Articles de revues : « EZ. None of these, but in this section »

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Mete, Maurizio, Alessandro Alfano, Emilia Maggio, Massimo Guerriero et Grazia Pertile. « Inverted ILM Flap for the Treatment of Myopic Macular Holes : Healing Processes and Morphological Changes in Comparison with Complete ILM Removal ». Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (2 juin 2019) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1314989.

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Purpose. To investigate the microstructural changes after successful myopic macular hole (MMH) surgery, comparing inverted ILM flap and complete ILM removal techniques, and their association with visual function. Methods. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to evaluate both external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) recovery in 40 eyes of 39 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with either inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique (n=27) or complete ILM removal (n=13) to achieve MH closure. The association between ELM and EZ recovery and visual acuity was also investigated. The patients were followed up at 1 year. Results. ELM and EZ was recovered in 72% and 62% of cases, respectively, regardless of the surgical techniques 1 year after surgery. A strong positive association between the ELM and EZ recovery and the mean BCVA was found: regardless of the surgical technique, this was statistically significant at each time point (p<0.05). None of the baseline variables were found to act as predictive factors for either ELM or EZ. Conclusion. The inverted ILM flap technique did not affect the MMH healing processes compared to complete ILM removal. Thus, the presence of the ILM plug did not interfere with the restoration of both ELM and EZ, which correlated with functional recovery.

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Kessel, Adam, Taylor Ryan McFarland, Nicolas Sayegh, Kathryn Morton, Deepika Sirohi, Manish Kohli, Umang Swami, Roberto Nussenzveig, Neeraj Agarwal et Benjamin Louis Maughan. « Randomized phase II trial of radium-223 (RA) plus enzalutamide (EZ) versus EZ alone in metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer (mCRPC) : Final efficacy and safety results. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n^o 6_suppl (20 février 2021) : 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.135.

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135 Background: We previously reported that treatment with EZ+RA was associated with a decline in serum bone metabolism markers (BMM), which correlated with improved outcomes compared to EZ alone (Agarwal N et al, Clinical Cancer Research, 2020, PMID 31937614). Here we report the final efficacy and safety results for this trial. Methods: In this phase 2 trial (NCT02199197), patients (pts) with progressive mCRPC were treated with EZ (160 mg daily) ±RA (standard dose of 55 kBq/kg IV Q4 weeks x 6), until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities. Primary objectives of change in bone markers and safety have been reported previously. Secondary objectives included comparison of PSA progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and long term safety in all pts receiving RA+EZ vs EZ alone. Post hoc analysis included comparison of PSA-PFS2 (defined as time from start of protocol therapy to PSA progression on subsequent therapy or death whichever occurred earlier), time to subsequent/next therapy (TTNT), and long term safety. Survival analysis and log-rank tests was performed using the R statistical package v.4.0.2 ( https://www.r-project.org ). Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Results: Between 08/2014 and 11/2017, 47 pts were eligible and enrolled. Median follow up was 22 months (range 3.2-71.5). Thirty-five pts received RA+EZ and 12 pts received EZ alone. Receipt of prior abiraterone was allowed and was balanced between two groups: 60% in RA+EZ vs. 64% in EZ pts. Final efficacy results: TTNT, PSA-PFS2 were significantly improved in the RA+EZ pts over EZ alone pts, and all other efficacy parameters were numerically improved in RA+EZ pts (Table). Final safety results: none of the 12 EZ alone pts had any fracture; two of 35 RA+EZ pts were found to have incidental grade 1 asymptomatic fracture at the site of bone metastasis on routine imaging, at 15 and 31 months respectively after the last dose of RA, and did not require any intervention. No patients developed bone marrow disorders during the follow-up period. Efficacy and safety data will be elaborated during the meeting. Conclusions: In our study, EZ+RA resulted in significant long-term clinical benefit over EZ alone in pts with mCRPC without compromising safety. * NA&BLM; equal contribution. Clinical trial information: NCT02199197. [Table: see text]

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Kato, Naoki, Ichiro Yuki, Toshihiro Ishibashi, Ayako Ikemura, Issei Kan, Kengo Nishimura, Tomonobu Kodama et al. « Visualization of stent apposition after stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms using high resolution 3D fusion images acquired by C-arm CT ». Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 12, n^o 2 (12 août 2019) : 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2019-014966.

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PurposeWe used an imaging technique based on 3-dimensional (3D) C-arm CT to assess the apposition of three types of stents after coiling of intracranial aneurysms.MethodsAll patients with intracranial aneurysms were considered who received stent-assisted coiling with Enterprise2, Neuroform EZ, or Neuroform Atlas stents confirmed by C-arm CT imaging at our institution between June 2015 and November 2017. A 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) scan for vessel imaging followed by a high-resolution cone beam CT (HR-CBCT) scan for coil and stent imaging was performed. The images were fused to obtain dual volume 3D fusion images. We investigated malapposition of the stent trunk (crescent sign) and of the stent edges (edge malapposition) and used the χ2 statistic to test for an association with stent types. Inter-rater agreement between two raters was estimated using Cohen’s kappa statistics.ResultsWe evaluated 75 consecutive cases. Enterprise2 stents were used in 22 cases, Neuroform EZ in 26, and Neuroform Atlas in 27 cases. By stent type, crescent sign was detected in 27% of Enterprise2, 8% of Neuroform EZ, and none of Neuroform Atlas stents (p=0.007), while edge malapposition was detected in 27% of Enterprise2, 58% of Neuroform EZ, and 30% of Neuroform Atlas stents (p=0.05). Excellent (κ=0.81) and good (κ=0.78) agreement between the raters was found for the detection of edge apposition and crescent sign, respectively.ConclusionStent malapposition was clearly visualized by dual volume 3D imaging. The Neuroform Atlas stents showed good apposition even in vessels with strong curvature.

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FIRSTENBERG-EDEN, RUTH, et NADINE M. SULLIVAN. « EZ Coli Rapid Detection System : A Rapid Method for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157 in Meat and Other Foods ». Journal of Food Protection 60, n^o 3 (1 mars 1997) : 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.3.219.

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The EZ Coli™ Rapid Detection System consists of a selective enrichment medium and a rapid immunological detection kit. After being incubated for 15 to 24 h at 40 to 42°C, an Escherichia coli O157 culture was at a sufficient cell concentration (> 106 CFU/ml) to be tested with the EZ Coli Detection Kit. In studies of foods seeded with E. coli O157, all 42 strains of E. coli O157 tested positive with the detection kit. None of the 29 strains of E. coli non-O157 tested positive with the kit. Species of Citrobacter, Hafnia, and Klebsiella grew in the medium but tested negative. Of the 47 strains of non-E. coli O157 tested, only two strains of Salmonella 0 Group N grew and tested positive with the kit. Several laboratories evaluated the EZ Coli System with 378 clean and naturally contaminated food samples (mainly raw beef), and 337 different food samples, including raw meats (beef, pork, turkey, and chicken), dairy products, spices, vegetables, and apple cider, spiked with 50 different strains of E. coli O157 (1 to 100 CFU/25 g). Of these samples, 44.6% were positive and 52.2% were negative. The false-positive rate was 1.7% and the false-negative rate was 1.5%. The data show that high levels of coliforms (> 106 CFU/g) in food samples may impede the detection of low levels (1 to 10 CFU/25 g) of E. coli O157 organisms in broth, thereby causing false-negative reactions with most detection systems. The EZ Coli Rapid Detection System provides a rapid and specific means of detecting E. coli O157 in raw and processed foods.

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Hadriche, Abir, Ichrak Behy, Amal Necibi, Abdennaceur Kachouri, Chokri Ben Amar et Nawel Jmail. « Assessment of Effective Network Connectivity among MEG None Contaminated Epileptic Transitory Events ». Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (28 décembre 2021) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6406362.

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Characterizing epileptogenic zones EZ (sources responsible of excessive discharges) would assist a neurologist during epilepsy diagnosis. Locating efficiently these abnormal sources among magnetoencephalography (MEG) biomarker is obtained by several inverse problem techniques. These techniques present different assumptions and particular epileptic network connectivity. Here, we proposed to evaluate performances of distributed inverse problem in defining EZ. First, we applied an advanced technique based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to recover only pure transitory activities (interictal epileptiform discharges). We evaluated our technique’s robustness in separation between transitory and ripples versus frequency range, transitory shapes, and signal to noise ratio on simulated data (depicting both epileptic biomarkers and respecting time series and spectral properties of realistic data). We validated our technique on MEG signal using detector precision on 5 patients. Then, we applied four methods of inverse problem to define cortical areas and neural generators of excessive discharges. We computed network connectivity of each technique. Then, we confronted obtained noninvasive networks to intracerebral EEG transitory network connectivity using nodes in common, connection strength, distance metrics between concordant nodes of MEG and IEEG, and average propagation delay. Coherent Maximum Entropy on the Mean (cMEM) proved a high matching between MEG network connectivity and IEEG based on distance between active sources, followed by Exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA), Dynamical Statistical Parametric Mapping (dSPM), and Minimum norm estimation (MNE). Clinical performance was interesting for entire methods providing in an average of 73.5% of active sources detected in depth and seen in MEG, and vice versa, about 77.15% of active sources were detected from MEG and seen in IEEG. Investigated problem techniques succeed at least in finding one part of seizure onset zone. dSPM and eLORETA depict the highest connection strength among all techniques. Propagation delay varies in this range [18, 25]ms, knowing that eLORETA ensures the lowest propagation delay (18 ms) and the closet one to IEEG propagation delay.

