. Il est démontré que les images synthétisées à l'aide du GAN 3D améliorent la reconnaissance des visages aux poses larges et une précision état de l'art est démontrée pour l'ensemble de données d'évaluation ``Cross-Pose LFW''.Le dernier chapitre de la thèse évalue l'une des utilisations plus néfastes des images synthétiques : l'attaque par morphing du visage. Ces attaques exploitent l'imprécision des systèmes de RF en manipulant les images de manière à ce qu'il puisse être faussement vérifié qu'elles appartiennent à plus d'une personne. Une évaluation des attaques par morphing de visage basées sur le GAN est fournie. Une nouvelle méthode de morphing basée sur le GAN est également présentée, qui minimise la distance entre l'image transformée et les identités originales dans un espace de caractéristiques biométriques. Une contre-mesure potentielle à ces attaques par morphing consiste à entraîner les réseaux FR en utilisant des identités synthétiques supplémentaires. Dans cette veine, l'effet de l'entraînement utilisant des données synthétiques GAN 3D sur le succès des attaques simulées de morphing facial est évaluéIn 2014, use of deep neural networks (DNNs) revolutionised facial recognition (FR). DNNs are capable of learning to extract feature-based representations from images that are discriminative and robust to extraneous detail. Arguably, one of the most important factors now limiting the performance of FR algorithms is the data used to train them. High-quality image datasets that are representative of real-world test conditions can be difficult to collect. One potential solution is to augment datasets with synthetic images. This option recently became increasingly viable following the development of generative adversarial networks (GANs) which allow generation of highly realistic, synthetic data samples. This thesis investigates the use of GANs for augmentation of FR datasets. It looks at the ability of GANs to generate new identities, and their ability to disentangle identity from other forms of variation in images. Ultimately, a GAN integrating a 3D model is proposed in order to fully disentangle pose from identity. Images synthesised using the 3D GAN are shown to improve large-pose FR and a state-of-the-art accuracy is demonstrated for the challenging Cross-Pose LFW evaluation dataset.The final chapter of the thesis evaluates one of the more nefarious uses of synthetic images: the face-morphing attack. Such attacks exploit imprecision in FR systems by manipulating images such that they might be falsely verified as belonging to more than one person. An evaluation of GAN-based face-morphing attacks is provided. Also introduced is a novel, GAN-based morphing method that minimises the distance of the morphed image from the original identities in a biometric feature-space. A potential counter measure to such morphing attacks is to train FR networks using additional, synthetic identities. In this vein, the effect of training using synthetic, 3D GAN data on the success of simulated face-morphing attacks is evaluated
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Read, Mary. « Reconfiguring academic identities : the experience of business facing academics in a UK university ». Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5819.
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The university sector at the beginning of the 21st Century is shifting in response to national and global changes in the role and purpose of Higher Education. Some universities, including the University of Hertfordshire, have chosen to focus attention on engagement with business and commerce. This practice based research examines the experience of academics in relation to the new challenges posed by this strategic development. There are three threads of investigation; interviews, examination of key concepts and the practitioner dimension. Drawing on a qualitative and constructivist approach, individual interviews with a range of business facing academics explore their experience of engaging with new activities. My perspective, as a manager of business facing academics, provides an important thread and situates the work firmly in the practice context. The implicit expectations arising from strategic positioning as a business facing university are examined. A conceptual framework is established with a focus on the nature of business facing activity, including its relationship with traditional forms of teaching and research, learning through work in the Higher Education setting and the idea of an enabling local context. The research found that amongst those undertaking business facing activity, academic identity is a fluid and multi-faceted construct reconfigured through experience and learning in the workplace; by its nature not easily defined, labelled or bounded. The challenge for universities is to nurture and sustain individuals in the creation and use of academic identities, in order to meet the undoubted challenges to come. This requires a forward looking, inclusive and innovative stance, resisting the temptation to judge current academic identities by the established notions of the past. Management of academics involved in business facing activity requires a more flexible, trusting and individual approach than is traditionally seen in universities.
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La, Spada Alberto <1989>. « From nation-states to nation-regions : the evolution of national identities facing the dawn of the global era ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4484.
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Aujourd’hui la mondialisation est arrivée à un niveau de progrès indéniablement important pour les relations internationales. Dans le même temps, on peut voir la multiplication des mouvements, aussi bien politiques que sociaux, empruntés au nationalisme. Est-il possible que la réaffirmation de l’identité nationale dans un monde global soit causée par l’échec dans la construction d’autres identités à un niveau super-national?
Mon analyse va se dérouler en partant de la première création de la nation au XVIII siècle, à l’aide de deux études de cas. L’Europe, avec la rivalité entre France et Allemagne, et l’Asie Orientale, où les relations entre la Chine et le Japon sont autant délicates. Dans le premier cas, on verra comme la construction d’une identité nouvelle, l’identité européenne, a permis la création de l’Union Européenne; dans le second cas, au contraire, l’échec de la même tentative mena à la division permanente de la péninsule coréenne.
