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1
Berliner, David C. « The Many Facets of PISA ». Teachers College Record : The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no 1 (janvier 2015) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700117.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Trying to understand PISA is analogous to the parable of the blind men and the elephant. There are many facets of the PISA program, and thus many ways to both applaud and critique this ambitious international program of assessment that has gained enormous importance in the crafting of contemporary educational policy. One of the facets discussed in this paper is the issue of the comparability of the cognitions elicited by items across national and linguistic cultures. Valid interpretations of PISA results cannot proceed without assurance that items across nations are interpreted in the same way. A second facet examined is the association of PISA with economic outcomes for nations, still an unsettled area of importance. A third facet discussed is the search in PISA data for universally applicable instructional techniques, a possible will-o-the-wisp. A fourth facet examined is the differences in cross-national attitudes toward the PISA subjects and how those affect test scores. Given these many facets of the program, a fifth facet that is arguably the most important of all the issues associated with PISA is discussed, namely the interpretation of PISA scores.
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Berliner, David C. « The Many Facets of PISA ». Teachers College Record : The Voice of Scholarship in Education 117, no 1 (janvier 2015) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811511700113.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Trying to understand PISA is analogous to the parable of the blind men and the elephant. There are many facets of the PISA program, and thus many ways to both applaud and critique this ambitious international program of assessment that has gained enormous importance in the crafting of contemporary educational policy. One of the facets discussed in this paper is the issue of the comparability of the cognitions elicited by items across national and linguistic cultures. Valid interpretations of PISA results cannot proceed without assurance that items across nations are interpreted in the same way. A second facet examined is the association of PISA with economic outcomes for nations, still an unsettled area of importance. A third facet discussed is the search in PISA data for universally applicable instructional techniques, a possible will-o-the-wisp. A fourth facet examined is the differences in cross-national attitudes toward the PISA subjects and how those affect test scores. Given these many facets of the program, a fifth facet that is arguably the most important of all the issues associated with PISA is discussed, namely the interpretation of PISA scores.
3
Cardoso Junior, Moacyr Machado. « Occupational Risks : Perceptual Map Construction using psychometric paradigm and multivariate methods ». Independent Journal of Management & ; Production 9, no 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v9i3.712.
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Risk management focus main on technical and rational analysis about operational risks and by those imposed by occupational environment. In this work one looks to contribute to perception study of work safety professionals about a series of activities and environment agents. In this way it was used theory sustained by psychometric paradigm and multivariate analysis tools, mainly multidimensional scaling, generalized Procrustes analysis and facet theory, in order to construct the perceptual map of occupational risks. The results obtained showed that the essential characteristics of risks, which were initially split in 4 facets were detected and maintained in perceptual map. The construction of perceptual map also permitted to verify the formation of a new facet, not considered in the beginning. The facet theory which by hypothesis was used in this work showed adequate, providing the regional interpretation of the map. The inferential analysis realized showed fine results for the final configuration validation, indicating which risks and/or activities belongs to the same facet.
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Onopchenko, Iryna. « PSYCHOLOGICAL VALIDATION AND CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE “THE WORKAHOLISM FACET-BASED SCALE” (WFBS) ». Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University : Psychology Series 1, no 9 (29 août 2019) : 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2019-9-92-96.
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Shapira, Zur, et Eli Zevulun. « Performance Ratings in Organizations : A Facet Analysis Interpretation of the Multitrait-Multirater Approach ». Multivariate Behavioral Research 24, no 2 (avril 1989) : 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2402_5.
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Vassilopoulos, Stephanos P., et Robin Banerjee. « Social Interaction Anxiety and the Discounting of Positive Interpersonal Events ». Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, no 5 (21 juillet 2010) : 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465810000433.
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Background: Recent research has indicated that individuals with social interaction anxiety make biased interpretations of positive social interactions, with greater general apprehension in response to such events and more negative predictions about the future. There has also been some preliminary evidence for a second facet of interpretation bias, namely a failure to accept others’ positive reactions at face value, but this has so far not been adequately studied. Method: The present study developed a new measure of this “discounting” dimension and utilized a nonclinical sample of undergraduate students to provide an initial analysis of the scale. Results: Results provide early support for the psychometric properties of our scale, and indicate that discounting mediates the relationship between social interaction anxiety and low positive affect, over and above the previously studied aspect of positive event interpretation bias. Conclusions: The implications for treatment interventions and further research are discussed.
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Vekilov, Peter G., Lisa A. Monaco et Franz Rosenberger. « Facet morphology response to nonuniformities in nutrient and impurity supply. I. Experiments and interpretation ». Journal of Crystal Growth 156, no 3 (novembre 1995) : 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(95)00240-5.
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Schmitz-Hübsch, Alina, et Ron Becker. « A unified valence scale based on diagnosis of facial expressions ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no 1 (septembre 2022) : 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661500.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Affect-adaptive systems detect the emotional user state, assess it against the current situation, and adjust interaction accordingly. Tools for real-time emotional state detection, like the Emotient FACET engine (Littlewort et al., 2011), are based on the analysis of facial expressions. When developing affect-adaptive systems, output from the diagnostic engine must be mapped onto theoretical models of emotion. The Circumplex Model of Affect (Russell, 1980) describes emotion on two dimensions: valence and arousal. However, FACET offers three classifiers for valence: positive, neutral, and negative valence. The present study aimed at developing an algorithm that converts these into a unified valence scale. We used FACET to analyze valence-labeled images from the AffectNet database. In a multiple regression analysis, FACET classifier values predicted database valence and explained 38% of the variance. By inserting classifier values into the regression equation, a unified valence scale can be calculated that matches dimensional models of emotion. This research forms the groundwork for adaptation of the emotional user state based on the FACET engine. A future affect-adaptive system can now use the FACET engine to detect the emotional user state on a unified valence dimension, which allows for distinct classification and interpretation of emotions.
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Bar Nes, Alice. « The Psychoanalytic Mystic and the Interpretive Word ». Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 70, no 5 (octobre 2022) : 903–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00030651221124803.
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Explicit and implicit psychoanalytic assumptions concerning the analytic cure include the old “insight/interpretation” versus “relation/experience” duality. A synthesis of these two stances, grounded in recognition of the long denied yet central mystical facet of psychoanalysis and the crucial role of words in the “talking cure” that psychoanalysis still is, recognizes these two aspects of psychoanalysis—mystical communication through psychic overlap and interpretive words—as deeply interdependent. Analytic interpretations emerge from the depths of a mystical experience of psychic unity (as well as separateness) resulting from, but also creating, the patient-therapist caesura. Words shape the contour of this closeness-separateness matrix on which psychoanalysis depends. Moreover, the moment of insight into the psychic reality of the other is shown to often depend on crossing the threshold of the nonverbal toward consciousness and language. Constant movement between verbalization and the nonverbal is illustrated with clinical vignettes stressing the interplay of the mystical and the symbolized, of interpretation and intuition.
