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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Facial cue »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Coetzee, Vinet, David I. Perrett et Ian D. Stephen. « Facial Adiposity : A Cue to Health ? » Perception 38, no 11 (janvier 2009) : 1700–1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6423.

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Russell, Richard, Aurélie Porcheron, Jennifer Sweda, Emmanuelle Mauger et Frederique Morizot. « Facial contrast is a cue for health perception ». Journal of Vision 15, no 12 (1 septembre 2015) : 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1213.

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Watanabe, Noriya, Masahiko Haruno et Masamichi Sakagami. « Emotional facial expression accelerates cue-reward association learning ». Neuroscience Research 68 (janvier 2010) : e291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1292.

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Quist, Michelle C., Christopher D. Watkins, Finlay G. Smith, Lisa M. DeBruine et Benedict C. Jones. « Facial masculinity is a cue to women’s dominance ». Personality and Individual Differences 50, no 7 (mai 2011) : 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.032.

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Law Smith, M. J., D. I. Perrett, B. C. Jones, R. E. Cornwell, F. R. Moore, D. R. Feinberg, L. G. Boothroyd et al. « Facial appearance is a cue to oestrogen levels in women ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 273, no 1583 (novembre 2005) : 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3296.

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Although many accounts of facial attractiveness propose that femininity in women's faces indicates high levels of oestrogen, there is little empirical evidence in support of this assumption. Here, we used assays for urinary metabolites of oestrogen (oestrone-3-glucuronide, E1G) and progesterone (pregnanediol-3-glucuronide, P3G) to investigate the relationship between circulating gonadal hormones and ratings of the femininity, attractiveness and apparent health of women's faces. Positive correlations were observed between late follicular oestrogen and ratings of femininity, attractiveness and health. Positive correlations of luteal progesterone and health and attractiveness ratings were marginally significant. Ratings of facial attributions did not relate to hormone levels for women wearing make-up when photographed. There was no effect of sex of rater on the relationships between oestrogen and ratings of facial appearance. These findings demonstrate that female facial appearance holds detectable cues to reproductive health that are considered attractive by other people.
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Boothroyd, Lynda G., Isabel Scott, Alan W. Gray, Claire I. Coombes et Nicholas Pound. « Male Facial Masculinity as a Cue to Health Outcomes ». Evolutionary Psychology 11, no 5 (décembre 2013) : 147470491301100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100508.

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Evolutionary theories of human attraction draw heavily upon nonhuman literature, and currently the Immunocompetence Handicap Hypothesis dominates research into female attraction to male facial masculinity. Although some studies have shown links between masculinity and some measures of health, other data have failed to support the Immunocompetence Hypothesis as applied to human face preferences. Here we summarize that literature and present new data regarding links between masculinity and multiple measures of health condition in human males. Undergraduate males were photographed and their faces were assessed for sexual dimorphism using multiple methods and rated for apparent healthiness and attractiveness. Participants also reported recent health experiences both prior to being photographed and then again 10 weeks later. Although both attractiveness and rated health were associated with better actual health in the past and future (mainly indexed by lower antibiotic use), results were mixed for masculinity. With respect to respiratory illnesses, facial masculinity (assessed using morphometric techniques) was associated with better past health but with worse future health. Possible reasons for the complex and inconsistent findings are discussed and some potentially fruitful avenues of future research are outlined.
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Carré, Justin M., Cheryl M. McCormick et Catherine J. Mondloch. « Facial Structure Is a Reliable Cue of Aggressive Behavior ». Psychological Science 20, no 10 (octobre 2009) : 1194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02423.x.

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Roberts, S. Craig, Tamsin K. Saxton, Alice K. Murray, Robert P. Burriss, Hannah M. Rowland et Anthony C. Little. « Static and Dynamic Facial Images Cue Similar Attractiveness Judgements ». Ethology 115, no 6 (juin 2009) : 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01640.x.

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Porcheron, Aurélie, Emmanuelle Mauger, Frédérique Soppelsa, Richard Russell et Frédérique Morizot. « Facial contrast is a universal cue for perceiving age. » Journal of Vision 15, no 12 (1 septembre 2015) : 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/15.12.1222.

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DeBruine, Lisa M. « Trustworthy but not lust-worthy : context-specific effects of facial resemblance ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 272, no 1566 (7 mai 2005) : 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.3003.

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If humans are sensitive to the costs and benefits of favouring kin in different circumstances, a strong prediction is that cues of relatedness will have a positive effect on prosocial feelings, but a negative effect on sexual attraction. Indeed, positive effects of facial resemblance (a potential cue of kinship) have been demonstrated in prosocial contexts. Alternatively, such effects may be owing to a general preference for familiar stimuli. Here, I show that subtly manipulated images of other-sex faces were judged as more trustworthy by the participants they were made to resemble than by control participants. In contrast, the effects of resemblance on attractiveness were significantly lower. In the context of a long-term relationship, where both prosocial regard and sexual appeal are important criteria, facial resemblance had no effect. In the context of a short-term relationship, where sexual appeal is the dominant criterion, facial resemblance decreased attractiveness. The results provide evidence against explanations implicating a general preference for familiar-looking stimuli and suggest instead that facial resemblance is a kinship cue to which humans modulate responses in a context-sensitive manner.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Horowitz, Erin J. « Facial Information as a Minimal Cue of Animacy ». Thesis, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784374.

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The tendency for humans to give preferential attention to animate agents in their immediate surroundings has been well-documented and likely reflects an evolved specialization to a persistent adaptive problem. In uncertain or ambiguous cases, this tendency can result in an over-detection of animacy, as the potential costs of failing to detect an animate agent far outweigh those of mistaken identification. In line with this, it seems likely that humans have evolved a sensitivity to specific cues which are indicative of animacy such that the mere presence of these cues will lead to detection, regardless of the objective category membership of the entity in question. There exists a wealth of research speaking to this effect with regards to motion cues, specifically in terms of the capacity for self-propulsion and goal-directed action. Morphological cues have also been implicated - most especially the presence of facial features – as they specify a capacity for perceptual feedback from the environment, which is essential for goal-directed motion. However, it remains an open question as to whether the capacity for animacy detection is similarly sensitive to facial information in the absence of motion cues.

The experiments reported here attempted to address this question by implementing a novel task in which participants were asked to judge the animacy or inanimacy (or membership in animal or object categories) of different images: animals with and without visible facial features, and objects with and without visible facial features. Beyond replicating a general advantage for detecting animate agents over inanimate objects, the primary predictions for these experiments were that facial features would have a differential effect on performance, such that they would improve performance when visible in animals, and would hinder performance when visible in objects. Experiments 1a and 1b provided a preliminary confirmation of this pattern of responses using images of familiar and unfamiliar animals (e.g., dogs versus jellyfish), and unaltered images of objects with and without faces. Experiment 2 improved on the design of this task by more closely matching the sets of images (the same animals facing toward or away from the camera, and objects with faces which had been digitally altered to disrupt the facial features), and by changing the prompt of the task from yes/no judgments of animacy to categorization into animal or object groups. Experiment 3 examined the face inversion effect, or the failure to recognize familiar faces when their orientation is inverted, on animal-object categorization. Lastly, experiments 4 and 5 attempted to extend the findings from experiment 2 to preschool-aged children, by implementing a card sorting task (experiment 4) and a computerized animal detection task (experiment 5). The results of this series of experiments highlight the prominent role of facial features in detecting animate agents in one’s surroundings.

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Han, Chengyang. « Facial appearance as a cue of physical condition ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8788/.