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Lam, J., P. Tomaszewski, G. Gilbert, JT Moreau, M. Guiot, J. Farmer, J. Atkinson et al. « P.147 Evaluation of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging in poorly- defined focal epilepsy in children ». Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (juin 2022) : S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.231.

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Background: Poorly-defined cases (PDCs) of focal epilepsy are cases with no/subtle MRI abnormalities or have abnormalities extending beyond the lesion visible on MRI. Here, we evaluated the utility of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI perfusion in PDCs of pediatric focal epilepsy. Methods: ASL MRI was obtained in 25 consecutive children presenting with poorly-defined focal epilepsy (20 MRI- positive, 5 MRI-negative). Qualitative visual inspection and quantitative analysis with asymmetry and Z-score maps were used to detect perfusion abnormalities. ASL results were compared to the hypothesized epileptogenic zone (EZ) derived from other clinical/imaging data and the resection zone in patients with Engel I/II outcome and >18 month follow-up. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed perfusion abnormalities in 17/25 total cases (68%), 17/20 MRI-positive cases (85%) and none of the MRI-negative cases. Quantitative analysis confirmed all cases with abnormalities on qualitative analysis, but found 1 additional true-positive and 4 false-positives. Concordance with the surgically-proven EZ was found in 10/11 cases qualitatively (sensitivity=91%, specificity=50%), and 11/11 cases quantitatively (sensitivity=100%, specificity=23%). Conclusions: ASL perfusion may support the hypothesized EZ, but has limited localization benefit in MRI-negative cases. Nevertheless, owing to its non-invasiveness and ease of acquisition, ASL could be a useful addition to the pre-surgical MRI evaluation of pediatric focal epilepsy.

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Lam, J., P. Tomaszewski, G. Gilbert, JT Moreau, M. Guiot, S. Albrecht, J. Farmer et al. « P.173 Evaluation of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) Perfusion Imaging in Poorly-Defined Focal Epilepsy in Children ». Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 48, s3 (novembre 2021) : S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2021.449.

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Background: Poorly-defined cases (PDCs) of focal epilepsy are cases with no/subtle MRI abnormalities or have abnormalities extending beyond the lesion visible on MRI. Here, we evaluated the utility of Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI perfusion in PDCs of pediatric focal epilepsy. Methods: ASL MRI was obtained in 25 consecutive children presenting with poorly-defined focal epilepsy (20 MRI- positive, 5 MRI-negative). Qualitative visual inspection and quantitative analysis with asymmetry and Z-score maps were used to detect perfusion abnormalities. ASL results were compared to the hypothesized epileptogenic zone (EZ) derived from other clinical/imaging data and the resection zone in patients with Engel I/II outcome and >18 month follow-up. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed perfusion abnormalities in 17/25 total cases (68%), 17/20 MRI-positive cases (85%) and none of the MRI-negative cases. Quantitative analysis confirmed all cases with abnormalities on qualitative analysis, but found 1 additional true-positive and 4 false-positives. Concordance with the surgically-proven EZ was found in 10/11 cases qualitatively (sensitivity=91%, specificity=50%), and 11/11 cases quantitatively (sensitivity=100%, specificity=23%). Conclusions: ASL perfusion may support the hypothesized EZ, but has limited localization benefit in MRI-negative cases. Nevertheless, owing to its non-invasiveness and ease of acquisition, ASL could be a useful addition to the pre-surgical MRI evaluation of pediatric focal epilepsy.

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AGIRREAZKUENAGA ZIGORRAGA, IÑAKI. « LA ADMINISTRACIÓN NO PUEDE BENEFICIARSE DE SU SILENCIO ». RVAP 87-88, n^o 87-88 (1 août 2010) : 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.87.88.2010.01.

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La Administración que genera mediante una conducta claramente ilegal inseguridad jurídica no puede esgrimir esa inseguridad a su favor, pretendiendo obtener de ella ventajas frente a quienes sufren los efectos de la inseguridad creada mediante su silencio. En tal sentido el plazo de 6 meses establecido en el art. 46.1 in fine LJCA, no debe surtir efectos frente al principio de tutela judicial efectiva, y si la Administración no quiere que se compute el plazo de prescripción de la infracción, le basta con cumplir con su obligación de resolver el recurso administrativo, para que la sanción adquiera firmeza, y a la vez no haya posibilidad de que prescriba la infracción. Jokabide erabat legez kontrakoa erabiliz segurtasun juridikorik eza eragiten duen administrazioak ezin du gero segurtasun ez hori bere alde erabili, bere isiltasunak eragindako intseguritatearen ondorioak pairatzen dituztenen aurrean abantailak atera asmoz. Horretan, AAJL legearen 46.1 in fine artikuluak ezartzen duen 6 hilabeteko epeak ez luke ondoriorik eragin behar tutoretza judizial efektiboaren printzipioaren aurrean, eta Administrazioak ez baldin badu nahi arauhaustearen preskripzioaren epea konputatzerik, nahikoa du errekurtso administratiboa ebazteko obligazioa betetzea, orduan zehapena irmoa izango baita, eta, aldi berean, ez baita aukerarik egongo arau-haustea preskribatzeko. If the Administration provokes legal uncertainty by means of a clearly illegal conduct, it cannot take advantage from that uncertainty by pretending to benefit vis-à-vis those that suffered the uncertainty generated from its silence. To this effect, the six months period established in section 46.1 in fine of LJCA should not apply face-to-face the principle of effective judicial protection, and if the Administration does not want to take into consideration the lapsing period of the infringement, it would be enough with discharging the obligation of deciding upon the administrative appeal so as to make the penalty final and at the same time the infringement could not be time-barred.

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Mutaqin, Kikin, Jana L. Comer, Astri C. Wayadande, Ulrich Melcher et Jacqueline Fletcher. « Selection and characterization ofSpiroplasma citrimutants by random transposome mutagenesis ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 57, n^o 6 (juin 2011) : 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w11-026.

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Phytopathogenic spiroplasmas can multiply in vascular plants and insects. A deeper understanding of this dual-host life could be furthered through the identification by random mutagenesis of spiroplasma genes required. The ability of the EZ::TN™ <DHFR-1> Tnp transposome™ system to create random insertional mutations in the genome of Spiroplasma citri was evaluated. The efficiency of electroporation-mediated transformation of S. citri BR3-3X averaged 28.8 CFUs/ng transposome for 109spiroplasma cells. Many transformants appearing on the selection plates were growth impaired when transferred to broth. Altering broth composition in various ways did not improve their growth. However, placing colonies into a small broth volume resulted in robust growth and successful subsequent passages of a subset of transformants. PCR using primers for the dihydrofolate reductase gene confirmed the transposon’s presence in the genomes of selected transformants. Southern blot hybridization and nucleotide sequencing suggested that insertion was random within the chromosome and usually at single sites. The insertions were stable. Growth rates of all transformants were lower than that of the wild-type S. citri, but none lost the ability to adhere to a Circulifer tenellus (CT-1) cell line. The EZ::TN™ <DHFR-1> Tnp transposome™ system represents an additional tool for genetic manipulation of the fastidious spiroplasmas.

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Hankinson, R. J. « The Sceptical Inquirer ». History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, n^o 1 (8 septembre 2020) : 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301007.

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Abstract This article treats of whether scepticism, in particular Pyrrhonian scepticism, can be said to deploy a method of any kind. I begin by distinguishing various different notions of method, and their relations to the concept of expertise (section 1). I then (section 2) consider Sextus’s account, in the prologue to Outlines of Pyrrhonism, of the Pyrrhonist approach, and how it supposedly differs from those of other groups, sceptical and otherwise. In particular, I consider the central claim that the Pyrrhonist is a continuing investigator (section 3), who in spite of refusing to be satisfied with any answer (or none), none the less still achieves tranquillity, and whether this can avoid being presented as a method for so doing, and hence as compromising the purity of sceptical suspension of commitment (section 4). In doing so, I relate—and contrast—the Pyrrhonists’ account of their practice to the ‘Socratic Method’ (section 5), as well as to the argumentative practice of various Academics (section 6), and assess their claim in so doing to be offering a way of instruction (section 7). I conclude (section 8) that there is a consistent and interesting sense in which Pyrrhonian scepticism can be absolved of the charge that it incoherently, and crypto-dogmatically, presents itself as offering a method for achieving an intrinsically desirable goal.