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Bindal, Saurabh. « The Quest for Appropriate Jurisdiction : Clash between Indian Patent and Competition Law ». World Competition 35, Issue 4 (1 décembre 2012) : 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2012051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Indian Patent Act, 1970 and the Indian Competition Act, 2002, both provide measures to curb anti-competitive practices.1 The Competition Act, 2002, provides a forum, which is quite dissimilar to that provided by the Indian Patent Act for the redressal of grievances pertaining to anti-competitive practices involved in exploitation of patents. Harmonious interpretation of different legislations is a fundamental tenet of the principle of interpretation of statutes. It has now been fairly established that the Laws dealing with intellectual property deal with establishment of rights whereas the competition law deals with the existence of rights. The leitmotif of this article is not to regurgitate the scholarly writings on the intersection between Intellectual Property Rights and the Competition law. This article aspires to provide a facet of the clash between the Patent Act and the Competition Act in searching the appropriate forum having jurisdiction to address issues pertaining to both the domains. It ends with a picture in which the author has endeavoured to provide possible solutions for untying the Gordian knot. Interpretation of statutes has served as a useful tool for the authors foray into unchartered territories defined under the article. Since, the Indian jurisprudence on the subject at issue has not yet been fully developed, this article, quotes some possible interpretations which might assist in building a legal jurisprudence.
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Bondeli, Julia V., Malena Ingemansson Havenvid et Hans Solli-Sæther. « Placing social capital in business networks : conceptualisation and research agenda ». Journal of Business & ; Industrial Marketing 33, no 8 (1 octobre 2018) : 1100–1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-12-2017-0324.
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Purpose This paper aims to refine conceptual treatment of the social facet in business relationships and reinforce its significance in the industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) research tradition by integrating the concept of social capital in its original interpretation into the actor-resource-activity (ARA) model. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins by indicating some typical conceptual challenges associated with application of social capital in IMP. This is followed by a conceptual clarification that explores the origin and the essence of social capital in economic sociology. Finally, the paper proposes integrating social capital in its original interpretation into IMP’s ARA model and presents four propositions on how social capital is created in interaction between business actors. Findings The paper shows how bridging Bourdieu’s theory of social capital with the IMP approach may solve the identified conceptual challenges. This paper’s main contribution is a cyclical model depicting how social capital is created in business networks. It is integrated into the ARA model and designed specifically for studying the social facet of business relationships. Research limitations/implications The paper is expected to aid IMP researchers in empirical contexts where the social component in business relationships is particularly prominent. As such, the novel approach presented could be used to further understand how social exchange processes are related to relationship governance, relationship initiation and development. Originality/value The proposed model shows how social capital is generated through the dynamic interplay in the social facets of actor, activity and resource dimensions, emphasising its creation dynamics. The model integrates insights from the classic works in economic sociology to strengthen the social side of IMP’s socioeconomic interface and is intended to be used as a tool for empirical application.
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I.V., Nemchenko. « MARINE DIMENSION OF DMYTRO SHUPTA’S STANZAS COLLECTION “AUTUMN FACET” ». South archive (philological sciences), no 86 (29 juin 2021) : 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-86-4.
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Purpose. Many writers from various epochs and countries have been admirers and propagandists of marine literature. The article examines the marine motifs and images of the Ukrainian poet Dmуtro Shupta’s lyrics in the early 21st century. The purpose of the work is to analyze the marine space in his stanzas collection “Autumn facet”.Methods. The elements of the following methods are used in the research: aesthetic (allows analyzing each text as a phenomenon of literature and art), hermeneutic (ensures free and open interpretation of texts with the possibility for new explanations), biographic (helps to describe autobiographic features in the writer’s literary works), intermedial (systematization of various elements of marine, musical and artistic presence in the lyrics of the poet), comparative (provides wide possibilities for the coverage of interdependence between poetry, music and painting micro-images), intertextual (links between writer’s poems and folklore songs and literary tradition), textual analysis (for coverage of the main motifs of stanzas collection). The research is based on the general method of analysis, synthesis, observation, selection and systematization of the material.Results. The effect of a hero’s co-living with the environment depicted by the author, with the marine environment in particular, is characteristic of D. Shupta’s stanzas collection “Autumn facet”. The article finds out that the Ukrainian writer has delicate understanding of music and painting, and can embody it in his own marine texts, combining different artistic elements. He uses auditory, visual and tactile impressions. Marine motifs and images of the literary works of D. Shupta play an important role in the creation of the artistic image of the world by verbal means. Marine space in his interpretation is a symbol of the nature and the world of human passions and life difficulties, their creative sources and ruinous essence. Shupta’s marine works combine real and fairy plans, have characteristics of legends, tales and mysteries. Close relations between the writer’s marine poetry and Ukrainian folklore songs and literary traditions are traced in the article.Conclusions. D. Shupta’s stanzas collection «Autumn facet» is an original artistic work on the crossing of literary, musical and descriptive imagery. The author presents different variants of stanzas, proposes many marine motifs, images, attributes, his own vision of the sea in its power and beauty. The collection confirms that the poet appertains to the best representatives of the national and the world marine literature.Key words: motif, image, metaphor, symbol, poetry, music, painting. Мета. Морська тематика є однією з найулюбленіших у доробку багатьох митців різних часів і країн – шанувальників і пропагандистів літературної мариністики. У статті розглядаються морські мотиви та образи в творчості українського поета Дмитра Шупти початку ХХІ століття. Метою нашої статті є висвітлення особливостей художнього осмислення мариністично-го простору письменником у його збірці стансів «Осіння грань».Методи. У статті використано елементи таких методів: естетичного (забезпечує розгляд творів митця як літературно-мистецького феномену), герменевтичного (пропонується вільна інтерпретація текстів із можливістю подальших витлумачень), біографічного (простежуються риси автобіографізму в поезіях співця), інтермедіального (здійснюється систематизація різноманітних мариністичних, музичних, живописних елементів, наявних у текстах поета), компаративного (висвітлюються взаємозалежності та взаємовпливи між поетичними, музичними, живописними мікрообразами), інтертекстуального (звертається увага на зв’язки між віршами митця та українським фольклором і літературною традицією), текстуального аналізу (застосовується для окреслення провідних мотивів cтансової збірки). Дослідження засноване на загальнонауковій методиці аналізу, синтезу, спостереження, добору та систематизації матеріалу.Результати. Для ліричної збірки Дмитра Шупти «Осіння грань» характерним є ефект органічного вживання героя в зображуване автором середовище й це насамперед мариністичний світ. Цей нерозривний зв’язок український письменник, який тонко розуміє музику і живопис, уміє передавати через переплетіння елементів різних мистецьких стихій. Він майстерно використовує слухові, зорові враження. Морські мотиви та образи виконують важливу функцію у творенні автором художньої картини світу. Мариністичний простір у поета символізує й природну стихію, й амплітуду людських почуттів, і складний вир життя, і творче начало, і руйнівну сутність. У мариністичних замальовках збірки Д. Шупти поєднуються реальний і феєричний плани, дійсність переплітається з легендою, казкою, містичними уявленнями. У статті простежено зв’язки між віршами письменника-мариніста та українським фольклором і літературною традицією. Висновки. Збірка стансів Дмитра Шупти «Осіння грань» є самобутнім мистецьким витвором, що заснований на перехресті літературної, музичної та живописної образності. Варіюючи різні стансові форми, видозмінюючи найрізноманітніші мариністичні мотиви, образи, атрибутику, автор зумів передати своє власне бачення моря у всій його cилі та красі. Збірка потверджує належність митця до найяскравіших представників вітчизняної і світової літературної мариністики. Ключові слова: мотив, образ, метафора, символ, поезія, музика, живопис.