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Social judgments of facial appearance may reflect that individual’s physical condition. In this thesis, I present empirical studies investigating social judgments of facial appearance and their underlying physiology. The first empirical chapter investigates the relationship between social judgments of women’s facial appearance and their salivary cortisol levels and body mass index (BMI). Faces of women with lower BMI were rated as more attractive, healthier, and more feminine. By contrast with previous research, social judgments of women’s faces were not related to their salivary cortisol, however. These results suggest that the type of health information reflected in women's faces includes qualities indexed by BMI, but does not necessarily include qualities indexed by cortisol. In my second empirical chapter, I investigated the interrelationships among a composite measure of men's actual threat potential (derived from measures of their upper-body strength, height, and weight) and composite measures of these men's perceived facial and vocal threat potential (derived from dominance, strength, and weight ratings of their faces and voices, respectively). Although men's perceived facial and vocal threat potential were positively correlated, men's actual threat potential was related to their perceived facial, but not vocal, threat potential. Consistent with other recent work on cues of men’s threat potential, these results present new evidence that men's faces may be a more valid cue of these aspects of threat potential than their voices are. Whereas Chapters 2 and 3 arguably focused on the possible role of face shape characteristics in communicating information about physical condition, Chapter 4 focused specifically on facial coloration. In Chapter 4, I investigated the effects of manipulating color cues in White UK and Chinese faces on White UK and Chinese participants’ judgments of attractiveness and health. By contrast with the cross-cultural similarity between White UK and Black African participants’ responses to facial coloration reported in previous studies, I found cultural differences in the effects of facial coloration on Chinese and White UK participants' facial attractiveness and health judgments. While both Chinese and White UK participants preferred faces with increased lightness and redness, Chinese participants had stronger preferences for lightness and White UK participants had stronger preferences for redness. More strikingly, while Chinese participants preferred faces with decreased yellowness, White UK participants preferred faces with increased yellowness, and this effect was not qualified by face ethnicity. These results suggest that preferences for facial coloration are not necessarily universal, but can differ across cultures. The research reported in this thesis suggests that faces contain information about body size (Chapters 2 and 3). They also show that responses to facial color cues, a putative cue of physical condition preferences for which have previously been suggested to be highly similar across cultures, can vary as a function of cultural factors (Chapter 4). Together, these results indicate that, although aspects of physical condition may be reflected in facial appearance, responses to facial cues are not necessarily universal.
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Eldblom, Hans. « Facial width-to-height ratio as a cue of threat : An ERP study ». Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15570.

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The late positive potential (LPP) is an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with increased affective processing. Studies have shown that stimuli with high evolutionary significance (e.g. a threatening face) induce increased activity over centro-parietal areas of the brain. In an electrophysiological context, this is hypothesized to be indexed by greater LPP amplitudes. The facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is a facial-masculinity metric which refers to cheekbone width, divided by upper facial height (top of the lip to between the brows). For the first time, LPP amplitudes were examined in subjects upon observing faces with high vs. low facial fWHRs. Prior studies suggest that faces with high fWHRs are perceived as more threatening than faces with low fWHRs. Consequently, fWHR has by some researchers been proposed to serve as a cue of threat. Two separate tasks in the present study were used to investigate this. In the aggression task, males with high fWHRs were judged as more aggressive. Moreover, when put in a threatening context, high fWHR faces also elicited greater LPP amplitudes in subjects compared to faces with low fWHRs. Conversely, in the self-regulation task, differences in LPP amplitudes did not reach significance. In this task, statistical power was low due to few blocks/trials in the ERP experiment and subjects were not primed on threat, which may explain the non-significant results. Taken together, the results provide modest support to the theory that fWHR serve as a cue of threat. Future studies will need to take the present study’s limitations into consideration
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BACCOLO, ELISA. « It’s written all over your face. The ontogeny of sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277385.

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Gli esseri umani sono ipersensibili a quelle proprietà facciali che trasmettono segnali sociali. La capacità di attribuire giudizi di affidabilità basati sui segnali del volto, vale a dire quei segnali che usiamo per dedurre se una persona può essere avvicinata in modo sicuro o piuttosto evitata, è nota per essere veloce, automatica e basata su pochissime informazioni. Questa tesi di dottorato mira a indagare: (1) se la sensibilità ai tratti di affidabilità del volto sia modulata da differenze individuali nelle attitudini sociali e comportamentali; (2) la traiettoria evolutiva di questa sensibilità; (3) se la sensibilità alle sottili variazioni degli indizi facciali all'affidabilità è un fenomeno universale o è piuttosto modulata dalla cultura e / o dall'etnia del viso. Il Capitolo 1 mira a indagare se differenze nella sensibilità percettiva e nella rappresentazione mentale di volti che variano per livello di affidabilità espressa sono associate a differenze individuali relative alla motivazione sociale. I risultati hanno mostrato che le differenze individuali nella motivazione sociale possono avere un impatto sulla quantità di esperienza sociale e quindi sul livello di sensibilità nei confronti di segnali facciali all'affidabilità. Il capitolo 2 si è concentrato sulla traiettoria evolutiva di tale sensibilità. Lo studio 2 mira a studiare in che modo la sensibilità percettiva e la rappresentazione mentale di differenze minime nell'informazione facciale che sottende la percezione di affidabilità si sviluppano nel tempo, tenendo conto delle differenze individuali nello sviluppo emotivo. I risultati hanno mostrato che la sensibilità ai segnali di affidabilità del volto e la capacità di impiegare questi segnali per generare giudizi di affidabilità è presente in età prescolare, ma matura per raggiungere livelli simili a quelli degli adulti all'età di 7 anni, sviluppandosi insieme alle capacità di comprensione delle emozioni. Gli studi 3 e 4 hanno utilizzato due diversi paradigmi EEG con neonati di 6 mesi per indagare se questa sensibilità sia già presente nel primo anno di vita. I dati combinati provenienti dagli studi 3 e 4 contribuiscono a dimostrare che i bambini di 6 mesi sono sensibili a quegli indizi facciali che vengono successivamente utilizzati per generare giudizi di affidabilità. Infine, il capitolo 3 presenta una convalida di stimoli che verranno utilizzati per esplorare la presenza di differenze cross-culturali nello sviluppo nella percezione dell'affidabilità del volto. Nel complesso, tutti gli studi presentati suggeriscono che la sensibilità ai tratti di affidabilità del volto si manifesta nei primissimi anni di vita, per poi affinarsi tramite l'esperienza nel corso dello sviluppo. Inoltre, suggeriscono che la percezione dell’affidabilità di un volto potrebbe essere cross-culturale, in quanto non è influenzata dall'esperienza che un individuo acquisisce con una determinata categoria di volti.
Human beings are hypersensitive to those facial properties that convey social signals. The ability to attribute trustworthiness judgements based on facial cues to trustworthiness, i.e. those cues that we use to derive whether a person can be safely approached or better avoided, is known to be fast, automatic and based on very little information. This doctoral dissertation aims at investigating: (1) whether sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness is modulated by individual variations in social personality characteristics; (2) the developmental trajectory of this sensitivity; (3) if sensitivity to subtle variations in facial cues to trustworthiness is a universal phenomenon or is it modulated by culture and/or face ethnicity. Chapter 1 aimed at investigating whether individual differences in fine-grained perceptual sensitivity and mental representation of facial features related to trustworthiness judgements are associated with individual differences in social motivation. Results showed that individual differences in social motivation can have an impact on the amount of social experience and thus the level of developed sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness. Chapter 2 focused on the developmental trajectory of such sensitivity. Study 2 aimed to investigate how perceptual sensitivity to and mental representation of fine-grained differences in facial information subtending social perception of trustworthiness develops in time, taking into account individual differences in emotional development. Results showed that sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness and the ability to employ these cues to generate trustworthiness judgements is present in preschool years, but matures to reach adult-like levels at the age of 7, developing together with emotion understanding abilities. Study 3 and 4 used two different EEG paradigms with 6-month-old infants to question whether this sensitivity is already present in the first year of life. Combined data coming from Study 3 and 4 contribute in showing that 6-month-old infants are sensitive to those facial cues that are later used to generate trustworthiness judgements. Finally, Chapter 3 presents a validation of stimuli that will be used to explore the presence of developmental cross-cultural differences in the perception of face trustworthiness. Overall, all presented studies suggest that sensitivity to facial cues to trustworthiness manifests in the very first years of life, to be then refined by experience over the course of development. Moreover, they suggest that trustworthiness perception could be cross-cultural, as it is not influenced by the experience an individual gains with a certain face category.
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Mazefsky, Carla Ann. « Emotion Perception in Asperger's Syndrome and High-functioning Autism : The Importance of Diagnostic Criteria and Cue Intensity ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1449.

