Articles de revues : « Face processing, Individual differences, Face recognition ability »

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Meinhardt, G., B. Meinhardt-Injac et M. Persike. « Orientation-invariance of individual differences in three face processing tasks ». Royal Society Open Science 6, n^o 1 (janvier 2019) : 181350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181350.

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Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and dissociations of the human face processing ability depend on stimulus orientation, we measured face recognition with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), along with experimental tests of face perception and selective attention to faces and non-face objects in a sample of 314 participants. Results showed strong inversion effects for all face-related tasks, and modest ones for non-face objects. Individual differences analysis revealed that the CFMT shared common variance with face perception and face-selective attention, however, independent of orientation. Regardless of whether predictor and criterion had same or different orientation, face recognition was best predicted by the same test battery. Principal component decomposition revealed a common factor for face recognition and face perception, a second common factor for face recognition and face-selective attention, and two unique factors. The patterns of factor loadings were nearly identical for upright and inverted presentation. These results indicate orientation-invariance of common variance in three domains of face processing. Since inversion impaired performance, but did not affect domain-related associations and dissociations, the findings suggest process-specific but orientation-general mechanisms. Specific limitations by constraints of individual differences analysis and test selection are discussed.

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Furl, Nicholas, Lúcia Garrido, Raymond J. Dolan, Jon Driver et Bradley Duchaine. « Fusiform Gyrus Face Selectivity Relates to Individual Differences in Facial Recognition Ability ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, n^o 7 (juillet 2011) : 1723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21545.

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Regions of the occipital and temporal lobes, including a region in the fusiform gyrus (FG), have been proposed to constitute a “core” visual representation system for faces, in part because they show face selectivity and face repetition suppression. But recent fMRI studies of developmental prosopagnosics (DPs) raise questions about whether these measures relate to face processing skills. Although DPs manifest deficient face processing, most studies to date have not shown unequivocal reductions of functional responses in the proposed core regions. We scanned 15 DPs and 15 non-DP control participants with fMRI while employing factor analysis to derive behavioral components related to face identification or other processes. Repetition suppression specific to facial identities in FG or to expression in FG and STS did not show compelling relationships with face identification ability. However, we identified robust relationships between face selectivity and face identification ability in FG across our sample for several convergent measures, including voxel-wise statistical parametric mapping, peak face selectivity in individually defined “fusiform face areas” (FFAs), and anatomical extents (cluster sizes) of those FFAs. None of these measures showed associations with behavioral expression or object recognition ability. As a group, DPs had reduced face-selective responses in bilateral FFA when compared with non-DPs. Individual DPs were also more likely than non-DPs to lack expected face-selective activity in core regions. These findings associate individual differences in face processing ability with selectivity in core face processing regions. This confirms that face selectivity can provide a valid marker for neural mechanisms that contribute to face identification ability.

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Wang, Ruosi, Jingguang Li, Huizhen Fang, Moqian Tian et Jia Liu. « Individual Differences in Holistic Processing Predict Face Recognition Ability ». Psychological Science 23, n^o 2 (5 janvier 2012) : 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611420575.

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Germine, L. T., et C. I. Hooker. « Face emotion recognition is related to individual differences in psychosis-proneness ». Psychological Medicine 41, n^o 5 (2 septembre 2010) : 937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710001571.

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BackgroundDeficits in face emotion recognition (FER) in schizophrenia are well documented, and have been proposed as a potential intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia liability. However, research on the relationship between psychosis vulnerability and FER has mixed findings and methodological limitations. Moreover, no study has yet characterized the relationship between FER ability and level of psychosis-proneness. If FER ability varies continuously with psychosis-proneness, this suggests a relationship between FER and polygenic risk factors.MethodWe tested two large internet samples to see whether psychometric psychosis-proneness, as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), is related to differences in face emotion identification and discrimination or other face processing abilities.ResultsExperiment 1 (n=2332) showed that psychosis-proneness predicts face emotion identification ability but not face gender identification ability. Experiment 2 (n=1514) demonstrated that psychosis-proneness also predicts performance on face emotion but not face identity discrimination. The tasks in Experiment 2 used identical stimuli and task parameters, differing only in emotion/identity judgment. Notably, the relationships demonstrated in Experiments 1 and 2 persisted even when individuals with the highest psychosis-proneness levels (the putative high-risk group) were excluded from analysis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that FER ability is related to individual differences in psychosis-like characteristics in the normal population, and that these differences cannot be accounted for by differences in face processing and/or visual perception. Our results suggest that FER may provide a useful candidate intermediate phenotype.

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Parr, Lisa A., et Jessica Taubert. « The importance of surface-based cues for face discrimination in non-human primates ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 278, n^o 1714 (décembre 2010) : 1964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2333.

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Understanding how individual identity is processed from faces remains a complex problem. Contrast reversal, showing faces in photographic negative, impairs face recognition in humans and demonstrates the importance of surface-based information (shading and pigmentation) in face recognition. We tested the importance of contrast information for face encoding in chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys using a computerized face-matching task. Results showed that contrast reversal (positive to negative) selectively impaired face processing in these two species, although the impairment was greater for chimpanzees. Unlike chimpanzees, however, monkeys performed just as well matching negative to positive faces, suggesting that they retained some ability to extract identity information from negative faces. A control task showed that chimpanzees, but not rhesus monkeys, performed significantly better matching face parts compared with whole faces after a contrast reversal, suggesting that contrast reversal acts selectively on face processing, rather than general visual-processing mechanisms. These results confirm the importance of surface-based cues for face processing in chimpanzees and humans, while the results were less salient for rhesus monkeys. These findings make a significant contribution to understanding the evolution of cognitive specializations for face processing among primates, and suggest potential differences between monkeys and apes.

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Blazhenkova, Olesya. « Boundary Extension in Face Processing ». i-Perception 8, n^o 5 (12 septembre 2017) : 204166951772480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517724808.