De quelle manière les identités nationales vont se modifier face aux défis de la mondialisation?
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Gao, Lili. « The development of thinking as a doctor in medical students through multiprofessional team placements- medical students' identities in 'facing' other professional groups ». Thesis, Exeter and Plymouth Peninsula Medical School, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511621.
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Sointula, Anna. « Ancient Human Reconstructions and aDNA : Is there an ethical dilemma ? » Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417058.
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In recent years, archaeogenetic studies have been widely discussed in popular media and they have raised many questions, especially regarding cultural identity and ethnicity. This thesis discusses reconstructions based on ancient human remains and how they are related to the current academic hegemony and political circumstances in Europe. People of Britain have reacted particularly strongly to the reconstruction of the Cheddar Man, exhibited in the Natural History Museum in London. Based on this and few other reconstructions of ancient individuals, the ethical issues behind human reconstructions are analyzed and how museums and popular media as the public spaces displaying these pieces of art should deal with such issues as cultural heritage, human origins, and identity.Under de senaste åren har arkeogenetiska studier diskuterats allmänt i populära media och de har väckta väckts många frågor speciellt kring kulturell identitet och etnicitet. Denna studie diskuterar rekonstruktioner baserat på forntida mänskliga kvarlevor och hur de är relaterade till den nuvarande akademiska hegemonin och den politiska omständigheter i Europa. Människor i Storbritannien har reagerat särskilt starkt på rekonstruktionen av Cheddar-mannen, utställd i ”Natural History Museum” i London. Med utgångspunkt i denna och ytterligare några rekonstruktioner av forntida individer analyseras etiska frågor bakom mänskliga rekonstruktioner och hur museer och populära medier ska hanterar frågor om kulturarv, mänskligt ursprung och identitet.
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VINCO, Erika. « The neural mechanisms and hemispheric differences supporting learning new facial identities ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/928534.
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Numerosi studi hanno mostrato una specializzazione emisferica a favore dell'emisfero destro per determinati compiti cognitivi e a favore dell'emisfero sinistro per altri.
I volti sono lateralizzati a destra; mentre il materiale verbale a sinistra.
Le ipotesi di ricerca consistono nell'indagare se tale specializzazione emisferica è assoluta o relativa.
Il primo esperimento consiste in un compito di detezione semplice che compara i tempi di risposta (TR) con la mano destra e la mano sinistra a stimoli facciali e digrammi presentati al centro dello schermo di un computer. Lo scopo dell'esperimento è di indagare se la presentazione degli stimoli centralmente, quindi venivamo elaborati da entrambi gli emisferi nello stesso momento, mostrano comunque dei TR più veloci in risposta con la mano destra per i
digrammi e con la mano sinistra per i volti. Se la dominanza emisferica dovesse essere assoluta si dovrebbero ottenere dei TR significativamente più veloci in risposta con la mano sinistra per quanto riguarda i volti e con la mano destra per quanto riguarda i digrammi. Se, invece la dominanza emisferica dovesse essere relativa, inizialmente entrambi gli emisferi processano lo stimolo e successivamente un emisfero risultata superiore all'altro nel processamento di quel determinato compito. I dati ottenuti ci mostrano dei TR significativamente più veloci in risposta con la mano destra per i digrammi e nessuna differenza significativa in risposta con la mano sinistra per i volti. Questo ci indica che probabilmente il processamento di materiale verbale è a dominanza assoluta mentre il processamento dei volti a dominanza relativa.
Per il secondo esperimento, gli stimoli sono stati presentati in modo lateralizzato quindi non centralmente, ma nel campo visivo destro e sinistro. In questo studio ci si aspettava di trovare, se la dominanza emisferica è assoluta, prestazioni migliori in risposta con la mano controlaterale all'emisfero dominante per quel compito ed una differenza emisferica tra condizione crociata e non crociata (CUD) positiva. Nel caso in cui la dominanza fosse relativa ci si aspettava di trovare una CUD positiva nella condizione in cui la risposta manuale richiesta è ipsilaterale.