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SPENCER, HAMISH G., et DIANE B. PAUL. « The failure of a scientific critique : David Heron, Karl Pearson and Mendelian eugenics ». British Journal for the History of Science 31, no 4 (décembre 1998) : 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087498003392.
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The bitterness and protracted character of the biometrician–Mendelian debate has long aroused the interest of historians of biology. In this paper, we focus on another and much less discussed facet of the controversy: competing interpretations of the inheritance of mental defect. Today, the views of the early Mendelians, such as Charles B. Davenport and Henry H. Goddard, are universally seen to be mistaken. Some historians assume that the Mendelians' errors were exposed by advances in the science of genetics. Others believe that their mistakes could have been identified by contemporaries. Neither interpretation takes account of the fact that the lapses for which the Mendelian eugenicists are now notorious were, in fact, mostly identified at the time by the biometricians David Heron and Karl Pearson. In this paper we ask why their objections had so little impact. We think the answer illustrates an important general point about the social prerequisites for effective scientific critique.
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Russell, Brian E. « The Development of a Guitar Performance Rating Scale using a Facet-Factorial Approach ». Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, no 184 (1 avril 2010) : 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27861480.
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Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying aural factors of guitar performance by developing a guitar performance rating scale using facet-factorial techniques. The initial phase of the study included gathering items concerning the characteristics of a good or poor guitar performance from guitar performance literature, previously constructed rating scales, and statements from professional guitar players, guitar teachers, and college guitar majors. The item pool of statements was examined for suitability and placed into a priori categories established in previous research. The 99 item statements were paired with a five-point Likert scale and used by 67 volunteer judges to adjudicate 100 recorded samples of a wide range of guitar performance excerpts. The results of the 134 item pool adjudications were factor analyzed using a varimax rotation to identify the underlying factor structure and the items that best supported each factor. The results of the factor analysis yielded a five-factor structure consisting of interpretation, tone, technique, rhythm/tempo, and intonation. These factors accounted for approximately 71% of the total variance. The selection of the 32 items chosen to represent the factors of the Guitar Performance Rating Scale (GPRS) was based on factor loadings. Alpha reliability for the GPRS was estimated at .962 for the 32 item scale.
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Cassella, Antonio. « The Psychological Roots of Creativity in Messages Left by Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgio Vasari, and a Neanderthal Troglodyte ». Journal of Arts and Humanities 5, no 8 (22 août 2016) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v5i8.966.
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<p>The perfect memory that informs our local autistic facet is insufficient to deal with the unforeseen change that challenges our nonlocal artistic facet. The loss of quantum nonlocality leads autistics to fail tests rooted in overcoming the less-than-perfect ambiguity that elicits our creativity. The psychological structure by which perfect memory and less-than-perfect creativity empower each other remains in darkness. This article broaches the hypothesis that Leonardo da Vinci envisioned the union of local perfection and nonlocal less-than-perfection, and that he hid his insight in the Adoration of the Magi. Leonardo’s knowledge - expressed here as the logos heuristic—guides a psychological interpretation of the smile of Mona Lisa; of the four avatars of the Vitruvian Man; of the recognition and location of Leonardo’s unknown painting Natività; of the exact location of his lost work, Battaglia di Anghiari; and of a 39,000-year-old abstract engraving in Gorham’s cave at Gibraltar. Logos can be used to single out local, nonlocal computing, and their alliance in pursuing a humanistic path to progress.</p>
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Fraser, C. G., et R. Singer. « Better laboratory evaluations of instruments and kits are required. » Clinical Chemistry 31, no 5 (1 mai 1985) : 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.5.667.
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Abstract There are many published protocols for evaluating instruments and reagent-kit sets, and a plethora of papers describe the results of evaluations performed. It might be assumed, therefore, that this facet of clinical chemistry has no problems, but examination of evaluations of instruments published in the first half of 1984 shows flaws in some aspects of experimental design and execution, statistical analysis, and interpretation of data. We believe that clinical chemists, manufacturers and suppliers, and journal editors and referees can all contribute to improvement of this situation, and we suggest some guidelines for each of these groups.
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Chen, Chao-Hong, et Ying-ping Chen. « Convergence Time Analysis of Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Particle Interaction ». Advances in Artificial Intelligence 2011 (19 janvier 2011) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/204750.
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We analyze the convergence time of particle swarm optimization (PSO) on the facet of particle interaction. We firstly introduce a statistical interpretation of social-only PSO in order to capture the essence of particle interaction, which is one of the key mechanisms of PSO. We then use the statistical model to obtain theoretical results on the convergence time. Since the theoretical analysis is conducted on the social-only model of PSO, instead of on common models in practice, to verify the validity of our results, numerical experiments are executed on benchmark functions with a regular PSO program.
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Buell, Denise Kimber. « Producing Descent/Dissent : Clement of Alexandria's Use of Filial Metaphors as Intra-Christian Polemic ». Harvard Theological Review 90, no 1 (janvier 1997) : 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000006192.
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In the second century, Christians vied with each other to produce an authoritative discourse on Christian identity. Some early Christians deployed historically- and culturally-specific notions of procreation and kinship in their struggles with each other over claims to represent the truth of Christian biblical interpretation, practices, and doctrine. The extant writings of the late second-century Christian author Clement of Alexandria offer a generous range of contexts for exploring the nuances of this practice. This study comprises one facet of a larger investigation into early Christian use of procreative and kinship imagery in discourses about Christian identity in the second century CE.
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Parry, Glyn. « William Harrison and the Two Churches in Elizabethan Puritan Thinking ». Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36, no 3 (juillet 1985) : 370–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900041154.
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There are currently two approaches to the perennial problem of characterising Elizabethan puritanism. Successive attempts to establish a general taxonomy have failed to describe the historical diversity of puritan thinking. Recently the variable contemporary meanings of the epithet ‘puritan’ have been emphasised.1 Neither approach advances our understanding of reforming ideas within the Elizabethan Church, because the first tries to make individuals conform to type and the second limits the usefulness of the term ‘puritan’ in historical discussion. Both approaches ignore important facets of the intellectual environment of puritanism, particularly the contemporary historical vision. The present study offers an alternative approach to the problem through an analysis of the religious mentality revealed in the writings of William Harrison. It argues that Harrison's works reveal some of the underlying assumptions of puritan thinking. By comparing Harrison's thought with that of some radical and conformist contemporaries, it attempts to show that a distinctive historical interpretation, and the application of that interpretation to contemporary conditions, provide a consistent index to puritanism. Analysis of Harrison's thought suggests that, for radicals, divinely inspired faith and knowledge were transmitted through the past, providing a universally normative truth whose criteria could be used to evaluate contemporary circumstances. This truth, which directed every facet of life, establishing the limits of the individual's interests, of his knowledge and of its application, was centred in Israel. To depart from its criteria was to lapse into Gentilism.
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Bergling, Barbro M. « Constructing Items Measuring Logical Operational Thinking : Facet Design-Based Item Construction Using Multiple Categories Scoring ». European Journal of Psychological Assessment 14, no 2 (mai 1998) : 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.14.2.172.