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ALEGRE ÁVILA, Juan Manuel. « Obras públicas y ejecución de sentencias (Consideraciones a propósito de la Sentencia de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo de 16 de mayo de 2014) ». RVAP 99-100, n^o 99-100 (30 décembre 2014) : 199–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.006.

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LABURPENA: Hurrengo lerroak Auzitegi Gorenaren Administrazioarekiko Auzietako Salaren 2014ko maiatzaren 16ko sententzia bati buruzkoak dira. Lortutako kasazio-errekurtsoak baztertu eta estatuaren titulartasuna duen liburutegi bat eraikitzeko obren udal-lizentzia baliogabetzat jo zuen sententzia bat lege-ezintasunagatik ez betearazteko prententsioa ukatzen duen instantziako auzitegiaren ebazpena berresten du. Epaiaren arabera, obra publikoa izatea ez dela nahikoa arrazoi ez betearazteko eskaera dekretatzeko, nahiz eta obra horren bidez jabetza publikoko ondasun bat lortu eta interes kulturaleko ondasunen erregimenari lotuta egon. Aitzitik, boto partikularrak dio, hiru gertakari horiek bat egin dutenez, instantziaren salak lege-ezintasunagatik ez betearazteko eskaera onartu beharko lukeela, Administrazioarekiko Auzien Jurisdikzioaren Legearen 105.2 artikuluaz haratago. Planteamendu horiek alde batera utzita, testuak honako tesi hau defendatzen du: ebazpen judizial irmo bat ez betetzea, bai kausa materialengatik, bai kausa legalengatik edo juridikoengatik, nahitaezko desjabetzearen suposizio bat da eta Konstituzioaren 33. artikulua hartzen du barne (ez, ordea, 24. artikulua). Ildo horretatik, aintzat hartuz ebazpen judizial guztiak, oro har, dagozkion baldintzetan bete behar direla, ordezkapen edo baliokidetasun bidez betetzea benetako desjabetzea ezkutatzen duen aitzakia baino ez da, eta ≪kalte-ordain egokien≫ izenean, behar bezalako erreparazioa edo balio justua eskatzen du. RESUMEN: Las lineas que siguen se articulan sobre una Sentencia de la Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo del Tribunal Supremo, de 16 de mayo de 2014, que, con desestimacion de los recursos de casacion entablados, ratifican la decision del tribunal de instancia de denegar la pretension de inejecucion, por imposibilidad legal, de una sentencia que habia declarado la invalidez de la licencia municipal de obras en cuya virtud se habia construido una biblioteca de titularidad estatal. La Sentencia niega que sea causa bastante para decretar la inejecucion solicitada el tratarse de una obra publica cuya realizacion da lugar a un bien de dominio publico que, ademas, esta sujeto al regimen de los bienes de interes cultural. Por el contrario, el voto particular sostiene que la confluencia de estas tres circunstancias deberia haber conducido por la sala de instancia a acceder a la pretension de que fuera declarada la referida inejecucion por causa de imposibilidad legal ex articulo 105.2 de la Ley de la Jurisdiccion Contencioso-Administrativa. Frente a estos planteamientos, en el texto se defiende la tesis de que la inejecucion de una resolucion judicial firme, ya por causas materiales ya, en particular, por causas legales o juridicas, es un supuesto de expropiacion forzosa, en el que esta implicado no el derecho del articulo 24 sino el del articulo 33 de la Constitucion. En este sentido, por tanto, y dado que, en puridad, todo pronunciamiento judicial firme es, con caracter general, susceptible de ser ejecutado en sus propios terminos, la llamada ejecucion por sustitucion o por equivalente no es sino un subterfugio que encubre, en realidad, una verdadera privacion de caracter expropiatorio, que demanda, incluso bajo la veste de una ≪congrua indemnizacion≫, la debida reparacion o justiprecio. ABSTRACT: The lines that follow deal with a judgment by the Contentiousadministrative section of the Supreme Court, from May 16th of 2014 that with the dismissal of the appeals on point of law ratifiies the decision adopted by the judge of first instace who had declared the invalidity of a municipal license for building by virtue of which a library owned by the State was built. The judgment denies to be a sufficient reason to decree the requested non execution the fact that it is a public work whose execution leads to a public domain property that besides it is bound by the regime of cultural assets. On the contrary, the dissenting opinion mantains that the convegence of these three circumstances should have lead the section to accept the claim that the non execution be agreed by cause of a legal impossibility of article 105.2 of the Act of the Contentious-Administrative jurisdiction. Opposite this approach, this text stands up for the thesis that the non execution of a final judicial decision either because of material reasons or in particular because of legal reasons is forceful expropiation case where it is at stake not article 24 but article 33 of the Constitution. In this sense, therefore, and due to the fact that strictly speaking every final judicial ruling can generally be subject to be executed in its own terms, the so called execution by substitution or by equivalent is not but a subterfuge that in reality conceals a true loss of the expropiatory nature which claims, even under the garb of a congruent compensation, the due reparation or fair value.

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Taron-Dunoyer, Arnulfo, Antonio Díaz-Caballero, Eliana Ávila-Martínez et Efren Castellar-Vásquez. « Comparison of strength and depth cut with scalpel on porcine gingival tissues ». Duazary 17, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/2389783x.3218.

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The composition of the gums confers some physical characteristics that make it resistant to mechanical stimulation. The objective of the study was to compare the difference of the utilized forces when performing cuts in the anterior and posterior sections of porcine gingival tissue, measuring the depth of the tissue. A comparative descriptive study was performed with a non-probability convenience sampling, sectioned pig mandibles were used. The experimental trials were performed with an EZ-S SHIMADZU texture analyzer. All of the samples were submitted to a vertical shear force, thus identified the force level used to perform the incision and its depth. the necessary force to perform a cut in porcine gingival tissue was evaluated, comparing the posterior section (39.3571 Newton and 2.160 mm) and with the anterior ( 37.8424 newton and 1.747 mm), just as the depth of said cut, showing a statistical difference on the depth, (p=0.022 p< 0.59); regarding the force, no statistically significant difference was found. In the analyzed samples where the shear force in the posterior and anterior section were compared, no difference was found in both groups; as for the cut depth, this was greater in the posterior section than in the anterior.

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Grace, R. F., et V. J. Roach. « Caesarean Section in a Patient with Paramyotonia Congenita ». Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 26, n^o 5 (octobre 1998) : 534–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9802600511.

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This case report details spinal anaesthesia for an elective caesarean section in a patient with the rare condition of paramyotonia congenita. There are few case reports of anaesthesia in this condition and none in the Australian anaesthetic literature. This case highlights the need for the avoidance of hypothermia and depolarizing muscle relaxants, the safety of spinal anaesthesia and a conservative approach to the management of plasma potassium concentration. The subsequent review outlines the current literature and discusses other issues involved in the anaesthetic management of this disorder.

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Begum, Tahera, M. Jalal Uddin et Ishrat Jabin. « Caesarean Section Without Indwelling Catheter ». Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 14, n^o 1 (4 avril 2015) : 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878.

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Background: Many studies were conducted worldwide on the subject but there is none in Chittagong. To get our experience we had conducted the study. Methods: It was an experimental study. 70 cases were conveniently selected under certain inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cases were managed by the obstetricians unrelated to the study. All cases were meticulously observed by the investigators and findings were instantly recorded. All data were manually managed. A discussion was made and conclusion was drawn. Results: Total 70 cases were studied. 35 primae and 35 multipara. Mean age was 27 years +2.3 . All were literate and 86% were housewives. Cases were without medical, surgical complications and were uneventfully managed. First voiding time was 4.28 hours +0.45. 07% cases were evacuated with plain catheter after 7 hours for pain and bladder distention. Average hospital stay 2.3 days. There was no occurrence of urinary tract infection. Conclusion: Indwelling catheter should not be used unless it is strongly indicated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v14i1.22878 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.14 (1); Jan 2015; Page 34-35

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Csizmadia, Gabriella Petres. « Transcultural phenomena in contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose ». Hungarian Studies 34, n^o 1 (20 mars 2021) : 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2020.00004.