Gli stimoli, come per l'esperimento 1 erano sempre dei volti, dei digrammi e degli asterischi (stimoli di controllo) ed apparivano in modo casuale sia nel campo visivo destro e sia nel campo visivo sinistro. Questo esperimento non ha mostrato nessun dato significativo; quindi non riesce a rispondere alla questione riguardante la dominanza assoluta e relativa.A specialization of the left and right cerebral hemisphere in humans for perceptual and cognitive tasks has been demonstrated by a large number of studies. The specific hypothesis to be tested in the first study is whether the hemispheric specialization for a given task is absolute or relative. The present study consists of 2 experiments with unknown faces and digrams as stimuli. Faces, unlike visual verbal material which is lateralized to the LH, seem to be preferentially lateralized to the RH. The aim of experiment 1 was to assess whether it is possible to find an hemispheric asymmetry for faces and digrams by comparing the speed of the two hands, hence of the two hemispheres, in a simple detection task with central presentation of the stimuli. Despite that a centrally presented stimulus is projected initially to both hemispheres, in case of absolute specialization only one hemisphere should take over task processing. As a consequence, the hand directly controlled by that hemisphere should respond more quickly than the other one. The results shows that in the digram task there was a significant advantage of the right hand while the face task did not yield any difference. This suggests an hemispheric specialization of the left hemisphere for the digram task and a lack of specialization for the face task. In the experiment 2 we presented the stimuli to one or the other hemifield to tap an hemispheric specialization. The predictions are as follows: If the observed hemispheric difference is absolute, then response should be performed by the hand directly driven by the dominant hemisphere and therefore there should be a reliable positive CUD (crossed- uncrossed difference) when the stimulus is presented to that hemisphere. In contrast, if specialization is relative then there should be a positive CUD for stimulus presentation to either hemisphere. The digrams, faces and catch stimuli appeared in random order in the left or right visual field the left visual field. These results did not provide evidence of a hemispheric specialization in the two tasks and therefore cannot answer the question of a relative versus absolute specialization.
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Chou, Elena. « Altering bodies, constructing identities : Asian-Canadian women, facial cosmetic surgery and identity / ». 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR31981.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2007. Graduate Programme in Sociology.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-178). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR31981
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Dlamini, Iris Hlengiwe. « Sociolinguistic dynamics and challenges facing African learners in multiracial schools in terms of their linguistic and cultural identities ». Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2706.
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This dissertation explores the sociolinguistic dynamics and challenges facing African learners in some multiracial schools in KwaZulu-Natal in terms of their linguistic and cultural identities. It seeks to investigate the impact of schooling in multiracial schools on the identities of young Zulu speakers living in Sundumbili Township in Northern KwaZulu-Natal. Three formerly HOD schools in Stanger were identified as research sites, and 100 Grade 11 learners selected as respondents. Data was collected by a multi-method approach, through a written questionnaire, and through interviews with a sub-group of the respondents. Data analysis involved both qualitative and quantitative processes. The findings indicate that the learners investigated have responded to the challenges posed by their schooling in a multiracial environment by developing into bilingual speakers who are aware of the need to select their language according to the communicative needs of their context. They seem well able to shift from school to the township and vice versa. However it is clear that some are no longer fully proficient in isiZulu. At the same time, these learners still identify themselves as amaZulu, primarily on the basis of participating in Zulu cultural activities. The role of language in constituting Zulu identity appears to be receding: many respondents feel that speaking isiZulu is no longer essential to being amaZulu. These attitudes raise some concerns about the long-term maintenance of isiZulu. The thesis concludes with some recommendations aimed at enhancing the continued use of isiZulu. The Department of Education must ensure that all schools promote an additive form of bilingualism which will enable a child to develop in his/her mother tongue while getting exposure to an additional language. Furthermore economic value must be given to these African languages to enable learners to find meaning in studying and using them. Multiracial schools should celebrate diversity in both linguistic and cultural terms, and parents should come to accept the important roles that they need to play in this regard.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.
Livres sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Dejordy, Rich, et W. E. Douglas Creed. Institutional Pluralism, Inhabitants, and the Construction of Organizational and Personal Identities. Sous la direction de Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth et Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.9.
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In this chapter we propose that organizational identities—particularly organizational selves (Pratt and Kraatz, 2011)—are socially constructed in the service of personal identity projects. Building on institutional theory, we propose institutional inhabitants facing the myriad pressures associated with institutional pluralism respond with agency, socially constructing selves for organizations and appropriating them, through affiliation, as a resource in resolving those pressures in their personal identity projects. We then interrogate how and when this perspective may effect change in organizational identities and selves. We close the chapter by showing how this perspective applies in the comparison of three organizations existing in the same institutional environment and discussing implications of this perspective for future research on organizational identity.
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Linnebo, Øystein. The Julius Caesar Problem. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0009.
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The Julius Caesar problem concerns cross-categorical identities such as “3 = Julius Caesar”. The problem and its significance to some Fregean projects are explained. The notions of sortal and category are introduced. A neo-Fregean argument to the effect that every object belongs to a unique category is criticized and an alternative, more pragmatic argument to the same effect is developed. The handling of such mixed identity statements often needs conceptual decisions, not just factual discoveries. The conceptual decisions of our ancestors are implicit in our inherited linguistic practices, which have by and large legislated against the overlap of categories, but exceptions to the rule are certainly possible and very likely even actual.
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Chapdelaine, Pascale. Why User Rights ? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754794.003.0008.
