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1
Bracken, Katherine Emma. « The control of prostaglandin F2a in the guinea pig uterus ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29436.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) secretion is lowest at mid-cycle and highest on day 15 at luteolysis in the cycling guinea pig uterus, and is inversely related to serum progesterone levels. An increase in 17- oestradiol (E2) occurs towards the end of the cycle. The guinea pig cDNAs for cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) which catabolises PGF2, and a fragment of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) were cloned. The effect of steroids on uterine PGF2 metabolism in endometrial primary cultures was investigated. COX-2 mRNA expression is correlated to PGF2 secretion. In epithelial cells steroid-modulated changes were observed; the addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to E2-primed cells led to a decrease, and the addition of E2 to MPA-primed cells to an increase, in COX-2 mRNA expression and PGF2 secretion. In contrast, steroid-modulated changes in PGDH transcripts were observed in stromal cells, and were upregulated by the addition of MPA to E2-primed cells. COX-1 transcripts were low and unaffected by treatment in both cell types. The in vitro observations were in keeping with the secretory profile seen in vivo in the cycling guinea pig uterus and suggest a differential role for the uterine stroma and epithelium, the former acting to remove (via PGDH), and the latter to produce (via COX-2) biologically active prostaglandin.;PGDH, COX-2 and COX-1 mRNA and protein expression were also analysed in uterine sections of the cycle and pregnancy. COX-1 mRNA expression was present during the cycle and pregnancy, and upregulated during late pregnancy. COX-1 protein was localised to the whole uterus except during early pregnancy. COX-2 mRNA was detected only at luteolysis. During pregnancy PGDH mRNA was expressed as a layer around the foetus, initially in the endometrial stroma (day 15) and later the luminal epithelium (day 50), providing a barrier between foetally derived PGs and the myometrium. The in vivo results confirmed the in vitro findings and indicate that COX-2 is responsible for the rise in uterine PG output seen during the cycle, and COX-1 during pregnancy.
2
Münster, Achim. « Einfluss von Prostaglandin F2a auf die Fruchtbarkeitsparameter weiblicher und männlicher Schweine / ». Kiel : Selbstverl. des Inst. für Tierzucht und Tierhaltung der Christian-Albrechts-Univ. zu Kiel, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017645570&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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3
Kaptari, L. P., A. Yu Umnikov et Burkhard Kämpfer. « Nuclear structure funktion F2A:Moments Mn(F2A) and kinematics beyond x=1 ». Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-32553.
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4
Kaptari, L. P., A. Yu Umnikov et Burkhard Kämpfer. « Nuclear structure funktion F2A:Moments Mn(F2A) and kinematics beyond x=1 ». Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1992. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22082.
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Şirin, Burcu Delibaş Namık. « MCI ve alzheimer hastalarında F2a izoprostan ve melatonin seviyelerinin bilişsel durumla ilişkisi / ». Isparta : SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi, 2006. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00273.pdf.
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6
CHISCI, ELISA. « Investigating cytoprotective molecular mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress stimuli by using newly developed multi-cistronic genetic tools ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lo stress ossidativo è una causa ricorrente di danno durante l’infiammazione associata al danno da ischemia-riperfusione (I/R). E’ noto che il pathway purinergico abbia un ruolo chiave nel contesto di I/R. Durante il processo di I/R, infatti, l'ATP e l'ADP extracellulari si accumulano nei siti di lesione promuovendo risposte pro-infiammatorie e pro-trombotiche in cellule vascolari e immunitarie. I livelli extracellulari dei nucleotidi adeninici sono principalmente modulati dall'ectonucleoside trifosfato difosfidridrasi 1 (ENTPD1) e dall'ecto-5-nucleotidasi (E5NT), le cui attività enzimatiche combinate trasformano l'ATP in adenosina, una molecola anti-infiammatoria. Inoltre, l'eme ossigenasi-1 (HO-1) ha acquisito molta attenzione nel contesto dell'I/R e del trapianto grazie al suo ruolo nel contrastare la risposta infiammatoria e l'apoptosi e agli effetti vasodilatatori, antiossidanti e anti-infiammatori mediati dai suoi cataboliti, monossido di carbonio e bilirubina. Diverse applicazioni biomediche, ad esempio lo xenotrapianto, richiedono molteplici modificazioni genetiche dei sistemi eucariotici per garantire successo come applicazioni cliniche. I progressi nelle tecnologie di ingegneria genetica hanno portato allo sviluppo di efficienti vettori policistronici basati sull'utilizzo del peptide virale 2A. Il nostro gruppo ha sviluppato un sistema multicistronico basato sul peptide F2A per valutare gli effetti funzionali della co-espressione delle tre proteine anti-infiammatorie, HO-1, E5NT e ENTPD1. Il plasmide tricistronico p2A è in grado di guidare efficientemente l'espressione simultanea dei tre geni nelle cellule HEK293T. Inoltre, tali proteine esogene hanno mostrato attività enzimatiche rilevanti, rendendo il costrutto tricistronico uno strumento efficace e ottimale per testare gli effetti protettivi combinati di HO1, E5NT e ENTPD1 contro l'infiammazione e le lesioni da stress ossidativo. Pertanto, abbiamo valutato la potenziale protezione mediata da questa nuova combinazione di geni nelle cellule NIH3T3 esposte a TNF-α, una citochina pro-infiammatoria coinvolta nella risposta infiammatoria durante l'I/R. Le cellule NIH3T3 transfettate stabilmente con una versione aggiornata del plasmide tricistronico (pCX-TRI-2A) hanno mostrato un effetto citoprotettivo sinergico contro il danno e la morte cellulare indotti da TNF-α e questa protezione può essere almeno in parte spiegata dall'induzione di un fenotipo di sopravvivenza in queste cellule. Poiché sono stati ottenuti risultati incoraggianti nel nostro modello in vitro, la cassetta tricistronica è stata utilizzata per la produzione di un modello di topo multi-transgenico. Sono state prodotte tre linee transgeniche che esprimono le due ectonucleotidasi enzimaticamente attive in diversi tessuti. Abbiamo infine valutato se la co-espressione delle due ectonucleotidasi vascolari, protegga dallo stress ossidativo indotto da H2O2 in vitro. A tale scopo, abbiamo assemblato un plasmide dicistronico (pCX-DI-2A) e trasfettato stabilmente cellule endoteliali iliache porcine (PIEC). Tali cellule esprimono simultaneamente le due proteine che vengono processate correttamente e presentano un’azione sinergica che comporta una riduzione della produzione di ROS, citotossicità e apoptosi indotte da H2O2. È interessante notare che il fenotipo citoprotettivo osservato nelle cellule trasfettate con pCX-DI-2A è associato ad una maggiore attività detossificante della catalasi e ad una maggiore attivazione delle molecole dei signaling pathways Akt, ERK1/2 e p38 MAPK. Nel complesso, il nostro lavoro aggiunge nuove conoscenze alla comprensione dell'effetto anti-infiammatorio e anti-ossidativo mediato da una nuova combinazione di tre geni umani e costituisce una dimostrazione preliminare per poter testare questa nuova combinazione in modelli pre-clinici rilevanti per lo studio dell'I/R e delle malattie su base infiammatoria, come trapianto e aterosclerosi.Oxidative stress is a major and recurring cause of damage during inflammation, as following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Increasing evidences report purinergic signaling as a key pathway in inflammation and IRI settings. Indeed, following IRI, extracellular ATP and ADP accumulate in the sites of injury leading to pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses on vascular and immune cells. The extracellular levels of adenine nucleotides are mainly modulated by the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1) and ecto-5-nucleotidase (E5NT), whose combined enzymatic activities convert ATP into