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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Existential Risk »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 26 juillet 2024

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1

Eisenberg, Richard A., Guillaume Duboc, Stephanie Weirich et Daniel Lee. « An existential crisis resolved : type inference for first-class existential types ». Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, ICFP (22 août 2021) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473569.

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Despite the great success of inferring and programming with universal types, their dual—existential types—are much harder to work with. Existential types are useful in building abstract types, working with indexed types, and providing first-class support for refinement types. This paper, set in the context of Haskell, presents a bidirectional type-inference algorithm that infers where to introduce and eliminate existentials without any annotations in terms, along with an explicitly typed, type-safe core language usable as a compilation target. This approach is backward compatible. The key ingredient is to use strong existentials, which support (lazily) projecting out the encapsulated data, not weak existentials accessible only by pattern-matching.
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Sokolov, Yu I. « Existential risk of technological singularity ». Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no 3 (28 juin 2019) : 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-3-62-77.

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GOTTLIEB, JOSEPH. « Space Colonization and Existential Risk ». Journal of the American Philosophical Association 5, no 3 (2019) : 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2019.12.

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AbstractIan Stoner has recently argued that we ought not to colonize Mars because (1) doing so would flout our pro tanto obligation not to violate the principle of scientific conservation, and (2) there is no countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. While I remain agnostic on (1), my primary goal in this article is to challenge (2): there are countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. As such, Stoner has failed to establish that we ought not to colonize Mars. I close with some thoughts on what it would take to show that we do have an obligation to colonize Mars and related issues concerning the relationship between the way we discount our preferences over time and projects with long time horizons, like space colonization.
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Oleskowicz, Tatum, Geneva C. Yawger et Elizabeth C. Pinel. « Not Drinking and Alone : Alcohol Use and Its Implications for Existential Isolation ». Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 42, no 3 (juin 2023) : 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.267.

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Introduction: Research implicates social isolation as a risk factor for problematic alcohol use. However, no known research examines the role that a specific type of social isolation—existential isolation, a feeling of being alone in one's subjective experience of reality—plays in alcohol consumption. In sociocultural contexts where alcohol consumption is normative, existentially isolated individuals may seek out alcohol as a method for experiencing more existential connection. The opposite may also hold true: those who do not partake in the normative, alcohol-drinking culture may “pay the price” with higher levels of existential isolation. This study examined which of these two possible correlations between existential isolation and alcohol use the data support. Methods: In Study 1, we recruited 511 adult participants from Amazon MTurk. We then conducted a regression analysis to examine the unique predictive effects of existential isolation, gender, interpersonal isolation, and a gender × existential isolation interaction on alcohol consumption. Next, we examined whether existential motives mediated the relationship between existential isolation and alcohol use. In Study 2, we recruited 99 adult undergraduate students to determine if the Study 1 findings replicated in a different sample and with different measures of interpersonal isolation. We additionally assessed whether alcohol accounted for self-reported changes in existential isolation before and 3 months after arrival at college. Results: Data from Study 1 revealed that controlling for interpersonal isolation, lower existential isolation levels predicted greater alcohol use and that desire to drink for existential connection accounted for this effect. Study 2 replicated these findings. We observed a significant negative correlation between existential isolation and alcohol use and a negative correlation between alcohol use and change in existential isolation over time. Discussion: Our findings suggest a potential disadvantage to sobriety and an existential risk pathway to problematic alcohol use. We discuss the societal implications of these findings.
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Jebari, Karim. « Existential Risks : Exploring a Robust Risk Reduction Strategy ». Science and Engineering Ethics 21, no 3 (3 juin 2014) : 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9559-3.

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Millett, Piers, et Andrew Snyder-Beattie. « Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity ». Health Security 15, no 4 (août 2017) : 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2017.0028.

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Jerabek, Stepan. « A field guide to existential risk ». Science 368, no 6491 (7 mai 2020) : 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1235.

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Langford, Ian H. « An Existential Approach to Risk Perception ». Risk Analysis 22, no 1 (février 2002) : 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.t01-1-00009.

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Bostrom, Nick. « Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority ». Global Policy 4, no 1 (février 2013) : 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12002.

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McLaughlin, Alex. « Existential Risk, Climate Change, and Nonideal Justice ». Monist 107, no 2 (15 mars 2024) : 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onae007.