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This chapter proposes a theory to justify the existence and scope of copyright user rights. The variety of identities and interests of copyright users, as well as the different means by which users experience copyright works call for a pluralistic theoretical approach to justify the existence and scope of user rights. Starting with the prima facie normative status of all ownership freedoms developed by James W. Harris (Property and Justice) the chapter refers to the instrumental justification of economic efficiency as a base for the existence and scope of user personal property rights in copies of copyright works. The influential instrumentalist justification of copyright to incent the creation and dissemination of works provides a theoretical basis to further define the existence and contours of user rights beyond the instances where users have property rights in copies of copyright works.
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Stitzlein, Sarah M. Legitimacy of Public Schools. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657383.003.0007.
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In chapter seven, I define political legitimacy, describe its connection to healthy democracy, and reveal how recent changes in education and the climate surrounding it may be causing a decline in the legitimacy of our schools. I show how political legitimacy results from citizens concluding that schools, as state institutions, are worthy of recognition and serve a justified role. Redirecting our attention from the accountability crisis, I demonstrate that our schools are facing a legitimacy crisis that is exacerbated by larger changes in societal values, citizen identities, and ideologies. I describe how we might come together as publics to deliberate the purposes of schools and assess their performance at meeting those goals in order to affirm that they are just and serve our needs. I turn to defining civil society as the primary space where publics form and act and, hence, where the legitimacy of schools can be affirmed and democracy upheld.
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Russo, Ann. Feminist Accountability. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9780814777169.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The book is divided into three sections: The first section, Cultivating Feminist Accountability, explores practices of accountability that embrace critical engagement of the power lines that shape our identities, relationships, and communities as we engage in feminist movement building and social change. The second section, Building Community Accountability and Transformative Justice, explores the concept and practice of community accountability and transformative justice within the context of U.S.-based feminist antiviolence movements. It introduces the feminist-of-color led efforts to shift from the dominant paradigm of institutionalized social services and carceral legal reform to community-based support, intervention, accountability, and transformation. The third section, (Re)Imagining Feminist Solidarity Politics, explores how a framework of feminist accountability can serve to disrupt and disentangle US-based feminist storytelling about the issues facing women of the global south from US imperial logics. Such a shift is essential for making visible the deep and historic relationship between and across these global divides and for creating possibilities for a solidarity based in mutuality, reciprocity and respect.
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Schreffler, Gibb. Dhol. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044076.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the early twenty-first century, the Punjab region’s traditional drummers, dholis, were experiencing “the toughest time ever.” Concurrently, their instrument, the iconic barrel-drum dhol, was experiencing unprecedented global popularity. This book uncovers why, notwithstanding the emblematic status of dhol for Punjabis, the dholis’ local communities are facing existential crisis. The pursuit of a national identity—which aids in political representation and maintaining historical consciousness during change—has led modern Punjabis to make particular economic, social, and artistic choices. A casualty of this pursuit has been the disenfranchisement of dholis, who do not find representation despite the symbolic import of dhol to that national identity. Through the example of dhol’s subtle appropriation, the book argues that the empowerment gained by bolstering Punjabi identity in the global arena works at the expense of people on Punjabi society’s margins. At its core are the hereditary-professional drummers who, while members of society’s low-status “outcaste” population, created and maintained dhol traditions over centuries. Exacerbated by a cultural nationalist discourse that downplays ethnic diversity, their subaltern ethnic identities have been rendered invisible. Recognizing their diverse ethnic affiliations, however, is only the first step towards hearing hitherto absent perspectives of individual musicians. As a work of advocacy, this book draws on two decades of ethnography of Indian, Pakistani, and diasporic Punjabi drummers to center their experiences in the story of modern Punjab.
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Bekker, Simon, et Anne Leilde, dir. Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. African Minds, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920051402.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Identity has become the watchword of our times. In sub-Saharan Africa, this certainly appears to be true and for particular reasons. Africa is urbanising rapidly, cross-border migration streams are swelling and globalising influences sweep across the continent. Africa is also facing up to the challenge of nurturing emergent democracies in which citizens often feel torn between older traditional and newer national loyalties. Accordingly, collective identities are deeply coloured by recent urban as well as international experience and are squarely located within identity politics where reconciliation is required between state nation-building strategies and sub-national affiliations. They are also fundamentally shaped by the growing inequality and the poverty found on this continent. These themes are explored by an international set of scholars in two South African and two Francophone cities. The relative importance to urban residents of race, class and ethnicity but also of work, space and language are compared in these cities. This volume also includes a chapter investigating the emergence of a continental African identity. A recent report of the Office of the South African President claims that a strong national identity is emerging among its citizens, and that race and ethnicity are waning whilst a class identity is in the ascendance. The evidence and analyses within this volume serve to gauge the extent to which such claims ring true, in what everyone knows is a much more complex and shifting terrain of shared meanings than can ever be captured by such generalisations.
