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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Export controls – Germany (West) »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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Hofhansel, Claus. "Explaining Foreign Economic Policy: A Comparison of U.S and West German Export Controls." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 3 (1990): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00005845.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyzes differences between United States and West German export controls. It shows that United States controls are more extensive and stricter than controls in West Germany. Three possible explanations for this variation in policy are considered. First, these two states differ in regard to their positions in the international system and in their choice of economic strategies. Second, the extent of domestic political support for strict export control policies varies between the two countries. Finally, West Germany lacks the institutional framework to adequately control it

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Schürmann, Heinz Jürgen. "Structural Changes and Performance of the German Oil Industry." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 4 (1986): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400401.

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More than in many other countries, the oil market in West Germany is traditionally characterised by liberal trade patterns. This open market allowed a virtually free inflow of oil products. Hence, the pressure on prices at Rotterdam's spot market affected directly the product prices for German consumers. In all end-product markets, oligopoly and strong competition by outsiders prevail. If the cutthroat competition is intensified, this may lead to an alteration of the supply structure within the group of the quite heterogeneous market participants. The West German oil industry is passing throug

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Gracheva, Maria. "Regional Aspect: Commodity Structure of Germany’s Exports." Contemporary Europe 101, no. 1 (2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope1202195107.

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The article examines the specificity of commodities exports of Germany’s eastern and western lands. The indicators of sectoral export specialization are determined by comparing sectoral export quotas of the federal lands and the East/West with the general German sectoral export quotas. Calculations are based on data from the country's Federal Statistical Office for 2008 and 2019. As a result of the analysis of the indicators obtained, the general characteristics of the export specifics in relation to industrial branches and federal lands in two parts of the country are formulated, changes amon

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Mokoro, Brian. "Review of After War: The Political Economy of Exporting Democracy by Christopher Coyne." New Perspectives on Political Economy 04, no. 1 (2008): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/8hpkx792.

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West Germany, Japan, Somalia, Haiti, Afghanistan and Iraq. What do these six countries have in common? Each of these countries has been the site of a U.S. led postwar military occupation and reconstruction. At various points in the past century, the United States has endeavored to export liberal democracy to nations abroad. While some of these reconstructions have succeeded – West Germany and Japan are clear success stories – others, like Somalia, have failed miserably. The outcomes of other endeavors, specifically Iraq and Afghanistan, are still undetermined. When looking at the various outco

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Rodionova, I. A. "REGIONS AND COUNTRIES - LEADERS OF MODERN WORLD TRADE: WHAT'S NEW?" International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no. 2 (2023): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-113-125.

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This article analyzes the main parameters of world trade in goods and services by aggregated export and import items, by regions of the world and leading countries. As a result of the changing geopolitical situation in the world, when developing countries are trying to change the old world order (with the hegemony of Western countries over the United States), the conditions of world trade and the share of certain countries in global export and import indicators are changing. The analysis of world trade is based on statistical data from the UN, WTO and other international organizations. The cha

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Friedrichs, D. A., U. Buntgen, D. C. Frank, J. Esper, B. Neuwirth, and J. Loffler. "Complex climate controls on 20th century oak growth in Central-West Germany." Tree Physiology 29, no. 1 (2008): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpn003.

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Blaurock, Katharina, Burkhard Beudert, and Luisa Hopp. "Hydrological controls on temporal contributions of three nested forested subcatchments to the export of dissolved organic carbon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 11 (2025): 2377–91. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2377-2025.

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Abstract. Assessing the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial systems into inland waters reliably is of vital importance to understand the global carbon cycle in detail. In this context, hydrological connectivity within catchments is the prerequisite for transport processes from terrestrial systems into inland waters. Using high-frequency measurements of DOC concentrations via ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry, we quantified the DOC export at the outlets of three nested forested subcatchments within a 3.5 km2 headwater catchment in the Bavarian Forest National Park

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Broadman, Harry G., and Chaouki Abdallah. "G7: Balance security and collaboration." Science 376, no. 6599 (2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add3956.