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Asperger's syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder that is associated with marked social dysfunction. Deficits in the perception of nonverbal cues of emotion may be related to this social impairment. Research has indicated that children with autism are limited in their emotion perception abilities, but studies that have addressed this issue with individuals with AS or high-functioning autism (HFA) have yielded inconsistent findings. These inconsistencies may be related to methodological differences across studies including diagnostic criteria and failure to consider the intensity of the emotion cues. It was hypothesized that children with AS and HFA would both have deficits in emotion perception compared to typically-developing children. However, children with HFA were expected to have an even greater emotion perception deficit than children with AS and this difference was hypothesized to be most pronounced for low intensity cues of emotion. It is important to clarify whether individuals with AS and HFA differ in emotion perception because most studies of this skill combine them into one group or use poorly defined diagnostic criteria. This study examined the ability of 30 8- to 15-year-old children with either AS or HFA to perceive emotion from high and low intensity cues. In order to address limitations with the differential validity of the DSM-IV criteria for AS, diagnoses were based on diagnostic criteria proposed by Klin et al. (in press). A researcher who was blind to diagnosis administered a test that presented low and high intensity cues of emotion in photographs of facial expression and audiotapes of tone of voice. Comparison of the emotion perception accuracy of children with AS to the normative means of this instrument for typically-developing children did not reveal any significant differences. In contrast, the children with HFA were significantly less accurate in their perception of facial expressions and tone of voice than the normative sample and the participants with AS. Contrary to expectations, IQ was significantly related to emotion perception accuracy. After controlling for IQ, the difference in perception of facial expressions between children with AS and HFA was not significant. On the other hand, cue intensity moderated the relation between diagnosis and emotion perception accuracy for tone of voice even after IQ was taken into account. Children with AS perceived high and low intensity tone of voice cues with similar accuracy, but children with HFA had significantly poorer performance on the low intensity tone of voice cues. Although emotion perception accuracy was related to better adjustment, it was not correlated with the most sensitive measure of current social functioning. This suggests that even when children with AS or HFA perceive cues correctly, they may not know how or be able to properly integrate them for adaptive responses in social interaction. The findings have important implications for understanding inconsistencies in past research and identifying future directions.
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Boraston, Zillah Louise. « Emotion recognition from facial and non-facial cues ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445207/.

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The recognition of another's emotion is a vital component of social interaction, and a number of brain regions have been implicated in this process. This thesis describes a series of experiments which investigate further the neural basis of emotion recognition, and its disruption in autism, a disorder characterised by profound impairments in social and emotional understanding. First, I attempted to determine more precisely the role of two brain regions, the amygdala and fusiform gyrus, using multivariate analysis to investigate whether the identity of observed emotions is represented in the spatial pattern of activity in these regions. I next focused on a particular cue to emotion - that of social movement. For this purpose, I designed a novel test of emotion recognition using abstract animations. I used this in an fMRI study together with emotion recognition tasks relying on facial expression and prosody. I found that some brain regions involved in processing these more commonly studied cues were also recruited in emotion recognition from the animations. The final studies described here are concerned with emotion recognition in autism. I administered the social movement-based test of emotion recognition to adults with autism and found a deficit in sadness recognition, which extended to the recognition of sadness from facial expressions. Finally, I investigated the impact on emotion recognition of expertise with sensory cues, returning again to the processing of facial expressions. I employed a more subtle test of emotion processing, a posed smile discrimination task, and found impaired performance in the autism group and also reduced gaze to the eye region. These findings are discussed in view of current models of emotion recognition, with reference to the role of the amygdala and its interactions with specialised cortical regions, and the impact of early social experience on subsequent social perceptual and social cognitive ability.
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VIEIRA, Tiago Figueiredo. « Identifying Kinship Cues from Facial Images ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/13315.

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A investigação da face humana é comum em análise de padrões/ processamento de imagens. Abordagens tradicionais são a identificação e a verificação mas muitas outras estão surgindo, como estimativa de idade, análise de similaridade, atratividade e o reconhecimento de parentesco. Apesar deste último possuir diversas possíveis aplicações, poucos trabalhos foram apresentados até então. Esta tese apresenta um algoritmo apto a discriminar entre irmãos e não irmãos, baseado nas imagens das suas faces. Um grande desafio foi lidar com a falta de um benchmark em análise de parentesco e, por esta razão, uma base de imagens de alta qualidade de pares de irmãos foi coletada. Isto é uma contribuição relevante à comunidade científica e foi particularmente útil para evitar possíveis problemas devido a imagens de baixa qualidade e condições não-controladas de aquisição de bases de dados heterogêneas usadas em outros trabalhos. Baseado nessas imagens, vários classificadores foram construídos usando técnicas baseadas na extração de características e holística para investigar quais variáveis são mais eficientes para distinguir parentes. As características foram primeiramente testadas individualmente e então as informações mais significantes da face foram fornecidas a um algoritmo único. O classificador de irmãos superou a performance de humanos que avaliaram a mesma base de dados. Adicionalmente, a boa capacidade de distinção do algorimo foi testado aplicando-o a uma base de dados de baixa qualidade coletada da Internet. O conhecimento obtido da análise de irmãos levou ao desenvolvimento de um algoritmo similar capaz de distinguir pares pai-filho de indivíduos não relacionados. Os resultados obtidos possuem impactos na recuperação e anotação automática de bases de dados, ciência forense, pesquisa genealógica e na busca de familiares perdidos.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The investigation of human face images is ubiquitous in pattern analysis/ image processing research. Traditional approaches are related to face identification and verification but, several other areas are emerging, like age/ expression estimation, analysis of facial similarity and attractiveness and automatic kinship recognition. Despite the fact that the latter could have applications in fields such as image retrieval and annotation, little work in this area has been presented so far. This thesis presents an algorithm able to discriminate between siblings and unrelated individuals, based on their face images. In this context, a great challenge was to deal with the lack of a benchmark in kinship analysis, and for this reason, a high-quality dataset of images of siblings’ pairs was collected. This is a relevant contribution to the research community and is particularly useful to avoid potential problems due to low quality pictures and uncontrolled imaging conditions of heterogeneous datasets used in previous researches. The database includes frontal, profile, expressionless and smiling faces of siblings pairs. Based on these images, various classifiers were constructed using feature-based and holistic techniques to investigate which data are more effective for discriminating siblings from non-siblings. The features were first tested individually and then the most significant face data were supplied to a unique algorithm. The siblings classifier has been found to outperform human raters on all datasets. Also, the good discrimination capabilities of the algorithm is tested by applying the classifiers to a low quality database of images collected from the Internet in a cross-database experiment. The knowledge acquired from the analysis of siblings fostered a similar algorithm able to discriminating parent-child pairs from unrelated individuals. The results obtained in this thesis have impact in image retrieval and annotation, forensics, genealogical research and finding missing family members.
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Scott, Naomi. « Facial cues to mental health symptoms ». Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/facial-cues-to-mental-health-symptoms(1f1fa702-18f7-435c-ad59-05c59dccaec2).html.