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Demson, Michael, et Regina Hewitt, dir. Commemorating Peterloo. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428569.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Two hundred years after the massacre of peaceful protestors who had gathered in St Peter's Field, Manchester, to hear 'Orator' Henry Hunt speak for Parliamentary Reform, this volume brings together scholars of the Romantic Era to assess the implications of such state violence in England, Scotland, Ireland and North America. Chapters explore how attitudes toward violence and the claims of 'the people' to participate in government were reflected and revised in the works of figures such as P. B. Shelley, John Keats, Walter Scott, Sydney Owenson, John Cahuac and J.M.W. Turner. Their analyses provide fresh insights into cultural engagement as a means of resisting oppression and as a sign of the resilience of humanity in facing threats and force. On the whole, the book advances the hypothesis that 'Peterloo', as the event was termed to evoke the British military victory at Waterloo, was most of all a conflict over the perceived and aspirational identities of the participants and observers and that the conflict manifested the identity of 'the people' as claimants on government. Recognizing popular claim-making was crucial for the passage of Reform. Though Peterloo resulted in an immediate backlash of repression, it contributed in the longer term to the change in attitude enabling Reform. The book concludes that state violence ultimately proved ineffective against popular participation, though it also uncovers the ways in which repressive measures function as a subtle and hidden kind of violence that discourages civic activism and continues to call forth cultural resistance.
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Stevens, Matthew Frank, et Roman Czaja, dir. Towns on the Edge in Medieval Europe. British Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267301.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This volume contains comparative research investigating the emergence and development of urban communities within northern European territories subjected to the processes of conquest, colonisation and expansion during the high and later Middle Ages. European history can be understood as a process whereby a European political, social and cultural ‘core’, on an axis from England to Italy, colonized a European ‘periphery’ by creating new towns and settlements. In northern Europe this periphery included Wales, Ireland and the shores of the Baltic Sea. This volume makes the case that these peripheral areas were not just urbanised and Europeanised, but, facing common challenges specific to life at the periphery, new towns there developed unique solutions giving rise to equally unique societies that are the historical antecedents of many current or re-emergent civic, regional and national identities in Europe today. Our hypothesis asserts that the relationship between the core and peripheries was based on the one hand, on the transfer of cultural models, but on the other hand on their constant modification. These processes led to the creation of new forms of urban life on the European peripheries, and subsequent processes of reception at a local or regional scale, embodying unique societies, not simply the replication of core urban forms and communities. In order to investigate effectively the social and political order within them, we have chosen three of the most important constituent themes: the formation of the urban community; the normalization of social life and social disciplining; and peace making and peace keeping.
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Parker, Joanne, et Corinna Wagner, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669509.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Victorian medievalism physically transformed the streets of Britain. It lay at the root of new laws and social policies. It changed religious practices. It deeply coloured national identities. And it inspired art, literature, and music that remains influential to this day. Sometimes driven by nostalgia, but also often progressive and future-facing, this wide-reaching movement, which reached its peak during the reign of Queen Victoria, looked back to a range of different peoples and historical periods spanning a thousand years, in order to inspire and vindicate cultural, political and social change. Medievalism was pervasive in Victorian literature, with texts ranging from translated sagas to pseudo-medieval devotional verse, to triple-decker novels. It became a dominant architectural mode – transforming the English landscape, with 75% of new churches built on a ‘Gothic’ rather than a classical model, as well as museums, railway stations, town halls, and pumping stations. It was appealed to by both Whigs and Tories. But it also permeated domestic life – influencing the popularity of beards, the naming of children, and the design of homes and furniture. This landmark study is an attempt to draw together for the first time every major aspect of Victorian medievalism, and to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of the many disciplines to which it is relevant, including intellectual history, religious studies, social history, literary history, art history, and architecture. Bringing together the expertise of 39 experts from different subject areas, it reveals the pervasiveness and multi-faceted character of the movement in the nineteenth century, and explains its continuing legacy today.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Zhang, Hang, Yuming Xuan et Xiaolan Fu. « What Expression Could Be Found More Quickly ? It Depends on Facial Identities ». Dans Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 195–201. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11573548_25.
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Nemmaoui, Saadia, et Sihame Elhammani. « A New Approach Based on Steganography to Face Facial Recognition Vulnerabilities Against Fake Identities ». Dans Business Intelligence, 269–83. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76508-8_19.
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Bennett, Yan. « China's inward- and outward-facing identities ». Dans COVID-19 and Foreign Aid, 266–85. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273844-15.
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AbiYaghi, Marie-Noëlle, Myriam Catusse et Miriam Younes. « From isqat an-nizam at-ta’ifi to the Garbage Crisis Movement : Political Identities and Antisectarian Movements ». Dans Lebanon Facing The Arab Uprisings, 73–91. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00005-4_5.