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AbstractIn my study I deal with the transcultural liteary-spacial position of contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose. I have selected the works for interpretation from the representative writings of the last five years (Katarina Durica: Szlovákul szeretni [To love in Slovak]. Libri, Budapest, 2016; Anikó N. Tóth: Szabad ez a hely? [Is this seat free?]. Pesti Kallgiram Kft., Budapest, 2017; Pál Száz: Fűje sarjad mezőknek [Grass grows on meadows]. Pesti Kalligram Kft., Budapest, 2017). Due to their diversity in genre, language and subject, these works provide a cross-section of contemporary Slovakian Hungarian prose. The peculiarity of the corpus is that it reflects on the hibridity, inter- and multiculturalism typical for Central-European literature (cf. Welsch, 1999), and it also demonstrates translocality, multiculturalism, multilingualism and the experience of using multiple language varieties.

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MIMENTZA MARTÍN, Janire. « La formación del Gobierno Alemán : entre orden democrático constitucional y populismo europeo ». RVAP 111, n^o 111 (30 août 2018) : 311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.111.2018.09.

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LABURPENA: Alemaniak, ziurgabetasun handiko hilabete luzeak igaro ondoren, gobernua eratu du Oinarrizko Legeak proposatzen dituen (art. 63) hiru aukeretako bat jarraituz: koalizio handia eratuz, hain zuzen ere. Ondorioz, sortutako Gobernuko itun berriak Alemaniari dinamika berria ematen dio eta Europari bultzada berri bat. Lan honek erakusten du aurreikusitakoa ez bezala, ez % 5 hauteskundeoztopoak, ez memoria historikoak, ezta konstituzioak berak ere ez du saihestu eskuin muturreko alderdi bat Bundestagera heltzea. Hauteskunde emaitzen arabera, Alemaniako eskualde txiroenek protesta bezala AfDren alde bozkatu dute. Horretaz babesteko, koalizio handiak elkartasunaren hitza sartu du gobernu itunean: «demokraziaren eta elkartasunaren Europa«. Alderdi populisten etengabeko aurrerapena Europan eta datorren urteko Europako Parlamenturako hauteskundeen hurbiltasuna kontuan izanik, beharrezkoa da alemaniako hauteskunde hauen emaitzez eta eraginez ikasi eta akatsak errepikatzea saihestea. RESUMEN: Alemania, tras largos meses de incertidumbre, para la formación de gobierno ha apostado por una de las tres vías constitucionales posibles con base en el art. 63 Ley Fundamental: la gran coalición. El nuevo pacto de gobierno promete una nueva dinámica para Alemania, y un nuevo impulso para Europa. Este trabajo muestra como en contra de lo previsto, ni la barrera electoral, ni la memoria histórica, ni la misma Ley Fundamental han evitado la llegada de la extrema derecha al Bundestag. Las regiones más desfavorecidas han votado al AfD como protesta. Como protección la gran coalición ha incluido el termino de solidaridad en el pacto bajo el apartado «una Europa de democracia y solidaridad». Ante su continuo avance en Europa y la proximidad de las elecciones al Parlamento europeo en el 2019, es de urgente necesidad estudiar el resultado y efecto de estas elecciones, para aprender y evitar repetir errores. ABSTRACT: Germany, after many months of uncertainty for the formation of government has opted for one of the three possible constitutional ways based on art. 63 of the Fundamental Law: the grand coalition. Thereby the new government pact promises a new dynamic for Germany, and a fresh impetus for Europe. This work shows how, contrary to what was foreseen, neither the electoral threshold, nor the historical memory, nor the Constitution itself have prevented the arrival of the extreme right to the Bundestag. Results show that the most disadvantaged regions have voted for AfD as a protest. Against it, the grand coalition has included the term of solidarity in the pact under section «a Europe of democracy and solidarity». In the face of its continuous advance in Europe and the proximity of the European Parliament elections in 2019, there is an urgent need to study the result and effects of these elections in order to learn and avoid repeating mistakes.

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Chowdhury, Liza, et Ishrat Jahan. « Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization ». Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 11, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2016) : 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i1.30658.

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Introduction: Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with great discomfort, high incidence of urinary tract infection, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay.Objectives: To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization.Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out from April 2012 to March 2013, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CMH Dhaka and IBN Sina Hospital Dhaka among 65 patients who had undergone cesarean section without catheterization. There were some limitations of this study. We had excluded previous cesarean from our study, so the results of this study cannot be generalized.Results: Firs void discomfort was not significantly associated without the use of indwelling catheter. Hospital stay was shorter (94% was discharged on 3rd post operative day). None of the patients had bladder injury. Mean duration of surgery was 45 minutes (44%) and ambulation time 11-14 hours (60%). Average estimated blood loss was 500 ml (41%) and time of 1st voiding was 5-8 hrs (58%). Need for catheterization was significantly low (3%).Conclusion: Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(1) 2015: 3-6

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Gurung, Tara, Sangeeta Shrestha, Ujjwal Basnet et Amirbabu Shrestha. « Awareness with Recall in General Anesthesia undergoing Cesarean Section ». Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 13, n^o 1 (12 novembre 2018) : 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v13i1.21611.

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Aims: To determine the incidence of awareness with recall in parturient undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital.Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study of the patients who underwent cesarean section under general anesthesia from April mid 2014 to April mid 2017 (Baishakh 2071 to Chaitra 2073 BS). Awareness questionnaires filled up through the modified Brice interview.Results: A total of 162 patients underwent Cesarean Section under general anesthesia and138 were included in the study. None of them had awareness and six patients had a dream.Conclusion: No awareness with recall found and prospective study is required to determine the condition.

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Varga, Gyorgy, et Ricardo Dias de Oliveira Brito. « The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns in Brazil ». Brazilian Review of Finance 14, n^o 2 (27 juin 2016) : 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/rbfin.v14n2.2016.60916.

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In a sample of the Brazilian stock market from 1999 to 2015, this paper shows that the book-to-market and momentum of individual firms capture some of the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns, while the market β and size do not play a role. The positive relation of cross-section of returns with book-to-market is more evident earlier, while the positive relation with momentum is stronger later in the sample. However, because none of these characteristics show explanatory power for all the subsamples studied, we are not fully convinced that they capture fundamental risk factors.

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Roy, Priyankur, Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan et Jose Ruby. « Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India : A Randomized Controlled Trial ». Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 9, n^o 4 (2017) : 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1520.

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ABSTRACT Objectives (1) To investigate the association between term elective cesarean sections and neonatal respiratory morbidity and the importance of timing of the cesarean. (2) To assess the maternal morbidity when emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) was required. Participants All women with singleton term (37—41 + 6 weeks) pregnancies and planned for elective cesarean section in Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. Outcome measures The primary outcome measures were neonatal morbidities such as transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The secondary outcome measures were emergency cesarean section and maternal morbidities such as scar dehiscence, urinary tract infection (UTI), endometritis, peritonitis, and hemoperitoneum in the mother. Results The percentage of TTN in the infants in group I was 1.3% while there were none in group II. No infants were diagnosed to have RDS. Out of the 150 women who were planned for elective cesarean section, 55 women underwent emergency cesarean section. Among this, 19 (25.3%) of women were from group I as compared with 36 (48.0%) in group II. The difference in proportion between the two groups was –22.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): –37.7, –7.7], which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The incidence of scar dehiscence, UTI, endometritis, and hemoperitoneum in the mothers of group II was marginally higher than that in the mothers of group I. There was one woman with peritonitis in group I while none was reported in the other group. All the maternal morbidities occurred to women who underwent emergency cesarean section. Out of the 19 women in group I and 36 women in group II who underwent emergency cesarean section, 1 (5.3%) and 6 (16.7%) women had morbidities. Conclusion Women requiring elective cesarean section can safely be done between 37 and 39 weeks with no further significant increase in the rates of neonatal morbidity such as TTN and RDS. How to cite this article Roy P, Jeyaseelan L, Ruby J, Garg R. Respiratory Morbidity in Term Infants delivered by Elective Cesarean Section at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(4):312-317.

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IGARTUA SALAVERRIA, JUAN. « OTRA VEZ SOBRE NOMBRAMIENTOS DE ALTOS CARGOS JUDICIALES : LA SALA 3ª DEL TS RETOMA EL RUMBO ». RVAP 80, n^o 80 (1 avril 2008) : 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.80.2008.07.

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He aquí un nuevo episodio jurisdiccional que ilustra las oscilaciones de la Sala Tercera (esta última venturosa, no así la que la precedía -según comentario publicado en este misma Revista-) en la interpretación y aplicación de su propia doctrina, en torno a la motivación de los nombramientos judiciales discrecionales, formulada en Sentencia de 29 de mayo de 2006. Hona hemen, beste behin, nola aldatzen duen Hirugarren Aretoak, epaileen izendapen diskrezionalak arrazoitzeko orduan, bere doktrina interpretatzeko eta aplikatzeko modua; oraingo honetan 2006ko maiatzaren 26ko epaian egin du hori, eta garai onean gainera, aurrekoan ez bezala (aldizkari honetan bertan argitaratutako iruzkinaren arabera behintzat). Here again a new judicial chapter that exemplifies the swings by the Supreme Court¿ Third Section (this time fortunate, and not like the previous one ¿as it was written in this Review¿) on the interpretation and application of its own caselaw relating to motivation of dicretional judicial appointments, as formulated in judgment of May 29th 2006.