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Abstract Climate change is often described as an existential risk to the human species, but this terminology has generally been avoided in the climate-justice literature in analytic philosophy. I investigate the source of this disconnect and explore the prospects for incorporating the idea of climate change as an existential risk into debates about climate justice. The concept of existential risk does not feature prominently in these discussions, I suggest, because assumptions that structure ‘ideal’ accounts of climate justice ensure that the prospect of climate change as an extinction-level threat does not arise. Given persistent noncompliance with mitigation duties, however, we have reason to revisit these assumptions. I argue that the most promising way for theories of climate justice to account for the significance of existential risk is to look to the practices of protest and resistance in which a concern about extinction or global catastrophe is frequently given expression.
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Lee, Soon yeol. « Existential Psychological approaches about risk and safety ». KOREAN JOURNAL OF CULTURE AND SOCIAL ISSUES 22, no 3 (31 août 2016) : 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2016.08.22.3.387.

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Currie, Adrian. « Existential risk, creativity & ; well-adapted science ». Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 76 (août 2019) : 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.09.008.

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Halstead, John. « Stratospheric aerosol injection research and existential risk ». Futures 102 (septembre 2018) : 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.03.004.

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Abney, Keith. « Ethics of colonization : Arguments from existential risk ». Futures 110 (juin 2019) : 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.02.014.

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Beard, Simon, Thomas Rowe et James Fox. « Existential risk assessment : A reply to Baum ». Futures 122 (septembre 2020) : 102606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102606.

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A., Moko, et Victor-Ikoh M. « Existential Risk Prediction Models for Diabetes Mellitus ». British Journal of Computer, Networking and Information Technology 5, no 1 (1 novembre 2022) : 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjcnit-pm3cre7i.

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Diabetes mellitus is a disease of the human body that is caused by high blood sugar levels and inactivity, poor eating habits, being overweight etc. This paper reviewed, and analyzed diabetes mellitus Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational diabetes diverse risk prediction models and algorithms employed. In this study, the methodology adopted is the exploratory descriptive approach, which clearly describes the various deep learning and machine learning risk prediction model used for diabetes mellitus classification and forecasting problems. The Deep Neural Network Model algorithms given in this work have the highest score in terms of accuracy and outperformed machine learning models in terms of performance, there is also the issue of other various algorithms' precision. It is recommended that when conducting a classification and risk prediction survey on the different variants of diabetes mellitus, researchers consider using the algorithms explicitly described while paying close attention to their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential outcomes. It is also possible to combine deep learning techniques and machine learning algorithms to create ensemble models, which can improve prediction performance.
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Torres, Phil. « Agential Risks ». Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies 26, no 2 (1 août 2016) : 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v26i2.58.

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The greatest existential threats to humanity stem from increasingly powerful advanced technologies. Yet the “risk potential” of such tools can only be realized when coupled with a suitable agent who, through error or terror, could use the tool to bring about an existential catastrophe. While the existential risk literature has provided many accounts of how advanced technologies might be misused and abused to cause unprecedented harm, no scholar has yet explored the other half of the agent-tool coupling, namely the agent. This paper aims to correct this failure by offering a comprehensive overview of what we could call “agential riskology.” Only by studying the unique properties of different agential risk types can one acquire an accurate picture of the existential danger before us.
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Liu, Hin-Yan, Kristian Cedervall Lauta et Matthijs Michiel Maas. « Governing Boring Apocalypses : A new typology of existential vulnerabilities and exposures for existential risk research ». Futures 102 (septembre 2018) : 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.04.009.

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Yi, Sang Wook. « Artificial Intelligence and Existential Risk – A Critical Examination – ». Journal of Human Studies 40 (31 janvier 2020) : 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21738/jhs.2020.01.40.107.

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Moynihan, Thomas. « Existential risk and human extinction : An intellectual history ». Futures 116 (février 2020) : 102495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.102495.

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Greaves, Hilary. « Concepts of Existential Catastrophe ». Monist 107, no 2 (15 mars 2024) : 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onae002.

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Abstract The notion of existential catastrophe is increasingly appealed to in discussion of risk management around emerging technologies, but it is not completely clear what this notion amounts to. Here, I provide an opinionated survey of the space of plausibly useful definitions of existential catastrophe. Inter alia, I discuss: whether to define existential catastrophe in ex post or ex ante terms, whether an ex ante definition should be in terms of loss of expected value or loss of potential, and what kind of probabilities should be involved in any appeal to expected value.
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Storey, Quinn K., David Kealy, Zac E. Seidler, John L. Oliffe, Simon M. Rice et John S. Ogrodniczuk. « Connecting and Healing : The Role of Existential Isolation in Mediating the Impact of the Therapeutic Relationship on Canadian Men’s Mental Health Outcomes ». American Journal of Men's Health 16, no 6 (novembre 2022) : 155798832211369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221136980.