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Wolfreys, Julian. « Writing (of) Identities : Facing up to Derrida or, the Example of Paul Valéry ». Dans Deconstruction · Derrida, 119–37. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26618-0_4.
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Koroļeva, Ilze. « The Complex Identities of Latvians Abroad : What Shapes a Migrant’s Sense of Belonging ? » Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 69–95. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Building on the data from The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey, this chapter aims to reveal and describe the complex nature of the sense of geographic and social belonging of those who became emigrants. It will explore the factors affecting the maintenance of their identity and consider transformation processes among migrants. The starting point of this chapter is the assumption that the ‘sense of belonging’ is affected by a variety of different objective and subjective factors, and that identity is multi-faceted. Instead of facing a trade-off between feeling close to the home country or host country, or developing a supranational identity, different combinations of types of a ‘sense of belonging’ can be distinguished among Latvian migrants. Using cluster analysis, the author distinguishes four separate groups of emigrants based on their attitudes and self-identification. Among the findings is that most respondents feel closer to Latvia than their host country. However, people who left Latvia during the years of the Great Recession and its aftermath, and who left for economic reasons, are the most alienated from their home country. Among the factors important in shaping this sense of belonging are subjective life satisfaction and having friends and family back at home.
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Khayretdinova, Alina, Michael Kubach, Rachelle Sellung et Heiko Roßnagel. « Conducting a Usability Evaluation of Decentralized Identity Management Solutions ». Dans DuD-Fachbeiträge, 389–406. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33306-5_19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractNew approaches to identity management based on technologies such as blockchain and distributed ledgers are promoted as a chance to give users full control over their own identity data. Despite being often called the future of digital identity management, Decentralized Identity Management (DIdM) and Self-sovereign Identities (SSI) are still facing a number of challenges, usability being a major one: their concepts are too sophisticated for users and do not fit their mental models. We address this by conducting a study that analyses and evaluates the usability and practical applicability of some of the most advanced DIdM solutions. The results of the user tests reveal existing usability issues and outline the way they deprive end users of experiencing the entire range of claimed privacy and security benefits of these identity solutions.
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Graham, Patrick J., et Joseph J. Tobin. « The Body as a Canvas : Developing a Deaf Bodily Habitus in Deaf Signing Preschools ». Dans Deaf Identities, 145–61. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887599.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The authors of this chapter, one deaf and one hearing, are educational anthropologists who explore how deaf bodies become social agents that mediate the spaces around them. They describe their research in signing preschools located in three different countries that provide opportunities for deaf children to learn their country’s formal sign language, be introduced to Deaf culture, and acquire a Deaf habitus. There are detailed examples of the process by which these children acquire social awareness and physical approaches to create cultural perspectives of their bodies as representative of their society and of deaf identities. Readers will see how teachers can support the early development of a Deaf bodily habitus by introducing Deaf cultural norms of eye gaze, attention elicitation strategies, joint attention, facial expressions, and body language, which are some of the building blocks of a culturally Deaf identity.
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Lancaster, Sean. « Biometric Controls and Privacy ». Dans Online Consumer Protection, 300–309. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-012-7.ch015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Biometrics is an application of technology to authenticate users’ identities through the measurement of physiological or behavioral patterns. The verification system offers greater security to the use of passwords or smart cards. Biometric characteristics cannot be lost or forgotten. As biometric characteristics are concerned with the very makeup of who we are, there are also security, privacy, and ethical concerns in their adoption.Fingerprint, iris, voice, hand geometry, face, and signature are all considered biometric characteristics and used in the authentication process. Examples of everyday biometric applications include thumbprint locks on laptop computers, fingerprint scanners to enter a locked door on a house, and facial recognition scans for forensic use. While there are several examples of biometrics currently in use, it is still an emerging technology. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a descriptive discussion of the current and future state of biometrics.
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« Good Girl Art – facing images of women in David Mack’s Kabuki ». Dans Superheroes and Identities, 129–44. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315757476-15.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Wu, Tao, P. Jonathon Phillips et Rama Chellappa. « Propagation of facial identities in a social network ». Dans 2013 IEEE 6th International Conference on Biometrics : Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2013.6712757.
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Li, Y., S. Gong et H. Liddell. « Recognising Trajectories of Facial Identities Using Kernel Discriminant Analysis ». Dans British Machine Vision Conference 2001. British Machine Vision Association, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5244/c.15.63.