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Hamir, Amir N., et Charles E. Rupprecht. « Hepatic Capillariasis (Capillaria Hepatica) in Porcupines (Erethizon Dorsatum) in Pennsylvania ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, n^o 5 (septembre 2000) : 463–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200514.

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Tissues of 53 adult porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum) from Pennsylvania were obtained for histopathologic examination. Hepatic capillariasis was recorded in 9% of the porcupines. An additional 11% of the liver sections showed lesions that were compatible with migration by Capillaria hepatica. Because only 1 section of the liver per animal was examined microscopically, the documented prevalence of C. hepatica in Pennsylvania is considered conservatively low. However, this condition was subclinical, because none of the infected animals showed clinical signs, and none revealed severe pathologic changes in the affected livers. This seems to be the only report of C. hepatica in porcupines.

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HASSAN, SAMIA, MISBAH KAUSAR JAVAID et SADIA TARIQ. « EMERGENCY CAESAREAN SECTION ». Professional Medical Journal 15, n^o 02 (10 mars 2008) : 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.02.2772.

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Objective: Comparative analysis of problems encountered betweenpatients of elective caesarean section and patients for whom elective caesarean section was planned but ended upin emergency caesarean section. Design: Descriptive prospective analysis. Setting: Gynae Unit-II, Services Hospital,Lahore. Duration: One year, 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2006. Patients & Methods: A prospective study of st st100 patients who presented for antenatal care (ANC) and for whom elective caesarean section (CS) was planned wasdone. Patients evaluation was done on a designed performa that included demographic, social and obstetrical histories.Problems encountered in the preparatory stage, logistic problems, administrative problems, problems encounteredduring surgery, maternal, fetal mortality and morbidity were noted. Results: The patients were divided into twocategories. Categories I: included patients who had elective CS and category II: included patients who ended up inemergency CS. Numerous problems were encountered for category II patients. In the preparatory phase there wasdifficulty in arranging medicines for 32 patients. (59.2%), arranging blood for 28 patients (51.8%), obtaining consentfor 1 patient (1.85%). Logistic problems included non-availability of operation theatre for 15 patients (27.75%), nonavailability of anaesthetist for 9 patients (16.65%), and non-availability of paediatrician for 38 babies (17.3%). Noneof the emergency CS were done with in the recommended 30 minutes interval. Despite this, there was no significantcoloration between the decision delivery interval (DDI) and perinatal outcome. In our study like threatening cases wereoperative within 60 minutes. Intra operative problems in the category II patients included adhesions in 40 patients (74%)vs 10 patients (21.7%) of category I, partial dehiscence in 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I. Excessive hemorrhage in 8 patients (14.8%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Among thepost operative complications anemia was present in 20 patients (43.4%) of category I vs 45 patients (83.25%) ofcategory II patients. Blood transfusion was required for 16 patients (29.6%) of category II vs 4 patients (8.68%) ofcategory I and all patients were given iron supplement. Major wound infection were seen in 9 patients (16.65%) ofcategory II vs 2 patients (4.34%) of category I. Resuturing was done after appropriate antibiotic cover and dailyantiseptic dressing. Minor wound infections were seen in 22 patients (40.7%) of category II vs 12 patients (26.04%)of category I. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) was seen in 6 patients (11.1%) of category II vs 1 patient (2.17%) ofcategory I. Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI) was seen in 5 patients (9.25%) of category II vs 2 patients (4.34%) ofcategory I. All these were treated by appropriate antibiotic cover. Regarding the neonatal outcome 16 babies (29.6%)of category II were kept under observation in neonatal nursery (NNU) as compared to 6 (13.02%) babies of categoryI. Admission for 2-10 days in NNU were 8 babies (14.96%) of category II vs 2 babies (4.34%) of category I. 2 babies(3.74%) of category II expired later while none of category I. Conclusion: Patients for whom elective CS was plannedbut who ended up in emergency CS, the DDI was prolonged and there was increase risk of maternal morbidity, fetalmorbidity and mortality as compared to those patients who had elective CS.

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Kakkar, Rakesh, et Pradeep Aggarwal. « Book Review : ‘Till We Win - India’s fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic’ ». Indian Journal of Community Health 32, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2020) : 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i04.028.

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‘Till We Win’ is a book which provides a comprehensive overview of India’s journey. It deliberates how India, as a nation, fought and continue to fight against the novel coronavirus, SARS CoV-2. It documents and analyses the COVID-19 pandemic responses and provides lessons for health systems strengthening. The book has four section and eleven chapters. The first section focuses upon why viruses are likely to cause pandemic and how human activities are increasing the risks of outbreaks and epidemics. The next section deliberates on India’s pandemic response and how the policies had evolved with every new emerging condition. The authors argue that none of the country was fully prepared for the pandemic of the such a magnitude which eventually had disrupted even ‘so called’ better performing health system.

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Burnside, Craig. « The Cross Section of Foreign Currency Risk Premia and Consumption Growth Risk : Comment ». American Economic Review 101, n^o 7 (1 décembre 2011) : 3456–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.3456.

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Lustig and Verdelhan (2007) argue that the excess returns to borrowing US dollars and lending in foreign currency “compensate US investors for taking on more US consumption growth risk,” yet the stochastic discount factor corresponding to their benchmark model is approximately uncorrelated with the returns they study. Hence, one cannot reject the null hypothesis that their model explains none of the cross sectional variation of the expected returns. Given this finding, and other evidence, I argue that the forward premium puzzle remains a puzzle. JEL: C58, E21, F31, G11, G12

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Hall, A. D., B. K. Puri, T. Stewart et P. S. Grahame. « Doctors' Holding Power in Practice : Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 ». Medicine, Science and the Law 35, n^o 3 (juillet 1995) : 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500310.

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Section 5(2) of the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) is a commonly used short term power of detention often implemented by junior medical staff, which has no statutory right of appeal. There is little published analysis of its use in clinical practice. A detailed case note study of its use in a psychiatric service with a large catchment area is presented. Fifty-seven per cent of the patients detained under s.5(2) were female. Affective psychosis was over-represented in detained females, while schizophrenia and paranoid states were over-represented in males. Eight per cent of s.5(2) detentions were initiated via the nurses' holding power, s.5(4). None of these patients were subsequently regraded to s.2 or 3, which may be accounted for by the finding that personality disorder and alcohol dependence were more commonly diagnosed in this subgroup. Of s.5(2) detainees, none of those with a non-psychotic disorder were regraded to s.2 or 3. Three patients had not accepted in-patient admission prior to implementation of s.5(2). Moreover, 38 per cent of all s.5(2) detentions took place within 24 hours of admission. Patients with a psychotic disorder were more likely to be detained within 24 hours of admission. Doubts regarding the validity of consent to voluntary admission in these patients are raised.

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Abboud, Therese K., Michael J. Moore, Jerry Jacobs, Kazushige Murakawa, Manoutchehr Soraya et Jay Zhu. « Epidural Mepivacaine for Cesarean Section : Maternal and Neonatal Effects ». Regional Anesthesia : The Journal of Neural Blockade in Obstetrics, Surgery, & ; Pain Control 12, n^o 2 (avril 1987) : 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-00115550-198712020-00003.

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The effects of epidural anesthesia using mepivacaine on maternal blood pressure, newborn Apgar scores, neonatal acid-base status, and the Early Neonatal Neurobehavioral Scale (ENNS) were studied in 21 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. Maternal and neonatal blood levels of mepivacaine were also determined. Neonatal outcome was compared with a control group of 14 neonates of healthy mothers who received 3% 2-chloroprocaine for elective cesarean section. All patients had satisfactory anesthesia for cesarean section with an onset of 19 ± 1.8 minutes (mean ± SEM) and duration of 95 ± 11.9 minutes. Hypotension developed in two patients, and they were treated with intravenous ephedrine. All neonates had Apgar scores of 8 or more at 1 and 5 minutes and normal blood gases and acid-base status. None of the variables of the ENNS differed significantly between the mepivacaine and the chloroprocaine control group with the exception of truncal tone, which was significantly higher in the mepivacaine group ( p < 0.05). Mepivacaine was detected in all maternal and fetal samples, and the umbilical venous to maternal venous ratio was 0.57 ± 0.17 (mean ± SEM).

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Lowe-Ponsford, Francesca L., et Ayaz Begg. « Place of Safety and Section 136 at Gatwick Airport ». Medicine, Science and the Law 36, n^o 4 (octobre 1996) : 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249603600406.