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The development and application of test items of logical operational thinking are described. Twelve classical Piagetian experiments were transformed into objective test items using Guttman's facet design. In the item construction the response options received such a theoretical underpinning and form that they were considered to represent in a prototypical way all three operational levels, allowing interpretation of hypothetical reasoning strategies behind the student's choice of alternative. The items in multiple-choice format were given to four samples of Swedish students as a national option of the Second IEA Science Study: 1322 students in Grade 3, 1423 in Grade 4, 784 in Grade 7, and 725 in Grade 8. Twenty-two items were administered, of which 5 were specific for Grades 3 and 4, and 5 specific for Grades 7 and 8. The Rasch partial credit model was applied in order to take into account the information in all response options. Fifteen items in Grades 3 and 4, and 18 items in Grades 7 and 8 showed acceptable fit to the measurement model. The overall mean-square fit statistics were in accordance with model expectations.
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Welshons, W. J., et H. J. Welshons. « SUPPRESSION OF THE FACET-STRAWBERRY POSITION EFFECT IN DROSOPHILA BY LESIONS ADJACENT TO NOTCH ». Genetics 110, no 3 (1 juillet 1985) : 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/110.3.465.
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ABSTRACT The recessive visible rough eye mutant effect of faswb, a small deletion at the 5' end of the Notch locus, is suppressed when faswb is coupled to five different closely linked deficiencies distal to salivary band 3C7. In addition, an inversion with a proximal breakpoint between 3C3 and 3C5 similarly suppresses the mutant effect. The data support the position effect interpretation of faswb: The small deletion allows functions distal to Notch to interfere with functions at Notch, and when the interference is eliminated, the faswb-mutant effect disappears.—The faswb deletion also interacts with another recessive visible rough-eye mutant at Notch called fag. In the cis condition, faswb fag double mutants have a mutant-eye phenotype like fag (similar to the mutant effect of faswb) and, in addition, express an accessory phenotype (thickened wing veins). Although the mutant-eye effect of faswb can be suppressed by lesions adjacent to Notch, the accessory phenotype of the coupled mutants is not suppressed. It is suggested that the faswb deletion has two observable effects: One is a modifiable position effect causing the faswb rough-eye phenotype; the other is a stable effect exerted upon a 5-kb insertion that is the probable cause of the fag mutant expression, thus resulting in a wing effect that accompanies the eye effect of fag.
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Shvarts, Maxim Z., et Andrey A. Soluyanov. « Improved Concentration Capabilities of Flat-Plate Fresnel Lenses ». Advances in Science and Technology 74 (octobre 2010) : 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents an experience in designing, manufacturing and testing the Fresnel lenses (FLs) for sunlight concentration in photovoltaic modules with multi-junction solar cells (SCs). A power ray tracing model is used for calculating and optimizing refractive profile parameters and obtaining optical-power characteristics (OPCs) of Fresnel lenses. In searching the optimum combination of the lens aperture, its focal distance and profile configuration, the optimization criterion was the maximum of the average sunlight concentration at high optical efficiency in the focal spot of minimum size. Analysis of characteristics of circular Fresnel lenses with conical (the facet generating lines are straight ones) and curvilinear (the facet generating lines are curved ones) refracting surfaces has been carried out. The effect material parameters on the lens optical efficiency were studied. Molds for Fresnel lens formation and experimental specimens were fabricated and a control of their profile parameters has been done. A degree of the effect of the light flux characteristics and Fresnel lens geometrical imperfections on validity of the experimental data interpretation has been examined. The correction procedure have been applied in the calculation model to establish the lens optical efficiency values at standard irradiance conditions.
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Mpanza, Sinakhokonke, et Pfano Mashau. « The nature of investment climate through a facet of public investment : The emerging market case ». Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 6, no 4, special issue (2022) : 374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv6i4sip17.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this article is to table the nature of investment climate through a perspective of public investment. The investment climate of a city is the responsibility of the city’s municipal management (Biyase & Rooderick, 2018). Thus, this article provides insight into public investment in order to highlight the public sector’s role to ensure a good investment climate. The article focuses on KwaZulu-Natal secondary cities, particularly Newcastle and the City of uMhlathuze (Richards Bay). This article followed a qualitative approach. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic data analysis was adopted with the aid of NVivo version 12. Analysis and interpretation of the result are presented through models developed from NVivo. The key finding of this article discusses investment climate in secondary cities through the lance of the public sector’s role in attracting investment by packaging effective investment incentives, planning and executing programs and projects to attract and retain investment, and targeting countries for inflow foreign direct investment based on the city’s sectors, not political diplomacy. Moreover, key findings reveal that each of the identified cities has autonomous independence to package their own investment incentives to advance their investment climate. Respondents pointed out that Richards Bay has an industrial development zone that is aimed at attracting investors across the globe. Furthermore, respondents highlighted that the city has investment incentives, but they are not applicable to the city.
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VALLANCE, EDWARD. « OATHS, CASUISTRY, AND EQUIVOCATION : ANGLICAN RESPONSES TO THE ENGAGEMENT CONTROVERSY ». Historical Journal 44, no 1 (mars 2001) : 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x01001662.
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This article addresses a neglected facet of a familiar political debate, the contribution of Anglican royalist writers to the Engagement controversy. A new interpretation of the core issues at stake in the debate is offered by focusing on these Anglican responses. The work of Quentin Skinner, Margaret Judson, and John Wallace concentrated on the discussion of the duty of obedience to de facto powers. This article contends, however, that it was a debate over the nature of oaths and the lawfulness of taking apparently contradictory sworn promises which was at the heart of the controversy. Writers offered competing interpretations of the bond of oaths and covenants, the supporters of the Rump claiming that they were conditional and dependent for the obligation on circumstantial considerations, the Engagement's opponents claiming that these sworn bonds were non-reciprocal and indissoluble. In this debate both pro- and anti-Engagement authors used casuistic arguments to urge their readers either to take or to refuse the declaration of loyalty to the Commonwealth. Yet, whilst in print Anglicans had counselled against subscribing, in two manuscript cases of conscience they allowed correspondents to take the Engagement.
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Shye, Samuel, et Ido Haber. « Challenge Theory : The Structure and Measurement of Risky Binary Choice Behavior ». Applied Economics and Finance 7, no 4 (8 mai 2020) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v7i4.4845.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Challenge Theory (Shye & Haber 2015; 2020) has demonstrated that a newly devised challenge index (CI) attributable to every binary choice problem predicts the popularity of the bold option, the one of lower probability to gain a higher monetary outcome (in a gain problem); and the one of higher probability to lose a lower monetary outcome (in a loss problem). In this paper we show how Facet Theory structures the choice-behavior concept-space and yields rationalized measurements of gambling behavior. The data of this study consist of responses obtained from 126 student, specifying their preferences in 44 risky decision problems. A Faceted Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) of the 44 problems confirmed the hypothesis that the space of binary risky choice problems is partitionable by two binary axial facets: (a) Type of Problem (gain vs. loss); and (b) CI (Low vs. High). Four composite variables, representing the validated constructs: Gain, Loss, High-CI and Low-CI, were processed using Multiple Scaling by Partial Order Scalogram Analysis with base Coordinates (POSAC), leading to a meaningful and intuitively appealing interpretation of two necessary and sufficient gambling-behavior measurement scales.