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Thesis Summary This thesis comprises of seven experimental chapters which demonstrate the ability for naïve observers to accurately distinguish between facial stimuli of individuals scoring high on measures of neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression, borderline and schizotypal personality disorders and autistic spectrum disorder. In the case of depression this ability was still apparent even when the stimuli was reduced to show just the eye and brow region. The findings that observers are able to accurately discriminate between this stimuli furthers the vast literature of face research, demonstrating that this simple stimuli can be used to discriminate traits previously only assessed using thin-slice video stimuli. In addition to this within each study observers were asked to make inferences about socially desirable personality traits, assessed using the big five personality traits. A consistent, negative, personality-type was attributed to individuals with high symptoms levels - commonly consisting of high levels of Neuroticism combined with low levels of Agreeableness and Extraversion. This downgrading of desirable personality traits for individuals scoring highly for neuropsychiatric traits has potential social implications for individuals with these disorders. The traits these individuals are seen to be lower in have been shown to be important in the development and maintenance of successful social relationships, thus if individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders are perceived to be lower in these traits there is the potential that they are at a disadvantage during social interactions. The final section of the thesis looks to link these findings to existing theories of neuropsychiatric disorders. Results demonstrate a masculine facial appearance associated with males with symptoms of autism, supporting Baron-Cohen’s (2002) masculinity hypothesis, and findings that individuals with eating disorders and depression are perceived to be more feminine lend support to Badcock and Crespi’s (2008) diametric hypothesis. These studies highlight a perceptual continuum of gender underlying observations of individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders, where autism lies at the masculine end with attributions of positive personality traits and psychotic disorders are at the feminine end with attributions of negative personality traits. These findings can be associated with Todorov, Said, Engell and Oosterhof’s (2008) theory that perceptions of facial stimuli lie on a two dimensional continuum of trustworthiness and dominance (including assumptions of masculinity). This suggests that perceptions of neuropsychiatric disorders may be attributable to an underlying continuum of social desirability, reflecting the findings of a downgrading of personality traits to high scoring individuals. This thesis extends current facial research, demonstrating that a number of common neuropsychiatric disorders can be distinguished from very simple facial stimuli. Not only this, but a distinct pattern of negative personality traits are attributed to individuals with high levels of neuropsychiatric traits. These combined with the perceptions of gender and the stereotypes associated with these perceptions have potential implications for social interaction. That is, if individuals with neuropsychiatric traits are perceived to have personality traits correlated with negative social connotations, others may be less likely to interact with them, reinforcing some of the symptoms of these disorders.
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Stoyanova, Raliza. « Contextual influences on perception of facial cues ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608041.

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Fisher, Claire. « Social perception of facial cues of adiposity ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8334/.

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Previous research suggests that facial characteristics associated with body mass index (BMI) play an important role in health and attractiveness judgments of faces. However, very little work has investigated the factors that predict individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity or how these individual differences are related to social outcomes. In light of the above, the first two empirical chapters of this thesis investigated the relationships between individual differences in preferences for facial cues of adiposity and (1) the BMI of men’s and women’s actual romantic partners and (2) disgust sensitivity. Analyses suggested that people with particularly strong preferences for slim-looking faces were more likely to have partners with low BMI and that men, but not women, who scored higher on pathogen disgust showed stronger aversions to faces displaying cues associated with high BMI. The third chapter investigated how people integrate information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color when judging the health and attractiveness of faces. Analyses showed that preferences for cues of low BMI were particularly strong when assessing faces displaying skin color cues associated with the absence of illness. These results suggest that integrating information from shape cues of adiposity and information from skin color could allow people to distinguish between individuals with low BMI because they are healthy and those with low BMI due to illness. Most research investigating the role of facial cues of adiposity in social perception has focused on the possible role of facial adiposity as a health cue. However, it is also possible that facial cues of adiposity contain other types of information, such as information about a person’s reported sociosexual orientation (openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships). To explore this issue, the fourth empirical chapter of my thesis investigated the relationship between facial correlates of BMI and women’s sociosexual orientation. Although analyses suggested that slimmer women reported greater openness to short-term, uncommitted sexual relationships, the observed relationships were weak and, thus, unlikely to play an important role in social interactions. Together these studies support the claim that responses to facial cues of adiposity are related to romantic partner choice and function to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals.
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Livres sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Che faccia fare. Milano : Feltrinelli, 1998.

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Prima che faccia buio. Venezia : Marsilio, 2005.

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Capitani, Paola, dir. Il controllo terminologico delle risorse elettroniche in rete. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-008-3.

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Dalla tavola rotonda del 27 gennaio è emerso che lo "strumento" Internet è un affilato coltello: da una parte le tecnologie uccidono impietose chi non è pronto ad accoglierle e a difendersene, dall'altra possono rendere più efficace e dinamici l'archivistica, la biblioteconomia, la catalogazione - che rischierebbero la paralisi o la confusione. È stata sottolineata la difficoltà di trovare un punto di incontro tra un'area così tradizionale e oggettivamente piuttosto statica con la mobilità turbinosa e incontrollabile della rete. La rete fa paura perchè in essa è molto facile perdersi e restare con un pugno di mosche. I termini più ripetuti sono stati: controllo terminologico - le parole cambiano senso a seconda del contesto, figuriamoci in uno scenario ipertestuale animato da link, continui riferimenti, aggiornamenti e rivisitazioni! - qualità, autenticità dell'informazione - come riuscire a dare fiducia ad un'informazione che non riusciamo a "guardare in faccia"? - irreperibilità della fonte originaria.
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Vígh, Eva. "Il costume che appare nella faccia" : Fisiognomica e letteratura italiana. Roma : Aracne, 2014.

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Birattari, Massimo. È più facile scrivere bene che scrivere male : Corso di sopravvivenza. Milano : Ponte alle Grazie, 2011.

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Manzini, Gianna. Lettere a Giuseppe Dessí e a Luisa. Sous la direction de Alberto Baldi. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-923-2.

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L’amicizia tra Gianna Manzini e Giuseppe Dessí, ricostruita in questo libro grazie alle ricerche di Alberto Baldi, era nata alla metà degli anni 40, nell’ambito delle collaborazioni alla rivista «Prosa», e sarebbe durata fino al ’74, anno della morte della scrittrice. Agli incontri romani, un tempo frequenti tra i due, si sarebbe sostituito a causa di lontananze forzate un fitto dialogo epistolare, destinato a coinvolgere i rispettivi compagni. Nelle sue lettere, in toni sempre più confidenziali, la Manzini parla a Dessí della malattia e della morte, allude talvolta a complessi rapporti familiari, lamenta la difficoltà di conciliare il lavoro letterario con la vita privata, confidando sempre nella comprensione, vicinanza e discrezione dell’amico, da cui spera aiuto anche per riuscire a capire il non sempre facile carattere di Enrico Falqui. In appendice al carteggio, adeguatamente annotato, viene riproposto un singolare inedito dal titolo I sogni di Dessí che la Manzini aveva realizzato per una trasmissione radiofonica degli anni 60 (l’Almanacco dei sogni). A chiudere il volume una preziosa antologia della critica dispersa, che raccoglie recensioni e saggi apparsi su quotidiani e riviste dedicati ai lavori della scrittrice.
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"Ne la faccia che a Cristo/più si somiglia" : La poesia mariana di Dante. Cosenza - Italy : Luigi Pellegrini editore, 2017.

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Tabacco, Giovanni. La relazione fra i concetti di potere temporale e di potere spirituale nella tradizione cristiana fino al secolo XIV. Sous la direction de Laura Gaffuri. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-995-3.

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«Date a Cesare quel che è di Cesare, a Dio ciò che è di Dio»: a partire dalla non facile interpretazione del celeberrimo passo del vangelo di Matteo (22,21), la monografia di Giovanni Tabacco qui riproposta percorre le tappe che definirono e plasmarono le relazioni tra potere civile e potere religioso in Occidente lungo tutto il millennio medievale. Pubblicato una prima volta nel 1950 dalla Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia dell'Università degli Studi di Torino, lo studio del grande medievista torinese appartiene ai "classici" mai dimenticati della storiografia medievistica italiana. La monografia è preceduta da tre interventi introduttivi (Laura Gaffuri, Giovanni Miccoli, Gian Maria Varanini) dedicati al significato e all'attualità della riflessione di Giovanni Tabacco, e all'importante stagione di studi che, tra primo Novecento e immediato secondo dopoguerra, si interrogò sulle origini delle relazioni stato-chiesa.
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Gensini, Gian Franco, et Augusto Zaninelli, dir. Progetto RIARTE. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-906-1.