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Liu, Hanyu, Xu Zhong et Yu Zhou. « Design and Robust Recognition of Omnidirectional Landmarks for Indoor Mobile Robot Positioning ». Dans ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12256.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this paper, we present an omnidirectional artificial landmark model and a robust artificial landmark recognition algorithm for indoor mobile robot positioning. The landmark model encodes identities with nested circles in black and white, which provides stable edge response and enables strong tolerance to various lighting conditions and perspective distortions. The corresponding positioning system uses a single upward-facing webcam as the vision sensor to capture landmarks. To address the effect of the lighting and sensing noise, the topological contour analysis is applied to detect landmarks, and the dynamic illumination adjustment is used to assist landmark recognition. Based on the landmark recognition, the absolute position of the camera in the environment is estimated using a trilateration algorithm. The landmark model and positioning system are tested with a mobile robot in a real indoor environment. The results show that the purposed technique provides autonomous indoor positioning for mobile robots with high robustness and consistency.
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Myasnikova, Lyudmila, et Elena Shlegel. « Transformation of Individuality & ; Publicity : Philosophic-Anthropological Analysis ». Dans The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-02.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The problem of the balance between society and personality, awareness of ‘individuality’, ‘personality’, as well as ‘publicity’ (publicness) are ranked among the central philosophical issues. There are many interpretations of them. And these matters remain critical in today’s ‘individualised’ society. Based on a philosophic-anthropological approach, and using comparative-historical methods, the authors trace the cultural-historical transformation of the subsistence of an individual in society from Antiquity to the present. An individual is characterised via such conceptions as ‘social type’, ‘individuality’, ‘personality’. The author’s interpretation of these concepts does not always coincide with the generally accepted one. In particular, the individual is often understood as an ‘ensemble of social relations’, i.e. as synonymous with the social. Furthermore, the authors define the term ‘social type’ as an expression of the societal, the term ‘individuality’ as a holograph or verge of the world, the absolute, mankind, whereas the term ‘personality’ is understood as an individuality rendered ‘in-being-with-others’. The main developmental trend in the relationship between the individual and society is the long cultural-historical transition from an individuality ‘outside the world’ to an individuality ‘in the world’. The authors justify the idea that an individualised society is not a society of individuals. Furthermore, the transformation of the conventional conception of publicness is revealed, the ephemerality of publicness in contemporary society in general, and particularly in virtual space, is highlighted. Publicness is substituted with cocktail parties, ‘cloakroom communities’, and shindigs. The article deals with the construction of virtual identity in the social media of the younger generation. At the end of the article, the authors conclude that in the contemporary world of multiple identities, a person has to look for life values, once again facing the problem of choice and a new understanding of freedom.
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Sedini, Carla, Marina Parente et Giuliano Simonelli. « Regeneration through Design. Comparing old and new phases of urban renewal strategies ». Dans Systems & Design : Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3284.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the last years, a new phase of economic crisis, which is concerning sectors of manufacturing industries, is affecting Europe. Focusing on Italy, sectors which have strongly characterized our country, such as textile and accessories, are facing with an fluctuating period of crisis. Also in this case, as it happened from late ‘80s, the urban structures and identities are seriously affected and need interventions of regeneration in order to gain new life both from social, productive and commercial point of views. Having in mind the Italian case, while the first phase identified had the characteristics of a disruptive macro-phenomenon, the second phase is more subtle and gradual. In this paper we are going to focus on changes of design culture in light of these urban phenomena. While we can already make a first evaluation of regeneration projects developed after the crisis of heavy industry sectors, the most recent events of industrial recession and the consequent regeneration of the correspondent empty areas are still ongoing. In order to analyze and, where it is possible, compare these two phases, we are going to look at two Italian case studies. The first is Bicocca, an area of Milan, which in the ‘90s was interested by a massive plan of regeneration and transformation after the closure of Breda and Pirelli industries. The second is Biella, a Piedmont Province city, which has been one of the most important centers for the textile and wool industry; the crisis of this sector strongly emerged in the first years on 2000 even if it had already begun between ‘80s and ‘90s when the biggest textile factories closed down. The differences between these two examples are not merely physical and dimensional but are clearly influenced by a different timing in the regeneration processes, which occurred in these areas (or, in the case of Biella, is still occurring). The analysis proposed in this paper will be focus on the action-research developed within two didactic experiences. Notwithstanding the distinctions in terms of objectives and actors involved, in this paper we are going to delineate a systemic approach to study and design for the regeneration, improvement and innovation of places. We will try to understand if, through strategic design, it is possible to identify those soft levers and interventions able to rejoin the pieces of places, which lost their functionality and identity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3284
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Facial identities"
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Yousef, Yohanna, et Nadia Butti. “There is No Safety” : The Intersectional Experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox Women in Iraq . Institute of Development Studies, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.026.
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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation and discrimination faced by Chaldean Catholic Christian women in Iraq. Christian communities in Iraq have faced threats and discrimination throughout their history. Their numbers have declined considerably in recent years as more Christians have been displaced or forced to migrate due to war, occupation and persecution. This research, which focuses on the experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox women and men in Iraq, demonstrates the commonalities among different groups of Christian women and men. However, it also highlights the specific challenges facing Christian women, interlinked with their identities as women who are part of a religious minority and to their geographic location.
