Bibliographies thématiques / Exocarp

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Exocarp »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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Noviardi, Harry, Sitaresmi Yuningtyas et Lydia Agustin. « INDUCED BREAST CANCER MCF-7 CELLS APOPTOSIS FROM EXTRACT COMBINATION OF JENGKOL PODS (Archidendron jiringa) AND PETAI CINA LEAVES (Leucaena leucocephala) ». Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Praktis 6, no 2 (26 janvier 2021) : 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/pharmacy.v6i2.3426.

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The jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves potentially as breast anticancer due to its highly toxic. The activity of cytotoxicity to the MCF-7 cells by the combination of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves is included in the potential category. The research aimed to determine the influence of the combination of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves on induction of the MCF-7 breast cancer apoptosis. Induction cell apoptosis of MCF-7 from a combination of extracts by using a double staining method. The cytotoxicity test from the extract combination of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves was determined by the MTT method. The extracts were made by comparing the mass of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves with comparisons of 5:1, 7:1, and 9:1. The IC50 values of the combination of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leave the ratio of 5:1, 7:1, and 9:1 were 11.7; 7.5; and 1.9 ppm, respectively. Apoptosis activity of the extract combination of the double staining test results showed MCF-7 cells experiencing orange and bright green fluorescence. The cellular form becomes wrinkled from the initial condition of the cell. Based on the results of the study showed a combination of jengkol pod exocarp and petai cina leaves could induce the MCF-7 breast cancer apoptosis cell.
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Wang, Jiaqi, Wenxin Xu, Xiaoyu Tang, Yuan Yao, Bozhi Wang, Xinyao Jiang, Yifei Gao, Yan Han et Bo Xiong. « Accumulation characteristics of total flavonoids in Sanhongmiyou and Huangjinmiyou ». E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020) : 03056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016503056.

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The experiment was conducted to study the tendency of the change of flavonoids content in pomelo during its growth and development and the characteristics of flavonoids accumulation in different cultivars Guanximiyou. The dried samples of the exocarp, mesocarp, and pulp of Sanhongmiyou and Huangjinmiyou were used for measuring the content of total flavonoids. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids in exocarp decreased first and then increased during growth and development, while the content in mesocarp did not change obviously. Furthermore, the content in pulp showed a decreasing trend. The content in exocarp was the highest at the earlystage, while in mesocarp was the highest at the mature stage of the fruit. The content of total flavonoids in exocarp and pulp of Sanhongmiyou was higher than that of Huangjinmiyou, total flavonoids content in the exocarp of Sanhongmiyou was similar to Huangjinmiyou within 150 days after anthesis. In addition, the variation trend of the two cultivars was consistent throughout the whole growth and development.
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Zhu, Zehua, Cheng Cheng, Debin Zhu, Dewen Liu et Yafei Zhang. « Compressive strength and microstructure of modified coffee exocarp cement-based composites ». BioResources 15, no 4 (15 octobre 2020) : 9059–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9059-9074.

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Portland cement-based composites were prepared with coffee exocarp (pretreated with water or NaOH) via vacuum extraction technology. An orthogonal test was adopted to analyze the influence of various factors on mechanical properties of the composite. The morphology and composition of the pretreated coffee exocarp and composites were analyzed via environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the coffee exocarp content and vacuum extraction time significantly affected the compressive strength. An addition of 10% coffee exocarp had a slight negative effect on the mechanical properties but enhanced the crack inhibition and overall toughness of the composite. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that the composite containing coffee exocarp pretreated with 4% NaOH solution had the highest density and exhibited the best properties due to mechanical interlocking between the coffee exocarp and cement. After 28 d of curing, the composites exhibited a maximum compressive strength of 15.72 MPa, a mass that was approximately 37% less than that of ordinary Portland cement samples, and a bulk density of 1.5 g/cm3 to 1.6 g/cm3. Hence, the produced biocomposites could be used for low-load pavements, providing a new type of economical building material.
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Mendili, Moahamed, Mohamed Ali Smach, Nedaa Husein et Ayda Khadhri. « Comparison of Antioxidant and Antiacetylcholinesterase Activities of Different Extracts of Tunisia Maclura pomifera (Rafin.) Schneid Fruit In Vitro and In Vivo ». Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry 8, no 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajmb.2020.10.