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Increased government scrutiny of cross-border university research relationships, tightened export controls on technologies, and strengthened national regimes regulating technology-related foreign direct investment are now priorities for most democracies. These policy changes are motivated by the common goal of shoring up economic and national security. But the approaches are neither uniform nor harmonized, even among the relatively homogeneous G7 nations, undermining cross-border research and development (R&D) collaboration. When the leaders of G7 meet in late June in Schloss Elmau, German

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Carlin, Wendy, and David Soskice. "Shocks to the System: the German Political Economy Under Stress." National Institute Economic Review 159 (January 1997): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019715900104.

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The German economy is recovering hesitantly from the sharp post-unification boom and recession. Two features of recent West German performance are novel: there has been an unprecedented loss of jobs in industry, and manufacturing profitability has been pushed to its lowest level ever and is now low relative to other OECD economies. Serious problems with labour costs and innovation would be expected to show up in a weakening in the trend of export performance. That this has not yet happened is the consequence of the existence of an apparently robust innovation system which enables companies to

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KRASNOZHENOVA, ELENA E. "THE OCCUPANTS AND THE POPULATION OF NORTH-WEST RUSSIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." CASPIAN REGION: Politics, Economics, Culture 66, no. 1 (2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-510x-2021-66-1-016-023.

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The war of Germany against the USSR was based on the idea of expanding the "living space" of the German nation, capable of using the resources of the occupied territories of the Soviet republics for the benefit of its own development. The population of the countries destined for conquest must feed the German economy with man power resources, the natural reserves of their former territories will provide the economic needs of the German army and the entire German people. The most important tool for the economic use of the occupied territories was the tax system, the export of production equipmen

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Thèses sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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KUSCHKA, Marius. "Amerikanische Exportkontrollen und die Europäische Gemeinschaft : Positionen aus dem Völkerrecht und aus dem Europarecht." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5450.

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Livres sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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Macdonald, Stuart. Strategic export controls: Hurting the East or weakening the West? Economist Intelligence Unit, 1990.

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M, Kemme David, and Institute for East-West Security Studies., eds. Technology markets and export controls in the 1990s. New York University Press, 1991.

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Miklós, Losoncz. Erők és érdekek: Nyugati stratégiai koncepciók a kelet-nyugati gazdasági kapcsolatokban. Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó, 1986.

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1952-, Oda Hiroshi, ed. Law and politics of West-East technology transfer. M. Nijhoff/Graham & Trotman, 1991.

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Kuttner, Klaus. Mittel- und langfristige Exportfinanzierung: Besondere Erscheinungsformen in der Aussenhandelsfinanzierung. Gabler, 1988.

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Schaller, André. Schweizer Neutralität im West-Ost-Handel: Das Hotz-Linder-Agreement vom 23. Juli 1951. P. Haupt, 1987.

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Roodbeen, Hendrik. Trading the jewel of great value: The participation of the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, and Austria in the western strategic embargo. s.n., 1992.

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Berekoven, Ludwig. Internationales marketing. 2nd ed. Verlag Neue Wirtschafts-Briefe, 1985.

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Førland, Tor Egil. "Vi sier intet": Norge i COCOM 1948-53. Pax, 1988.

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Committee, on Science Engineering and Public Policy (U S. ). Panel on the Impact of National Security Controls on International Technology Transfer. Balancing the national interest: U.S. national security export controls and global economic competition. National Academy Press, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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Lamoureux, Christian. "Sanctions and Export Controls in France." In East-West Trade and the Atlantic Alliance. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21049-7_7.

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Bailey, Michael, Drew Johnston, Theresa Kuchler, Dominic Russel, Bogdan State, and Johannes Stroebel. "The Determinants of Social Connectedness in Europe." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60975-7_1.

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Abstract We use de-identified and aggregated data from Facebook to study the structure of social networks across European regions. Social connectedness declines strongly in geographic distance and at country borders. Historical borders and unions—such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czechoslovakia, and East/West Germany—shape present-day social connectedness over and above today’s political boundaries and other controls. All else equal, social connectedness is stronger between regions with residents of similar ages and education levels, as well as between regions that share a language and reli

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Bertsch, Gary K. "U.S. Export Controls." In National Security and Technology Transfer: The Strategic Dimensions of East-West Trade. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429044731-13.