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Le malattie cardiovascolari rappresentano un’area clinica in cui maggiormente si avverte la necessità dello sviluppo di risposte assistenziali efficaci e sostenibili, nel cui ambito lo specialista deve svolgere un ruolo determinante, contribuendo a mettere in atto strategie gestionali condivise dalle diverse professionalità sanitarie e sostenute a livello istituzionale. I 200 casi clinici riportati dal progetto RIARTE sono, senza dubbio, una fotografia fedele, reale e pratica della realtà clinica in Italia per quanto attiene alle due categorie osservate: pazienti con rischio cardio e cerebrovascolare superiore al 20% secondo le tabelle del rischio SCORE e pazienti con ipertensione di difficile controllo. In entrambi i casi clinici l’adozione, nelle misure farmacologiche, della terapia a base di calcio-antagonisti diidropiridinici è apparsa efficace, sicura, di facile associazione con altre terapie e caratterizzata da un rapporto costo-efficacia particolarmente favorevole.
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Caproni, Giorgio. Il mondo ha bisogno dei poeti. Sous la direction de Melissa Rota. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-677-0.

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Intrigante e apparentemente facile, l’intervista può a volte essere generatrice di stress. In ogni caso è quello che pensava Caproni, che però era anche convinto che solo nel rapporto con il lettore la poesia potesse trovare il “suo reale valore” e la sua possibilità di esistenza. Per questo, piegandosi con garbo e ritrosia alle domande, accettò negli anni di guidare i suoi interlocutori nel mondo misterioso e inafferrabile dell’arte, là dove si producono idee e emozioni con la sola “musica delle parole”. Per aiutarci ad afferrarla, quella imprendibile musica, in questo libro struggente ed ironico, ci parla delle dimore vitali (Genova, Livorno), delle figure lariche, delle passioni giovanili, delle ferite immedicate (Olga, la guerra), del bisogno di scrivere, tradurre, conoscere, e della proustiana introiezione del passato sulla “carta velina della memoria”. Per oltre centoquaranta volte (tanti sono i pezzi ricostruiti e riuniti adesso per la prima volta grazie al prezioso e accurato lavoro di ricerca di Melissa Rota) le interviste restituiscono – come sottolinea Anna Dolfi nella bella introduzione – al di fuori di ogni retorica e gigantografia, le grain de la voix , le grain de la vie di un intellettuale ‘eretico’, libero nelle scelte e nella determinazione del proprio destino. Sì che una sottile malia ci guida nel seguire su queste pagine troppo a lungo dimenticate i segni di una vocazione, e il ‘tremore’ che, stroncando una carriera, lasciò gli scatti nervosi del violinista all’inconfondibile piglio dei versi a venire.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Chen, Jingying, et Bernard Tiddeman. « Multi-cue Facial Feature Detection and Tracking ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 356–67. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69905-7_41.

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Su, Congyong, Hong Zhou et Li Huang. « Multiple Facial Feature Tracking Using Multi-cue Based Prediction Model ». Dans Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 214–26. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30074-8_21.

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Klien, Michael, et Maria Salvetti. « CEE ». Dans Facing the Challenges of Water Governance, 259–89. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98515-2_10.

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Anchlia, Sonal. « Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis ». Dans Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1401–34. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_65.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to inculcate a newer, deeper understanding of TMJ Ankylosis– both from the pathological as well as the clinical view point. Newer classifications may now determine surgical procedures. Interpositional materials may not be just soft tissues interposed between the cut ends, but also hard tissues forming the new Ramus Condyle Unit (RCU). Facial deformity may be recognized to be as important as inability to open the mouth; more so, if accompanied by Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Multi-staged treatment plans of release first followed by asymmetry correction may be replaced by single staged joint replacement & total facial aesthetic as well as functional rehabilitation. Finally, the importance of unfavorable events in TMJ Ankylosis surgery may be recognized, which would lead to better results in terms of treatment goals, i.e. to restore joint function, improve facial appearance & airway issues, correct malocclusion & re-establish harmony between the TMJ, the face and the teeth.
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Mani, Varghese. « Orthognathic Surgery for Mandible ». Dans Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1477–512. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_68.

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AbstractMandible, a horseshoe shaped bone of the facial skeleton, is one of the sturdy bones in humans. Prominent chin is a unique feature of anatomically modern man in comparison with his anthropological ancestors. The simian shelf has reduced to two genial tubercles to which two muscles are attached. The neck of the condyle has narrowed and acts as a buffer to budge by fracture if there is a severe force on the prominent chin. These evolutionary changes facilitated increased space for the tongue as men started articulation. It articulates with the temporal bone by two inter-dependent Temporo-mandibular joints. Mandible is important in both function and aesthetics.Mandible can be cut into multiple pieces and re-arranged and fixed to achieve aesthetic and functional changes. Facial bones have a tremendous capacity to regenerate and heal provided proper blood supply is ensured to the cut segments. Ostoetomies of the mandible can be done on ramus, body, chin, dento-alveolar region, inferior border, etc. Most of these procedures are done intraorally. Technological advancements have aided orthognathic surgery at large. This chapter envisages to elaborate different techniques of osteotomy of mandible.
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Fang, Xianming. « Chapter 4. Multimodality in refusals in English as a lingua franca ». Dans Multimodal Im/politeness, 101–29. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.333.04fan.

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This study investigates how multimodal cues are used for rapport management in refusals in the context of English as a lingua franca (ELF). Ten Chinese and ten Indonesian speakers were put in pairs and conducted role-plays in relation to requests and refusals. After the role-plays, they had immediate interviews to reflect on their own and their partners’ performance. The results suggest that body positions (standing/sitting), smiling voices and smiling facial expressions, and the long gaze aversion are used by ELF refusers to maintain rapport: controlling power relationships, mitigating the force of refusals, and conveying a non-engagement stance. The results show that mitigation in the ELF context is a multimodal achievement which can be intentionally realized through various multimodal cues.
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Ulz, Thomas, Jakob Ludwiger et Gerald Steinbauer. « A Robust and Flexible System Architecture for Facing the RoboCup Logistics League Challenge ». Dans RoboCup 2018 : Robot World Cup XXII, 488–99. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27544-0_40.

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Andrée, Alexander. « Caue ne facias uim in tempore ! Peter Comestor and the Truth of History ». Dans Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 515–50. Turnhout : Brepols Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.5.112016.

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Gualco, Carlo, Marco Grattarola, Alberto Federici, Francesco Mataloni, Karol Iždinský, F. Simančik, Bernhard Schwarz, C. García-Rosales et I. López-Galilea. « Brazing Technology for Plasma Facing Components in Nuclear Fusion Applications Using Low and Graded CTE Interlayers ». Dans Advanced Materials Research, 192–97. Stafa : Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908454-01-8.192.

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Tóth, Judit, Éva Szirmai, Norbert Merkovity et Tamás Pongó. « Promising or Compelling Future in Hungary ? » Dans Young Adults and Active Citizenship, 121–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65002-5_7.

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AbstractAdult education, employment and integration strategies have been characterised by somewhat fragmented and uncoordinated implementation practices in the context of CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) region. Some relevant data (OECD, EUROSTAT) on socio-economic factors may provide partial explanation for this. Additionally, this could be explained through considering some examples of Roma and young people with disabilities, in terms of how they can access adult education. Specifically, these examples demonstrate how the national and European reform goals, capacity building projects and financial supports remain isolated and incomplete. In this chapter, we outline how these factors undermine the opportunities for independent and democratic thinking and participatory citizenship. Low skilled and low educated young Roma from underprivileged family backgrounds (e.g. long-term family unemployment), living in poor rural areas, and youngsters with disabilities living in difficult environments are facing similar barriers to becoming active, responsible and educated European citizens. This chapter brings attention to the significance of the development and implementation of appropriate prevention strategies as well as regular evaluation and monitoring of relevant programs. Some cross-cutting characteristics and implications will be identified and considered, and future directions of adult education will be discussed, including its needs, demand and supply in the context of this region.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Guan, Yepeng. « Robust Eye Detection from Facial Image based on Multi-cue Facial Information ». Dans 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2007.4376666.