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Background: Maclura pomifera a member of Moraceae family, is a tropical plant with ethnobotanical uses. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of different extracts of Tunisia M. pomifera (Rafin.) Schneid fruit in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Organic extracts in different polarities (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone) were extracted from different parts of the fruit of M. pomifera (exocarp, mesocarp, and pips). Phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and anti-AChE activity were determined. The anti-amnesic effects of ethyl acetate extract of the exocarp of M. pomifera were measured in galactose-induced memory deficit mice by the Y maze. The levels of biomarkers and AChE activity were determined in brain tissues. Results: The obtained results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of exocarp contains the highest content of flavonoids and polyphenols 22.3mg quercetin equivalents per g of dry weight and 718.6 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of dry weight. The evaluation of antioxidant activities highlighted that the ethyl acetate extract of exocarp was the most active element. The study of the AChE inhibitory power demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract of the exocarp had the greatest inhibitory activity. The ethyl acetate extract from the exocarp ameliorated cognitive performance and reversed the oxidative damage as compared to galactose group. Conclusion: M. pomifera fruit is a good source of natural antioxidants, which might help prevent oxidative stress-related damage and memory impairment in such mental disorders as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Tinoco, Hector A., Jaime Buitrago-Osorio, Luis Perdomo-Hurtado, Juliana Lopez-Guzman, Carlos A. Ibarra, Alexander Rincon-Jimenez, Olga Ocampo et Lina V. Berrio. « Experimental Assessment of the Elastic Properties of Exocarp–Mesocarp and Beans of Coffea arabica L. var. Castillo Using Indentation Tests ». Agriculture 12, no 4 (1 avril 2022) : 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040502.

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The development of selective coffee harvesting technologies requires detailed knowledge of the geometrical, physical, and mechanical properties of the subsystems of the coffee bush, including the elastic properties of the substructures of fruit and the coffee bean, which are directly related to the selectivity problem. The elastic properties of the mesocarp–exocarp and bean are not described in the literature due to the difficulty of characterizing these locally, since measuring each component of the coffee fruit structure (mesocarp–exocarp and bean) is not an easy task. However, determining the elastic properties (of the mesocarp–exocarp and bean) could help create realistic simulations as an initial estimation for selective coffee harvesting studies. The present work aims to bridge the gap in the mechanical characterization of the sub-structures of the coffee fruits by assessing the elastic properties of the mesocarp–exocarp and bean. Indentation tests were performed on eighty Coffee arabica L. var. Castillo fruits and beans, which were previously classified into four ripening stages using fruit color data in the CIELab color space. Young’s modulus and indentation hardness of the mesocarp–exocarp structure and beans were calculated, applying the Oliver and Pharr indentation model and Hertz contact theory.
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Hassan, Rodiah Mohd, Nur Asma Fhadhila Zulrushdi, Aziah Mohd Yusoff, Nurhafizah Ibrahim et Norakma Mohd Nor. « Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Colorant Extracted from Mesocarp and Exocarp of Cocos nucifera ». Journal of Nutritional Biology 4, no 2 (23 octobre 2018) : 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/jnb.v4i2.1251.