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"Export Potential?" In Managers and Management in West Germany. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315223056-9.

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Goodman, S. E. "The Impact of U.S. Export Controls on the Soviet Computer Industry." In The Politics of East-West Trade. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429313868-5.

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Kotera, Akira. "Western Export Controls Affecting the Eastern Bloc – An International Law Viewpoint." In Law and Politics of West-East Technology Transfer. Brill | Nijhoff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004637610_004.

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Hirai, Susumu. "A Theory of the Administration of National Security Export Controls and the CoCom Reform." In Law and Politics of West-East Technology Transfer. Brill | Nijhoff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004637610_014.

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Gross, Stephen G. "The Energy Entanglement of Germany and Russia." In Energy and Power. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197667712.003.0010.

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Abstract This chapter shows how German elites coproduced a vast natural gas infrastructure with the Soviet Union and Russia between 1970 and 2000 that created a dual lock-in for their nation: to Russia and to the coupling paradigm. The conventional wing of the SPD and the CDU lauded gas as an abundant, inexpensive energy that the nation must have to remain an export powerhouse. But reasons other than energy drove the creation of this physical infrastructure as well. Under the SPD, West Germany linked natural gas first to Ostpolitik, then to geopolitical security, and later to domestic jobs to

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Fieldhouse, D. K. "Pools and Cocoa." In Merchant Capital And Economic Decolonization. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198226253.003.0004.

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Abstract The dominant characteristic of the West African market economy of the period before 1939, for reasons described in the previous chapter, was that it was a commercial jungle. Perhaps because the economy was uniquely geared to the international and highly speculative international commodity market, which determined the value of both its exports and imports, its domestic market fluctuated far more erratically than that of industrialized countries tied to the international business cycle. Because there were no effective barriers to entrance by firms from any other country, the number of f

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Marrison, Andrew. "The Federation of British Industries and Protection." In British Business and Protection 1903-1932. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198202981.003.0011.

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Abstract To the confusion of Tariff Reformers, who saw the advances they had made in 1916 and 1917 as permanent, the popularity of post-war retaliation against Germany receded in the late wartime and immediate post-war period as it was realized that the Getman economy had been far more damaged by the War than that of the allies, and in the longer term as it was perceived that European recovery was a condition for the restoration of prosperity in the international economy. Merchants and shippers soon lost their enthusiasm for trade restrictions, mirroring, in their desire to resurrect the pre-w

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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Dauster, Manfred. "Criminal Proceedings in Times of Pandemic." In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.18.

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COVID-19 caught humanity off guard at the turn of 2019/2020. Even when the Chinese government sealed off Wuhan, a city of millions, for weeks to contain the epidemic, no one in other parts of the world had any idea of what specifically was heading for the countries. The ignorant and belittling public statements and tweets of the former US president are still fresh in everyone's memory. Only when the Italian army carried the coffins with the COVID-19 victims in northern Italy, the gravesites spread in the Bergamo region, as well as the intensive care beds filled in the overcrowded hospitals, th

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Dzhusupova, Rimma, and Ron Vis. "Exploring the Potential of Offshore Green Hydrogen Production: A Concept Study for a Large-Scale Installation." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216851-ms.

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Abstract Green hydrogen production involves the use of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, or wave power to produce hydrogen. As the demand for large quantities of hydrogen continues to increase, it is necessary to scale up green hydrogen plant designs to the gigawatt scale. One of the main advantages of offshore green hydrogen production is the availability of more consistent and stronger wind resources, which can be directly connected to hydrogen production in the area. Unlike onshore production, offshore production does not require expensive infrastructure such as offshore HVDC su

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Export controls – Germany (West)"

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Strawser, Larry D. Conflicts in East-West Trade and Technology Transfer (1949-1989): Were Export Controls Worth the Cost? Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328916.

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