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The therapeutic relationship has emerged as one of the most important components of successful treatment outcomes, regardless of the specific form of therapy. Research has now turned its attention to better understanding how the therapeutic relationship contributes to patient improvement. Extant literature contends that a strong therapeutic relationship may help reduce a patient’s sense of existential isolation (i.e., a sense of not feeling understood by others). Research indicates that existential isolation might be especially problematic for men, potentially increasing their risk for suicidality. This study investigated the association between strength of the therapeutic relationship and psychological distress and suicidality among men who received psychotherapy, and whether existential isolation mediated this association. A total of 204 Canadian men who had previously attended psychotherapy participated in a cross-sectional survey, completing measures of the quality of their most recent therapeutic relationship, existential isolation, depression and anxiety symptoms, and suicidality. Regression with mediation analysis was conducted. Two models were tested; one with depression/anxiety symptoms as the dependent variable and the other with suicidality as the dependent variable. Both mediation models emerged as significant, indicating an indirect effect for quality of the therapeutic relationship on symptoms of anxiety/depression and suicidality through existential isolation. The findings suggest that a positive therapeutic relationship can contribute to men feeling less isolated in their experiences in life (i.e., less existentially isolated), thereby helping mitigate psychological distress and suicidality.
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Carr, Sam. « A gradual separation from the world : commentary on a qualitative exploration of existential loneliness in old age ». British Journal of Community Nursing 28, no 12 (2 décembre 2023) : 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2023.28.12.586.

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Aims and methods: Loneliness is a prevalent and significant issue. It has been identified as a particularly important physical and mental health risk for older people. This article critically explores and discusses a recent study that sought to qualitatively explore the lived experiences of existential loneliness in a large sample of older people living in retirement community contexts. Findings: The data pointed to complex, multilayered challenges, often brought about by ageing, that give rise to unique experiences of existential loneliness for many older people. Conclusions: For clinical practitioners, understanding how older people experience existential loneliness is essential if we are to develop support mechanisms that compassionately and empathically respond to them.
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Miller, James D., et D. Felton. « The Fermi paradox, Bayes’ rule, and existential risk management ». Futures 86 (février 2017) : 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.06.008.

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Kareiva, Peter, et Valerie Carranza. « Existential risk due to ecosystem collapse : Nature strikes back ». Futures 102 (septembre 2018) : 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.01.001.

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Kelchtermans, Mauritz. « Omgaan met het existentiële risico van synthetische biologie ». Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 111, no 4 (1 novembre 2019) : 605–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/antw2019.4.007.kelc.

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Abstract Coping with the existential risk of synthetic biologySynthetic biology (synbio) is a domain in full development, with a potentially big impact on humanity, both in a positive and a negative way. In that sense, synbio is not unique. After a short introduction into synbio, we survey the natural phenomena and technologies that can lead to a premature extinction of Earth-originating life or that can lead to the permanent and drastic reduction of its potential. Within that framework, synbio can be classified as an anthropogenic existential risk in the short term.This leads to the question of how to deal with such risky technologies taking into account existential risks. For emerging technologies, Europe has chosen to be guided by the precautionary principle, focussing heavily on the prevention of possible harm. Implementing the principle has however not been able to offset the increase in anthropogenic existential risks. In addition the principle prevents synbio to play an important role in mitigating intermediate existential risks. Hence, there are reasons to abandon the precautionary principle in favour of a European version of the proactionary principle.
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Morris, Charles E., et Amardo Rodriguez. « Toward an Existential Model of Trust ». Peace Review 17, no 1 (janvier 2005) : 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14631370500292219.

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Lomako, Olga. « Social Philosophical Discourse of the World Risk Society in a Pandemic Situation ». Logos et Praxis, no 2 (décembre 2021) : 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.2.3.