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IMBIHL, R. « TURING STRUCTURES IN CATALYTIC SURFACE REACTIONS : THE FACETTING OF Pt(110) IN CO + O2 ». Modern Physics Letters B 06, no 09 (20 avril 1992) : 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984992000570.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Exposing a Pt(110) surface to catalytic CO oxidation causes the development of a regular facet pattern of microscopic dimensions which has been identified as a dissipative structure of the Turing type. The primary step in the facetting process is considered to be the [Formula: see text] phase transition which is also responsible for the occurrence of kinetic oscillations in the same system. This interpretation was confirmed in a Monte Carlo simulation which was based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism of catalytic CO oxidation and the properties of the surface phase transition. Thus a detailed microscopic description is available for the process by which a Turing structure is formed during a surface reaction.
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Hoare, A. G. « Domestic Regions, Overseas Nations, and Their Interactions through Trade : The Case of the United Kingdom ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 25, no 5 (mai 1993) : 701–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250701.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A little-explored facet of the global economy is the way regions within nations and different parts of the international community interact through trade flows. A number of reasons are suggested why this is of interest, especially as far as regional exporting is concerned. These are explored further with respect to exports from UK regions in 1978 and 1986 in terms of the patterns of linkages arising, their significance for the transmission of economic impulses, their possible explanations, their significance for the wider health of the UK space economy, and the logic of stability and change in these relationships. In the ensuing discussion the author suggests what more we need to know to allow a fuller interpretation of these patterns.
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Furcinitti, P. S., J. van Oostrum, J. S. Wall et R. M. Burnett. « Correlation averaging of stem images of negatively stained adenovirus groups-of-nine herons ». Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (août 1986) : 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100142384.
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Adenovirus has an icosahedral capsid composed of 252 morphological units of two chemical types. There are 240 copies of the trimeric maior coat protein hexon (Mr 3 x 109,077) and 12 copies of the pentameric penton base and trimeric fibre vertex proteins. The X-ray crystal structure of hexon provides an accurate molecular model for the interpretation of electron micrographs of the virion and its fragments. Dissociation of the virions first releases the 60 peripentonal hexons surrounding the pentons, and then the remaining hexons as planar groups-of-nine hexons (GONs). The disruption pattern of the virion, and the non-random dissociation of the GONs, are at variance with the overall organization of the capsid as small p3 arrays of 12 hexons on each facet.
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Boccaccini, Marcus T., Caroline S. Chevalier, Daniel C. Murrie et Jorge G. Varela. « Psychopathy Checklist–Revised Use and Reporting Practices in Sexually Violent Predator Evaluations ». Sexual Abuse 29, no 6 (30 octobre 2015) : 592–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215612443.
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We surveyed evaluators who conduct sexually violent predator evaluations ( N = 95) regarding the frequency with which they use the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R), their rationale for use, and scoring practices. Findings suggest that evaluators use the PCL-R in sexually violent predator cases because of its perceived versatility, providing information about both mental disorder and risk. Several findings suggested gaps between research and routine practice. For example, relatively few evaluators reported providing the factor and facet scores that may be the strongest predictors of future offending, and many assessed the combination of PCL-R scores and sexual deviance using deviance measures (e.g., paraphilia diagnoses) that have not been examined in available studies. There was evidence of adversarial allegiance in PCL-R score interpretation, as well as a “bias blind spot” in PCL-R and other risk measure (Static-99R) scoring; evaluators tended to acknowledge the possibility of bias in other evaluators but not in themselves. Findings suggest the need for evaluators to carefully consider the extent to which their practices are consistent with emerging research and to be attuned to the possibility that working in adversarial settings may influence their scoring and interpretation practices.
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Tavakol, Mohsen, et Gill Pinner. « Using the Many-Facet Rasch Model to analyse and evaluate the quality of objective structured clinical examination : a non-experimental cross-sectional design ». BMJ Open 9, no 9 (septembre 2019) : e029208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029208.
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ObjectivesSources of bias, such as the examiners, domains and stations, can influence the student marks in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). This study describes the extent to which the facets modelled in an OSCE can contribute to scoring variance and how they fit into a Many-Facet Rasch Model (MFRM) of OSCE performance. A further objective is to identify the functioning of the rating scale used.DesignA non-experimental cross-sectional design.Participants and settingsAn MFRM was used to identify sources of error (eg, examiner, domain and station), which may influence the student outcome. A 16-station OSCE was conducted for 329 final year medical students. Domain-based marking was applied, each station using a sample from eight defined domains across the whole OSCE. The domains were defined as follows: communication skills, professionalism, information gathering, information giving, clinical interpretation, procedure, diagnosis and management. The domains in each station were weighted to ensure proper attention to the construct of the individual station. Four facets were assessed: students, examiners, domains and stations.ResultsThe results suggest that the OSCE data fit the model, confirming that an MFRM approach was appropriate to use. The variable map allows a comparison with and between the facets of students, examiners, domains and stations and the 5-point score for each domain with each station as they are calibrated to the same scale. Fit statistics showed that the domains map well to the performance of the examiners. No statistically significant difference between examiner sensitivity (3.85 logits) was found. However, the results did suggest examiners were lenient and that some behaved inconsistently. The results also suggest that the functioning of response categories on the 5-point rating scale need further examination and optimisation.ConclusionsThe results of the study have important implications for examiner monitoring and training activities, to aid assessment improvement.
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Miskin, Nityanand, Zacharia Isaac, Yi Lu, Melvin C. Makhni, Danielle L. Sarno, Timothy R. Smith, Jay M. Zampini et Jacob C. Mandell. « Simplified Universal Grading of Lumbar Spine MRI Degenerative Findings : Inter-Reader Agreement of Non-Radiologist Spine Experts ». Pain Medicine 22, no 7 (13 mars 2021) : 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnab098.
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Abstract Objective 1) To describe a simplified multidisciplinary grading system for the most clinically relevant lumbar spine degenerative changes. 2) To measure the inter-reader variability among non-radiologist spine experts in their use of the classification system for interpretation of a consecutive series of lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. Methods ATS multidisciplinary and collaborative standardized grading of spinal stenosis, foraminal stenosis, lateral recess stenosis, and facet arthropathy was developed. Our institution’s picture archiving and communication system was searched for 50 consecutive patients who underwent non-contrast MRI of the lumbar spine for chronic back pain, radiculopathy, or symptoms of spinal stenosis. Three fellowship-trained spine subspecialists from neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, and physiatry interpreted the 50 exams using the classification at the L4–L5 and L5–S1 levels. Inter-reader agreement was assessed with Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results For spinal stenosis, the readers demonstrated substantial agreement (κ = 0.702). For foraminal stenosis and facet arthropathy, the three readers demonstrated moderate agreement (κ = 0.544, and 0.557, respectively). For lateral recess stenosis, there was fair agreement (κ = 0.323). Conclusions A simplified universal grading system of lumbar spine MRI degenerative findings is newly described. Use of this multidisciplinary grading system in the assessment of clinically relevant degenerative changes revealed moderate to substantial agreement among non-radiologist spine physicians. This standardized grading system could serve as a foundation for interdisciplinary communication.