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Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the natural colorant extracted using the microwave-assisted extraction which performed at a microwave power of 300 watts for 2 minutes. The pigment compound was extracted from mesocarp and mesocarp of Cocos nucifera by using 0.1 M NaOH as extracting agent. The qualitative analysis that was carried out for these natural colorants confirmed that flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and phenol/tannins were present in both plant parts (mesocarp and exocarp) tested whereas alkaloids, saponins, steroids and anthraquinone were not detected. Quantitative analysis showed that tannin content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher (134.82 mg TAE/g) in the mesocarp extract compared to the exocarp extract (33.90 mg TAE/g). The amount of flavonoids was low in both extracts (mesocarp: 15.48 mg QE/g and exocarp: 28.45 mg QE/g, respectively). The antimicrobial study discovered that the mesocarp and the exocarp extract were not effective as antibacterial agents.
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Grimm, Eckhard, Stefanie Peschel, Tobias Becker et Moritz Knoche. « Stress and Strain in the Sweet Cherry Skin ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no 6 (novembre 2012) : 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.6.383.

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Rain-cracking of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit involves failure of the exocarp caused by excessive stress and strain. The objective of our study was to quantify exocarp strain in developing cherries. The release of linear elastic strain was followed in vivo using a gaping assay, whereas the release of biaxial elastic strain was followed in vitro after excision of small exocarp segments (ESs) that were submerged in silicone oil and strain release quantified by image analysis. When mature sweet cherry fruit were cut (by making two or more deep, longitudinal incisions parallel to the stylar/pedicel axis and on opposing sides of the fruit down to the pit), the incisions rapidly “gaped.” The gaping wounds continued to widen as they progressively released the linear elastic strain in the skin. By 24 hours the combined widths of two gapes represented 8.8% ± 0.1% of the fruit circumference. Increasing the number of cuts from two to 12 increased the cumulative gape widths to 14.9% ± 0.2%. In ES, monitoring the time course of relaxation after excision revealed a rapid release of biaxial strain, having a half-time of ≈2.7 minutes. Relaxation continued, but at a decreasing rate, for up to 48 hours. Across eight cherry cultivars, the biaxial strain in the exocarp at maturity ranged from 18.7% ± 1.9% in ‘Lapins’ to 36.0% ± 1.8% in ‘Katalin’. Elastic strain in the ES was always lower than that measured in an isolated cuticular membrane (CM). Increasing the temperature from 2 to 35 °C increased the rate of strain release and also the total percent strain released at 96 hours. In developing ‘Hedelfinger’ sweet cherry fruit, there was essentially no elastic strain in the exocarp at 45 days after full bloom (DAFB). Thereafter, significant elastic strain developed, reaching a maximum of 47.6% ± 2.5% at 87 DAFB. The effect of exocarp cell turgor on strain in the ES (evidenced by the difference in the reversible strain between ES with and without turgor) was closely and positively related to the relative area growth rate of the skin (r2 = 0.957). Strain release peaked at ≈59 DAFB, and there was no effect of turgor on strain release in mature fruit. Our data demonstrated the following: 1) the exocarp is a viscoelastic material composite; 2) at maturity, plastic and elastic strain components make up 66% and 34% of the total percent strain, respectively; 3) elastic strain in the exocarp increases during Stage III development; and 4) the strain in the exocarp is unaffected by strain in the CM. Thus, the epidermis and hypodermis layers must represent the main, load-bearing structure in sweet cherry fruit with the cuticle making a mechanically insignificant contribution.
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Asma, F. Z., M. H. Rodiah, M. Y. Aziah, M. N. Norakma et I. Nurhafizah. « Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Natural Dye from Exocarp and Mesocarp of Cocos nucifera ». Advanced Materials Research 1113 (juillet 2015) : 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.477.

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There is an abundance of waste contributed by most agricultural industries. Coconut industry wastes such as the (exocarp) outer layer and (mesocarp) husk can be exploited and turned into useful products such as natural dyes. In the present work, solvent extraction of natural dye from exocarp and mesocarp of Cocos nucifera using ultrasound has been studied. Methanol, ethanol and acetone with varying concentration (20%-70%) were used in the extraction process which was carried out at 30°C for 1 hour. Aqueous extraction was also performed with the same condition and acts as a control sample. The extraction of pigment from exocarp using 50% acetone produced the highest percentage of the yield of colorant (11.6%), while for mesocarp extraction, both 50% and 60% acetone yielded the highest percentage of colorant which was 9.2%. In addition, control sample (aqueous extraction of mesocarp and exocarp) showed lower percentages of the yield of colorant which was 6.4% and 6.8%, respectively. The results indicate that there was a significant improvement in the percentage of yield of natural colorant obtained due to the use of ultrasound.
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Garrido, Andreia, Jasper Engel, Roland Mumm, Artur Conde, Ana Cunha et Ric C. H. De Vos. « Metabolomics of Photosynthetically Active Tissues in White Grapes : Effects of Light Microclimate and Stress Mitigation Strategies ». Metabolites 11, no 4 (30 mars 2021) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11040205.