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Seventy-nine adults and nineteen children were arrested at Gatwick Airport under s.136 over the period of one year although not all were formally held under this section at the police station (i.e. not all were accepted by the custody police officer). Their notes at the police station were reviewed. None of the children and only half of the adults were eventually seen by a doctor. The police were able to deal with the others. Half of these latter were missing persons. Those referred to a doctor tended to be suicidal or confused compared with those who were dealt with solely by the police. In addition, the police station as a place of safety probably influenced management in that people were dealt with quickly. The phenomenon of ‘wanderers’ is commented upon. This study suggests that when reviewing people held by the police as a result of their behaviour, a more comprehensive study can be performed by considering those arrested under s.136, but needing a more informal approach, at the police station.

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Gupta, Nupur, Taru Gupta et Ritu Singh. « Feto-maternal outcome in second versus first stage caesarean delivery in a tertiary medical care centre ». International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, n^o 12 (26 novembre 2018) : 5084. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184971.

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Background: The aim is to study neonatal and maternal outcomes of the caesarean sections performed in first stage versus second stage of labour. Methods: The retrospective analysis of data were done of caesarean section done at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur New Delhi between January 2016 to December 2016. 45 women, who underwent second stage caesarean section were studied. For each case, two consecutive cases, who underwent caesarean delivery during the first stage of labour were taken as control for the study. Primary maternal outcomes of interest were uterine atonia, transfusion requirement, urinary system injury and postoperative complications. Results: Out of 4477 deliveries, 1466 had caesarean section with a rate of 32%. The rate of second stage caesarean section was 3% of total caesarean section and 1% of total deliveries. Second stage caesarean section had higher maternal and perinatal morbidity like atonic PPH (33.3%), lower uterine segment extension (7%), febrile morbidity (10%), and need for blood transfusion (15%). There were 15.5% NICU admission in second stage caesarean group while none in first stage group. Conclusions: Caesarean section in the second stage of the labour is associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidities. Special attention is required to the patients undergoing caesarean section in the second stage of the labour. They should be handled by senior and experienced obstetrician. Neonatologist should be present for every second stage caesarean section.

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Vaswani, Babita P., Aditi Trivedi et Sriram Gopal. « Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section : a retrospective analysis ». International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, n^o 2 (28 janvier 2020) : 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200337.

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Background: Cesarean section is becoming a more common delivery type worldwide. The objective of this study was to compare surgical morbidity in extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal techniques of cesarean section.Methods: A total of 60 patients was included in this study out of which 30 underwent extraperitoneal cesarean section(ECS) and 30 patients underwent transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) and compared both the techniques with respect to nausea or vomiting intra-operatively, pain score (as measured by visual analogue scale) post operatively, return of bowel function and blood loss.Results: Intra-operative nausea and vomiting was noted in 33.34% of patients in TCS group while none of the patients in ECS group had any such complaints. No difference was noted in average blood loss between the 2 groups. Post-operative pain in ECS was 4.13 as compared to 6.86 in TCS. Return of bowel sounds in ECS group was much earlier (5.46 hours) as compared to TCS group (11.33 hours).Conclusions: We conclude that extraperitoneal technique is advantageous over transperitoneal approach. Decreased nausea and vomiting, early return of bowel function in the post-operative period, decreased post-operative pain allowing early feeding and mobilization are definite benefits of this technique. This further helps in making a relatively smoother post-operative recovery.

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Li, Liang, Tianhua Zhou, Junwu Chen et Jianfeng Chen. « A New Buckling-Restrained Brace with a Variable Cross-Section Core ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (26 décembre 2019) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4620430.

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In this paper, a new type of buckling-restrained brace characterized by a variable cross-section core (BRB-VCC) is proposed and investigated. The practical design equations of the BRB-VCC are derived based on mechanical and mathematical theories. Six specimens are designed and tested to clarify the mechanical behaviours of the BRB-VCC and to validate the reliability of the proposed equations. The test results show that (1) none of the specimens buckle under compression, as expected, and their ductilities and energy dissipation capacities are satisfactory; (2) the derived formulas are reliable and can be conveniently used in engineering practice; and (3) the yielding displacement of the BRB-VCC is approximately 70% that of the traditional TJ-1 buckling-restrained brace (BRB-TJ-1), which may yield earlier than the BRB-TJ-1 in concrete structures under the action of an earthquake.

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Muthukrishnan, Dharini, et Prabha Janakiraman. « Successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemically administered methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac : a rare case report ». International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, n^o 6 (26 mai 2022) : 1782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20221459.

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The incidence and diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy is on rise because of rising caesarean section rates. Though many modalities are available for its management, none seems to be superior and data regarding them are also lacking. Here we are presenting a rare case report of successful conservative management of viable caesarean scar pregnancy with systemic methotrexate followed by ultrasound guided ethanol ablation of gestational sac.

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Steele, Russell W., James R. McConnell, Richard F. Jacobs et John R. Mawk. « Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis : Coronal Thin-Section Cranial Computed Tomography to Delineate Anatomic Defects ». Pediatrics 76, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1985) : 950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.6.950.

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Three patients with histories of recurrent bacterial meningitis were previously examined with skull and sinus radiographs, routine cranial computed tomography, intrathecal radioisotope tracer studies, and immunologic evaluation. None of these studies were diagnostic. Pneumococcal vaccine and prophylactic penicillin therapy were ineffective in preventing recurrent episodes in two cases. Thin-section (2-mm) direct coronal computed cranial tomography demonstrated anatomic defects in all three patients. The use of metrizamide cisternography was not necessary to diagnose the defects. All patients had basiethmoidal encephaloceles which were repaired surgically. Direct coronal computed tomography offers a relatively easy noninvasive method for delineating anatomic abnormalities in patients with recurrent meningitis.

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Cummings, James. « Strong ultrapowers and long core models ». Journal of Symbolic Logic 58, n^o 1 (mars 1993) : 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2275336.

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In his paper [7] Steel asked whether there can exist a normal measure U on a cardinal κ such thatWe use Reverse Easton forcing to show that this is consistent from a P2κ hypermeasure; we also show that the result is sharp, using the core model for nonoverlapping coherent extender sequences.The proof uses forcing technology due to Woodin.In this section we collect some facts that are useful in the forcing constructions of the next section. None of them are due to us, and we are unsure to whom they should be attributed for the most part. We give sketchy proofs; the reader who wants to see more details is referred to [2].

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van Gelderen, Elly. « The Northumbrian Old English glosses ». NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 72, n^o 2 (10 décembre 2019) : 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00024.gel.

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Abstract The articles in this volume contribute to our understanding of Northumbrian Old English of the 10th century, of the nature of external influence, and of the authorship of the glosses. This introduction provides a background to these three areas. Most of the introduction and contributions examine the Lindisfarne Glosses with some discussion of the Rushworth and Durham Glosses. Section 2 shows that the Lindisfarne glossator often adds a (first and second person) pronoun where the Latin has none but allows third person null subjects. Therefore, although the Latin original has obvious influence, Old English grammar comes through. Section 3 reviews the loss of third person -th verbal inflection in favor of -s, especially in Matthew. This reduction may be relevant to the role of external (Scandinavian and British Celtic) influence and is also interesting when the language of the Lindisfarne and Durham Glosses is compared. In Section 4, the use of overt pronouns, relatives, and demonstratives shows an early use of th-pronouns, casting doubt on a Norse origin of they. Section 5 looks at negation mainly from a northern versus southern perspective and Section 6 sums up. Section 7 previews the other contributions and their major themes, namely possible external (Latin, Norse, or British Celtic) influence, the linguistic differences among glossators, the spacing of ‘prefixes’ as evidence for grammaticalization, and the role of doublets.

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OKUDAIRA, RYUJI, et ANDREW HUXLEY. « A Burmese tract on kingship : political theory in the 1782 manuscript of Manugye ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, n^o 2 (juin 2001) : 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01000143.

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In 1782, the year of King Badon's coronation, someone close to the Burmese palace wrote a legal manuscript. This paper gives a translation of and commentary on that section of the manuscript dealing with kingship. By tracing the sources of the material used, it contributes to the debate about the sources of Burmese political philosophy. Was precolonial Burmese political thought primarily Hindu, primarily Buddhist, primarily Indian or none of the above?

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S., Bebincy D., et Chitra J. « Extraperitoneal versus transperitoneal cesarean section in surgical morbidity in a tertiary care centre ». International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, n^o 8 (26 juillet 2017) : 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173450.

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Background: To test the advantages of extraperitoneal cesarean section over transperitoneal cesarean section.Methods: It is a single blinded prospective study. Women who were planned for emergency LSCS in the department of OG, Kanyakumari Government Medical College, Asaripallam were randomly allocated into extraperitoneal cesarean section (ECS) (n=80) or transperitoneal cesarean section (TCS) (n=80) from November 2015 to January 2017 and evaluated.Results: Even though the time taken to deliver the baby was more in ECS group (Average 4:57 minutes) than TCS group (Average 2:05 minutes, there is no change in Apgar score at 1 minute. The postoperative pain measured by VAS was lesser (4.28) in ECS than TCS (7.06). Bowel function returned early in ECS (8.687 hours) than in TCS (16.487 hours) group. None of the cases in ECS group had peroperative vomiting or post-operative wound infection.Conclusions: So, we can conclude that ECS is a better method in experienced hands than the TCS in selected cases.