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Boundary extension is a common false memory error, in which people confidently remember seeing a wider angle view of the scene than was viewed. Previous research found that boundary extension is scene-specific and did not examine this phenomenon in nonscenes. The present research explored boundary extension in cropped face images. Participants completed either a short-term or a long-term condition of the task. During the encoding, they observed photographs of faces, cropped either in a forehead or in a chin area, and subsequently performed face recognition through a forced-choice selection. The recognition options represented different degrees of boundary extension and boundary restriction errors. Eye-tracking and performance data were collected. The results demonstrated boundary extension in both memory conditions. Furthermore, previous literature reported the asymmetry in amounts of expansion at different sides of an image. The present work provides the evidence of asymmetry in boundary extension. In the short-term condition, boundary extension errors were more pronounced for forehead, than for chin face areas. Finally, this research examined the relationships between the measures of boundary extension, imagery, and emotion. The results suggest that individual differences in emotional ability and object, but not spatial, imagery could be associated with boundary extension in face processing.

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Unger, Ashley, Kylie H. Alm, Jessica A. Collins, Jacquelyn M. O’Leary et Ingrid R. Olson. « Variation in White Matter Connectivity Predicts the Ability to Remember Faces and Discriminate Their Emotions ». Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, n^o 2 (février 2016) : 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001009.

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AbstractObjectives: The extended face network contains clusters of neurons that perform distinct functions on facial stimuli. Regions in the posterior ventral visual stream appear to perform basic perceptual functions on faces, while more anterior regions, such as the ventral anterior temporal lobe and amygdala, function to link mnemonic and affective information to faces. Anterior and posterior regions are interconnected by a long-range white matter tracts; however, it is not known if variation in connectivity of these pathways explains cognitive performance. Methods: Here, we used diffusion imaging and deterministic tractography in a cohort of 28 neurologically normal adults ages 18–28 to examine microstructural properties of visual fiber pathways and their relationship to certain mnemonic and affective functions involved in face processing. We investigated how inter-individual variability in two tracts, the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), related to performance on tests of facial emotion recognition and face memory. Results: Results revealed that microstructure of both tracts predicted variability in behavioral performance indexed by both tasks, suggesting that the ILF and IFOF play a role in facilitating our ability to discriminate emotional expressions in faces, as well as to remember unique faces. Variation in a control tract, the uncinate fasciculus, did not predict performance on these tasks. Conclusions: These results corroborate and extend the findings of previous neuropsychology studies investigating the effects of damage to the ILF and IFOF, and demonstrate that differences in face processing abilities are related to white matter microstructure, even in healthy individuals. (JINS, 2016, 22, 180–190)

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Parr, Lisa A. « The evolution of face processing in primates ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 366, n^o 1571 (12 juin 2011) : 1764–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0358.

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The ability to recognize faces is an important socio-cognitive skill that is associated with a number of cognitive specializations in humans. While numerous studies have examined the presence of these specializations in non-human primates, species where face recognition would confer distinct advantages in social situations, results have been mixed. The majority of studies in chimpanzees support homologous face-processing mechanisms with humans, but results from monkey studies appear largely dependent on the type of testing methods used. Studies that employ passive viewing paradigms, like the visual paired comparison task, report evidence of similarities between monkeys and humans, but tasks that use more stringent, operant response tasks, like the matching-to-sample task, often report species differences. Moreover, the data suggest that monkeys may be less sensitive than chimpanzees and humans to the precise spacing of facial features, in addition to the surface-based cues reflected in those features, information that is critical for the representation of individual identity. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the available data from face-processing tasks in non-human primates with the goal of understanding the evolution of this complex cognitive skill.

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Dennett, Hugh W., Elinor McKone, Mark Edwards et Tirta Susilo. « Face Aftereffects Predict Individual Differences in Face Recognition Ability ». Psychological Science 23, n^o 11 (16 octobre 2012) : 1279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612446350.

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Corrow, S., T. Donlon, J. Mathison, V. Adamson et A. Yonas. « Differences in Face Recognition Ability Predicts Patterns of Holistic Face Processing in Children ». Journal of Vision 14, n^o 10 (22 août 2014) : 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/14.10.572.

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Rhodes, Gillian, Linda Jeffery, Libby Taylor, William G. Hayward et Louise Ewing. « Individual differences in adaptive coding of face identity are linked to individual differences in face recognition ability. » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance 40, n^o 3 (2014) : 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035939.

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Rennels, Jennifer L., Andrea J. Kayl et Kirsty M. Kulhanek. « Individual Differences in Infants’ Temperament Affect Face Processing ». Brain Sciences 10, n^o 8 (23 juillet 2020) : 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080474.

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Infants show an advantage in processing female and familiar race faces, but the effect sizes are often small, suggesting individual differences in their discrimination abilities. This research assessed whether differences in 6–10-month-olds’ temperament (surgency and orienting) predicted how they scanned individual faces varying in race and gender during familiarization and whether and how long it took them to locate the face during a visual search task. This study also examined whether infants viewing faces posing pleasant relative to neutral expressions would facilitate their discrimination of male and unfamiliar race faces. Results showed that infants’ surgency on its own or in conjunction with their orienting regularly interacted with facial characteristics to predict their scanning and location of faces. Furthermore, infants’ scanning patterns (dwell times and internal–external fixation shifts) correlated with their ability and time to locate a familiarized face. Moreover, infants who viewed faces with pleasant expressions showed better discrimination of unfamiliar race and male faces compared with infants who viewed neutral faces. Including temperament in the analyses consistently demonstrated its significance for understanding infant face processing. Findings suggest that positive interactions with other-race individuals and men might reduce processing disadvantages for those face types. Locating familiar adults in a timely manner is a crucial skill for infants to develop and these data elucidate factors influencing this ability.

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Megreya, Ahmed M., et Robert D. Latzman. « Individual differences in emotion regulation and face recognition ». PLOS ONE 15, n^o 12 (10 décembre 2020) : e0243209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243209.

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Face recognition ability is highly variable among neurologically intact populations. Across three experiments, this study examined for the first time associations between individual differences in a range of adaptive versus maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and face recognition. Using an immediate face-memory paradigm, in which observers had to identify a self-paced learned unfamiliar face from a 10-face target-present/ target-absent line-up, Experiment 1 (N = 42) found high levels of expressive suppression (the ongoing efforts to inhibit emotion-expressive behaviors), but not cognitive reappraisal (the cognitive re-evaluation of emotional events to change their emotional consequences), were associated with a lower level of overall face-memory accuracy and higher rates of misidentifications and false positives. Experiment 2 (N = 53) replicated these finding using a range of face-matching tasks, where observers were asked to match pairs of same-race or different-race face images taken on the same day or during different times. Once again, high levels of expressive suppression were associated with a lower level of overall face-matching performance and higher rates of false positives, but cognitive reappraisal did not correlate with any face-matching measure. Finally, Experiment 3 (N = 52) revealed that the higher use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, especially catastrophizing, was associated with lower levels of overall face-matching performances and higher rates of false positives. All told, the current research provides new evidence concerning the important associations between emotion and cognition.