adenosine, an anti-inflammatory molecule. On the other hand, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gained much attention in the context of IRI and transplantation because of its role in down-regulating inflammatory response and apoptosis and the well-known vasodilatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of its catabolites, carbon monoxide and bilirubin. Several biomedical applications, such as xenotransplantation, require multiple genetic modifications in eukaryotic cells to ensure a successful outcome. Advances in genetic engineering technologies have led to the development of efficient polycistronic vectors based on the use of the 2A self-processing oligopeptide. We developed an F2A-based multicistronic system to evaluate functional effects of co-expression of the three anti-inflammatory proteins, HO-1, E5NT and ENTPD1. The novel tricistronic p2A plasmid we designed and produced was able to efficiently drive simultaneous expression of the three genes in HEK293T cells. All the exogenously overexpressed proteins possessed relevant enzymatic activities and the tricistronic p2A construct resulted to be effective and optimal to test the combined protective effects of HO1, E5NT and ENTPD1 against inflammation and oxidative stress injury. Thus, we evaluated the potential protection mediated by this new combination of genes in NIH3T3 cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as a key pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory response during IRI. NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with an updated tricistronic plasmid (pCX-TRI-2A) showed a synergic cytoprotective effect against TNF-α-induced injury and cell death and this protection may be at least in part explained by the induction of a pro-survival phenotype in these cells. Since encouraging results were obtained in our in vitro model, the tricistronic cassette was used for the production of a multi-gene transgenic mouse model for the over-expression of hHO1, hE5NT and hENTPD1. Three transgenic mouse strains were produced and the proper enzymatic activity of the two ectonucleotidases was observed in different tissues of the mouse strains. We furthermore investigated whether the co-expression of the two main vascular ectonucleotidases, might protect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro. To this purpose, we assembled a dicistronic plasmid (pCX-DI-2A) for the co-expression of hE5NT and hENTPD1. pCX-DI-2A-transfected porcine iliac endothelial cells (PIEC) simultaneously overexpressed and correctly processed the two human proteins and such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 and a concomitant reduction of H2O2-induced ROS production, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Interestingly, we showed that the cytoprotective phenotype observed in pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells was associated with higher detoxifying activity of catalase as well as increased activation of the survival signaling molecules Akt, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. Overall, our work add new insights to the understanding of the anti-inflammatory effect and the ability to counteract oxidative stress mediated by a novel combination of the three human genes and constitute a proof of concept for testing this new genetic combination in pre-clinical models relevant for the study of IRI and inflammatory-based diseases, as transplantation and atherosclerosis.
7
Fairnie, Ian James. « The effects of prostaglandin F2a on the fertility of artificially inseminated merino ewes ». Thesis, Fairnie, Ian James (1985) The effects of prostaglandin F2a on the fertility of artificially inseminated merino ewes. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1985. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/53182/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Artificial insemination (AI) of sheep is a technique being adopted by an increasing number of sheep breeders in Australia and a system to synchronise ovulation should make the technique more efficient. The discovery of the luteolytic activity of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and its analogues in the early 1970's lead to experiments which evaluated the potential of PGF2a to regulate the oestrous cycle of sheep.
This thesis presents the results of a number of field and laboratory studies which examined various aspects of the fertility of parous Merino ewes after treatments with one of the analogues of PGF Cloprostenol. The studies involved treating ewes with two injections of Cloprostenol, spaced either eight, 11 or 14 days apart, with the first treatment always given 4 to 14 days following detection of behavioural 2a’ oestrus.
While nearly all ewes ovulated following treatments, a variable number were detected in behavioural oestrus in the period up to 64 hours following the second treatment. There was also some variability in the time of onset of oestrus between treatments with the results indicating earlier onset of oestrus in ewes treated twice 8 days apart than those treated twice at longer intervals.
Some ewes were artificially inseminated (under the same conditions as practiced commercially in Australia) and their fertility, as measured by fertilisation, embryo survival or lambing rates, was usually poorest in ewes treated twice with Cloprostenol 8 days apart.
It was postulated that the shortened luteal phase of the oestrous cycle due to its interruption with Cloprostenol was the cause of these effects and that exogenous progesterone might overcome the infertility demonstrated. Although increasing the length of time between the second treatment of Cloprostenol and the onset of oestrus, no other change could be demonstrated in ewes treated with progesterone prior to the second Cloprostenol treatment.
A review of the literature suggested that poor sperm transport within the ewe may result from PGF2a treatments, but this could not be demonstrated in experiments conducted under the field conditions of normal AI programmes.
It was concluded that Cloprostenol, an analogue of PGF2a, while effective in synchronising ovulation in Merino ewes when given during the luteal phase of their cycles, is not sufficiently reliable and predictable to be recommended for use in artificial insemination programmes as currently conducted in Australia.
8
Hess, Milan B. « The Effects of Prostaglandin F2a, Oxytocin and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone on Ejaculate Characteristics in the Dog ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31135.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a), oxytocin and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) have been used in bulls, rams, boars, stallions or rodents to increase sperm numbers in the ejaculate. Improving sperm quantity in the canine ejaculate would benefit all assisted reproductive techniques used in this species. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PGF2a, oxytocin and GnRH on canine ejaculate characteristics.
Eight, mature, medium size (25-30 kg), mixed breed dogs were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (N=2 dogs each); each group received one treatment per week for four weeks. Treatments were assigned based on a Latin Square design. A two-week training period was used to acclimate the dogs to manual semen collection. Treatments were 0.1 mg/kg PGF2a 15 minutes prior to collection, 2.5 units/dog oxytocin 10 minutes prior to collection, 50 mg/dog GnRH 60 minutes prior to collection, or 1.0 ml of saline 30 minutes prior to collection. An evaluator that was blinded to treatment analyzed ejaculate characteristics. Samples were evaluated for semen volume, concentration of spermatozoa per milliliter, motility, morphology, total sperm number and total morphologically normal motile sperm number (TNMS). In addition, a subjective ease of collection score was assigned following each collection (Scale 1-9, 1 being easiest to manually ejaculate).
Semen concentration, motility and morphology were not different between treatments. Semen volume was greater for dogs treated with PGF2a or oxytocin compared to saline. Total sperm number and TNMS were greater when dogs were treated with PGF2a compared to oxytocin, GnRH and saline (p<0.05). The subjective ease of collection score was lower for dogs receiving PGF2a compared to GnRH or saline (p<0.05).