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Kravchenko, Natalya, et Oleksandr Yudenko. « Visual metaphor in commercial ad : effectiveness or failure ? » Cognition, Communication, Discourse, no 23 (31 décembre 2021) : 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2021-23-04.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on the modern approaches to the study of multimodal pragmatics, this study focuses on its new facet, identifying the correlation between cognitive and pragmatic features of visual metaphor with reference to visual grammatical analysis and Optimal Innovation Hypothesis added by explanatory tools of the conceptual blending Theory and Relevance Theory along with cooperative principle. The purpose of the article is to analyze the visual message of commercial advertising while assessing its successfulness / failure in accordance with the sequentially applied criteria of “the level of metaphorical polysemanticity and ambiguity”, “the availability of the relevant context of interpretation”, “the level of optimal innovativeness”. The paper reached four principal results. First. The visual metaphor flouts one or few cooperatіve maxims, which triggers discursive implicature. Second. Depending on the level of implicitness and polysemanticity of the visual metaphor, the result of the maxim flouting can be both implicature and explicature. If the inference of the implicature is intended by an advertising message, but requires excessive efforts to process visual information in lack of relevant context, the level of the metaphor interpretation remains explicature. Third. “Explicature” and “implicature” levels of visual metaphor interpretation are associated with different stages of blending processes. Inference of discursive implicature, which constitutes the intended meaning of the metaphor, coincides with the stage of the blend elaboration; Fourth. Depending on the balance between the level of familiarity and innovativeness, the components of a visual metaphor can be ranked on the scale of “attractiveness” for the target client—from optimally innovative to pure innovative devices.
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Garrett, C. Gaelyn. « Laryngopharyngeal Reflux : A Laryngologist's Perspective ». Perspectives on Voice and Voice Disorders 21, no 3 (novembre 2011) : 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/vvd21.3.100.
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Much controversy continues to exist regarding almost every facet of layrngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), including the method of its clinical evaluation, the interpretation of the available data, and its ultimate diagnosis and treatment. In this article, the author reviews some of the controversies associated with the diagnosis and management of LPR from the perspective of a laryngologist. The author conducted a literature review to identify recent key articles regarding the diagnosis and treatment of LPR. Special attention was taken to identify clinical practice guidelines and review articles that summarize the scientific validity of the literature on LPR. The results show that evidence in the current literature is inconsistent, although most clinicians agree that extraesophageal reflux is associated with manifestations of symptoms in the larynx and pharynx. Questions remain about the true prevalence of LPR and its causation.
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Brožek, Josef, et Vid Pečjak. « Psychology of the Scientist : LIV. Reception and Rejection of “Western” Psychology in “Eastern” Europe during the 1950S and 1960S : Woodworth's Experimental Psychology ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, no 1 (février 1992) : 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.1.179.
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This is a report on a fascinating but unknown facet of the history of American and international psychology. Its aim is to describe the differences in attitudes of “East European” (Soviet, Slovak, Polish, and Yugoslav) psychologists to American psychology and, more concretely and specifically, to R. S. Woodworth's textbook Experimental psychology of 1938 or its second (Woodworth-Schlosberg) edition of 1954. While in the eyes of most of the Western psychologists and of many American politicians, “Eastern” Europe (including Central European Czechs and South European Yugoslavs) appeared ideologically homogeneous, the attitudes to Experimental psychology varied from very negative and negative to positive and very positive. While the reported facts are striking, the information currently available to us does not provide an adequate basis for the interpretation of the differences. This applies, in particular, to what were the countries with “orthodox” Communist governments (Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Poland).
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Joseph, Tyler A., Philippe Chlenski, Aviya Litman, Tal Korem et Itsik Pe'er. « Accurate and robust inference of microbial growth dynamics from metagenomic sequencing reveals personalized growth rates ». Genome Research 32, no 3 (5 janvier 2022) : 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.275533.121.
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Patterns of sequencing coverage along a bacterial genome—summarized by a peak-to-trough ratio (PTR)—have been shown to accurately reflect microbial growth rates, revealing a new facet of microbial dynamics and host–microbe interactions. Here, we introduce Compute PTR (CoPTR): a tool for computing PTRs from complete reference genomes and assemblies. Using simulations and data from growth experiments in simple and complex communities, we show that CoPTR is more accurate than the current state of the art while also providing more PTR estimates overall. We further develop a theory formalizing a biological interpretation for PTRs. Using a reference database of 2935 species, we applied CoPTR to a case-control study of 1304 metagenomic samples from 106 individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. We show that growth rates are personalized, are only loosely correlated with relative abundances, and are associated with disease status. We conclude by showing how PTRs can be combined with relative abundances and metabolomics to investigate their effect on the microbiome.
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Marzban, Caren. « The ROC Curve and the Area under It as Performance Measures ». Weather and Forecasting 19, no 6 (1 décembre 2004) : 1106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/825.1.
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Abstract The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a two-dimensional measure of classification performance. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a scalar measure gauging one facet of performance. In this short article, five idealized models are utilized to relate the shape of the ROC curve, and the area under it, to features of the underlying distribution of forecasts. This allows for an interpretation of the former in terms of the latter. The analysis is pedagogical in that many of the findings are already known in more general (and more realistic) settings; however, the simplicity of the models considered here allows for a clear exposition of the relation. For example, although in general there are many reasons for an asymmetric ROC curve, the models considered here clearly illustrate that an asymmetry in the ROC curve can be attributed to unequal widths of the distributions. Furthermore, it is shown that AUC discriminates well between “good” and “bad” models, but not between good models.
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HUBBARD, GILL, SUSAN TESTER et MURNA G. DOWNS. « Meaningful social interactions between older people in institutional care settings ». Ageing and Society 23, no 1 (janvier 2003) : 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x02008991.
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This paper is a contribution to the developing understanding of social relationships in institutional care settings. It focuses on two areas that have been neglected in research: the reasons for and types of social interaction in institutional settings, and the ways in which the context of people's lives shapes social interaction. The paper draws on ethnographic observations conducted in four care settings in Scotland using a symbolic interactionist perspective. It finds that residents communicate and interact, and that the personal, cultural and structural contexts frame social interaction and influence the ways that residents use humour, express sexuality, and show hostility. The paper concludes that residents create social interactions in which action is embedded, but do so within specific structural and cultural contexts. These contexts ‘control’ resident action by establishing frameworks for the interpretation of meaning. At the same time, each facet of context is ‘controlled’ by the ways in which residents actively take on the ‘role’ of others, and project ‘self’ and a ‘label’.
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Hawkins, Tim, Ben Player et Martin Curtice. « The zone of parental control and decision-making in young people : legal derivation and influences ». Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 17, no 3 (mai 2011) : 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008466.
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SummaryThe 2007 amendments to the Mental Health Act 1983 and their accompanying Code of Practice produced new guidance on the limits of parental influence over young people's ability to consent. Previously, professional practice on decision-making and consent was guided by a combination of the Mental Health Act 1983 Code of Practice, the Family Law Reform Act 1969 and evolving English and Welsh case law. The 2007 amendments to the 1983 Act take heed of such influences and the Code of Practice specifically includes reference to European case law. What was previously left open to balanced professional interpretation has now been formalised into statute law. A central facet of this is the introduction of the concept of the zone of parental control, which derives largely from European case law. This article considers the derivation from case law of this novel concept and in particular its relationship with the European Convention on Human Rights.