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Tibbetts, Elizabeth A., Juanita Pardo-Sanchez, Julliana Ramirez-Matias et Aurore Avarguès-Weber. « Individual recognition is associated with holistic face processing in Polistes paper wasps in a species-specific way ». Proceedings of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 288, n^o 1943 (20 janvier 2021) : 20203010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3010.

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Most recognition is based on identifying features, but specialization for face recognition in primates relies on a different mechanism, termed ‘holistic processing’ where facial features are bound together into a gestalt which is more than the sum of its parts. Here, we test whether individual face recognition in paper wasps also involved holistic processing using a modification of the classic part-whole test in two related paper wasp species: Polistes fuscatus , which use facial patterns to individually identify conspecifics, and Polistes dominula , which lacks individual recognition. We show that P. fuscatus use holistic processing to discriminate between P. fuscatus face images but not P. dominula face images. By contrast, P. dominula do not rely on holistic processing to discriminate between conspecific or heterospecific face images. Therefore, P. fuscatus wasps have evolved holistic face processing, but this ability is highly specific and shaped by species-specific and stimulus-specific selective pressures. Convergence towards holistic face processing in distant taxa (primates, wasps) as well as divergence among closely related taxa with different recognition behaviour ( P. dominula , P. fuscatus ) suggests that holistic processing may be a universal adaptive strategy to facilitate expertise in face recognition.

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Rhodes, Gillian. « Adaptive Coding and Face Recognition ». Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, n^o 3 (juin 2017) : 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417692786.

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Face adaptation generates striking face aftereffects, but is this adaptation useful? The answer appears to be yes, with several lines of evidence suggesting that it contributes to our face-recognition ability. Adaptation to face identity is reduced in a variety of clinical populations with impaired face recognition. In addition, individual differences in face adaptation are linked to face-recognition ability in typical adults. People who adapt more readily to new faces are better at recognizing faces. This link between adaptation and recognition holds for both identity and expression recognition. Adaptation updates face norms, which represent the typical or average properties of the faces we experience. By using these norms to code how faces differ from average, the visual system can make explicit the distinctive information that we need to recognize faces. Thus, adaptive norm-based coding may help us to discriminate and recognize faces despite their similarity as visual patterns.

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Marzi, Tessa, Giorgio Gronchi, Maria Teresa Turano, Fabio Giovannelli, Fiorenza Giganti, Mohamed Rebai et Maria Pia Viggiano. « Mapping the Featural and Holistic Face Processing of Bad and Good Face Recognizers ». Behavioral Sciences 11, n^o 5 (13 mai 2021) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11050075.

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Individual abilities in face recognition (good versus bad recognizers) were explored by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). The adaptation response profile of the N170 component to whole faces, eyes and mouths was used in order to highlight the crucial role of individual abilities in identity repetition processes for unfamiliar faces. The main point of this study is to underline the importance of characterizing the performance (bad or good) of the participants and to show that behaviorally selected groups might reveal neural differences. Good recognizers showed selective right hemisphere N170 repetition effects for whole faces and not for features. On the contrary, bad recognizers showed a general repetition effect not specifically related to faces and more pronounced processing for features. These findings suggest a different contribution of holistic and featural analysis in bad and good performers. In conclusion, we propose that the N170 might be used as a tool to tease apart face encoding processes as a function of individual differences.

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Wilmer, Jeremy B. « Individual Differences in Face Recognition : A Decade of Discovery ». Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, n^o 3 (juin 2017) : 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721417710693.

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Given the vital role face recognition plays in human social interaction, variations in this ability hold inherent interest and potential consequence. Yet the science of such differences has long lagged behind that of differences in other cognitive domains. In particular, although scattered case reports of catastrophic face-recognition deficits due to brain damage date back more than a century, for many decades, virtually no attention was paid to naturally occurring individual differences in face recognition. This past decade, in contrast, has seen a remarkable acceleration of research into these naturally occurring differences, spurred by the creation and validation of high-quality measures, open sharing of these measures, new options for remote testing, and a concerted move toward larger and more multivariate investigations. In this article, I recount six fundamental insights gained during the past decade about individual differences in face recognition—concerning their broad range, cognitive specificity, strong heritability, resilience to change, life-span trajectory, and practical relevance. Insights like these support a richer understanding of individual social experience and could enable more informed individual and institutional decision making.

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Royer, Jessica, Isabelle Charbonneau, Gabrielle Dugas, Valerie Plouffe, Caroline Blais et Daniel Fiset. « Individual differences in face processing ability and consistency in visual strategies ». Journal of Vision 17, n^o 10 (31 août 2017) : 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.997.

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Xu, Buyun, Joan Liu-Shuang, Bruno Rossion et James Tanaka. « Individual Differences in Face Identity Processing with Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n^o 8 (août 2017) : 1368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01126.

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A growing body of literature suggests that human individuals differ in their ability to process face identity. These findings mainly stem from explicit behavioral tasks, such as the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). However, it remains an open question whether such individual differences can be found in the absence of an explicit face identity task and when faces have to be individualized at a single glance. In the current study, we tested 49 participants with a recently developed fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) paradigm [Liu-Shuang, J., Norcia, A. M., & Rossion, B. An objective index of individual face discrimination in the right occipitotemporal cortex by means of fast periodic oddball stimulation. Neuropsychologia, 52, 57–72, 2014] in EEG to rapidly, objectively, and implicitly quantify face identity processing. In the FPVS paradigm, one face identity (A) was presented at the frequency of 6 Hz, allowing only one gaze fixation, with different face identities (B, C, D) presented every fifth face (1.2 Hz; i.e., AAAABAAAACAAAAD…). Results showed a face individuation response at 1.2 Hz and its harmonics, peaking over occipitotemporal locations. The magnitude of this response showed high reliability across different recording sequences and was significant in all but two participants, with the magnitude and lateralization differing widely across participants. There was a modest but significant correlation between the individuation response amplitude and the performance of the behavioral CFMT task, despite the fact that CFMT and FPVS measured different aspects of face identity processing. Taken together, the current study highlights the FPVS approach as a promising means for studying individual differences in face identity processing.