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Gouvea, Rodrigo A. dos S. « Physicalism without identity ». Trans/Form/Ação 43, n^o 2 (juin 2020) : 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-3173.2020.v43n2.14.p253.

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Abstract This paper presents and discusses the most influential attempts to characterize physicalism without postulating relations of identity between the physical and the prima facie non-physical. The first section deals with a possible criticism that these attempts are misguided, since they contradict the physicalist slogan “everything there is physical.” In the second section, I elucidate the different formulations of the physicalist supervenience claim, and argue that none of them consists in an adequate characterization of physicalism. Three reasons are given in favor of this conclusion: their compatibility with forms of dualism (or pluralism); the fact that the supervenience relation is left unexplained; and Kim’s causal exclusion argument, which asserts that merely supervenient entities (i.e., ones that are not in identity relations with strictly physical entities) must be epiphenomenal. The third section presents the general features of another identity-independent attempt to characterize physicalism, namely realization physicalism. According to this view, tokens of prima facie non-physical types are realized by tokens of strictly physical types performing functional roles that specify the nature of the former. The third section also shows how realization physicalism deals with the objections that make physicalist supervenience claims inadequate for characterizing physicalism.

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Acharya, S., DK Uprety, HP Pokharel, R. Amatya et R. Rai. « Cesarean Section without Urethral Catheterization : A Randomized Control Trial ». Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10, n^o 2 (3 janvier 2013) : 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337.

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Background Urethral catheterization is done as a routine procedure in cesarean section. It is associated with high incidence of urinary tract infections, discomfort, delayed ambulation and longer hospital stay. Objective To determine the feasibility and safety of cesarean section without urethral catheterization. Methods A prospective, randomized controlled trial was carried out from April 2008 to March 2009, in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Among 150 patients who had undergone cesarean section 75 were catheterized and 75 were uncatheterized. Results First void discomfort was significantly associated with the use of indwelling catheter (OR 6.95, CI 95 %, 3.74 to 12.95; P< 0.001).Significant number of patients with indwelling catheter had signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (OR 6,CI 95%, 2.59 to 13. 86; P < 0.001). Positive urinalysis for urinary tract infection was high in catheterized group (P <0.001). Hospital stay was shorter in patients without catheter (p < 0.05). None of the patients had bladder injury. There were no significant differences in duration of surgery and ambulation time between two groups of patients. Conclusions Cesarean section can be done safely without urethral catheterization with reduced morbidities. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | Vol.10 | No. 2 | Issue 38 | Apr – June 2012 | Page 18-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i2.7337

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Khlebnikova, O. A., et Ya E. Terekhina. « New objects in section of the eastern Black Sea basin from 3D seismic data ». Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, n^o 3 (28 juin 2020) : 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2020-3-138-143.

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In the section of the eastern Black Sea basin and the Caucasus continental slope, according to 3D seismic data, unique objects were first discovered and described — vertical failure in the Upper Cretaceous — Lower Miocene deposits. An interesting feature of these structures is a close to isometric shape in plan. About 40 objects have been identified on an area of more than 1000 m2. «Bulls-eye» («multiphase») paleo-pockmarks [Andresen, Huuse, 2011], as well as karst collapse [Zuo et al., 2009] are proposed as world analogues with a similar wave pattern on seismic data. The corresponding genesis models are considered, but none of the theories allows drawing a conclusion. The discovered objects are unique and require further investigation.

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Ajaz, Muhammad, Irfan Khan et M. K. Suleymanov. « Production cross-section of heavy flavored hadrons in pp collision at s = 7 TeV ». Modern Physics Letters A 34, n^o 19 (20 juin 2019) : 1950150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319501505.

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The transverse momentum distribution of the differential production cross-sections of heavy flavored charm hadrons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in pp collisions at 7 TeV are simulated. Predictions of DPMJETIII.17-1, HIJING1.383 and Sibyll2.3c are compared to the differential cross-section measurements of the LHCb experimental data presented in the region of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the pp center of mass frame is used to measure the transverse momentum and rapidity. The models reproduce only some regions of [Formula: see text] and/or bins of [Formula: see text] but none of them predict completely all the [Formula: see text] bins over the entire [Formula: see text] range.

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Siewiorek, Gail M., Mark H. Wholey et Ender A. Finol. « In Vitro Performance Assessment of Distal Protection Devices for Carotid Artery Stenting : Effect of Physiological Anatomy on Vascular Resistance ». Journal of Endovascular Therapy 14, n^o 5 (octobre 2007) : 712–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280701400517.

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Purpose: To assess in vitro the performance of 5 distal protection devices (DPDs) by evaluating the capture efficiency, pressure gradient, volume flow rate, and vascular resistance in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods: The time-averaged mean peak velocity in the common carotid artery and a blood-mimicking solution were used to simulate physiological conditions in a silicone carotid phantom representing average human carotid artery geometry with a 70% symmetrical ICA stenosis. Five milligrams of dyed 200-μm nominal diameter polymer microspheres (larger than the pore size of the devices, except Spider RX, which was tested with 300-μm-diameter particles) were injected into the ICA. The percentages of particles missed after injection and lost during device retrieval were measured for the 5 devices (Spider RX, FilterWire EZ, RX Accunet, Angioguard XP, and Emboshield). The normalized pressure gradient, fraction of the volume flow rate, and vascular resistance in the ICA were calculated. Results: Spider RX captured the most particles (missing 0.06%, p<0.05) and yielded the smallest normalized pressure gradient increase (4.2%), the largest volume flow rate fraction (0.40), and the smallest vascular resistance in the ICA (272 mmHg/L·min−1, a 5.4% increase with respect to initial conditions). Angioguard XP captured the fewest particles (missing 36.3%, p<0.05 except Emboshield) and resulted in the largest normalized pressure gradient increase (37%) in the ICA. RX Accunet produced the smallest volume flow rate fraction in the ICA (0.30) and the largest vascular resistance in the ICA (470 mmHg/L·min−1, an 82.2% increase). Emboshield migrated ∼6 cm distal to the original position after particle injection. FilterWire EZ lost the fewest particles during retrieval (0.45%, p<0.05 except Accunet RX and Spider RX) and had the best overall performance with 200-μm emboli (p<0.05 except Accunet RX). Conclusion: None of the devices tested completely prevented embolization. Overall, Spider RX had the best performance and is conjectured to have the best wall apposition of the devices tested. Vascular resistance should be considered a key filter design parameter for performance testing since it represents a quantitative estimation of the “slow-flow phenomenon.” Our findings should be extrapolated cautiously to help interventionists choose the best device.

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Nasreen, Shaikh Zinnatara, Safinaz Shahreen, Saleheen Huq et Sabereen Huq. « Prevention of Postoperative Adhesions of Caesarean Section ». Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons 35, n^o 2 (29 juillet 2017) : 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v35i2.33369.

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Adhesions means fibrous or scar tissue that results from the healing process. Up to 95% of patients who have surgery develop adhesions. Adhesions formation and its long term sequel is a well known complication of the surgery but unfortunately very little is investigated about the prevention. The long term morbidities such as chronic pelvic pain, secondary infertility, hospital readmission, bowel obstruction, difficult repeat C/S with increased bleeding, longer operative time, injury to bowel ,bladder, ureters and placental accreta spectrum disorder from adhesions are the main concern. The cost for these adhesions is extreme burden for the developing countries. Several preventive agents against postoperative adhesions have been investigated. The proper surgical technique remains the cornerstone for good outcomes and risks reduction. Careful tissue handling, keeping tissue moist, meticulous homeostasis, minimization of tissue ishcaemia and avoiding excessive tissue desiccation, the use of micro and a traumatic instruments are very important to prevent the adhesive disorders. Several chemical agents, mechanical barriers and hydrofloatation are being used which seems to be promising. But all of them have some limitations. All these Barriers are being used widely but need to be properly evaluated, before its routine use. FDA approved Barrier Seprafilm, Hydrofloation Adept are popular but also CoSeal, SurgiWrap and Plasmax( not FDA approved ) are getting much popularity. Oxidized regenerated cellulose is promising but for C/S is not properly evaluated. The chemical barriers like NSAID, Steroids, antifibrinolytic agents and anticoagulant are being used since ancient period but they are not proved to be superior to adhesive barriers. In the current state of knowledge, none can replace the good surgical technique. Therefore along with the training of appropriate surgical technique, preclinical or clinical studies are still necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the several proposed prevention strategies and more researches are time demanding to prevent postoperative adhesions.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(2): 86-90

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C., T. E. « CAESAREAN SECTION BY AN OX (1885) ». Pediatrics 84, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1989) : 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.1.82.