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Nelson, Bryan. « Lefort, Abensour and the question : What is ‘savage’ democracy ? » Philosophy & ; Social Criticism 45, no 7 (17 février 2019) : 844–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453719828035.
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One of the more perplexing terms to appear across Claude Lefort’s later oeuvre, ‘wild’ or ‘savage’ democracy ( démocratie sauvage) has proved a difficult and divisive facet of Lefort’s political philosophy. Enigmatic, provocative, stubbornly undefined, while savage democracy is often simply ignored by many scholars of Lefort’s work, others, such as Miguel Abensour, place it at the very centre of their interpretation of his thought. This essay confronts the question directly. What is savage democracy? What is it that Lefort invites us to think with this curious phrase? How does it relate to his larger theory of democracy as a symbolic mutation or form of society? And is Abensour, who provides the most exhaustive analysis of the concept, correct to identity savage democracy as the key to grasping democracy as a spontaneous and emancipatory political activity? Considering both its conceptual origins and historical associations, this article contends that beyond a mere descriptive qualifier, savage democracy may ultimately be understood as a philosophical vehicle through which we are compelled to conceive democracy according to its most creative and transformative dimensions and capacities.
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COUPLAND, NIKOLAS. « Dialect stylization in radio talk ». Language in Society 30, no 3 (juillet 2001) : 345–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501003013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stylization is the knowing deployment of culturally familiar styles and identities that are marked as deviating from those predictably associated with the current speaking context. Dialect stylization involves performing non-current-first-person personas by phonological and related means, sometimes in play or parody. Although these processes may seem to be very local, it is arguably true that dialects are increasingly experienced in reflexive and mediated environments that breed stylization. One of these is light entertainment on radio; this article analyzes data from English-language national radio broadcasts in Wales. Welshness is self-consciously evoked in the data, partly through dialect performance, where the variables (ou) and (ei) are a rich semiotic resource, linked to nondialectal means of evoking Welsh cultural stances and practices. Although stylization is a form of strategic de-authentication, its ultimate relationship with authenticity is complex. As a facet of cultural performance, stylization can be part of a process of cultural reproduction, and I argue that this is the best interpretation of the present data. As a result, sociolinguistics may need to reconsider its assumptions about cultural authenticity.
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Hammond, Scott John. « Earthborn from the Same Mother : Another Look at Elements of Equality Within Plato’s Political Vision ». Polis : The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 25, no 2 (2008) : 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-90000133.
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This paper examines questions regarding the nature of and need for a certain species of equality within the overall design of Plato’s prescriptive political philosophy, with particular reference to the Republic and Laws. A common, traditional, reasonable and yet incomplete interpretation of Plato relies on the notion that Plato’s political theory and, more particularly, his prescriptions for the city of speech (kallipolis of the Republic) and the second best city (Magnesia of the Laws) rest on an abiding belief in the need for social inequality and political hierarchy, and thereby rejecting in the essence of things equality as a viable political concept. But perhaps a second look at Plato is in order here. This essay attempts to explore those elements of Plato’s conceptual and prescriptive theory that reflect a different attitude toward hierarchy, one that cannot be regarded as egalitarian in any modern sense of the word, but that might evince a facet of Plato that is at the very least open to the possibility of a more egalitarian view of politics and at most directed at promoting a more egalitarian politics that has been largely unrecognized by many of Plato’s readers and overlooked by most of his commentators.
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Michele de Oliveira, Sandi, et Nieves Hernández-Flores. « Desafíos interpretativos en el análisis de la imagen sociocultural ». Textos en Proceso 1, no 1 (1 décembre 2015) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17710/tep.2015.1.1.1oli.
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Firstova, Maria Yu. « Artistic Embodiment of Unitarian Religious Principles in the Literary Works of Elizabeth Gaskell ». Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 14, no 2 (2022) : 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2022-2-131-141.
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The paper deals with the origins and major principles of the Unitarian religion that began to spread in Great Britain in the 18th century. The author aims to reveal the impact of the ethics of this Non-conformist (Dissent) Christian religious thought on the literary works of Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865), whose family background was largely Unitarian. The study shows the way that ethical principles of the Unitarian doctrine influence the problem-theme facet of her novels, which is evident in the artistic interpretation of the idea of strengthening the role of women in the Victorian society, in the author’s new approach to the solution to ‘the fallen woman’ problem, based on the possibility to atone for the sin through the service to the good of people and maternal love. The article focuses on the artistic depiction of the evil nature of a lie, the ideas of pacifism, religious tolerance, social justice, and resolution of social problems on the basis of the Christian idea of mutual dependence of humans, as presented in the novels written by Gaskell. The characters of her works, being new for Victorian literature, are also developed on the moral principles of Unitarianism. They are a socially active young woman from the middle class whose efforts are aimed at the resolution of the social conflict and a church minister (a dissenter) suffering from religious or moral doubts. The latter circumstance determines the shift from the depiction of the external social conflict to the internal one, which results in the in-depth psychological insight into the character in Gaskell’s narration. Particular attention is also given to the artistic interpretation of the key Unitarian idea of moral development and perfection of humans and continuous social progress in the novels Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Sylvia’s Lovers (1863).
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Ulya, Miftah. « Rekonsiderasi Budaya Manumbai Masyarakat Petalangan Melayu Riau Berbasis Al-Qur’an ». El-Furqania : Jurnal Ushuluddin dan Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 7, no 01 (3 mars 2021) : 18–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54625/elfurqania.v7i01.4390.
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Manumbai is a tradition of taking honey bee that is familiar to the people of Riau Malay Petalangan. In their view there remains a facet of inner strength, a power which cannot be reached by external effort. The unseen inner strength is greater than the outer strength. Therefore, doing a job with physical strength alone will not be sufficient, without being equipped with the effort to obtain supernatural inner strength. It has been popular that "Malay is synonymous with Islam" is a slogan that has been popular among the Riau Malay community. Even so, there still seems to be a discrepancy from what was popularized in the slogan. The author found that the manumbai procession (the ceremony for taking honey bees) in the culture of the Riau Malay Petalangan community seems to contradict the prohibitions in the al-Qur'an which are contained in the QS. Al-Nisa>'[4]: 171, namely' al-ghuluww "means transgressing the limit. This research uses a qualitative approach. While the method of interpretation in research uses the maudhu>'i> interpretation method. The stages in this research go through three stages, namely reading and tracing the literature (primary and secondary), which then analyzes the data with a descriptive analytical frame of mind, which in the end comes a conclusion. The author gives a reconsideration of the manumbai culture of the Riau Malay Petalangan community which seems to contradict the prohibition of the al-Qur'an through transformation. The desired consideration in this research is through changing the form of worship of the sialang tree which is believed to have magical powers to trust and complete belief in Allah, who is the giver and recipient of the prayers of all his servants' requests.
Keywords: Reconsideration, Manumbai, Malay Culture.