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Wang, Zhuoliang, et Rikuko Sekiguchi. « Individual differences of face recognition ability : Investigation by the Super-recognizer Questionnaire ». Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 84 (8 septembre 2020) : PI—001—PI—001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.84.0_pi-001.

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Childs, Michael Jeanne, Alex Jones, Peter Thwaites, Sunčica Zdravković, Craig Thorley, Atsunobu Suzuki, Rachel Shen et al. « Do individual differences in face recognition ability moderate the other ethnicity effect ? » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance 47, n^o 7 (juillet 2021) : 893–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000762.

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Susilo, Tirta, Laura Germine et Bradley Duchaine. « Face recognition ability matures late : Evidence from individual differences in young adults. » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance 39, n^o 5 (2013) : 1212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033469.

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Brenna, Viola, Valentina Proietti, Rosario Montirosso et Chiara Turati. « Positive, but not negative, facial expressions facilitate 3-month-olds’ recognition of an individual face ». International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, n^o 2 (6 novembre 2012) : 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025412465363.

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The current study examined whether and how the presence of a positive or a negative emotional expression may affect the face recognition process at 3 months of age. Using a familiarization procedure, Experiment 1 demonstrated that positive (i.e., happiness), but not negative (i.e., fear and anger) facial expressions facilitate infants’ ability to recognize an individual face. Experiment 2 showed that the advantage of positive over negative facial expressions is driven by the processing of salient features inherent in the happy expression, rather than by the processing of the configural information conveyed by the entire happy face. Overall, these results support the presence of a mutual interaction between face identity and emotion recognition.

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Moret-Tatay, Carmen, Paloma Mundi-Ricós et Tatiana Quarti Irigaray. « The Relationship between Face Processing, Cognitive and Affective Empathy ». Behavioral Sciences 13, n^o 1 (26 décembre 2022) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010021.

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This study aims to examine the relationship between affective and cognitive empathy scores and perceptual face recognition skills. A total of 18 young adults participated in the study. Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA), The eyes Test and an experimental task were carried out. The experimental task has two blocks, a presentation, and a recognition phase, under the Karolinska battery of images expressing different emotions. Cognitive empathy sub-factors were found to be related to the hit rate on the recognition of surprise faces as well as the discarding of faces of disgust. In relation to the hit rate on discarding faces of disgust, this was related to perspective taking. Reaction time and Cognitive empathy subfactors were found to be positively correlated to the recognition of disgust, surprise, and sadness. Lastly, Perspective taking was also related to the discarding of disgust reaction time in a direct way. The relationships between affective empathy and other measures for emotional face recognition were not statistically significant. Knowledge of individual differences in cognitive and affective empathy, as well as of their relationship with behavioral responses such as the recognition or dismissal of emotional faces are of interest for social interaction and in psychotherapy.

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JOSEPH, ROBERT M., KELLY EHRMAN, REBECCA MCNALLY et BRANDON KEEHN. « Affective response to eye contact and face recognition ability in children with ASD ». Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, n^o 6 (27 octobre 2008) : 947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708081344.

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AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that affective arousal in response to eye contact is negatively associated with face identification skills in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were 20 children and adolescents with ASD and 20 age- and IQ-matched typically developing (TD) children. Skin conductance response (SCR), a psychophysiological measure of autonomic arousal, was collected while participants viewed faces with gaze directed toward them and faces with gaze averted away from them. Participants also completed an independent match-to-sample face recognition test. Children with ASD exhibited significantly larger SCRs than TD children to faces with direct and averted gaze. There were no differences between SCRs to direct gaze and averted gaze in either group. Children with ASD exhibited a marginally significant decrease in face recognition accuracy relative to TD children, particularly when face recognition depended on the eye region of the face. Face recognition accuracy among children with ASD was negatively correlated with the amplitude of SCRs to direct gaze but not to averted gaze. There was no association between face recognition accuracy and SCRs to gaze in the TD group. These findings suggest that autonomic reactivity to eye contact may interfere with face identity processing in some children with ASD. (JINS, 2008, 14, 947–955.)

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Corden, Ben, Hugo D. Critchley, David Skuse et Raymond J. Dolan. « Fear Recognition Ability Predicts Differences in Social Cognitive and Neural Functioning in Men ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, n^o 6 (juin 2006) : 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.6.889.

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By testing the facial fear-recognition ability of 341 men in the general population, we show that 8.8% have deficits akin to those seen with acquired amygdala damage. Using psychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we tested the hypothesis that poor fear recognition would predict deficits in other domains of social cognition and, in response to socially relevant stimuli, abnormal activation in brain regions that putatively reflect engagement of the “social brain.” On tests of “theory of mind” ability, 25 “low fear scorers” (LFS) performed significantly worse than 25 age- and IQ-matched “normal (good) fear scorers” (NFS). In fMRI, we compared evoked activity during a gender judgement task to neutral faces portraying different head and eye gaze orientations in 12 NFS and 12 LFS subjects. Despite identical between-group accuracy in gender discrimination, LFS demonstrated significantly reduced activation in amygdala, fusiform gyrus, and anterior superior temporal cortices when viewing faces with direct versus averted gaze. In a functional connectivity analysis, NFS show enhanced connectivity between the amygdala and anterior temporal cortex in the context of direct gaze; this enhanced coupling is absent in LFS. We suggest that important individual differences in social cognitive skills are expressed within the healthy male population, which appear to have a basis in a compromised neural system that underpins social information processing.

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Rotshtein, Pia, Joy J. Geng, Jon Driver et Raymond J. Dolan. « Role of Features and Second-order Spatial Relations in Face Discrimination, Face Recognition, and Individual Face Skills : Behavioral and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, n^o 9 (septembre 2007) : 1435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.9.1435.