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In scanning medical journals of the nineteenth century I have come across a number of bizarre anecdotal clinical reports. None, however, has yet equaled the case cited below. The following case is probably unique in the medical literature. My memory is refreshed from notes taken by DR. MEANS, who saw the case with me in consultation. Mrs. P, age 34, the mother of seven children and near full term in her eighth pregnancy, on November 16th. was gored by an infuriated ox. The horn of the beast entered at the anterior superior spinous process of the ilium, and made a rent extending to the umbilicus, and involving both the abdominal parietes and the walls of the uterus. The child was extruded through the wound in half an hour after the occurrence of the accident. When I arrived on the scene, I found the child fully delivered but remaining attached to the cord, which I ligatured and severed. There being no dilatation of either the os uteri or the vagina, I delivered the placenta through the rent and applied a bandage. The patient was almost lifeless from hemorrhage and shock, and I placed her on morphine and whisky. On the following day she was still alive and DR. MEANS was called in consultation at 9:30 a.m. The small intestines escaped from the wound on removal of the bandage, and were returned with much difficulty. The wound was now closed with interrupted sutures, a carbolized compress was applied, and the morphine and whisky continued internally. At 5:00 p.m. of the same day I found the pulse 130 and respiration 25 per minute; the abdomen was greatly distended, and the vital powers were fast becoming exhausted. On the following morning I found on my visit that the woman had expired at 10:00 o'clock of the previous night. SHAKESPEARE speaks of MACBETH as having been torn from his mother's womb by a wild boar, but probably the statement must be charged to poetic license. I believe the case I have above reported to be the only authentic case of Caesarian section performed by a beast on record. It may be interesting to know that the child suffered little or nothing from the violent and unusual method of delivery, and is alive to-day, a vigorous and thriving boy.

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Govardhanam, V., P. Tandon et V. huang. « A181 CAUSES FOR C-SECTION IN IBD PATIENTS : A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW ». Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (1 mars 2021) : 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.179.

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Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) or IBD-unclassified. Current expert guidelines recommend only two IBD-related reasons to consider C-section: perianal CD and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) history. However, the incidence of C section among IBD patients is higher than the non-IBD patients. There is a sparsity of literature on what other factors influence the decision to perform caesarean delivery among IBD patients. Aims To investigate IBD-related and non-IBD related reasons leading to C-section in IBD patients. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on women with IBD, >18 years of age and/or older, who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto 2016–2019. OB records and OR records were reviewed to obtain information specific to C-section. Results A total of 119 deliveries were reviewed. 47 out of the 119 had C-section delivery. 42.9% (N=21) of C-section was in UC patients and 57.1% (N=28) was in CD patients. Maternal request comprised 2.1% (N=1) and arrest of cervical dilation 6.4% (N=3). 20.4% (N=10) patients failed vaginal delivery. Only 8.7% of C-section deliveries were Primiparous. 42.9% (N=12) of patients from the CD category that underwent C-section had fistulizing CD. 46.4% (N=13) of patients with CD had stricturing CD and underwent C-Section. 63.8% (N=30) of the patients that had C-section had planned C-Section. 26.6% (N=8) of the planned C-section was due to a history of the perianal disease and only 13.3% (N=4) had an active perianal disease. Other causes for planned C-section included J-pouch (10%, N=3) and active UC (2.1%, N=1). As per expert recommendation, we would anticipate 14% of patients to have C-section due to IBD related reasons however we found that 30% of the patients had C-section due to IBD related reasons. Conclusions Based on the preliminary data from our retrospective study we find that 30% of the C-sections were due to IBD related reasons and 70% C-sections were from non-IBD related reasons. Funding Agencies None

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Wilson, Trevor C., Barry J. Conn et Murray J. Henwood. « Molecular phylogeny and systematics of Prostanthera (Lamiaceae) ». Australian Systematic Botany 25, n^o 5 (2012) : 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb12006.

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Prostanthera is the largest genus of Lamiaceae in Australia and was last comprehensively revised in 1870. To test the classification, and the homology of the morphological characters on which it is based, we analysed nuclear (ETS) and chloroplast (trnT–F and ndhF–rpl32) sequence data for 71 species of Westringieae (Lamiaceae) in separate and combined datasets by using maximum-parsimony and Bayesian-inference methods. Results supported the monophyly of the Westringieae, but indicated that Prostanthera is paraphyletic with respect to Wrixonia, requiring the latter to be synonymised with the former. Although combinations of datasets provided some degree of infrageneric resolution within Prostanthera sensu lato, none of its sections or series could be recovered unambiguously. Prostanthera section Prostanthera and P. section Klanderia (regarded as entomophilous and ornithophilous, respectively) did not form a sister relationship, and neither could be unequivocally resolved as monophyletic. However, all species of P. section Klanderia nested within P. section Prostanthera raising the possibility that P. section Prostanthera is paraphyletic. Similarly, the phylogeny of Prostanthera based on molecular data could not be reconciled with the morphological definition of the traditionally recognised series. We recommend abandoning Bentham’s series as a means of organising morphological variation within the genus, but acknowledge that it is premature to discard Bentham’s sections. The evolutionary and systematic implications of the lack of congruence between our molecular phylogeny and morphologically defined subgeneric taxa are discussed.

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Trafimow, David. « A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals ». Econometrics 7, n^o 2 (4 juin 2019) : 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics7020026.

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There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

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Magrini, Sara, et Anna Scoppola. « Cytological status of Viola kitaibeliana (Section Melanium, Violaceae) in Europe ». Phytotaxa 238, n^o 3 (16 décembre 2015) : 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.238.3.9.

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Viola kitaibeliana Schultes in Roemer & Schultes (1819: 383) was described for “Pannonia” as a small pansy with “caule erecto simplicissimo, foliis grosse crenatis, inferioribus subrotundis glabris, superioribus obovatis, stipulis similibus subintegerrimis, basive subpinnatis, petalo cornuto calycem glabrum aequante, reliquis brevioribus. Arvensi proxima, hac praecocior multo, (Aprili florens!) tenerior, et notis indicatis satis distincta. Flores 2, vel unicus, raro tres, oblique erecti in pedunculis folia excedentibus.” (Typus: M0112803; Fig. 1). Thereafter, many other names have been assigned to similar pansies described outside the Pannonian region: e.g. V. tricolor Linneus (1753: 935) var. nana De Candolle (1824: 304) and V. nemausensis Jordan (1846: 18) in France, V. tricolor subsp. minima Gaudin (1828: 210) in Switzerland, V. tricolor var. trimestris De Candolle (1824: 304), V. tricolor var. henriquesii Willk. ex Coutinho (1892: 36) and V. tricolor var. machadeana Coutinho (1892: 36) in the Iberian Peninsula. None of these taxa have been reported in Flora Europaea by Valentine et al. (1968) and later they have been included in V. kitaibeliana or placed in synonymy with it in the main floras (e.g. Muñoz Garmendia et al. 1993). According to Valentine et al. (1968) and to the updates of Magrini & Scoppola (2015b), in Europe V. kitaibeliana is widespread from Southwest to East, extending to Ukraine (Fig. 2).

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Sederer, Lloyd I. « Inpatient psychiatry : why do we need it ? » Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 19, n^o 4 (décembre 2010) : 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00000610.

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AbstractThe author makes the case for the necessity of inpatient psychiatric services in a comprehensive, community based, system of care. The editorial begins with an historical perspective on mental hospitals. It then discusses acute and intermediate psychiatric inpatient units. A section also covers forensic units, also indispensable for a region or population of any size. The editorial concludes with a call for recognizing the purpose and value of inpatient services and thus using them most effectively.Declaration of Interest: None.

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Dodge, William S. « The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality in Two Steps ». AJIL Unbound 110 (2016) : 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002385.

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For the past twenty-five years, the presumption against extraterritoriality has been the Supreme Court’s principal tool for determining the geographic scope of federal statutes. In 2010, Morrison v. National Australia Bank used the presumption to decide the scope of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act, which prohibits securities fraud. Morrison approached the question in two steps. First, it looked for a “clear indication of extraterritoriality” to rebut the presumption and found none. Second, it looked to see if application of the statute would be domestic or extraterritorial by examining the “focus” of the provision. Plaintiffs argued that applying Section 10(b) would be domestic because the alleged fraud occurred in the United States, although they had bought their shares in Australia. The Court disagreed, holding that application of Section 10(b) would be extraterritorial because “the focus of the Exchange Act is not upon the place where the deception originated, but upon purchases and sales of securities in the United States,” and in this case the transaction occurred abroad.

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