In summary, administration of PGF2a or oxytocin prior to semen collection increased semen volume and PGF2a increased total sperm number in the ejaculate of the dog. It did not appear that treatment with GnRH had an effect on semen parameters evaluated in this study.Master of Science
9
Jobst, Shelly Marie. « Evaluation of systematic breeding programs in lactating dairy cows ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35439.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Observing cows in estrus and inseminating them at the optimal time are necessary steps for effective reproductive management of a dairy herd. However, increasing herd sizes can lead to reproductive inefficiency resulting in decreased profits on dairy herds. Synchronization of estrus, through pharmacological control, has been used to improve reproductive efficiency. Systematic breeding programs provide an organized approach for administering artificial insemination (AI) at first service. Moreover, reproductive management is based on a methodical approach for the entire herd rather than for the individual cow. Seven-hundred and thirty four Holstein cows from 16 commercial dairy herds were used to conduct this study evaluating three systematic breeding protocols; 14-d PGF2a, timed AI (TAI), and GnRH-PGF2α, in comparison with an untreated control group. Eight herds relied on visual observation as their primary method for detection of estrus, and 8 herds utilized the HeatWatch® (DDx, Inc., Denver, CO) electronic estrus detection system. The average days to first postpartum AI were longer for untreated control cows when compared to the other breeding protocols. First AI conception rates did not differ among control, 14-d PGF2a, or GnRH-PGF2a protocols, but were higher than the TAI protocol. However, first AI pregnancy rates were higher for untreated controls versus hormonally treated cows. Estrus characteristics associated with each protocol were also evaluated and no difference was detected across treatments. An economic analysis determining cost per pregnancy for each protocol when considering drug costs, and pregnancy rates, resulted in the highest cost per pregnancy for TAI followed by GnRH-PGF2a and 14-d PGF2a. These programs should be considered as tools for convenience and efficiency of estrus detection; however, reduced labor costs from less time spent on estrus detection may be offset by the cost of the drug protocols. Cost effectiveness must be calculated on an individual herd basis when deciding whether a systematic breeding program is the appropriate choice.Master of Science
10
Rovani, Monique Tomazele. « ROTA DE AÇÃO DA PROSTAGLANDINA F22 α ADMINISTRADA VIA SUBMUCOSA VULVAR NA LUTEÓLISE DE BOVINOS ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe aim of this study was to verify if prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) administered by intravulvosubmucous (IVSM) injection induces luteolysis by reaching the corpus luteum (CL) directly by a local absorption rote, preventing its metabolism in the lungs, or after absorption and distribution via the systemic circulation. In a first trial, the estrus rate of 1,937 beef cows was monitored for 5 days (25.6% of estrus). At day 5, the cows that did not show estrus received 1/5 of the standard dose of dinoprost IVSM (5 mg; n = 1440) and resulted in 68.2% of estrus in the next 5 days. However, in a second trial, the number of heifers detected in estrus after dinoprost injected via the IVSM (47.4%; n = 97) or intramuscular route (IM; 54.7%; n = 95) at day 5 was not different (P > 0.05). Based on serum progesterone concentrations, animals treated with 5 mg dinoprost at day 5 of the estrous cycle do not present functional luteolysis regardless of the administration route. At day 10 of the estrous cycle, luteolysis was variable in cows treated with 5 mg of dinoprost. Nevertheless, luteolysis occurred in all animals treated with 25 mg dinoprost independent of the estrous cycle day. After treatment, the PGF2α concentration did not differ in serum from uterine and jugular veins. This was further confirmed by measuring the concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto- PGF (PGFM) after 5 mg dinoprost injection via the IM or IVSM route. Dinoprost IM- and IVSM-administered resulted in a similar PGFM serum pattern over time, suggesting the same absorption rate for both routes. Although anatomical evidences suggest that PGF2α injected IVSM could be taken direct to the ovaries, avoiding the systemic circulation, the results do not support this hypothesis. In summary, the route of PGF2α administration (IVSM or IM) resulted in similar serum concentrations of PGF2α, PGFM, and luteolysis. Taking all the results together, the PGF2α injection via IVSM reached the systemic circulation before reaching the ovary, and the effectiveness of low doses of PGF2α was dependent on luteal phase and not on the route of administration.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se a prostaglandina F2α (PGF2α) administrada na submucosa vulvar (IVSM) induz a luteólise ao alcançar o corpo lúteo (CL) diretamente por uma via local, evitando sua metabolização nos pulmões, ou após a absorção e distribuição através da circulação sistêmica. Em um primeiro estudo, o estro de 1937 vacas de corte foi monitorado durante 5 dias (25,6% de estro). No dia 5, as vacas que não apresentaram estro receberam 5mg de dinoprost via IVSM (1/5 da dose padrão; n=1440), resultando em 68,2% de estro nos 5 dias seguintes. Todavia, em outro experimento utilizando a mesma dose, o número de novilhas detectadas em estro após o tratamento IVSM (47,4%, n=97) ou intramuscular (IM; 54,7%, n=95) no dia 5 não diferiu entre os grupos (P>0,05). Com base na concentração sérica de progesterona, os animais tratados com 5mg de dinoprost no dia 5 do ciclo estral não apresentaram luteólise funcional, independentemente da via de administração. Após o tratamento com 5mg dinoprost IM ou IVSM no dia 10 do ciclo, 3/5 e 2/5 animais apresentaram luteólise, respectivamente. Entretanto, a luteólise ocorreu em todos os animais tratados com 25mg de dinoprost, independente do dia do ciclo estral (dia 5 ou 10). A concentração de PGF2α não diferiu no soro das veias uterina e jugular. O mesmo foi observado quanto ao padrão de 13,14-dihidro-15-ceto prostaglandina F2α (metabólito de PGF2α; PGFM) sérico ao longo do tempo após a aplicação de 5 mg de dinoprost via IM ou IVSM. Em resumo, a via de administração de PGF2α (IVSM ou IM) resultou em concentrações séricas semelhante de PGF2α, PGFM e luteólise. Embora evidências anatômicas permitam sugerir que a PGF2α injetada via IVSM possa ser transportada diretamente aos ovários, a injeção de PGF2α via IVSM atinge a circulação sistêmica antes de chegar ao ovário, e a eficácia de baixas doses de PGF2α é dependente da fase luteal e não da via de administração.
11
Pickin, Charles Benjamin. « Reproductive performance of Holstein cows treated with prostaglandin F2a, gonadotropin releasing hormone, and recombinant bovine Somatotropin ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10171.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of presynchronization and recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on conception rates following a timed insemination (TAI) protocol in lactating dairy cows. A further objective included the evaluation of the efficacy of the Early Conception Factor (ECF) test kit. Recombinant bST may offer some benefit when used in conjunction with estrus synchronization and TAI. Presynchronization treatment consisted of two injections of PGF2α given 14 d apart, with the second dose administered 14 d prior to the initiation of a TAI protocol. A total of 216 lactating Holstein cows were presynchronized with PGF2α and then received GnRH (100μg) at 67 ± 7 d post partum (PP), administration of PGF2α (25 mg) 7 d later, another GnRH (100μg) administration 2 d after PGF2α, and were inseminated 8-18h later (OvSynch). First service conception rate (CR) was determined by rectal palpation at 42 ± 7 d after artificial insemination (AI). Treated cows (n=113) received rbST 67 ± 7 d PP whereas control cows (n = 113) were presynchronized without rbST. The cycling status of all cows was determined by paired milk P4 levels at 53 and 67 ± 7 d PP. No differences (P > 0.10) in conception rate were observed between control and rbST treated cows (44.7 and 40.7% respectively), nor was there any interaction of cyclicity and rbST. Milk samples were collected 7 d following AI for use in ECF test kit evaluation. Samples were stored at -20ºC (n=216) and at 5ºC (n=113) until assayed. Test results for frozen and refrigerated samples were compared to conception rates determined by rectal palpation at 42 ± 7 d after AI. The rate of false positive and negative results for frozen milk samples were 36.1 and 14.8% respectively, and 40.7 and 7.1% for refrigerated milk samples. Treatment with rbST at the time of the first GnRH injection of an OvSynch protocol did not significantly alter first service conception rates. Additionally, an acceptable 92.9% accuracy of the ECF test for the detection of open cows 7 d after AI using milk samples stored at 5ºC was obtained.Master of Science
12
Coffman, Elizabeth Ann. « Antiluteogenic effects of serial prostaglandin F2alpha administration in mares ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1386067165.