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We compared the contribution of featural information and second-order spatial relations (spacing between features) in face processing. A fully factorial design has the same or different “features” (eyes, mouth, and nose) across two successive displays, whereas, orthogonally, the second-order spatial relations between those features were the same or different. The range of such changes matched the possibilities within the population of natural face images. Behaviorally, we found that judging whether two successive faces depicted the same person was dominated by features, although second-order spatial relations also contributed. This influence of spatial relations correlated, for individual subjects, with their skill at recognition of faces (as famous, or as previously exposed) in separate behavioral tests. Using the same repetition design in functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found feature-dependent effects in the lateral occipital and right fusiform regions. In addition, there were spatial relation effects in the bilateral inferior occipital gyrus and right fusiform that correlated with individual differences in (separately measured) behavioral sensitivity to those changes. The results suggest that featural and second-order spatial relation aspects of faces make distinct contributions to behavioral discrimination and recognition, with features contributing most to face discrimination and second-order spatial relational aspects correlating best with recognition skills. Distinct neural responses to these aspects were found with functional magnetic resonance imaging, particularly when individual skills were taken into account for the impact of second-order spatial relations.

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Parkington, Karisa. « Neurodiversity in Gaze Patterns and Face Recognition : Individual Differences in Autistic Face Processing Fall Along the Continuum of Neurotypical Heterogeneity ». Journal of Vision 22, n^o 14 (5 décembre 2022) : 4478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.22.14.4478.

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M H, Assyakirin, Shafriza Nisha B, Haniza Y, Fathinul Syahir A S et Muhammad Juhairi A S. « Modelling of Facial Images for Analysis of Recognition System ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2107, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2107/1/012041.

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Abstract Face recognition is categorized as a biometric technology that employs the use of computer ability in image processing to detect and recognize human faces. Face recognition system has numerous applications for many purposes such as for access control, law enforcement and surveillance thus this system is dominant in present technology. Generally, face recognition system become more advance in term of the accuracy and implementation. However, there are a few parameters that effects the accuracy of recognition system for examples, the pose invariant, illumination effect, size of image and noise tolerance. Even though there are a number of systems were already available in the literature, the complete understanding of their performances are relatively limited. This is due to many systems focused on a narrow application band – therefore, a comprehensive analysis are needed in order to understand their performances leading to establishing the conditions for successful face recognition system. In this paper we developed a synthetic model to represent facial images to be used as a platform for performance analysis of facial recognition systems. The model includes 5 face types with the ability to vary all parameters that are affecting recognition performance – measurement noise, face size and face-background intensity differences. The model is important as it provide an avenue for performance analysis of facial recognition systems.

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Estudillo, Alejandro J., et Hoo Keat Wong. « Associations between self-reported and objective face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers ». PeerJ 9 (11 janvier 2021) : e10629. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10629.

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The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

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Estudillo, Alejandro J., et Hoo Keat Wong. « Associations between self-reported and objective face recognition abilities are only evident in above- and below-average recognisers ». PeerJ 9 (11 janvier 2021) : e10629. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10629.

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The 20-Item Prosopagnosia Items (PI-20) was recently introduced as a self-report measure of face recognition abilities and as an instrument to help the diagnosis of prosopagnosia. In general, studies using this questionnaire have shown that observers have moderate to strong insights into their face recognition abilities. However, it remains unknown whether these insights are equivalent for the whole range of face recognition abilities. The present study investigates this issue using the Mandarin version of the PI-20 and the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese (CFMT-Chinese). Our results showed a moderate negative association between the PI-20 and the CFMT-Chinese. However, this association was driven by people with low and high face recognition ability, but absent in people within the typical range of face recognition performance. The implications of these results for the study of individual differences and the diagnosis of prosopagnosia are discussed.

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McGugin, Rankin W., et Isabel Gauthier. « The reliability of individual differences in face-selective responses in the fusiform gyrus and their relation to face recognition ability ». Brain Imaging and Behavior 10, n^o 3 (9 novembre 2015) : 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11682-015-9467-4.

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Ku, Bon D., et Go Un Kim. « A patient with persistent prosopagnosia after right posterior cerebral artery territorial infarction ». Neurology Asia 27, n^o 3 (septembre 2022) : 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54029/2022rtu.

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Prosopagnosia is a specific form of visual agnosia that impairs the ability to recognise familiar faces. Prosopagnosia is typically considered for bilateral ventro-occipitotemporal lesions involving the fusiform face area. A 72-year-old right-handed woman presented with persistent inability to recognise familiar faces after cerebral infarction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated infarction in the right medial occipital lobe, including the lingual and fusiform gyri. She showed decreased facial recognition abilities in a face recognition test consisting of famous Koreans. This case suggests that there can be individual-specific degrees of hemispheric dominance for face processing, and unilateral right occipitotemporal lesion is sufficient to produce persistent prosopagnosia.

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Nwaocha, Vivian, Ayodele Oloyede, Deborah Ogunlana, Michael Adegoke et F. N. Ugwoke. « AN ADOPTION OF 2D-PCA/ICA BASED POST-PROCESSING DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION ALGORITHM FOR FACIAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM ». Caleb International Journal of Development Studies 3, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2020) : 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26772/cijds-2020-03-02-013.

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Face images undergo considerable amount of variations in pose, facial expression and illumination condition. This large variation in facial appearances of the same individual makes most Existing Face Recognition Systems (E-FRS) lack strong discrimination ability and timely inefficient for face representation due to holistic feature extraction technique used. In this paper, a novel face recognition framework, which is an extension of the standard (PCA) and (ICA) denoted as two-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2D-PCA) and two-dimensional Independent Component Analysis (2D-ICA) respectively is proposed. The choice of 2D was advantageous as image covariance matrix can be constructed directly using original image matrices. The face images used in this study were acquired from the publicly available ORL and AR Face database. The features belonging to similar class were grouped and correlation calculated in the same order. Each technique was decomposed into different components by employing multi-dimensional grouped empirical mode decomposition using Gaussian function. The nearest neighbor (NN) classifier is used for classification. The results of evaluation showed that the 2D-PCA method using ORL database produced RA of 92.5%, PCA produced RA of 75.00%, ICA produced RA of 77.5%, 2D-ICA produced RA of 96.00%. However, 2D-PCA methods using AR database produced RA of 73.56%, PCA produced RA of 62.41%, ICA produced RA of 66.20%, 2D-ICA method produced RA of 77.45%. This study revealed that the developed face recognition framework algorithm achieves an improvement of 18.5% and 11.25% for the ORL and AR databases respectively as against PCA and ICA feature extraction techniques. Keywords: computer vision, dimensionality reduction techniques, face recognition, pattern recognition

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Gallup, Gordon G., et Steven M. Platek. « Self-Processing and Self-Face Reaction Time Latencies : A Review ». Brain Sciences 11, n^o 11 (26 octobre 2021) : 1409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111409.