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Shaw, Kristi Lee, et Geoff Bridgman. Creating Appreciation and Community Support for Mothers Caring for a Child with an Anxiety Disorder. Unitec ePress, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/mono.097.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research examined a unique approach to anxiety disorder, one of the most prevalent and growing mental health concerns internationally. It uncovered the mostly invisible and challenging experiences of mothers caring for a child with an anxiety disorder and the value of their reciprocal relationships with their children for both their health and wellbeing. In addition, it explored social identity in making meaningful connection using a generative action-oriented social approach to address anxiety in the community. An appreciative inquiry, using social constructionist theory, and underpinned by elements of kaupapa Māori values, was utilised to explore the research questions. The data was collected via paired interviews, focus groups and small questionnaires with three to four mothers, after which thematic analysis was undertaken to identify important themes.There were four key themes discovered in the findings: (1) the mothers’ ongoing and challenging experiences of being silenced and isolated on the fringes, navigating the quagmire of social and institutional systems to help them help their children; (2) the mothers’ learning to cope by creating calm in the home, the child, and in themselves, often requiring them to ‘suspend’ their lives until their children become more independent; (3) the mothers employing a mother as advocate identity to face the challenges, and co-creating a mother as advocate group identity to continue to face those challenges to design a collective initiative;and (4) the value of freedom that the mothers experienced participating in the appreciative inquiry process with other mothers facing similar challenges and sharing their stories.This study demonstrates how appreciative inquiry is aligned with and supports the value of social identity theory and creating meaningful connections to help position and address anxiety disorder in the community. A key insight gained in this study is that our current social and institutional systems create disconnection in many facets of Western life, which contributes to the generation and perpetuation of stigmatisation, isolation and anxiety disorder. Within a Western capitalistic and individualistic culture, mental illness has become predominantly pathologised and medicated, positioning anxiety disorder within the child, and relegating the social dimension of the biopsychosocial approach as almost irrelevant. As mothers in this system spend valuable energy advocating for more support for their children, they put their own mental health at risk. There is no one solution; however, this study demonstrates that when mothers are supported through an appreciative inquiry process, strengthening their personal and social identities, there is the potential for health and wellbeing to increase for them, their children and the community.
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Global Food 50/50 : Hungry for gender equality. Global Health 50/50, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56649/wiqe2012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Across the world, populations are facing severe threats and rising inequalities due to a combination of climate change, environmental degradation, COVID-19 and conflict. Food systems, as a result, are in crisis and people are increasingly feeling the impact on their everyday lives. For women, globally and across regions, the impact of the food systems crisis is more severe than for men, and women are more food insecure than men. Women, historically and now, have less access to healthy food, land ownership and resources for food production than men. Gender inequalities are woven through food systems, and contribute to unjust food production, access and consumption. Global food systems organizations are working to address some of the critical issues facing populations’ access to food and nutrition. The second annual Global Food 50/50 Report assesses whether and how such organizations are integrating gender and equality considerations in their work. It reviews the policies and practices of 51 organizations as they relate to two interlinked dimensions of inequality: inequality of opportunity in career pathways inside organizations and inequality in who benefits from the global food system. The primary aim of the Global Food 50/50 Report is to encourage food systems organizations to confront and address gender inequality both within their organizations and governance structures, and in their programmatic approaches across food systems. A second aim is to increase recognition of the role that gender plays in who runs and benefits from food systems for everybody: women and men, including transgender people, and people with nonbinary gender identities. Key findings from this year’s report show that gender and geographic diversity are severely lacking in the boards of major global food organizations, with leadership positions dominated by men from the global north. This matters because representation from a narrow section of the global population will not result in policies and programmes that meet the needs and interests of all people, across all regions, including women. The review of board composition of 51 organizations showed that more than 70% of board seats are held by nationals of high-income countries. Just 8% of board seats are held by women from low- and middle-income countries. However, there is room for hope. Our findings show an increase in women board chairs from 26% in 2021 to 35% in 2022. More organizations are publishing board diversity policies—policies were found in 30% of organizations, a 10% increase since 2021. Moreover, the review located five new board diversity policies across the sample. A high proportion of organizations (49/52) have made formal and public commitments to gender equality and this has increased since 2021. In 2022, there was an increase of five organizations with gender-transformative programmatic approaches, from 60% to 70% and a decrease in the number of organizations with gender-blind approaches. Despite some advances among some global food systems organizations, the sector has a long way to go to achieve gender equality in the boardroom, in the workplace and in who benefits from their work. The data in this report can equip leaders at all levels—from communities to workforces to boards—to take action, drive change, measure progress, and hold those in power accountable to their commitments to advance gender equality and transform food systems. A fairer, more gender-equal system will be best placed to end hunger, poverty, and inequality around the world.