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Ali, Tauseef, et Intaek Kim. « An improved eye localization algorithm using multi-cue facial information ». Dans 2009 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication (IC$). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic4.2009.4909266.

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Li, Songjiang, Wen Cui, Jinshi Cui, Li Wang, Ming Li et Hongbin Zha. « Improving Children's Gaze Prediction via Separate Facial Areas and Attention Shift Cue ». Dans 2017 12th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2017). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fg.2017.92.

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Rupasinghe, A. T., N. L. Gunawardena, S. Shujan et D. A. S. Atukorale. « Scaling personality traits of interviewees in an online job interview by vocal spectrum and facial cue analysis ». Dans 2016 Sixteenth International Conference on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions (ICTer). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icter.2016.7829933.

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Lang, Christian, Sven Wachsmuth, Heiko Wersing et Marc Hanheide. « Facial expressions as feedback cue in human-robot interaction—a comparison between human and automatic recognition performances ». Dans 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5543264.

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Yap, Moi Hoon, Bashar Rajoub, Hassan Ugail et Reyer Zwiggelaar. « Visual cues of facial behaviour in deception detection ». Dans 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics (ICCAIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccaie.2011.6162148.

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Suzuki, K., Y. Takeuchi et J. Heo. « THE EFFECT OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT ON FACIAL EXPRESSION PERCEPTION IN VIDEO TELECONFERENCING ». Dans CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.op51.

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In this study, we investigated whether manipulating the lighting environment in videoconferencing changes the readability of facial expressions. In the experiment, the participants were asked to evaluate their impressions of a video that simulated the situation in a videoconference. A total of 12 lighting conditions were used, including three colour temperature conditions and four lighting directions conditions. As a result of the factor analysis, four factors were identified: "Clarity," "Dynamism," "Naturalness," and "Healthiness." The results of ANOVA showed that placing the lighting in front was effective for all factors. And in all of the factors, it showed that lighting from the front was effective for the participants. In addition, while lower colour temperature decreased clarity, it improved naturalness and healthiness and was particularly effective when the lighting was placed in front of the subject.
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Li, Tianyu, et Biao Yang. « NEW EMPIRICAL DATA FOR PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING EFFECT ON RECOGNITION ABILITY ON REAL 3D FACIAL EXPRESSION ». Dans CIE 2018. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x45.2018.op18.

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Thomas, Chinchu, et Dinesh Babu Jayagopi. « Predicting student engagement in classrooms using facial behavioral cues ». Dans ICMI '17 : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3139513.3139514.

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Williamson, James R., Elizabeth Godoy, Miriam Cha, Adrianne Schwarzentruber, Pooya Khorrami, Youngjune Gwon, Hsiang-Tsung Kung, Charlie Dagli et Thomas F. Quatieri. « Detecting Depression using Vocal, Facial and Semantic Communication Cues ». Dans MM '16 : ACM Multimedia Conference. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2988257.2988263.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Facial cue"

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Qiao, Baoyun, Xiaoqin Fan, Hanif Rahemtulla, Hans van Rijn et Lina Li. Critical Issues for Fiscal Reform in the People’s Republic of China Part 1 : Revenue and Expenditure Management. Asian Development Bank, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220575-2.

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This paper examines revenue and expenditure management in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and recommends ways to cut risk and strengthen the resilience of the fiscal system. The paper outlines the PRC’s fiscal reforms and the impact of COVID-19. It notes the financing gap facing subnational governments that play a key role in providing public investment in infrastructure. The authors discuss the PRC’s need to adjust its focus on economic growth to tackle its fiscal imbalance, improve the sustainability of local government finances, and address inequality and environmental degradation. This paper is the first of two on key aspects of fiscal reform in the PRC.
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Henkin, Samuel. Dynamic Dimensions of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Sabah, Malaysia. RESOLVE Network, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.25.sea.

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Malaysia offers a unique lens to evaluate the changing dynamics of radicalization and extremism in Southeast Asia, as the threat of both home-grown and external extremism grows. The country’s geographic location, bordering multiple active centers of violent extremism (the southern Philippines, southern Thailand, and Indonesia), makes it particularly vulnerable to further threats from violent extremism and terrorism, as regional and local violent extremist organizations (VEOs) exploit Malaysian geohistorical contexts and growing grievances related to social and political instability. Threats and risks of violent extremism are especially pronounced and manifest with severe consequences in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This policy note advances a granular review of the dynamics underlying radicalization risk in Sabah, Malaysia, in order to extrapolate an analysis of emerging areas of threat and risk of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia. It offers an opportunity to better understand current and future threats and risks of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia and identifies important trends and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in mitigating the spread of violent extremism and radicalization to violence in Sabah. The policy note also considers how building local preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) capacity can mitigate Malaysia’s role as a staging area, transit hub, and conduit for the transportation of weapons, operatives, finances, and supporters to other regional and global terrorist organizations.
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Zuccarelli, N., C. M. Lesher, M. G. Houlé et S. J. Barnes. Variations in the textural facies of sulphide minerals in the Eagle's Nest Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit, McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, Superior Province, Ontario : insights from microbeam scanning energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/326895.

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Kuster, K., C. M. Lesher et M. G. Houlé. Geology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area, Wawa-Abitibi terrane : implications for Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization, Ontario and Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329394.

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The Shebandowan Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposit occurs in the Shebandowan greenstone belt in the Wawa-Abitibi terrane. This deposit is one of a few economic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits in the Superior Province and one of a very few deposits worldwide that contains both Ni-Cu-(PGE) and Cr-(PGE) mineralization. The mafic-ultramafic successions in the area comprise abundant flows and sills of tholeiitic basalt and lesser Al-undepleted komatiite (MgO >18 wt%, Al2O3/TiO2 = 15-25), the latter indicating separation from mantle sources at shallow levels. Siliceous high-Mg basalts (MgO 8-12 wt%, SiO2 > 53 wt%, TiO2 < 1.2 wt%, La/Sm[MN] < 1-2) are relatively abundant in the area and likely represent crustally contaminated komatiites. Ultramafic bodies in the Shebandowan mine area comprise at least three or four komatiitic sills (A-B, C, D) and at least two komatiitic flows (E, F), all of which are altered to serpentinites or talc-carbonate schists with relict igneous chromite and rare relict igneous orthopyroxene-clinopyroxene. Unit A-B contains pentlandite-pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-magnetite mineralization, occurring as massive sulfides, sulfide breccias, or stringers, and subeconomic chromite mineralization in contorted massive bands varying from a few millimetres up to 10 metres thick. The localization of massive and semi-massive Ni-Cu-(PGE) ores along the margins of Unit A and the paucity of disseminated and net-textured ores suggest tectonic mobilization. Chromite is typically zoned with Cr-Mg-Al-rich (chromite) cores and Fe-rich (ferrichromite/magnetite) rims due to alteration and/or metamorphism, but rarely contains amoeboid magnetite cores. The thickness of chromite in Unit B is too great to have crystallized in cotectic proportion from the komatiitic magma and a model involving dynamic upgrading of magnetite xenoliths derived from interflow oxide facies iron formations is being tested.
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Savosko, V., I. Komarova, Yu Lykholat, E. Yevtushenko et T. Lykholat. Predictive model of heavy metals inputs to soil at Kryvyi Rih District and its use in the training for specialists in the field of Biology. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4511.