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In this article, we detail the advantages of self-face identification latencies over more traditional tests of mirror self-recognition. Using reaction time latencies (measured in milliseconds) to identify different dimensions of the self, instead of relying on a simple dichotomous pass/fail mirror mark-test outcome, enables investigators to examine individual differences in self-processing time. This is a significant methodological step forward with important implications. The point of departure for our article is to detail research we and others have conducted on latencies for self-face identification, to show how self-processing occurs in the right side of the brain, how schizophrenia is a self-processing disorder, how self-face reaction time latencies implicate the existence of an underlying multiple modal self-processing system, and to explore ideas for future research.

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Wang, Panqu, Isabel Gauthier et Garrison Cottrell. « Are Face and Object Recognition Independent ? A Neurocomputational Modeling Exploration ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, n^o 4 (avril 2016) : 558–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00919.

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Are face and object recognition abilities independent? Although it is commonly believed that they are, Gauthier et al. [Gauthier, I., McGugin, R. W., Richler, J. J., Herzmann, G., Speegle, M., & VanGulick, A. E. Experience moderates overlap between object and face recognition, suggesting a common ability. Journal of Vision, 14, 7, 2014] recently showed that these abilities become more correlated as experience with nonface categories increases. They argued that there is a single underlying visual ability, v, that is expressed in performance with both face and nonface categories as experience grows. Using the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Vanderbilt Expertise Test, they showed that the shared variance between Cambridge Face Memory Test and Vanderbilt Expertise Test performance increases monotonically as experience increases. Here, we address why a shared resource across different visual domains does not lead to competition and to an inverse correlation in abilities? We explain this conundrum using our neurocomputational model of face and object processing [“The Model”, TM, Cottrell, G. W., & Hsiao, J. H. Neurocomputational models of face processing. In A. J. Calder, G. Rhodes, M. Johnson, & J. Haxby (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of face perception. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011]. We model the domain general ability v as the available computational resources (number of hidden units) in the mapping from input to label and experience as the frequency of individual exemplars in an object category appearing during network training. Our results show that, as in the behavioral data, the correlation between subordinate level face and object recognition accuracy increases as experience grows. We suggest that different domains do not compete for resources because the relevant features are shared between faces and objects. The essential power of experience is to generate a “spreading transform” for faces (separating them in representational space) that generalizes to objects that must be individuated. Interestingly, when the task of the network is basic level categorization, no increase in the correlation between domains is observed. Hence, our model predicts that it is the type of experience that matters and that the source of the correlation is in the fusiform face area, rather than in cortical areas that subserve basic level categorization. This result is consistent with our previous modeling elucidating why the FFA is recruited for novel domains of expertise [Tong, M. H., Joyce, C. A., & Cottrell, G. W. Why is the fusiform face area recruited for novel categories of expertise? A neurocomputational investigation. Brain Research, 1202, 14–24, 2008].

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Simon, Jeremy C., et Jennifer N. Gutsell. « Recognizing humanity : dehumanization predicts neural mirroring and empathic accuracy in face-to-face interactions ». Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, n^o 5 (30 janvier 2021) : 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab014.

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Abstract Dehumanization is the failure to recognize the cognitive and emotional complexities of the people around us. While its presence has been well documented in horrific acts of violence, it is also theorized to play a role in everyday life. We measured its presence and effects in face-to-face dyadic interactions between strangers and found that not only was there variance in the extent to which they perceived one another as human, but this variance predicted neural processing and behavior. Specifically, participants showed stronger neural mirroring, indexed by electroencephalography (EEG) mu-suppression, in response to partners they evaluated as more human, suggesting their brains neurally simulated those targets’ actions more. Participants were also marginally more empathically accurate about the emotions of partners deemed more human and performed better with them on a cooperative task. These results suggest that there are indeed differences in our recognition of the humanity of people we meet—demonstrated for the first time in a real, face-to-face interaction—and that this mundane variation affects our ability to neurally simulate, cooperate and empathize.

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Anderson, Ian M., Clare Shippen, Gabriella Juhasz, Diana Chase, Emma Thomas, Darragh Downey, Zoltan G. Toth, Kathryn Lloyd-Williams, Rebecca Elliott et J. F. William Deakin. « State-dependent alteration in face emotion recognition in depression ». British Journal of Psychiatry 198, n^o 4 (avril 2011) : 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078139.

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BackgroundNegative biases in emotional processing are well recognised in people who are currently depressed but are less well described in those with a history of depression, where such biases may contribute to vulnerability to relapse.AimsTo compare accuracy, discrimination and bias in face emotion recognition in those with current and remitted depression.MethodThe sample comprised a control group (n = 101), a currently depressed group (n = 30) and a remitted depression group (n = 99). Participants provided valid data after receiving a computerised face emotion recognition task following standardised assessment of diagnosis and mood symptoms.ResultsIn the control group women were more accurate in recognising emotions than men owing to greater discrimination. Among participants with depression, those in remission correctly identified more emotions than controls owing to increased response bias, whereas those currently depressed recognised fewer emotions owing to decreased discrimination. These effects were most marked for anger, fear and sadness but there was no significant emotion × group interaction, and a similar pattern tended to be seen for happiness although not for surprise or disgust. These differences were confined to participants who were antidepressant-free, with those taking antidepressants having similar results to the control group.ConclusionsAbnormalities in face emotion recognition differ between people with current depression and those in remission. Reduced discrimination in depressed participants may reflect withdrawal from the emotions of others, whereas the increased bias in those with a history of depression could contribute to vulnerability to relapse. The normal face emotion recognition seen in those taking medication may relate to the known effects of antidepressants on emotional processing and could contribute to their ability to protect against depressive relapse.