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The effects of climate change are becoming a real concern for the viticulture sector, with impacts on both grapevine physiology and the quality of the fresh berries and wine. Short-term mitigation strategies, like foliar kaolin application and smart irrigation regimes, have been implemented to overcome these problems. We previously showed that these strategies also influence the photosynthetic activity of the berries themselves, specifically in the exocarp and seed. In the present work, we assessed the modulating effects of both canopy-light microclimate, kaolin and irrigation treatments on the metabolic profiles of the exocarp and seed, as well as the potential role of berry photosynthesis herein. Berries from the white variety Alvarinho were collected at two contrasting light microclimate positions within the vine canopy (HL—high light and LL—low light) from both irrigated and kaolin-treated plants, and their respective controls, at three fruit developmental stages (green, véraison and mature). Untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) profiling of semi-polar extracts followed by multivariate statistical analysis indicate that both the light microclimate and irrigation influenced the level of a series of phenolic compounds, depending on the ripening stage of the berries. Moreover, untargeted gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) profiling of polar extracts show that amino acid and sugar levels were influenced mainly by the interaction of irrigation and kaolin treatments. The results reveal that both photosynthetically active berry tissues had a distinct metabolic profile in response to the local light microclimate, which suggests a specific role of photosynthesis in these tissues. A higher light intensity within the canopy mainly increased the supply of carbon precursors to the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway, resulting in increased levels of phenolic compounds in the exocarp, while in seeds, light mostly influenced compounds related to carbon storage and seed development. In addition, our work provides new insights into the influence of abiotic stress mitigation strategies on the composition of exocarps and seeds, which are both important tissues for the quality of grape-derived products.
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Macnee, Nikolai C., Ria Rebstock, Ian C. Hallett, Robert J. Schaffer et Sean M. Bulley. « A review of current knowledge about the formation of native peridermal exocarp in fruit ». Functional Plant Biology 47, no 12 (2020) : 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19135.

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The outer skin layer in any plant is essential in offering a protective barrier against water loss and pathogen attack. Within fleshy fruit, the skin supports internal cell layers and can provide the initial cues in attracting seed-dispersing animals. The skin of a fruit, termed the exocarp, is a key element of consumer preference and a target for many breeding programs. Across fruiting species there is a huge diversity of exocarp types and these range from a simple single living cell layer (epidermis) often covered with a waxy layer, to complex multicellular suberised and dead cell layers (periderm), with various intermediate russet forms in between. Each exocarp can be interspersed with other structures such as hairs or spines. The epidermis has been well characterised and remains pluripotent with the help of the cells immediately under the epidermis. The periderm, in contrast, is the result of secondary meristematic activity, which replaces the epidermal layers, and is not well characterised in fruits. In this review we explore the structure, composition and mechanisms that control the development of a periderm type fruit exocarp. We draw upon literature from non-fleshy fruit species that form periderm tissue, from which a considerable amount of research has been undertaken.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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Torres, Del Campo Carolina Andrea. « Physiological and biochemical responses of fruit exocarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) mutants to natural photooxidative conditions ». Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2005/T%5FDel-Campo%5F051005.pdf.

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Marsden, Craig H. « The functional significance of fruit exocarp on host selection and oviposition by Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Tephritidae : Diptera) ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76107/2/Craig_Marsden_Thesis.pdf.