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Mamani, Mondragón Camilo Vicente. « Susceptibilidad del cuerpo lúteo a la acción de la prostaglandina F2a en alpacas inducidas a ovulación con plasma seminal ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3947.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad del cuerpo lúteo al cloprostenol sódico (análogo sintético de la PGF2α) durante el desarrollo de la fase luteal en alpacas inducidas a ovulación con plasma seminal. El plasma seminal se obtuvo de muestras de semen de alpaca colectadas mediante vagina artificial y diluidas en proporción 1:1 en buffer fosfato salino (PBS), luego fueron centrifugadas y conservadas a -20°C hasta su posterior uso. 96 alpacas hembras con un folículo ≥7mm fueron inducidas a ovulación mediante la inyección de plasma seminal (n=48) y GnRH (n=48). Luego fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente en 6 grupos distintos: un grupo control y animales tratados con PGF2α los dias 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 post inducción de ovulación. Se colectaron muestras sanguíneas para determinar los perfiles de progesterona sérica al inicio del tratamiento y 24 horas post-tratamiento con cloprostenol sódico. Los resultados muestran que no hubo efecto de la PGF2α en animales tratados el día 4 y 5 (p>0.05). Los animales tratados al día 7 y 8 se vieron que responden con una luteólisis efectiva a las 24 horas post-PGF2α, ya que sus niveles de progesterona fueron <1ng/ml. En el día 6 se confirma que hay una luteólisis a las 48 horas post-PGF2α (p<0.05), por la disminución en el tamaño del diámetro del cuerpo lúteo. Por lo tanto se concluye que el cuerpo lúteo en alpacas inducidas a ovulación con plasmas seminal es susceptible a la luteólisis a partir del dia 6 post-estímulo de ovulación.Tesis
14
Kwan, Ivy. « The effect of ACTH and steroidal antiinflammatory agents on prostaglandin F2a levels in vivo and in vitro using a spontaneously established porcine granulosa cell line / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61233.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In vivo experiments were conducted to determine if elevated plasma glucocorticoid concentrations would suppress intrafollicular prostaglandin F2$ alpha$ (PGF2$ alpha$) synthesis and, thereby, inhibit ovulation in the pig. Following ACTH administration, PGF2$ alpha$ concentrations in FF tended to be lower than in controls. Injections of betamethasone partially suppressed the preovulatory rise of PGF2$ alpha$ in FF at 40h, although the effect was less marked than that produced by indomethacin. While no ovulations occurred in the indomethacin-treated group at any time, betamethasone resulted in a lower number of ovulated follicles at 44h than in the control animals. Progesterone concentrations were unaffected by the treatments.In vitro studies were conducted with a spontaneously established cell line developed through continuous culturing of primary granulosa cells collected from prepuberal gilts six hours after they had received PMSG. Characterization of these cells revealed that aromatase and steroidogenesis were functional but gonadotropin receptors were not present. When extracellular PGF2$ alpha$ levels were measured, dexamethasone was able to significantly suppress PGF$ sb{2 alpha}$ concentrations, but not as effectively as with indomethacin. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
15
Bukys, Michael Anothony. « Factor Va Directs Catalysis by Factor Xa During Prothrombin Activation ». Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1211678701.
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Coetzee, Zahné. « Profiling sectoral risks of foreign direct investment in Africa ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is of utmost importance for African countries in order to create employment opportunities, reduce poverty and to ensure sustainable economic growth. Despite Africa’s exceptional FDI performance during the past decade, the majority of FDI inflows have been directed to a few selected countries. As investors face many risks when investing in developing countries it is argued that risk perception plays a vital role in the FDI inflows into Africa. This thesis focuses on the relationship between risk and FDI. A structural equation model is used to analyse this relationship with a dataset of ten risk categories and FDI data from 42 African countries. The importance of SEM for this study lies in the capability of modelling data from multiple groups. Hence, the four sectors used comprise metals, automotive, communications and the real estate sector. Overall results indicate that government effectiveness and legal and regulatory risks produce the biggest concern for investors. The conclusion is that there are different risk patterns regarding FDI in Africa. The empirical results further imply that if African countries wish to attract the levels of FDI required to stimulate economic growth, policies are needed to reduce risks in order to create a favourable investment climate for investors.Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Bellak, Christian. « The investment development path of Austria ». Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1156/1/document.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We explore some empirical properties of Austria's "Investment Development Path" (IDP) on the macro level as well as on the structural and the bilateral level. Three dimensions are analyzed, namely the growth, the stability, and the sign of the Net Outward Investment Position (NOIP). While the NOIP on the macro level has been negative throughout the last two decades, there is considerable variation on the industry and the bilateral level. Given the small domestic market size, the NOIP of Austria does not reflect the high level of development in terms of GDP. Several explanations for the below-average NOIP of Austria are provided.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
18
Sýkora, Michal. « Optimalizace a validace metody stanovení volných mastných kyselin ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240526.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master thesis deals with the development of method for free fatty acids determination in natural and processed cheese. In the theoretical part the possibilities of extraction, fractionation and determination of lipid fractions, characterization of fatty acids and various methods of their determination are described, as well as determination of free fatty acids. The main scope of the experimental section is optimization and validation of the selected method for determination of free fatty acids in various cheese matrices. For extraction of lipids from the sample the method with the mixture of diethylether and petrolether according to ČSN EN ISO 1735 was selected. Thin-layer chromatography and solid phase extraction were tested and compared for separation of free fatty acids. The method according to ČSN EN ISO 5509, using methanol solution of bortrifluoride, was applied for esterification. Fatty acid methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection.
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Altzinger, Wilfried. « Austria's foreign direct investment in Central and Eastern Europe. "supply based" or "market driven" ? » Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1566/1/document.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since 1989 Austria's investment activities in Central and Eastern Europe has intensified. Investments are concentrated in adjacent countries. Geographical proximity and close historical and cultural ties have enabled even small and medium-sized Austrian enterprises to achieve a 'first mover advantage'. Investments have been performed to a large extent in industries that are typically not connected with outsourcing activities (trade, finance and insurance, construction). Market-driven factors and strategic considerations are the ultimate objective of these investments. Only a few sectors, in particular a so-called 'core' industrial sector (metal products, mechanical products, electrical and electronic equipment), indicate that low labour costs are of importance. Trade and sales data of the affiliates support the dominance of the local market. Whilst on average 66% of the affiliates output was sold locally this share was only 39% for the "core" industrial sector. This sector indicates particular patterns of relocation. Nevertheless, until now this part of Austria's FDI has only been of minor importance. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Koval, Dominik. « Výběr a optimalizace metody stanovení volných mastných kyselin ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376882.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master´s thesis deals with optimization and validation of method for determination of free fatty acids. The theoretical part is focused on possibilities of extraction, extract separation, esterification, gas chromatography determination and brief description of the most important validation parameters. All with main emphasis on applying on free fatty acids. The experimental part describes the selection and procedure of optimizing individual steps of the method. Extraction of lipids was performed by solvent mixture (diethylether/petroleumether), based on the standard ČSN EN ISO 1735, for the extraction of free fatty acid solid phase extraction was tested. The acid catalyzed esterification based on ČSN EN ISO 5509 using methanolic solution BF3 was used for derivatization of free fatty acids and a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector was used for their determination. Subsequently, selected validation parameters of the method were verified: repeatability, reproducibility, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation. Sunflower oil and emmental type cheese, bought in common food market, were used as model samples for selection and optimatization of the method.
21
Hornáková, Miroslava. « Možnosti analytického stanovení volných mastných kyselin ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217118.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis deals with the determination of free fatty acids in natural and processed cheese. In the theoretical part the possibilities of extraction, fractionation and determination of lipid fractions, characterization of fatty acids and various methods of their determination are described, including the determination of free fatty acids. In the experimental part the selected method for determination of free fatty acids was optimized and partly validated; this method was then applied to samples of processed cheese analogues and natural Gouda type cheese. For extraction of lipids from the sample the method according to ČSN 0107 was selected, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for separation of free fatty acids. The method according to ČSN EN ISO 5509, using methanol solution of potassium hydroxide, was applied for esterification, fatty acids methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography with FID detection.
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Nunes, Jose Renato Soares. « FMA+ ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/1664.