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The importance of our research is due to the need to introduce into modern biological education methods of predictive modeling which are based on relevant factual material. Such an actual material may be the entry of natural and anthropic heavy metals into the soil at industrial areas. The object of this work: (i) to work out a predictive model of the total heavy metals inputs to soil at the Kryvyi Rih ore-mining & metallurgical District and (ii) to identify ways to use this model in biological education. Our study areas are located in the Kryvyi Rih District (Dnipropetrovsk region, Central Ukraine). In this work, classical scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and formalization, abstraction and concretization, classification and modelling) were used. By summary the own research results and available scientific publications, the heavy metals total inputs to soils at Kryvyi Rih District was predicted. It is suggested that the current heavy metals content in soils of this region due to 1) natural and 2) anthropogenic flows, which are segmented into global and local levels. Predictive calculations show that heavy metals inputs to the soil of this region have the following values (mg ⋅ m2/year): Fe – 800-80 000, Mn – 125-520, Zn – 75-360, Ni – 20-30, Cu – 15-50, Pb – 7.5-120, Cd – 0.30-0.70. It is established that anthropogenic flows predominate in Fe and Pb inputs (60-99 %), natural flows predominate in Ni and Cd inputs (55-95 %). While, for Mn, Zn, and Cu inputs the alternate dominance of natural and anthropogenic flows are characterized. It is shown that the predictive model development for heavy metals inputs to soils of the industrial region can be used for efficient biological education (for example in bachelors of biologists training, discipline "Computer modelling in biology").
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Ірина Олександрівна Комарова, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Едуард Олексійович Євтушенко, et Тетяна Юріївна Лихолат. Predictive Model of Heavy Metals Inputs to Soil at Kryvyi Rih District and its Use in the Training for Specialists in the Field of Biology. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4266.

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The importance of our research is due to the need to introduce into modern biological education methods of predictive modeling which are based on relevant factual material. Such an actual material may be the entry of natural and anthropic heavy metals into the soil at industrial areas. The object of this work: (i) to work out a predictive model of the total heavy metals inputs to soil at the Kryvyi Rih ore-mining & metallurgical District and (ii) to identify ways to use this model in biological education. Our study areas are located in the Kryvyi Rih District (Dnipropetrovsk region, Central Ukraine). In this work, classical scientific methods (such as analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy and formalization, abstraction and concretization, classification and modelling) were used. By summary the own research results and available scientific publications, the heavy metals total inputs to soils at Kryvyi Rih District was predicted. It is suggested that the current heavy metals content in soils of this region due to 1) natural and 2) anthropogenic flows, which are segmented into global and local levels. Predictive calculations show that heavy metals inputs to the soil of this region have the following values ( mg ∙ m ଶ year ⁄ ): Fe – 800-80 000, Mn – 125-520, Zn – 75-360, Ni – 20-30, Cu – 15-50, Pb – 7.5-120, Cd – 0.30-0.70. It is established that anthropogenic flows predominate in Fe and Pb inputs (60-99 %), natural flows predominate in Ni and Cd inputs (55-95 %). While, for Mn, Zn, and Cu inputs the alternate dominance of natural and anthropogenic flows are characterized. It is shown that the predictive model development for heavy metals inputs to soils of the industrial region can be used for efficient biological education (for example in bachelors of biologists training, discipline “Computer modelling in biology”).
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Corriveau, L., J. F. Montreuil, O. Blein, E. Potter, M. Ansari, J. Craven, R. Enkin et al. Metasomatic iron and alkali calcic (MIAC) system frameworks : a TGI-6 task force to help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329093.

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Australia's and China's resources (e.g. Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag and Bayan Obo REE deposits) highlight how discovery and mining of iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG), iron oxide±apatite (IOA) and affiliated primary critical metal deposits in metasomatic iron and alkali-calcic (MIAC) mineral systems can secure a long-term supply of critical metals for Canada and its partners. In Canada, MIAC systems comprise a wide range of undeveloped primary critical metal deposits (e.g. NWT NICO Au-Co-Bi-Cu and Québec HREE-rich Josette deposits). Underexplored settings are parts of metallogenic belts that extend into Australia and the USA. Some settings, such as the Camsell River district explored by the Dene First Nations in the NWT, have infrastructures and 100s of km of historic drill cores. Yet vocabularies for mapping MIAC systems are scanty. Ability to identify metasomatic vectors to ore is fledging. Deposit models based on host rock types, structural controls or metal associations underpin the identification of MIAC-affinities, assessment of systems' full mineral potential and development of robust mineral exploration strategies. This workshop presentation reviews public geoscience research and tools developed by the Targeted Geoscience Initiative to establish the MIAC frameworks of prospective Canadian settings and global mining districts and help de-risk exploration for IOCG, IOA and affiliated primary critical metal deposits. The knowledge also supports fundamental research, environmental baseline assessment and societal decisions. It fulfills objectives of the Canadian Mineral and Metal Plan and the Critical Mineral Mapping Initiative among others. The GSC-led MIAC research team comprises members of the academic, private and public sectors from Canada, Australia, Europe, USA, China and Dene First Nations. The team's novel alteration mapping protocols, geological, mineralogical, geochemical and geophysical framework tools, and holistic mineral systems and petrophysics models mitigate and solve some of the exploration and geosciences challenges posed by the intricacies of MIAC systems. The group pioneers the use of discriminant alteration diagrams and barcodes, the assembly of a vocab for mapping and core logging, and the provision of field short courses, atlas, photo collections and system-scale field, geochemical, rock physical properties and geophysical datasets are in progress to synthesize shared signatures of Canadian settings and global MIAC mining districts. Research on a metamorphosed MIAC system and metamorphic phase equilibria modelling of alteration facies will provide a foundation for framework mapping and exploration of high-grade metamorphic terranes where surface and near surface resources are still to be discovered and mined as are those of non-metamorphosed MIAC systems.
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Rousseau, Henri-Paul. Gutenberg, L’université et le défi numérique. CIRANO, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/wodt6646.