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Queensland fruit fly is Australia's most serious insect pest of horticulture. The fly lays its eggs into fruit, where they hatch into maggots which destroy the fruit. Understanding egg laying behaviour, known as oviposition, is a critical but under-researched aspect of fruit fly biology. This thesis focused on three aspects of oviposition: the role of fruit peel as a physical barrier to oviposition; the quality of fruit for maggot development; and the structure and wear of the egg laying organ – the ovipositor. Results showed that flies selected fruit based on their suitability for offspring survival, not because of the softness or hardness of fruit peel. Previously reported use of holes or wounds in fruit peel by ovipositing females was determined to be a mechanism which saved the female time, not a mechanism to reduce ovipositor wear. The results offer insights into the evolution of host use by fruit flies and their sustainable management.
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Mota, Rui Carlos de Sousa. « Aproveitamento do exocarpo do licuri particulado para produção de um compósito utilizando como matriz um poliéster ortoftálico ». PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA MECÂNICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25446.

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Visando a melhoria e otimização dos processos produtivos, pesquisadores dos mais diversos segmentos buscam apresentar soluções que reduzam custos operacionais e a utilização de matéria-prima empregada na fabricação de bens em geral. O uso de resíduo, de origem vegetal e industrial, atende ao apelo da sustentabilidade e agrega renda aos agricultores familiares e de baixa renda. Este trabalho estuda o aproveitamento do exocarpo da fruta do licurizeiro (Syagro Coronata), palmeira nativa do semiárido baiano e chamada também de nicuri, licuri, Ouricuri etc. e tem como objetivo contribuir para a ampliação da cadeia produtiva, agregando renda ao pequeno produtor e ao agricultor familiar. Para tanto, buscou-se caracterizar e analisar as propriedades mecânicas e térmicas do referido resíduo, que após a cominuição pelo processo de impacto (pilão manual) e moagem em um moinho de facas com telas de 1,0 mm e de passar pelo processo de peneiramento para separar as partículas com tamanhos entre 0,0085 e 0,0074 mm e foi caracterizado por MEV, DRX; TG e densidade volumétrica para melhor conhecer suas propriedades. Este particulado foi utilizado como carga em um compósito polimérico tendo como matriz a resina poliéster ortoftalica pré acelerada em quatro proporções em massa, 10; 20; 30 e 40 % que foram comparadas com a resina pura e que depois foi caracterizados MEV, por DRX, TG, Condutividade térmica, densidade volumétrica, impacto, absorção de água, tração e flexão em três pontos, para tanto foram fabricadas placas com as dimensão de 400 x 300 x 8 mm e cortado os corpos de provas de acordo com as normas vigentes, a mistura foi homogeneizada com a utilização de uma batedeira doméstica por dez minutos a uma rotação de 720 rpm e depois despejada na forma de granito e deixado curar por oito horas e uma pós cura de mais oito horas, depois foi cortado os corpos de prova nas dimensões normatizadas e lixadas e polidas para que não houvesse a menor interferência possível nos resultados. Ficou demonstrado que a formulação com adição de 20% de resíduo apresentou no geral uma melhor performance para utilização estrutural em aplicações que não exijam solicitações mecânicas, assim como um melhor acabamento para utilização em ecodesign e peças acadêmicas.
Researchers from different scientific fields are focused on improving and optimizing production processes by pursuing solutions to help reducing operational costs and the amount of raw materials used to manufacture general goods. The use of plant and industrial wastes complies with sustainability goals and helps providing additional income to family farmers. The palm tree species Syagro Coronata, which is also known as nicuri, licuri, Ouricuri, among others, is native to Bahia State semi-arid region. The aim of the current research is to study the fruit exocarp of the aforementioned species in order to help expanding the productive chain, as well as to allow creating an additional source of income to small producers and family farmers. Accordingly, the present study featured and analyzed the mechanical and thermal properties of the aforementioned waste. The fruit exocarp was subjected to comminution through impact (manual pestle) and milling (in a knife mill with 1.0 mm mesh) processes. Next, it was sieved to separate particles between 0.0085 and 0.0074 mm; it was also characterized through SEM, XRD, TG and volumetric density to allow better understanding its properties. The particulate was used as filler in a polymeric composite, whose matrix comprised an orthophthalic polyester resin preaccelerated in four mass proportions (10, 20, 30 and 40%). Such proportions were compared to the pure resin and, then, characterized through SEM, XRD, TG, thermal conductivity, volumetric density, impact, water absorption, tensile and three-point bending tests. In order to do so, 400 x 300 x 8 mm plates were manufactured, and specimens were cut according to current standards. The mixture was homogenized in a domestic shaker for ten minutes at 720 rpm. Then, it was poured into a granite mold and left to cure for eight hours, which was followed by the post-cure for additional eight hours. The specimens were cut in standardized dimensions at the end of the post-cure period; they were also sanded and polished to avoid the slightest interference in the results, which were quite satisfactory and met the research expectations. The uniaxial tensile strength test showed reduction due to waste addition; such result was not recorded in the total elongation test. The results of the three-point bending test were lower than the ones recorded for the pure resin in all formulations. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, there was water loss at 150°C and its exothermic peak varied from 400°C to 409°C; such finding allowed attributing good thermal resistance to the material. The potential of hydrogen (pH) lied on the neutral range and presented good resistance to waterlogging. Overall, the performance of each formulation enabled using them in structural applications that do not require large. In addition, these formulations can be used in decorative pieces and adopted in practical classes focused on mechanical manufacturing processes.
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KHATIB, MOHAMAD. « BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS INTO EDIBLE SYRIAN PLANTS : POMEGRANATE AND CAPPER ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1045230.