Texte intégralRésumé :
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados meteorológicos das regiões de Cambará, Campo Mourão, Cândido de Abreu, Cascavel, Guarapuava, Londrina, Palmas, Paranavaí e Pinhais e de dados meteorológicos e de ocorrência de incêndios florestais da região de Telêmaco Borba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os objetivos consistiram em aperfeiçoar a Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA), por meio da inclusão da variável velocidade do vento no índice e desenvolver equações que estimem os valores da Umidade Relativa às 13:00 h por meio dos dados das 9:00 e 15:00 h, que sãÓ os padrões utilizados nas estações meteorológicas da rede oficial brasileira. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas foram a umidade relativa das 9:00, 13:00 e 15:00 h, a precipitação diária e a velocidade do vento às 13:00 h. As variáveis referentes aos incêndios florestais foram a data de ocorrência, a hora de início e de término e a área queimada. Os dados se referem a um período de 5 anos, compreendido entre 01/06/1998 e 31/05/2003. Foram realizadas análises do comportamento das variáveis meteorológicas para todas as regiões estudadas. A fim de se fazer a correção da umidade relativa foram desenvolvidas equações de regressão para cada região. As equações que apresentaram melhores resultados com base na análise dos coeficientes de determinação (R2) e dos erros-padrão residuais (Sy..x) foram submetidas à análise de covariância e aquelas consideradas estatisticamente semelhantes foram combinadas, dando origem a uma equação geral que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 h (UR13) com dados das 9:00 h (UR09) e outra que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 com dados das 15:00 h (UR15) para o estado do Paraná A melhor equação para o primeiro caso foi
UR 13=e ^ (2,72976+0,0162192UR09)
e a melhor equação para o segundo caso foi
UR 13=2,451510 (UR15)^0,796072
Com o fim de se incluir a velocidade do vento na Fórmula de Monte Alegre foram propostos modelos lineares e exponenciais e desenvolvidos programas computacionais com o fim de gerar os índices produzidos por esses modelos para a região de Telêmaco Borba. Com base nos dados de ocorrência de incêndios florestais os modelos tiveram a sua eficiência testada pelo teste skill score. Foram selecionados dois modelos exponenciais, que apresentaram os melhores resultados pelo skill score. Como os modelos selecionados usavam as classes de perigo originais, definidas na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, foi necessária a definição de novas classes que fossem mais adequadas aos novos modelos. Foram realizadas análises numéricas e gráficas em cada uma dessas variáveis com o objetivo de se definir os limites de cada classe de grau de perigo. Urna vez definidos os critérios, foram propostas novas classes de perigo para os modelos selecionados. A partir dos resultados gerados pelo programa e dos dados de incêndios os modelos selecionados foram novamente analisados e submetidos à análise de desempenho, utilizando-se o skill score e as porcentagens de sucesso para os mesmos, permitindo assim a definição do melhor modelo a ser incorporado na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, que passou a ter a seguinte representação: (vide resumo).
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Balabushko, Oleksii, Sebastian Beer, Jan Loeprick et Felipe Vallada. « The direct and indirect costs of tax treaty policy - Evidence from Ukraine ». WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5402/1/SSRN%2Did2922156.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study combines macro and micro data to quantify the revenue effects of double tax treaties. First, drawing on administrative information, the study estimates the tax sensitivity of income flows (dividend, interest, and royalty payments) at an aggregate level. The analysis finds important direct revenue costs linked to treaty restrictions on taxing rights, especially for flows into a few major investment hubs. However, high elasticities of income flows also suggest that increases in withholding rates at the individual treaty partner level would not necessarily result in more revenue collection. Second, the study uses firm- level information to estimate the sensitivity of reported profitability to changes in the relevant treaty network. The analysis of the reported earnings of multinational enterprise affiliates in Ukraine suggests that the ownership structure and operations with affiliates in certain jurisdictions explain reported profitability, and should thus receive increased attention in risk assessment and transfer pricing audit activities.Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Lloyd, Joshua S. « Commercialization of Software for the Prediction of Structural and Optical Consequences Resulting from Corneal Corrective Treatments ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1447778132.
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Breuss, Fritz. « A Prototype Model of EU's 2007 Enlargement ». Europainstitut, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/918/1/document.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
EU's 2007 enlargement by Bulgaria and Romania is evaluated by applying a simple macroeconomic integration model able to encompass as many of the theoretically predicted integration effects possible. The direct integration effects of Bulgaria and Romania spill-over to EU15, including Austria and the 10 new member states of the 2004 EU enlargement. The pattern of the integration effects is qualitatively similar to those of EU's 2004 enlargement by 10 new member states. Bulgaria and Romania gain much more from EU accession than the incumbents in the proportion of 20:1. In the medium-run up to 2020, Bulgaria and Romania can expect a sizable overall integration gain, amounting to additional ½ percentage point real GDP growth per annum. Within the incumbent EU member states Austria will gain somewhat more (+0.05%) than the average of EU15 (+0.02%) and the 10 new EU member states (+0.01%), which joined the EU in 2004. (author's abstract)Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut
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Romagnoli, Angela. « "Fra catene, fra stili, e fra veleni..." ossia Della scena di prigione nell'opera italiana (1690-1724) / ». Lucca : Libreria musicale italiana, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37001006n.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tesi--Philologie mus.--Cremone--Scuola di paleografia e filologia musicale, 1992.Contient la liste par titre des opéras représentant des scènes de prison p. 303-407 et la liste des personnages p. 409-426. Bibliogr. p. 427-436. Index.
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Aalen, Ida. « Fra Poke til Like : Facebook-forskning fra 2007 til 2011 ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13413.
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Jange, Sofia, et Emil Ingvarsson. « FNA-klassad lastbilspåbyggnad ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18134.
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Vanderbos, Sara. « Factors that influence secondary students to join the Collegiate FFA ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1489.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Student involvement on college campuses is important for the professional growth, leadership development and learning of today's college student. This research sought to determine the factors that influence former high school FFA members' reasons for joining and participating in the Collegiate FFA.
The study showed that students who are involved in the National FFA at the secondary level are more likely to join Collegiate FFA while attending a university that offers the Collegiate FFA option. These students were actively engaged on campus and were interested in helping others. Collegiate FFA programs, the National FFA, and universities across the country should begin their recruitment efforts with current high school FFA members.
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Hackney, Tiffany Ann. « The Relationship Between FBA Knowledge and the Convergence of FBA Measures ». Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313697059.
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Petkova, Kunka, Andrzej Stasio et Martin Zagler. « On the relevance of double tax treaties ». Springer US, 2020. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7181/1/2019itax.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper investigates the effects of double tax treaties (DTTs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) after controlling for their relevance in the presence of treaty shopping. DTTs cannot be considered a bilateral issue, but must be viewed as a network. We define tax distance as the cost of channelling corporate income from one country to another and, by considering treaty shopping through intermediate jurisdictions, we calculate the shortest (i.e. the cheapest) distance between any two countries. We show that relevant tax treaties-which reduce the direct tax distance both over domestic law and the entire existing treaty network-will increase FDI by about 18%.
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Steenholt, Olesen Rikke. « Fra biarghrúnar til Ave sanctissima Maria : studier i danske runeindskrifter fra middelalderen ». København Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet, 2007. http://nfi.ku.dk/publikationer/phd-afhandlinger/rso-phd-afhandling-20okt2008.pdf.
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Volckmar, Nina. « Fra solidarisk samværskultur til kunnskapssolidaritet : Det sosialdemokratiske skoleprosjekt fra Sivertsen til Hernes ». Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Education, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1711.