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The author considers the situation associated with coronavirus pandemic and its possible consequences for social cultural processes. The difficulty in risk analysis is that the risk is between objective and subjective, between rational and irrational, between social and existential. The logic of uniqueness gives way to the logic of ambiguity, which finds its expression in the connection of the risk society with the cosmopolitism. Ulrich Beck's concept of the cosmopolitan turn of modern civilization is updated, which is revealed through the concepts of "danger", "social inequality" and through the existentials "fear", "uncertainty", which indicate the social vulnerability of modern society. We are talking about the need to distinguish between risk and danger, about their complex relationship in modern conditions. Global risks include the coronovirus pandemic: risk has become a global hazard from which future risks and crises originate. The reflexivity of the unknown and the methodological cosmopolitanism – point to a global change in the society in the 21st century, whose priority is security. Cosmopolitanism is expressed in social delocalization, which includes three dimensions: spatial, temporal, and social. Risks have symbolic and existential content and include life guidelines, traditions and cultural norms. The coronavirus was a challenge to the intellectual sphere of society. The author focuses on the transformation of risks in the field of science and education. Self-isolation and social distance initiate the active introduction of distance education and media education. Attempts are being made to identify possible risks resulting from the introduction of media technologies in the educational system. The concept of the multiplicity of interpretations of riskogenics allows us to understand the prospects for the transformation of the global risk society in a pandemic situation.
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Lloyd, Christina Sophia, Britt af Klinteberg et Valerie DeMarinis. « An Assessment of Existential Worldview Function among Young Women at Risk for Depression and Anxiety—A Multi-Method Study ». Archive for the Psychology of Religion 39, no 2 (juillet 2017) : 165–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15736121-12341337.

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Increasing rates of psychiatric problems like depression and anxiety among Swedish youth, predominantly among females, are considered a serious public mental health concern. Multiple studies confirm that psychological as well as existential vulnerability manifest in different ways for youths in Sweden. This multi-method study aimed at assessing existential worldview function by three factors: 1) existential worldview, 2) ontological security, and 3) self-concept, attempting to identify possible protective and risk factors for mental ill-health among female youths at risk for depression and anxiety. The sample comprised ten females on the waiting list at an outpatient psychotherapy clinic for teens and young adults. Results indicated that both functional and dysfunctional factors related to mental health were present, where the quality and availability of significant interpersonal relations seemed to have an important influence. Examples of both an impaired worldview function and a lack of an operating existential worldview were found. Psychotherapeutic implications are discussed.
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Grech, G. « A comparison of the existential and medical models of addiction ». European Psychiatry 64, S1 (avril 2021) : S566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1509.

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IntroductionAfter developing an existential model of addiction, it became evident that there are major differences between the existential and medical models of addiction.ObjectivesThis research aims to investigate the boundary and overlap between the existential and medical models of addiction.MethodsThe existential model was compared and contrasted with a narrative literature review of the medical model of addiction.ResultsThrough the existential definition being-with-drug, addiction is conceptualised in terms of a relationship with the drug and the impact on one’s sense of self. The medical model focuses on diagnostic criteria, genetic and environmental risk and protective factors, and an underlying neurobiological explanation. In contrast to the prevalent disease model, the existential view maintains that drug addiction is a coping mechanism used to mitigate existential and neurotic anxiety which results from facing or avoiding the existential givens. Phenomenological research supporting existential psychotherapy in addiction is contrasted with the quantitative medical research which forms the basis for current addiction guidelines. A comparison of both models is presented focusing on the issues of coping, choice, responsibility, mandatory treatment, medication, psychotherapy and the therapeutic relationship. The biopsychosocial model is compared to van Deurzen’s modes of existence, which provides the basis for existential psychotherapeutic interventions. Furthermore, existential literature was examined to determine whether an individual can authentically choose to live addicted.ConclusionsBoth models fall short of giving a holistic view of addiction. A combination of models is necessary to address the diversity of issues patients present with.
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Nindler, Reinmar. « The United Nation’s Capability to Manage Existential Risks with a Focus on Artificial Intelligence ». International Community Law Review 21, no 1 (11 mars 2019) : 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341388.

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Abstract Human technology develops exponentially, opening up enormous possibilities, but also posing dangers, arguably even so-called “existential risks” for humankind. Artificial general intelligence is a potentially extremely powerful technology, which could also pose an existential risk to humanity. This article assesses the United Nation (UN)’s institutional and legal capability to manage existential risks, with a special focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and also analyses the UN’s responsibility and competence to manage existential risks. Shortcomings with regard to the UN’s capability to manage existential risks are being explored as well as several potential options to strengthen this capability, such as an international treaty to regulate AI research and development, an international enforcement agency for safe AI research and development and the use of force as ultima ratio. The UN will have to overhaul its structure and modus operandi to be fit for the challenges posed by the safe development of strong AI.
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Khorana, Alok A. « Simplicity versus complexity : an existential dilemma as risk tools evolve ». Lancet Haematology 5, no 7 (juillet 2018) : e273-e274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3026(18)30067-x.