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The research developed within this PhD thesis has been developed according to different specific objectives depending on the selected plant. Overall the choice of these two matrices, the fruit of pomegranate and the root of capper, is related to the importance of these plant in Syria.
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Livres sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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Escandell Montiel, Daniel, dir. Escrituras hispánicas desde el exocano. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783968693422.

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Montiel, Daniel Escandell. Escrituras Hispánicas Desde el Exocano. Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert, 2022.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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May, B., et M. Wüst. « Induction of de Novo Mono- and Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis by Methyl Jasmonate in Grape Berry Exocarp ». Dans ACS Symposium Series, 191–201. Washington, DC : American Chemical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2015-1203.ch012.

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« Exocarp ». Dans Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics, 653. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_5684.

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Dalton, David R. « The Grape Berry ». Dans The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0022.

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Beginning with fruit set (generally the grape berry is now between 1.5 and 3.0 mm, i.e., less than 1/ 8 of an inch in diameter) the grape berry growth is divided into three stages. Stages I and III correspond to periods of rapid growth, and the intervening slow growth phase is called Stage II. Generally the slow growth stage (Stage II) corresponds to the slowing of Stage I and the acceleration of Stage III, but it is clear that different grape cultivars have stages of different lengths even under ostensibly identical conditions. In the first stage of fruit set (also called “nouaison”) the actual development of the flower ovary into the grape berry begins. The seeds in the two seed cavities (the locules) and the flesh (the pericarp) begin to take form. The pericarp separates into the exocarp (the skin with its cuticle—a thin wax coating) and the mesocarp. The mesocarp, as it grows and divides, will eventually (by the end of Stage III) account for more than 90% of the grape’s weight. The exocarp, significantly thinner than the mesocarp, may be only five or six cells thick, and the cuticle only several layers of lipids (waxy, fatty acid esters, and compounds similar to those of cell walls and the chloroplast envelope, see pages 30 and 31). It is in this stage that the as yet undeveloped berries are green and hard (it has been sug¬gested that this is because chlorophyll is present and photosynthesis in the berry—as well as in leaves—is occurring). The berries are low in sugar (sucrose) but high in carboxylic acids, predominately malic acid and tartaric acid along with, generally, a lesser amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), hydroxycinnamic acid, and some acidic tannins (Figures 13.1 and 13.2). The grape berry structure is generally divided into three types of tissue: skin, flesh, and seed (Figure 13.3). The first, skin, as already mentioned is also known as exocarp.
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May, Bianca, et Matthias Wüst. « Demonstration of Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis in Grape Berry Exocarp by Deuterium Labeling Studies ». Dans Flavour Science, 347–51. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398549-1.00065-9.