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Melheim, Synøve. « Fra familiemodell til behandlingsinstitusjon. : Endringer i forståelse av barnevernsinstitusjonen fra 1980-2006 ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosialt arbeid og helsevitenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-12243.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Temaet i denne oppgaven er endringer i forståelse av barnevernsinstitusjonen fra 1980 – 2006. Oppgaven bygger på kvalitative intervju med 3 informanter som har arbeidet i eller i nær tilknytning til barnevernsinstitusjonen i tidsperioden 1980 – 2006. Intervjuene ble foretatt i 2006, derfor denne avgrensningen. Det er deres tanker og forståelse av endringer som ligger til grunn for konstruksjon av videre kunnskap. Hvordan informantene tenker om hva som var viktig før/nå og hva var det har vært fokus på til ulike tider, danner hovedessensen i datamaterialet. For nærmere innsikt i temaet: Endringer i forståelse av barnevernsinstitusjon, blir dette forsøkt belyst ut fra to forskningsspørsmål: - Hvilke endringer har funnet sted i barnevernsinstitusjonens metodikk fra 1980 – 2006? - Hvilke endringer har funnet sted i synet på barn i barnevernsinstitusjon fra 1980 – 2006? Det teoretiske utgangspunktet for oppgaven består av ulike perspektiver. Perspektiver omhandlende syn på institusjon, samt teoretiske perspektiver om endringer i synet på barn, danner grunnlag for analysen av datamaterialet. I tillegg er det også valgt en historisk kontekst i bakgrunnsforståelsen og for systematisering av "funn" er det anvendt en organisasjonsteoretisk systemmodell, bestående av fem kategorier: en organisasjons mål, teknologi/virkemidler, deltakere, sosial struktur og omgivelser. I datamaterialet vises det til endringer i samtlige av kategoriene i løpet av tidsperioden 1980- 2006. Resultatene viser til endringer både når det gjelder barnevernsinstitusjonens virkemidler og syn på barn i det aktuelle tidsrommet. I perioden vises det også til en tendens som kan si noe om variasjon av perspektiver, i den forstand at det til enhver tid eksisterer et "rådende" eller "foretrukket" perspektiv. Studien sier også noe om at politiske føringer i stor grad kan bidra til påvirkning av slike trender.
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Hellum, Jens Haude. « Sammenlikning av FKB-data generert fra punktskyer fra bilbåren og helikopterbåren laser ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25563.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Denne masteroppgaven har blitt skrevet i samarbeid med Terratec AS etter deres ønske om å undersøke forskjeller ved bruk av helikopterbåren og bilbåren laserskanner til å danne FKB-data. På grunn av den stadig mer utbredte bruken av laserskanning i kartlegging er det gunstig å finne muligheter og begrensninger denne teknologien bringer.Det har blitt plukket ut et område i sentrum av Ski kommune hvor data er blitt samlet inn. Punktskyer er samlet ved bruk av bilbåren, helikopterbåren laser, og vektordata er dannet ut ifra disse. I tillegg er det skaffet vektordata registrert fra flyfoto. I dette området ble kummer registrert i alle datasettene valgt ut og sammenliknet med landmålte data for å teste stedfestingsnøyaktigheten i datasettene. Det ble også gjort visuelle sammenlikninger for å finne forskjeller i de registrerte dataene.Resultatene av disse sammenlikningene viser at det er forskjell i mengden detaljer i de forskjellige datasettene. Det er også påvist forskjell i nøyaktighet. Forskjellene funnet i kompletthet er små og ikke tydelige da det ikke er en god fasit. Det ble ellers også påvist en forskjell i detaljeringsgrad mellom datasettene. Det bilbårene datasettet inneholder fler små detaljer.
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Løkse, Svein Ola. « Konseptekstraksjon fra store dokumentsamlinger ». Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-10214.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Konseptekstraksjon er ingen ny teknologi. Den har eksistert helt siden 60-tallet, da man først begynte å digitalisere tekstlig informasjon for lagring og gjenfinning. I de siste årene har det oppstått fornyet interesse for faget da vi i dag har en litt annen situasjon. Det finnes i dag en overflod av dokumenter på digitalform. Informasjon må filtreres og ekstraheres for at vi ikke skal drukne i dem. Overfloden av tekstlig informasjon finner spesielt sted på internett, men også i større bedrifter og organisasjoner. I denne oppgaven blir det sett på anvendelser av konseptekstraksjon slik det foregår i dag, og hvordan man kan ta fatt på problemene rundt den voksende mengden av digital informasjon. Det er implementert en komponent for en lingvistisk arbeidsbenk som utfører lingvistiske operasjoner på dokumentsamlinger. Resultatene fra disse operasjonene kan igjen brukes for å trekke ut konsepter fra dokumentsamlingene.
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Siadat, Medya. « FVA : Funding Value Adjustment ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296342.
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Gacki, Pawel Piotr <1992>. « Cooperazione fra Amministrazioni fiscali ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15812.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La globalizzazione, l’internazionalizzazione degli strumenti finanziari e la mobilità dei contribuenti conoscono un evoluzione considerevole, che hanno reso sempre più pressante l’esigenza di stipulare Convenzioni internazionali e accordi bilaterali in quanto le aziende che hanno sedi in Paesi differenti non vengono assoggettate ad imposte per i medesimi redditi conseguiti comportando i fenomeni come la frode e l’evasione fiscale. Questa difficoltà crescente si ripercuote negativamente sul funzionamento dei sistemi fiscali e dà luogo alla doppia imposizione. Pertanto le amministrazioni fiscali sono costrette ad elaborare strumenti sempre più sofisticati per combattere tali fenomeni. Lo strumento maggiormente utilizzato è lo scambio di informazioni, che può avvenire in base a tre modalità: su richiesta, automatico e spontaneo.
Vista la molteplicità delle fonti normative a disposizione, è necessario individuare la corretta applicazione delle disposizioni sia a livello comunitario che a livello internazionale in base agli accordi, bilaterali e multilaterali, stipulati tra i vari Paesi.
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Lie, Malene Paulsen. « Fra biologidiskurs til miljødiskurs ? : Pressedekningen av minoriteter i norske aviser fra 1902-2010 ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17426.
Texte intégralRésumé :
I denne studien analyseres 246 avisartikler fra avisene Verdens Gang (Tidens Tegn fram til 1945), Aftenposten og Dagsavisen (Arbeiderbladet fram til 1997), for perioden 1902-2010, som alle omhandler minoriteter i Norge. Artiklene kommer fra Elisabeth Eide og Anne Hege Simonsens materiale som de innhentet i forbindelse med studien Mistenkelige utlendinger. Minoriteter i norsk presse gjennom hundre år (2007). Mine 246 avisartikler utgjør innenriksdekningen av minoritetsdelen av deres materiale for mine tre aviser. Artiklene skal fange opp utviklingen i hvordan skribenter henviser til minoriteter over tid. Målet er å undersøke hvorvidt vi har gått fra en biologidiskurs til en miljødiskurs i pressedekningen av minoriteter: både i betydningen rent språklige endringer, men også i en endret logikk og bruksmåte over tid. I dette tilfellet fra en statisk tanke om at mennesker «fødes slik» til den mer dynamiske logikken om at vi «blir slik» i en pågående konstruktivistisk og sosial prosess. Et av studiens hovedfunn er at det finnes artikler i materialet som indikerer et brudd fra henvisninger til minoritetens hudfarge i begynnelsen av perioden til kulturhenvisninger i slutten av perioden. Dette tyder på en endring i begrepsbruk fra en slags biologidiskurs til en miljødiskurs i minoritetsdekningen. Perioden fra slutten av 1800-tallet til om lag 1950 ses vanligvis på som en tid hvor en biologisk raseforståelse av mennesker råder. Det er derfor interessant at ingen skribenter forfekter en rasetenkning i noen av artiklene i hele utvalgsperioden. Derfor kan en si at de biologiske henvisningene i dette materialet ikke faller innunder en like statisk forklaringsmodell som i rasetenkningen. Samtidig er et annet av studiens hovedfunn at de mange henvisningene til kultur i slutten av utvalgsperioden ikke alltid viser til en klar dynamisk tanke om at mennesker «blir slik» i en pågående og ustoppelig prosess. Kulturhenvisningene er snarere av de mest statiske i hele materialet, da kulturer ofte behandles som grupper av statiske størrelser hvor visse kulturtrekk anses som overlegne eller underlegne andre kulturers trekk. Dette er en form for plassering av menneskes kulturtrekk i et slags verdimessig hierarki. I lys av disse hovedfunnene kan en si at pressedekningen av minoriteter i Norge har gått fra en biologidiskurs til en miljødiskurs i rent begrepslige overganger: det vises hyppig til minoriteters hudfarge i begynnelsen av perioden og en går gradvis over til en henvisning til kultur i slutten av perioden. Samtidig har ikke pressedekningen endret seg fra en klar statisk og biologisk forklaringsmodell til en tydelig dynamisk kulturmodell i logikk og bruksmåte.