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Michal, Gavin. « Exploring Rabbinic Approaches to the Psalms ». Old Testament Essays 35, no 1 (21 juin 2022) : 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2022/v35n1a7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Today, the Jewish world has adopted a popularist - if not theurgical -approach to the Book of Psalms, where the Psalms take on a mystical and almost magical function.1 However widespread, this is only one facet of a kaleidoscope of multifaceted and divergent methodologies that lie within the rubric of rabbinic Psalm interpretation. This article looks at some of the theology underpinning the essential structures of the Psalms as seen through the eyes of the classical rabbis. The analysis begins with the overall edifice of the Psalter, its division into books and their order, discusses the nomenclature and the aspect of musicology, and rabbinic views concerning their authorship and provenance. The article proceeds to investigate diverse and sometimes mutually-exclusive rabbinic opinions regarding the essential intent, usage and status of the Psalms. In the final analysis, readers are left bewildered as to whether the Psalms hold the key to the secrets of the universe or whether Jews are even allowed to pray by using the Psalms because of their exalted spiritual stature, or on the contrary, whether the Psalms are merely human expressions of prayer and grappling attempts at making sense of a difficult world, and therefore, of diminished and mundane status.
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Spinu, Constantin. « Identity convergence in the tapestry and painting of Ecaterina Ajder ». Akademos, no 2(61) (septembre 2021) : 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.2-61.16.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ecaterina Ajder, representative of the early `80s of plastic artists from the Republic of Moldova, constantly opts for endowing the work of art with innovative stylistic values. Plastic tradition and modernity originally connect in her creation, contributing to the generation of current messages through image. Preferring to materialize her thematic and plastic predilections in the genre of artistic tapestry and easel painting, Ecaterina Ajder has drawn and consolidated over the decades her unmistakable stylistic facet, in which the insurmountable landmarks of folk art have found a favorable artistic fulfillment and integration into relevant contemporary creative trends. In the artistic tapestry, the painter significantly capitalized both the aesthetic expressions obtained from the classic weaving, and from combining it with various techniques such as felt and embroidery. When referring to the easel painting she highlighted the traditional aspects of structural-constructive constitution of the image field and, at the same time, the impressive artistic expressions, obtained after practicing mixed techniques, giving priority to the collage methodology. In the artist’s creation, both the conceptualization and aesthetic interpretation of the theme, as well as the way of operating with plastic means imminently contribute to the demarcation and supplementing of the semantic area of the work with high value expressions.
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Burton, Laura J., et Stephanie M. Mazerolle. « Survey Instrument Validity Part I : Principles of Survey Instrument Development and Validation in Athletic Training Education Research ». Athletic Training Education Journal 6, no 1 (1 janvier 2011) : 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1947-380x-6.1.27.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Context: Instrument validation is an important facet of survey research methods and athletic trainers must be aware of the important underlying principles. Objective: To discuss the process of survey development and validation, specifically the process of construct validation. Background: Athletic training researchers frequently employ the use of survey research for topics such as clinical instruction and supervision, burnout, and professional development; however, researchers have not always used proper procedures to ensure instrument validity and reliability for the data collection process. Description: Four major methods exist to establish the validity of an instrument: face, content, criterion related, and construct. When developing a survey to measure a previously unexplored construct (eg, an athletic trainer's attitudes toward appropriate exertional heat stroke treatment), researchers should employ a four-step process: (1) defining constructs and content domain, (2) generating and judging measurement items, (3) designing and conducting studies to develop a scale, and (4) finalizing the scale. Clinical Advantages: Establishing the validity of a survey instrument strengthens the data yielded from the data collection process, which allows for greater confidence in the interpretation of the results from the survey. Conclusions: Construct validity, although a time-intensive process, is necessary to ensure accuracy and validity of the survey instrument.
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Milică, Iulia Andreea. « Ellen Glasgow’s In This Our Life : “The Betrayals of Life” in the Crumbling Aristocratic South ». American, British and Canadian Studies 33, no 1 (1 décembre 2019) : 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2019-0016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractEllen Glasgow’s works have received, over time, a mixed interpretation, from sentimental and conventional, to rebellious and insightful. Her novel In This Our Life (1941) allows the reader to have a glimpse of the early twentieth-century South, changed by the industrial revolution, desperately clinging to dead codes, despairing and struggling to survive. The South is reflected through the problems of a family, its sentimentality and vulnerability, but also its cruelty, pretensions, masks and selfishness, trying to find happiness and meaning in a world of traditions and codes that seem powerless in the face of progress. The novel, apparently simple and reduced in scope, offers, in fact, a deep insight into various issues, from complicated family relationships, gender pressures, racial inequality to psychological dilemmas, frustration or utter despair. The article’s aim is to depict, through this novel, one facet of the American South, the “aristocratic” South of belles and cavaliers, an illusory representation indeed, but so deeply rooted in the world’s imagination. Ellen Glasgow is one of the best choices in this direction: an aristocratic woman but also a keen and profound writer, and, most of all, a writer who loved the South deeply, even if she exposed its flaws.
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Quinn, Kyle P., et Beth A. Winkelstein. « Altered collagen fiber kinematics define the onset of localized ligament damage during loading ». Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no 6 (décembre 2008) : 1881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.90792.2008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Detecting the initiation of mechanical injury to biological tissue, and not just its ultimate failure, is critical to a sensitive and specific characterization of tissue tolerance, development of quantitative relationships between macro- and microstructural tissue responses, and appropriate interpretation of physiological responses to loading. We have developed a novel methodological approach to detect the onset and spatial location of structural damage in collagenous soft tissue, before its visible rupture, via identification of atypical regional collagen fiber kinematics during loading. Our methods utilize high-speed quantitative polarized light imaging to identify the onset of tissue damage in ligament regions where mean collagen fiber rotation significantly deviates from its behavior during noninjurious loading. This technique was validated by its ability to predict the location of visible rupture ( P = 0.0009). This fiber rotation-based metric of damage identifies potential facet capsular ligament injury beginning well before rupture, at 51 ± 12% of the displacement required to produce tissue failure. Although traditional macroscale strain metrics fail to identify the location of microstructural damage, initial injury detection determined by altered fiber rotation was significantly correlated ( R = 0.757, P = 0.049) with tissue yield (defined by a decrease in stiffness), supporting the capabilities of this method. Damaged regions exhibited higher variance in fiber direction than undamaged regions ( P = 0.0412).
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Herpertz, S., EM Steinmeyer et H. Saß. « On the conceptualisation of subaffective personality disorders ». European Psychiatry 13, no 1 (1998) : 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(97)86746-6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
SummaryThe reconceptualisation of German traditional constructs of subaffective personality disorders (PDs) was stimulated by clinical and some empirical evidence of mild and enduring alterations of mood and drive in patients who never developed one of the full-blown mood disorders. The aim of the study was to clarify the status of historical concepts of subaffective PDs (as there are the depressive, hyperthymic, cyclothymic, and asthenic type) in relation to the modern Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R conceptions of personality disorders and the five factor theory of personality. A consecutive psychiatric sample and a normal control sample were used to investigate these relationships. By means of a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling procedure, and facet theoretical interpretation, the depressive and asthenic PDs were demonstrated to correspond highly with the global construct of PD as well as with the personality factor neuroticism which proved to be elevated in most types of PDs within the clinical sample. The hyperthymic and cyclothymic categories displayed differences to most DSM-III-R constructs of PD in the clinical but not in the control sample. The findings may explain the chronic course of some depressive or somatization disorders that are difficult to influence by pharmacotherapy and that may require special treatment strategies.