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Sasongko, H., et Sugiyarto. « In vivo analgesic effect of ethanolic extracts of exocarp, mesocarp, and seeds of Carica pubescens ». Dans Unity in Diversity and the Standardisation of Clinical Pharmacy Services, 271–74. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315112756-48.

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Borges, Bárbara Jane Martins, Rafael Santos de Sousa Silva et Rúi Carlos de Sousa Mota. « TIJOLO PRODUZIDO POR COMPÓSITO DE EXOCARPO DE LICURI FRAGMENTADO ». Dans Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais e o Desenvolvimento Socioambiental, 24–30. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.4891919123.

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Llosa Sanz, Álvaro. « Poéticas exocanónicas de la interfaz para una ficción literaria española del siglo XXI ». Dans Escrituras hispánicas desde el exocano, 133–48. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783968693422-009.

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Pastor, Sheila. « Desplazamientos por los márgenes de la ciudad y del género literario en Buenos Aires Tour, Un andar solitario entre la gente y El vértigo horizontal ». Dans Escrituras hispánicas desde el exocano, 117–32. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783968693422-008.

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Sánchez-Aparicio, Vega. « La dimensión de incertidumbre : fragilidad y trayecto en la textovisualidad de las escritoras hispánicas ». Dans Escrituras hispánicas desde el exocano, 37–54. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783968693422-003.

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Calles, Jara. « Poéticas del espacio recuperado. De Wittgenstein, arquitecto (el lugar inhabitable) a Kiruna Forever. Prácticas de escritura para encontrar y explicar el presente y su pasado ». Dans Escrituras hispánicas desde el exocano, 71–84. Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31819/9783968693422-005.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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Xiangming Chen. « Allelopathy effects of C. Cathayensis exocarp extracting solution on seed germinating of four different kinds of crops ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966069.

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Solarte Chicaiza, Daniela, Magaly Camargo Forigua et Jorge Eliécer Carrillo Valásquez. « ELABORACIÓN DE UN MODELO DE BIOPOLÍMERO A PARTIR DE RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS PARA EL RECUBRIMIENTO DE PRÓTESIS DE MIEMBROS SUPERIORES ». Dans Mujeres en ingeniería : empoderamiento, liderazgo y compromiso. Asociacion Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/ponencia.1809.

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En Colombia la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L) es la quinta fruta fresca de exportación después del banano, aguacate, plátano y gulupa, y se exporta principalmente a los mercados de los Países Bajos, Alemania, Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá; en el 2017 se exporto el 40% de la producción nacional generando importantes ingresos. La fruta crece en condiciones climáticas específicas, en donde la temperatura no supera los 15 ºC y se encuentra en alturas entre los 1800 a 2800 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Se ha identificado que se pueden obtener biopolímeros a partir del exocarpo de residuos orgánicos provenientes de frutas, ampliamente utilizados en la elaboración de productos como las bolsas, pajillas, agitadores, entre otros, sin embargo, no se ha realizado un estudio para fabricación de un biopolímero que puede ser utilizado como recubrimiento de una prótesis. Se plantea en esta investigación la utilización de exocarpo de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L) para producir un biopolímero con el fin de recubrir una prótesis metálica de miembro superior, que tenga algunas características estéticas, como suavidad, resistencia y elasticidad muy parecida a la piel de la persona que esté utilizando dicha prótesis, como un guante estético o protésicos. Teniendo en cuenta que una prótesis es un mecanismo artificial que reemplaza una parte del cuerpo ausente, en este caso un miembro superior, lo que puede mejorar sensiblemente la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas; la mayoría de ellas sufren de distintos aspectos a nivel emocional, físico, psicológico, conductual, personal, social, económico, contextual y familiar por la pérdida de un miembro cualquiera sea su causa, esto se presenta en mayor medida en personas jóvenes, adultos y especialmente en mujeres. La metodología utilizada para la realización de este proyecto consistió en tres etapas; la primera es la obtención del exocarpo de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L), la segunda etapa es un secado y molienda del residuo orgánico, por último, se elaboró el biopolímero; obteniendo así el recubrimiento del miembro superior para su posible utilización. Esta metodología se inició en la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada sede campus, pero por la coyuntura sanitaria fue terminado en la residencia de los autores.
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Kang, Yoon-Tae, Joseph Marvar, Nna-Emeka Onukwugha, Kruthi Srinivasa Raju, Zeqi Niu, Brittany Rupp, Shawn Fortna et Sunitha Nagrath. « Fast and Cost-Effective Isolation of Circulating Exosomes Using Porous PDMS-Based Microsystem(Porous Exochip) ». Dans 2022 IEEE 35th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems51670.2022.9699531.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Exocarp"