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Karlsholm, Mads Strand. « Fra voktere til pleiere : Overgangen fra voktere til pleiere i sinnssykeomsorgen, 1895-1940 ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for historiske studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25381.
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Joensen, Jóan Pauli. « Fra bonde til fisker : studier i overgangen fra bondesamfund til fiskersamfund på Faerøerne / ». Tórshavn : Føroya fornminnissavn, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36152207v.
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Kirkemo, Solvor Motland. « Kartlegging og studie av forurensing fra avrenningsvann fra snødeponier i Trondheim til lokale bekker ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24301.
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I Trondheim kommune var det inntil nylig to snødeponier i bruk i vinterhalvåret, et deponi øverst i Iladalen og ett sør for Heimdal sentrum. I disse deponiene ble snø fra nærliggende områder dumpet ned, og snøen ble så liggende til den smeltet utover våren. I bunnen av begge områdene renner det en elv, Ilabekken i Iladalen og Søra på Heimdal. Når snødeponiet smelter utover våren renner avrenningsvannet ned i elva i bunn av dalen. I Norge er begrenset med forskning på avrenning fra snødeponi, og målet med denne oppgaven var derfor å analysere smeltevannet, samt elvevannet oppstrøms og nedstrøms for der hvor smeltevannet renner ut. Snødeponiet i Iladalen var ikke i bruk vinteren 2013, men det ble allikevel med i oppgaven. I tillegg ble det tatt noen jordprøver etter smelteperioden, under der hvor snødeponiet hadde vært. Alle prøvene ble så analysert med HR-ICP-MS.Det ble i hovedsak fokusert på de samme metallene for jordprøve som ved vannprøvene, nemlig kobber, sink, kadmium, bly, nikkel, krom, kvikksølv, arsen, jern og mangan. Disse metallene har Statens forurensingstilsyn klassifisert i fem tilstandsklasser (I-V) etter hvilken grad av forurensing ulike konsentrasjoner hvert av metallene gir. Resultatene for analysene viser at det ikke kan påvises noen forurensing av Iladalen etter det tidligere snødeponiet. Og resultatene for Heimdal viser at avrenningen fra snødeponiet ikke påvirker Søra i negativ retning, men derimot fungerer som fortynner for elva for enkelte metaller.
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Ivansson, Stina, et Emma Kruskopf. « Faktisk FRAmställning eller formade FRAgment : - en beskrivande studie om dagspressens rapportering kring signalspaningslagen ». Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-7800.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sammanfattning Nyhetssommaren 2008 kom i stor utsträckning att handla om spioner, radiovågor och massavlyssning. Riksdagen skulle fatta beslut om en ny signalspaningslag vilket väckte opinionen med argument om kränkt personlig integritet och ett nytt storebrorssamhälle i Sverige. Medierna spelar stor roll för människors åsikter i politiska frågor. I den här uppsatsen har vi granskat delar av den rapportering som gjorde det möjligt för folket att skaffa sig en uppfattning i frågan om den nya FRA-lagen. Syftet har varit att söka svar på vilka sakområden rapporteringen fokuserade på, om tendensen var överhängande positiv eller negativ, om frågan gestaltades som spel eller sak samt i vilken utsträckning olika källor kom till tals. Studien är koncentrerad till veckorna omkring omröstningen i Sveriges riksdag, med start 13 juni och avslut 4 juli. De undersökta artiklarna har hämtats ur de fyra största rikstäckande tidningarna: Aftonbladet, Expressen, Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet. Undersökningen genomfördes med kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att kunna presentera förekomsten av våra utvalda områden. Undersökningen är en fallstudie av en speciell politisk situation och har inga ambitioner att uttala sig om rapporteringen i FRA-frågan utöver den avgränsade tidsperioden och de undersökta tidningarna. Resultatet visar bland annat att artiklarna i stor utsträckning har en negativ tendens, att negativa källor få komma till tals i större utsträckning än positiva. Rapporteringens huvudsakliga fokus låg i lika stor utsträckning på protester mot lagen som på FRA-lagen i sig och en fjärdedel av artiklarna präglades av spelgestaltning.
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Devito, Simona. « Kandinskij fra VChUTEMAS e Bauhaus ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18885/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questo elaborato tratta il tema dell’esperienza artistica di Vasilij Vasil’evič Kandinskij all’interno del VChUTEMAS a Mosca e in seguito in Germania presso il Bauhaus. La tesina si divide in due parti: nella prima viene descritto il VChUTEMAS, l’istituto con cui Kandinskij collabora a Mosca e successivamente viene delineata l’esperienza di Kandinskij al VChUTEMAS. Nella seconda parte viene affrontata la descrizione del movimento Bauhaus e la collaborazione di Kandinskij con quest’ultimo.
Uno degli obiettivi di quest’elaborato consta nel cercare analogie tra VChUTEMAS e Bauhaus, per questo il mio lavoro affronta su due binari paralleli l’evoluzione delle due scuole e la collaborazione di Kandinskij con esse e dopo, brevemente, anche gli elementi in comune tra VChUTEMAS e Bauhaus.
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Spruegel, Tobias C., et Sandro Wartzack. « Das FEA-Assistenzsystem – Analyseteil FEdelM ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-215130.
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Die simulative Absicherung von Produkten in den frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung wird immer wichtiger, um den Anforderungen nach steigender Effizienz gerecht zu werden. Da das Angebot an erfahrenen Berechnungsingenieuren mit langjähriger Berufserfahrung begrenzt ist gilt es weniger erfahrene Simulationsanwender bei der Durchführung von aussagekräftigen Finite-Elemente-Simulationen zu unterstützen. Die Autoren stellen im Rahmen des Beitrags das Konzept des Analyseteils FEdelM eines FEA-Assistenzsystems vor, welches strukturmechanische Finite-Elemente (FE) Simulationen auf Plausibilität überprüft und auftretende Fehler möglichst automatisiert zu erkennt und behebt. Hierbei werden die einzelnen Module und deren Verknüpfungen untereinander und zu anderen Anwendungen vorgestellt.
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Lacchè, Mara. « Prometeo, fra mito e musica ». Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040035.