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Manheim, David. « The Fragile World Hypothesis : Complexity, Fragility, and Systemic Existential Risk ». Futures 122 (septembre 2020) : 102570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102570.

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Horlick-Jones, Tom. « Risk and time : from existential anxiety to post-enlightenment fantasy ». Health, Risk & ; Society 15, no 6-07 (octobre 2013) : 489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2013.830082.

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Banyasz, Alissa, et Sharla M. Wells-Di Gregorio. « Cancer-related suicide : A biopsychosocial-existential approach to risk management ». Psycho-Oncology 27, no 11 (4 juin 2018) : 2661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pon.4768.

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Buana, Dana Riksa, et Oleg V. Lukyanov. « Existential Anxiety of Religious Identity and Religious Extremism in Indonesian Muslims ». Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, no 83 (2022) : 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/83/5.

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Relevance and object of research. In this modern world, the system of managing large social processes is a foot. A dangerous social trend of the so-called “information society” is identity manipulation, including religious identity. Relevant questions: What distinguishes an authentic religious identity from an extremist one? What qualities of devoutness are necessary and sufficient for understanding devoutness? The article presents the results of a study on religious identity of Indonesian Muslims. Subject, methods and materials of research. Data was collected from 484 Indonesian Muslims to confirm that existential anxiety plays the role of a mediator variable in the negative correlation between authentic religious identity and religious extremism. The survey was conducted using a google form. Mediation regression analysis was implemented. Three methods were used to collect data: the Authentic Religious Identity Scale, the Existential Anxiety Scale, and the Religious Extremism Scale. When testing the reliability and validity of these scales, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and JASP (Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program) programs were used. Results. The study found that authentic religious identity is negatively associated with existential anxiety, and existential anxiety was definitely associated with religious extremism. An assumption is that an authentic religious identity makes it possible to overcome existential anxiety, forming a social tendency to reduce the risk of developing religious extremism. If existential anxiety is not included in the research model, then there is a correlation between authentic religious identity and religious extremism. This means that without taking into account existential anxiety it is not possible to distinguish authentic devoutness from an extreme one. The study shows that authentic devoutness cannot completely eliminate the risk of developing an extremist view. To make this distinction the factor of favoritism was necessary, hence the nesecesticity of empirical studies to include the phenomena between spirituality and devoutness.
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Miller, James Daniel. « When two existential risks are better than one ». foresight 21, no 1 (11 mars 2019) : 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-04-2018-0038.

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Purpose The great filter and an unfriendly artificial general intelligence might pose existential risks to humanity, but these two risks are anti-correlated. The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of having evidence that mankind is at significant peril from both these risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper creates Bayesian models under which one might get evidence for being at risk for two perils when we know that we are at risk for at most one of these perils. Findings Humanity should possibly be more optimistic about its long-term survival if we have convincing evidence for believing that both these risks are real than if we have such evidence for thinking that only one of these perils would likely strike us. Originality/value Deriving implications of being greatly concerned about both an unfriendly artificial general intelligence and the great filter.
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Bierhoff, Kevin. « Wildcards need witness protection ». Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, OOPSLA2 (31 octobre 2022) : 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3563301.

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In this paper, we show that the unsoundness discovered by Amin and Tate (2016) in Java’s wildcards is avoidable, even in the absence of a nullness-aware type system. The key insight of this paper is that soundness in type systems that implicitly introduce existential types through subtyping hinges on still making sure there are suitable witness types when introducing existentially quantified type variables. To show that this approach is viable, this paper formalizes a core calculus and proves it sound. We used a static analysis based on our approach to look for potential issues in a vast corpus of Java code and found none (with 1 false positive). This confirms both that Java's unsoundness has minimal practical consequence, and that our approach can avoid it entirely with minimal false positives.
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Maselko, J., S. E. Gilman et S. Buka. « Religious service attendance and spiritual well-being are differentially associated with risk of major depression ». Psychological Medicine 39, no 6 (6 octobre 2008) : 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004418.