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Droby, Samir, Michael Wisniewski, Ron Porat et Dumitru Macarisin. Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Tritrophic Interactions in Postharvest Biocontrol Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7594390.bard.

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To elucidate the role of ROS in the tri-trophic interactions in postharvest biocontrol systems a detailed molecular and biochemical investigation was undertaken. The application of the yeast biocontrol agent Metschnikowia fructicola, microarray analysis was performed on grapefruit surface wounds using an Affymetrix Citrus GeneChip. the data indicated that 1007 putative unigenes showed significant expression changes following wounding and yeast application relative to wounded controls. The expression of the genes encoding Respiratory burst oxidase (Rbo), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK), G-proteins, chitinase (CHI), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS) and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). In contrast, three genes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were down-regulated in grapefruit peel tissue treated with yeast cells. The yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate relatively high levels of super oxide anion (O2−) following its interaction with wounded fruit surface. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H₂O₂ production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases. Effect of ROS on yeast cells was also studied. Pretreatment of the yeast, Candida oleophila, with 5 mM H₂O₂ for 30 min (sublethal) increased yeast tolerance to subsequent lethal levels of oxidative stress (50 mM H₂O₂), high temperature (40 °C), and low pH (pH 4). Suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was used to identify genes expressed in yeast in response to sublethal oxidative stress. Transcript levels were confirmed using semi quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Seven antioxidant genes were up regulated. Pretreatment of the yeast antagonist Candida oleophila with glycine betaine (GB) increases oxidative stress tolerance in the microenvironment of apple wounds. ROS production is greater when yeast antagonists used as biocontrol agents are applied in the wounds. Compared to untreated control yeast cells, GB-treated cells recovered from the oxidative stress environment of apple wounds exhibited less accumulation of ROS and lower levels of oxidative damage to cellular proteins and lipids. Additionally, GB-treated yeast exhibited greater biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea, and faster growth in wounds of apple fruits compared to untreated yeast. The expression of major antioxidant genes, including peroxisomal catalase, peroxiredoxin TSA1, and glutathione peroxidase was elevated in the yeast by GB treatment. A mild heat shock (HS) pretreatment (30 min at 40 1C) improved the tolerance of M. fructicola to subsequent high temperature (45 1C, 20–30 min) and oxidative stress (0.4 mol-¹) hydrogen peroxide, 20–60 min). HS-treated yeast cells showed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than non-treated cells in response to both stresses. Additionally, HS-treated yeast exhibited significantly greater (P≥0.0001) biocontrol activity against Penicillium expansum and a significantly faster (Po0.0001) growth rate in wounds of apple fruits stored at 25 1C compared with the performance of untreated yeast cells. Transcription of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1) was up regulated in response to HS and trehalose content also increased.
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