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Zhao, Qi, Hui He, Huang Gu, Junfeng Zhao, Peilian Chi et Xiaoming Li. « Facial Expression Processing of Children Orphaned by Parental HIV/AIDS : A Cross-Sectional ERP Study with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 19 (23 septembre 2021) : 9995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199995.

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Existing behavioral studies have suggested that individuals with early life stress usually show abnormal emotional processing. However, limited event-related brain potentials (ERPs) evidence was available to explore the emotional processes in children orphaned by parental HIV/AIDS (“AIDS orphans”). The current study aims to investigate whether there are behavioral and neurological obstacles in the recognition of emotional faces in AIDS orphans and also to further explore the processing stage at which the difference in facial emotion recognition exists. A total of 81 AIDS orphans and 60 non-orphan children were recruited through the local communities and school systems in Henan, China. Participants completed a computer version of the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task while recording ERPs. Behavioral results showed that orphans displayed higher response accuracy and shorter reaction time than the control (ps < 0.05). As for the ERPs analysis, the attenuated amplitude of N170 (i.e., an early component sensitive to facial configuration) was observed in AIDS orphans compared to the non-orphan control with happy and neutral faces; P300 (i.e., an endogenous component for affective valence evaluation in emotional processing) also showed significant differences in parietal lobe between groups, the non-orphan control group produced larger P300 amplitudes than orphans (p < 0.05). The results suggested that compared to the control group, AIDS orphans showed impaired facial emotion recognition ability with reduced brain activation.

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Kong, Yueping, Xinyuan Li, Guangye Hao et Chu Liu. « Face Anti-Spoofing Method Based on Residual Network with Channel Attention Mechanism ». Electronics 11, n^o 19 (25 septembre 2022) : 3056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193056.

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The face recognition system is vulnerable to spoofing attacks by photos or videos of a valid user face. However, edge degradation and texture blurring occur when non-living face images are used to attack the face recognition system. With this in mind, a novel face anti-spoofing method combines the residual network and the channel attention mechanism. In our method, the residual network extracts the texture differences of features between face images. In contrast, the attention mechanism focuses on the differences of shadow and edge features located on nasal and cheek areas between living and non-living face images. It can assign weights to different filter features of the face image and enhance the ability of network extraction and expression of different key features in the nasal and cheek regions, improving detection accuracy. The experiments were performed on the public face anti-spoofing datasets of Replay-Attack and CASIA-FASD. We found the best value of the parameter r suitable for face anti-spoofing research is 16, and the accuracy of the method is 99.98% and 97.75%, respectively. Furthermore, to enhance the robustness of the method to illumination changes, the experiment was also performed on the datasets with light changes and achieved a good result.

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Estudillo, Alejandro J. « Self-reported face recognition abilities for own and other-race faces ». Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, n^o 2 (6 avril 2021) : 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-06-2020-0025.

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Purpose The other-race effect shows that people are better recognizing faces from their own-race compared to other-race faces. This effect can have dramatic consequences in applied scenarios whereby face identification is paramount, such as eyewitness identification. This paper aims to investigate whether observers have insights into their ability to recognize other-race faces. Design/methodology/approach Chinese ethnic observers performed objective measures of own- and other-race face recognition – the Cambridge Face Memory Test Chinese and the Cambridge Face Memory Test original; the PI20 – a 20-items self-reported measured of general face recognition abilities; and the ORE20 – a new developed 20-items self-reported measure of other-race face recognition. Findings Recognition of own-race faces was better compared to other-race faces. This effect was also evident at a phenomenological level, as observers reported to be worse recognizing other-race faces compared to own-race faces. Additionally, although a moderate correlation was found between own-race face recognition abilities and the PI20, individual differences in the recognition of other-race faces was only poorly associated with observers’ scores in the ORE20. Research limitations/implications These results suggest that observers’ insights to recognize faces are more consistent and reliable for own-race faces. Practical implications Self-reported measures of other-race recognition could produce misleading results. Thus, when evaluating eyewitness’ accuracy identifying other-race faces, objective measures should be used. Originality/value In contrast to own race recognition, people have very limited insights into their recognition abilities for other race faces.

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Liu, Shanshan, Yuan Jia, Sisi Zheng, Sitong Feng, Hong Zhu, Rui Wang et Hongxiao Jia. « An Experimental Study of Subliminal Self-Face Processing in Depersonalization–Derealization Disorder ». Brain Sciences 12, n^o 12 (22 novembre 2022) : 1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121598.

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The self-perception or self-experience of patients with depersonalization/derealization disorder (DPD) is altered, leading to a profound disruption in self-awareness. The main aim of the study is to explore the characteristics of subliminal self-face processing in DPD patients. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental study that has measured and evaluated subliminal self-processing in DPD. To better understand this, we examined the ability of patients with DPD and healthy controls (HC) to identify pictures of faces using an experimental paradigm of breaking continuous flash suppression. There were 23 DPD outpatients from Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University and 23 matched HC who participated in this experiment. The time needed for a face to break into awareness was taken as the measure of participants’ subliminal processing of that face. The results indicated that there were significant differences between the DPD patients and HC in subliminal reaction times to different faces. Under experimental conditions, the average reaction response of self-face recognition in the HC group was significantly faster than for a famous face. However, this difference was not observed in DPD patients, which means that DPD patients did not show the processing advantage of their own faces as did the HC. The results suggest a deficit in subliminal self-face processing in DPD.

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Eastwood, Andrew PR, Ian S. Penton-Voak, Marcus R. Munafò et Angela S. Attwood. « Effects of acute alcohol consumption on emotion recognition in high and low trait aggressive drinkers ». Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, n^o 11 (29 mai 2020) : 1226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120922951.