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G. Bachelard considérait Prométhée comme une " figure paradoxale ", ayant " valeur emblématique, mais qui se disperse en images multiples " (Fragments de la poétique du feu). Après des siècles d'interprétations allégoriques, Prométhée, grâce au génie goethéen, entre triomphalement dans l'art au tournant du XVIIIe siècle, pénétrant aux profondeurs de l'imaginaire collectif à l'époque moderne. A coté des innombrables versions littéraires recensées de l'Antiquité à nos jours, il existe également de nombreuses "traductions musicales" que nous répertorions dans notre catalogue. A travers une étude synthétique des thématiques qui émanent du mythe aux XIXe et XXe siècles, vu dans ses versions musicales (Beethoven, Alkan, Liszt, Nono, Skrjabin, Reichardt, Schubert, Wolf, Parry, Fauré, Emmanuel, Orff, Couroupos, Theodorakis) et théâtrales (Wilson), ainsi que dans ses relations complexes avec la philosophie, la poésie, les arts plastiques, la dramaturgie et la danse, nous avons cherché à dégager les lignes évolutives de la figure prométhéenne à l'intérieur de l'imaginaire créatif musical des artistes, considérés dans la Weltanschauung de leur nation et de leur époque, afin de déceler l'essence musicale profonde propre au mythe prométhéenG. Bachelard considerava Prometeo come una " figura paradossale ", di " valore emblematico, ma che si disperde in immagini multiple " (Fragments de la poétique du feu). Dopo secoli di interpretazioni allegoriche, alla fine del XVIII secolo, grazie al genio goethiano Prometeo è entrato trionfalmente nell'arte e alle profondità dell'immaginario collettivo moderno. Accanto alle innumerevoli versioni letterarie recensite dall'antichità ai nostri giorni, esistono anche numerose "traduzioni musicali", repertoriate nel nostro catalogo. Attraverso uno studio sintetico delle tematiche che scaturiscono dal mito nel XIX e XX secolo, considerato in queste sue versioni musicali (Beethoven, Alkan, Liszt, Nono, Skrjabin, Reichardt, Schubert, Wolf, Parry, Fauré, Emmanuel, Orff, Couroupos, Theodorakis) e teatrali (Wilson), ma anche nelle sue relazioni complesse con la filosofia, l'estetica, la poesia, le arti figurative, la drammaturgia e la danza, abbiamo cercato di cogliere le linee evolutive della figura prometeica nell'immaginario musicale degli artisti, considerati nella Weltanschauung della loro nazione e della loro epoca, alfine di svelare l'essenza musicale profonda propria al mito prometeico
G. Bachelard considered Prometheus as a " paradoxical figure " with an "emblematic value but which also scatters into multiple images " (Fragments of the fire poetics). After many centuries of allegorical interpretations, the Promethean myth, with Goethe's genius's help, came triumphantly into the art at the turning point of the XVIIIth century fathoming the recesses of collective imaginary at the modern era. In addition to numerous literary versions listed from the ancient Greek civilization to our time, there are also many "musical translations" which we present in a subject catalogue. We carried out a recapitulating study of themes derived from the myth seen on one hand through its XIXth and XXth centuries musical ( Beethoven, Alkan, Liszt, Nono, Skrjabin, Reichardt, Schubert, Wolf, Parry, Fauré, Emmanuel, Orff, Couroupos, Theodorakis) and theatrical (Wilson) interpretations, on the other hand through its relations with philosophy, poetry, plastic arts, dramatic art or dance. It allowed us to emphasize the evolutionary features of the Promethean figure into the artists' musical creative imaginary taking into consideration the Weltanschauung of their nation and of their time in order to detect the deep musical essence characteristic of promethean myth
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Morris, Erin Rebecca. « FHA domain genes of Arabidopsis / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144443.
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Moquet-Torcy, Gabriel. « Mécanismes transcriptionnels gouvernés par Fra-1 et Fra-2 dans les cancers du sein agressifs ». Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20244/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le cancer du sein est la principale cause de mortalité par cancer chez la femme. Deux des facteurs de transcription de la famille Fos, Fra-1 et Fra-2, sont surexprimés dans les cancers du sein agressifs et contribuent au phénotype tumoral en favorisant entre autres, la prolifération, la motilité et l'invasivité. De façon surprenante, les mécanismes moléculaires via lesquels Fra-1 et Fra-2 (et plus généralement le complexe transcriptionnel AP-1 dont ils sont des constituants) gouvernent la transcription de leurs gènes cibles sont quasi-inconnus. Dans ce contexte, en combinant diverses approches (immunoprécipitation de chromatine, interférence à l'ARN…), j'ai étudié les mécanismes moléculaires par lesquels Fra-1 et Fra-2 contrôlent la transcription dérégulée du gène de l'urokinase ou uPA (sérine protéase cruciale dans la progression tumorale et l'établissement de métastases) qui est l'un des nouveaux marqueurs utilisés en clinique pour la mise en place des choix thérapeutiques. Mes travaux montrent de façon originale que (i) Fra-1 et Fra-2 agissent de façon non redondante et coopèrent pour réguler l'expression d'uPA via leur fixation sur un enhancer AP-1 localisé à -1,9 kb du site d'initiation de la transcription (TSS), (ii) Fra-2 est nécessaire au recrutement de RNA Pol II au niveau de l'enhancer, tandis que Fra-1 stimule le passage de RNA Pol II de sa forme initiatrice à sa forme élongatrice et (iii) que la polymérase recrutée à l'enhancer rejoint le TSS par un mécanisme de « tracking », très rarement décrit dans la littérature, en produisant de petits ARNs non codants, bidirectionnels et instablesBreast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease among women. Two transcription factors, Fra-1 and Fra-2, belonging to the Fos family members, are overexpressed in aggressive breast cancers and contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype by favoring proliferation, motility and invasion. Surprisingly, the molecular mechanisms governed by Fra-1 and Fra-2 (and more generally by the AP-1 transcriptional complex, which they are components of) for the transcription of their target genes are still largely unknown. In this context, by combining different approaches (chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA interference…), I studied the molecular mechanisms orchestrated by Fra-1 and Fra-2 for the expression of the urokinase (or uPA) gene (encoding a serine protease crucial for tumor progression and metastasis), which is one of the new diagnostic markers now taken into consideration for deciding therapeutic strategies. Interestingly, my results show that (i) Fra-1 and Fra-2 have non redundant functions and cooperate for the transcriptional regulation of uPA through their binding to AP-1 enhancer located 1.9 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS), (ii) Fra-2 is required for the recruitment of RNA Pol II on this enhancer while Fra-1 allows the conversion of RNA Pol II initiating form into its elongating form and (iii) enhancer-recruited RNA Pol II reaches the TSS by a tracking mechanism, mechanism very rarely described in the literature, during which it synthetizes small, unstable bidirectional, non coding RNAs
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Petkova, Kunka, Andrzej Stasio et Martin Zagler. « On the relevance of double tax treaties ». WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6071/1/SSRN%2Did3126593.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper investigates the effects of double tax treaties (DTTs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) after controlling for their relevance in the presence of treaty shopping.
DTTs cannot be considered a bilateral issue, but must be viewed as a network, since FDI can flow from home to host country through one or more conduit countries. By accounting
for treaty shopping, we calculate the shortest (i.e. the cheapest) tax distance
between any two countries allowing the corporate income to be channelled through
intermediate jurisdictions. We differentiate between relevant and neutral DTTs - i.e.
tax treaties that offer investors a financial advantage - and irrelevant DTTs and use these data to derive two important results. First, only relevant and neutral tax treaties increase bilateral FDI, whereas irrelevant DTTs do not. We can quantify the increase of FDI due to a relvant DTT at around 22%. Second, significant tax reductions due
to treaty benefits will lead to an increase in FDI.Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
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Badinger, Harald, et Peter Egger. « Spacey Parents and Spacey Hosts in FDI ». WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3924/2/wp154.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Empirical trade economists have found that shocks on foreign direct investment (FDI) of some parent country
in a host country affect the same parent country´s FDI in other hosts (interdependent hosts). Independent of this, there is evidence that shocks on a parent country´s FDI in some host economy affect other parent countries´ FDI in the same host (interdependent parents). In general equilibrium, shocks on FDI between any country pair will affect all country-pairs´ FDI in the world, including anyone of the two countries in a pair as well as third countries (interdependent third countries). No attempt has been made so far to allow simultaneously for all three modes of interdependence of FDI. Using cross-sectional data on FDI among 22 OECD countries in 2000, we employ a spatial feasible generalized two-stage least squares and generalized moments estimation framework to allow for all three modes of interdependence across all parent and host countries, thereby distinguishing between market-size-related and remainder interdependence. Our results highlight the complexity of multinational enterprises´
investment strategies and the interconnectedness of the world investment system (authors' abstract).Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series