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Introduction u cours des deux derniers millénaires, il y a eu plusieurs façons de conserver, transmettre et même créer la connaissance ; la tradition orale, l’écrit manuscrit, l’écrit imprimé et l’écrit numérisé. La tradition orale et le manuscrit ont dominé pendant plus de 1400 ans, et ce, jusqu’à l’apparition du livre imprimé en 1451, résultant de l’invention mécanique de Gutenberg. Il faudra attendre un peu plus de 550 ans, avant que l’invention du support électronique déloge à son tour le livre imprimé, prenant une ampleur sans précédent grâce à la révolution numérique contemporaine, résultat du maillage des technologies de l’informatique, de la robotique et de la science des données. Les premières universités qui sont nées en Occident, au Moyen Âge, ont développé cette tradition orale de la connaissance tout en multipliant l’usage du manuscrit créant ainsi de véritables communautés de maîtres et d’étudiants ; la venue de l’imprimerie permettra la multiplication des universités où l’oral et l’écrit continueront de jouer un rôle déterminant dans la création et la transmission des connaissances même si le « support » a évolué du manuscrit à l’imprimé puis vers le numérique. Au cours de toutes ces années, le modèle de l’université s’est raffiné et perfectionné sur une trajectoire somme toute assez linéaire en élargissant son rôle dans l’éducation à celui-ci de la recherche et de l’innovation, en multipliant les disciplines offertes et les clientèles desservies. L’université de chaque ville universitaire est devenue une institution florissante et indispensable à son rayonnement international, à un point tel que l’on mesure souvent sa contribution par la taille de sa clientèle étudiante, l’empreinte de ses campus, la grandeur de ses bibliothèques spécialisées ; c’est toutefois la renommée de ses chercheurs qui consacre la réputation de chaque université au cours de cette longue trajectoire pendant laquelle a pu s’établir la liberté universitaire. « Les libertés universitaires empruntèrent beaucoup aux libertés ecclésiastiques » : Étudiants et maîtres, qu'ils furent, ou non, hommes d'Église, furent assimilés à des clercs relevant de la seule justice ecclésiastique, réputée plus équitable. Mais ils échappèrent aussi largement à la justice ecclésiastique locale, n'étant justiciables que devant leur propre institution les professeurs et le recteur, chef élu de l’université - ou devant le pape ou ses délégués. Les libertés académiques marquèrent donc l’émergence d'un droit propre, qui ménageait aux maîtres et aux étudiants une place à part dans la société. Ce droit était le même, à travers l'Occident, pour tous ceux qui appartenaient à ces institutions supranationales que furent, par essence, les premières universités. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'affirmation des États nationaux obligea les libertés académiques à s'inscrire dans ce nouveau cadre politique, comme de simples pratiques dérogatoires au droit commun et toujours sujettes à révision. Vestige vénérable de l’antique indépendance et privilège octroyé par le prince, elles eurent donc désormais un statut ambigu » . La révolution numérique viendra fragiliser ce statut. En effet, la révolution numérique vient bouleverser cette longue trajectoire linéaire de l’université en lui enlevant son quasi monopole dans la conservation et le partage du savoir parce qu’elle rend plus facile et somme toute, moins coûteux l’accès à l’information, au savoir et aux données. Le numérique est révolutionnaire comme l’était l’imprimé et son influence sur l’université, sera tout aussi considérable, car cette révolution impacte radicalement tous les secteurs de l’économie en accélérant la robotisation et la numérisation des processus de création, de fabrication et de distribution des biens et des services. Ces innovations utilisent la radio-identification (RFID) qui permet de mémoriser et de récupérer à distance des données sur les objets et l’Internet des objets qui permet aux objets d’être reliés automatiquement à des réseaux de communications .Ces innovations s’entrecroisent aux technologies de la réalité virtuelle, à celles des algorithmiques intelligentes et de l’intelligence artificielle et viennent littéralement inonder de données les institutions et les organisations qui doivent alors les analyser, les gérer et les protéger. Le monde numérique est né et avec lui, a surgi toute une série de compétences radicalement nouvelles que les étudiants, les enseignants et les chercheurs de nos universités doivent rapidement maîtriser pour évoluer dans ce Nouveau Monde, y travailler et contribuer à la rendre plus humain et plus équitable. En effet, tous les secteurs de l’activité commerciale, économique, culturelle ou sociale exigent déjà clairement des connaissances et des compétences numériques et technologiques de tous les participants au marché du travail. Dans cette nouvelle logique industrielle du monde numérique, les gagnants sont déjà bien identifiés. Ce sont les fameux GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon et Microsoft) suivis de près par les NATU (Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla et Uber) et par les géants chinois du numérique, les BATX (Baidu, Alibaba, Tenant et Xiaomi). Ces géants sont alimentés par les recherches, les innovations et les applications mobiles (APPs) créées par les partenaires de leurs écosystèmes regroupant, sur différents campus d’entreprises, plusieurs des cerveaux qui sont au cœur de cette révolution numérique. L’université voit donc remise en question sa capacité traditionnelle d’attirer, de retenir et de promouvoir les artisans du monde de demain. Son aptitude à former des esprits critiques et à contribuer à la transmission des valeurs universelles est également ébranlée par ce tsunami de changements. Il faut cependant reconnaître que les facultés de médecine, d’ingénierie et de sciences naturelles aux États-Unis qui ont développé des contacts étroits, abondants et suivis avec les hôpitaux, les grandes entreprises et l’administration publique et cela dès la fin du 19e siècle ont été plus en mesure que bien d’autres, de recruter et retenir les gens de talent. Elle ont énormément contribué à faire avancer les connaissances scientifiques et la scolarisation en sciences appliquées ..La concentration inouïe des Prix Nobel scientifiques aux États-Unis est à cet égard très convaincante . La révolution numérique contemporaine survient également au moment même où de grands bouleversements frappent la planète : l’urgence climatique, le vieillissement des populations, la « déglobalisation », les déplacements des populations, les guerres, les pandémies, la crise des inégalités, de l’éthique et des démocraties. Ces bouleversements interpellent les universitaires et c’est pourquoi leur communauté doit adopter une raison d’être et ainsi renouveler leur mission afin des mieux répondre à ces enjeux de la civilisation. Cette communauté doit non seulement se doter d’une vision et des modes de fonctionnement adaptés aux nouvelles réalités liées aux technologies numériques, mais elle doit aussi tenir compte de ces grands bouleversements. Tout ceci l’oblige à s’intégrer à des écosystèmes où les connaissances sont partagées et où de nouvelles compétences doivent être rapidement acquises. Le but de ce texte est de mieux cerner l’ampleur du défi que pose le monde numérique au milieu universitaire et de proposer quelques idées pouvant alimenter la réflexion des universitaires dans cette démarche d’adaptation au monde numérique. Or, ma conviction la plus profonde c’est que la révolution numérique aura des impacts sur nos sociétés et notre civilisation aussi grands que ceux provoqués par la découverte de l’imprimerie et son industrialisation au 15e siècle. C’est pourquoi la première section de ce document est consacrée à un rappel historique de la révolution de l’imprimerie par Gutenberg alors que la deuxième section illustrera comment les caractéristiques de la révolution numérique viennent soutenir cette conviction si profonde. Une troisième section fournira plus de détails sur le défi d’adaptation que le monde numérique pose aux universités alors que la quatrième section évoquera les contours du changement de paradigme que cette adaptation va imposer. La cinquième section servira à illustrer un scénario de rêves qui permettra de mieux illustrer l’ampleur de la gestion du changement qui guette les universitaires. La conclusion permettra de revenir sur quelques concepts et principes clefs pour guider la démarche vers l’action. L’université ne peut plus « être en haut et seule », elle doit être « au centre et avec » des écosystèmes de partenariats multiples, dans un modèle hybride physique/virtuel. C’est ainsi qu’elle pourra conserver son leadership historique de vigie du savoir et des connaissances d’un monde complexe, continuer d’établir l’authenticité des faits et imposer la nécessaire rigueur de la science et de l’objectivité.
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Norelli, John L., Moshe Flaishman, Herb Aldwinckle et David Gidoni. Regulated expression of site-specific DNA recombination for precision genetic engineering of apple. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587214.bard.

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Objectives: The original objectives of this project were to: 1) evaluate inducible promoters for the expression of recombinase in apple (USDA-ARS); 2) develop alternative selectable markers for use in apple to facilitate the positive selection of gene excision by recombinase (Cornell University); 3) compare the activity of three different recombinase systems (Cre/lox, FLP/FRT, and R/RS)in apple using a rapid transient assay (ARO); and 4) evaluate the use of recombinase systems in apple using the best promoters, selectable markers and recombinase systems identified in 1, 2 and 3 above (Collaboratively). Objective 2 was revised from the development alternative selectable markers, to the development of a marker-free selection system for apple. This change in approach was taken due to the inefficiency of the alternative markers initially evaluated in apple, phosphomannose-isomerase and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, and the regulatory advantages of a marker-free system. Objective 3 was revised to focus primarily on the FLP/FRT recombinase system, due to the initial success obtained with this recombinase system. Based upon cooperation between researchers (see Achievements below), research to evaluate the use of the FLP recombinase system under light-inducible expression in apple was then conducted at the ARO (Objective 4). Background: Genomic research and genetic engineering have tremendous potential to enhance crop performance, improve food quality and increase farm profits. However, implementing the knowledge of genomics through genetically engineered fruit crops has many hurdles to be overcome before it can become a reality in the orchard. Among the most important hurdles are consumer concerns regarding the safety of transgenics and the impact this may have on marketing. The goal of this project was to develop plant transformation technologies to mitigate these concerns. Major achievements: Our results indicate activity of the FLP\FRTsite-specific recombination system for the first time in apple, and additionally, we show light- inducible activation of the recombinase in trees. Initial selection of apple transformation events is conducted under dark conditions, and tissue cultures are then moved to light conditions to promote marker excision and plant development. As trees are perennial and - cross-fertilization is not practical, the light-induced FLP-mediated recombination approach shown here provides an alternative to previously reported chemically induced recombinase approaches. In addition, a method was developed to transform apple without the use of herbicide or antibiotic resistance marker genes (marker free). Both light and chemically inducible promoters were developed to allow controlled gene expression in fruit crops. Implications: The research supported by this grant has demonstrated the feasibility of "marker excision" and "marker free" transformation technologies in apple. The use of these safer technologies for the genetic enhancement of apple varieties and rootstocks for various traits will serve to mitigate many of the consumer and environmental concerns facing the commercialization of these improved varieties.
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Facial Cues : Can We Judge Who Looks Like a Leader ? IEDP Ideas for Leaders, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13007/479.

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