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Background: Research suggests that acute alcohol consumption impairs processing of emotional faces. As emotion processing plays a key role in effective social interaction, these impairments may be one mechanism by which alcohol changes social behaviour. This study investigated the effect of individual differences on this relationship by comparing emotion recognition performance after acute alcohol consumption in individuals with high and low trait aggression. Methods: Regular non-dependent drinkers, either high or low in trait aggression participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment ( N = 88, 50% high trait aggressive). Participants attended two sessions. In one they consumed an alcoholic drink (0.4 g/kg) and in the other they consumed a matched placebo. They then completed two computer-based tasks: one measured global and emotion-specific recognition performance across six primary emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, disgust, fear, surprise), the other measured processing bias of two ambiguously expressive faces (happy–angry/happy–sad). Results: There was evidence of poorer global emotion recognition after alcohol. In addition, there was evidence of poorer sensitivity to sadness and fear after alcohol. There was also evidence for a reduced bias towards happiness following alcohol and weak evidence for an increased bias towards sadness. Conclusions: These findings suggest that alcohol impairs global emotion recognition. They also highlight a reduced ability to detect sadness and fearful facial expressions. As sadness and fear are cues of submission and distress (i.e. function to curtail aggression), failure to successfully detect these emotions when intoxicated may increase the likelihood of aggressive responding. This coupled with a reduced bias towards seeing happiness may collectively contribute to aggressive behaviour.

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Engfors, Laura, Romina Palermo et Linda Jeffery. « Size doesn't matter. It's the quality of people's social networks that predicts individual differences in face recognition ability. » Journal of Vision 18, n^o 10 (1 septembre 2018) : 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/18.10.937.

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Gavrilescu, Mihai. « Study on using individual differences in facial expressions for a face recognition system immune to spoofing attacks ». IET Biometrics 5, n^o 3 (septembre 2016) : 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2015.0078.

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Lahera, G., E. Herrería, S. Ruiz-Murugarren, C. Ruiz-Bennásar, P. Iglesias, A. Fernández-Liria et J. M. Montes. « Association Between Olfactory Identification and Face Emotion Recognition in Euthymic Bipolar Patients ». European Psychiatry 24, S1 (janvier 2009) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70817-x.

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Introduction:The close anatomical and functional connection between the orbitofrontal cortex and olfactory processing suggests that emotion regulation and olfactory identification could be associated. Smell identification deficit (SID) is common in adult schizophrenia, but it has been less studied in bipolar patients, who also show a significant degree of social disadvantage.Methods:A sample of 27 euthymic bipolar patients were recluted. Euthymia was defined as YMRS < 6 and HDRS < 8, during a 3-month period. Patients were assessed with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), Face Recognition Test and a verbal Theory of Mind test (Faux Pas Test), in order to examine the association between olfactory identification ability and social cognition domains.Results:According to the hypothesis, olfactory identification was positively correlated with Face Emotion Recognition (Pearson, p = 0.007) and verbal Theory of Mind (Pearson, p=0.030). Smell identification was similar in smoker (15/27) and non-smoker subgroup of the sample (U Mann Whitney; p = n.s). No differences were neither found between male (14/27) and female subgroup (U; p = n.s).Conclusion:Olfactory identification and social cognition (specially, face emotion recognition) appear to represent two correlated traits in bipolar disorder, suggesting a possible common neural substrate.

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R., Vijaya Kumar H., et M. Mathivanan. « A novel hybrid face recognition framework based on a low-resolution camera for biometric applications ». Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, n^o 2 (1 novembre 2021) : 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i2.pp853-863.

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In research work, human face recognition is an essential biometric symbol persistently continued so far due to its different levels of applications in society. Since the appearance of the human faces can have many variations due to issues like the effect of illumination, expression and face pose. These differences are correlated with one another, which results in a helpless ability to recognize a particular person's face. The motivation behind our work in this paper is to give a new framework for face recognition based on frequency analysis that contributes to solving the distinguishing proof issues with enormous varieties of boundaries like the effect of illumination, expression, and face pose. Here three algorithms combined for provable results: i) Difference of Gaussian filtered discrete wavelet transform (DDWT) for feature extraction; ii) Log Gabor (LG) filter for feature extraction; and iv) Multiclass support vector machine classifier, where feature coefficients of DDWT and LG filter are fused for classification and parameters evaluation. The evaluation of our experiment is carried out on a large database consisting of 15 persons of each 200-face image which are captured using a 5-megapixel low-resolution web camera and yielding satisfactory results on various parameters compared to existing methods.

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Grabman, Jesse H., et Chad S. Dodson. « Stark individual differences : Face recognition ability influences the relationship between confidence and accuracy in a recognition test of Game of Thrones actors. » Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 9, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101848.

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Grabman, Jesse H., et Chad S. Dodson. « Stark Individual Differences : Face Recognition Ability Influences the Relationship Between Confidence and Accuracy in a Recognition Test of Game of Thrones Actors ». Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 9, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2020.02.007.

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Clerc, Olivier, Mathilde Fort, Gudrun Schwarzer, Anna Krasotkina, Anne Vilain, David Méary, Hélène Lœvenbruck et Olivier Pascalis. « Can language modulate perceptual narrowing for faces ? Other-race face recognition in infants is modulated by language experience ». International Journal of Behavioral Development 46, n^o 2 (26 octobre 2021) : 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01650254211053054.

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Between 6 and 9 months, while infant’s ability to discriminate faces within their own racial group is maintained, discrimination of faces within other-race groups declines to a point where 9-month-old infants fail to discriminate other-race faces. Such face perception narrowing can be overcome in various ways at 9 or 12 months of age, such as presenting faces with emotional expressions. Can language itself modulate face narrowing? Many adult studies suggest that language has an impact on the recognition of individuals. For example, adults remember faces previously paired with their native language more accurately than faces paired with a non-native language. We have previously found that from 9 months of age, own-race faces associated with the native language can be learned and recognized whereas own-race faces associated with a non-native language cannot. Based on the language familiarity effect, we hypothesized that the native language could restore recognition of other-race faces after perceptual narrowing has happened. We tested 9- and 12-month-old Caucasian infants. During a familiarization phase, infants were shown still photographs of an Asian face while audio was played either in the native or in the non-native language. Immediately after the familiarization, the familiar face and a novel one were displayed side-by-side for the recognition test. We compared the proportional looking time to the new face to the chance level. Both 9- and 12-month-old infants exhibited recognition memory for the other-race face when familiarized with non-native speech, but not with their native speech. Native language did not facilitate recognition of other-race faces after 9 months of age but a non-native language did, suggesting that 9- and 12-month-olds already have expectations about which language an individual should talk (or at least not talk). Our results confirm the strong links between face and speech processing during infancy.

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