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BackgroundThe complex relationships between religiosity, spirituality and the risk of DSM-IV depression are not well understood.MethodWe investigated the independent influence of religious service attendance and two dimensions of spiritual well-being (religious and existential) on the lifetime risk of major depression. Data came from the New England Family Study (NEFS) cohort (n=918, mean age=39 years). Depression according to DSM-IV criteria was ascertained using structured diagnostic interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) for the associations between high, medium and low tertiles of spiritual well-being and for religious service attendance and the lifetime risk of depression were estimated using multiple logistic regression.ResultsReligious service attendance was associated with 30% lower odds of depression. In addition, individuals in the top tertile of existential well-being had a 70% lower odds of depression compared to individuals in the bottom tertile. Contrary to our original hypotheses, however, higher levels of religious well-being were associated with 1.5 times higher odds of depression.ConclusionsReligious and existential well-being may be differentially associated with likelihood of depression. Given the complex interactions between religiosity and spirituality dimensions in relation to risk of major depression, the reliance on a single domain measure of religiosity or spirituality (e.g. religious service attendance) in research or clinical settings is discouraged.
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Jandrić-Kočić, Marijana. « The assessment of the influence of religiosity and existential well-being on the consumption of alcohol of the adult population of the Orthodox religion ». Timocki medicinski glasnik 47, no 1 (2022) : 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tmg2201005j.

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Background/Aim: Excessive consumption of alcohol is the important public health problem. Individual attitudes toward religion and God as well as the level of perceived meaning of one's own life are important predictors of a wide spectre of attitudes and behaviors including alcohol consumption. The research aimed to determine frequency of consumption of alcohol of adults of Orthodox religion and to estimate the correlation between the determined consumption and religiosity and existential well-being. Methods: The research is cross-sectional study implemented in the period of three months, from August 1 st 2021. to November 1 st 2021 year. The sample consisted of 103 randomly chosen adults, 57 (55,3%) males and 46 (44.7%) females, approximately 44.7 ± 10.45 years old. The instrument of the research was the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and two subscales of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS): the Religious Well-Being subscale (RWB) and the Existential Well-Being Subscale (EWB). Contingency tables were used in statistical data analysis. Results: Alcohol weren't consumed by 21 (20.4%) respondents, while 82 (79.6%) consumed it with different frequency (low-risk drinking 53.4%, risky drinking 16.5%, harmful drinking 2.9% and abuse alcohol 6.8%). Moderate religiosity had 68% of respondents, low 3.9% and high 29.1%. Moderate existential well-being was achieved by 68% of respondents, high by 24.2% and low by 7.8%. Highly significant statistical correlation was determined at the level of p <0,0001 of the alcohol consumption pattern with religiosity and existential well-being of the respondents. Conclusion: Almost 80% of participants in the research consume alcohol, of which two thirds low-risk drinking. The participants with intensive religiosity as well as high existential well-being significantly less or never consume alcohol, compared to the participants who are moderately or low religiosity and existential well-being.
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Højme, Philip. « Whose Survival ? A Critical Engagement with the Notion of Existential Risk ». Scientia et Fides 7, no 2 (26 septembre 2019) : 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/setf.2019.016.

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Liu, Hin-Yan, Kristian Lauta et Matthijs Maas. « Apocalypse Now ? » Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 11, no 2 (9 décembre 2020) : 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-01102004.

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Abstract This paper explores the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic through the framework of existential risks – a class of extreme risks that threaten the entire future of humanity. In doing so, we tease out three lessons: (1) possible reasons underlying the limits and shortfalls of international law, international institutions and other actors which Covid-19 has revealed, and what they reveal about the resilience or fragility of institutional frameworks in the face of existential risks; (2) using Covid-19 to test and refine our prior ‘Boring Apocalypses’ model for understanding the interplay of hazards, vulnerabilities and exposures in facilitating a particular disaster, or magnifying its effects; and (3) to extrapolate some possible futures for existential risk scholarship and governance.
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Davidson, Joe P. L. « Extinctiopolitics : Existential Risk Studies, The Extinctiopolitical Unconscious, And The Billionaires' Exodus from Earth ». New Formations 107, no 107 (1 janvier 2023) : 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:107-8.03.2022.

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One of the most prominent intellectual attempts to grapple with human extinction in recent decades is existential risk studies. For its proponents, like Nick Bostrom and Toby Ord, there is a one-in-six chance that humanity will go extinct in the next century, whether from an asteroid hit, nuclear Armageddon or misaligned artificial intelligence. The field has powerful supporters, with Silicon Valley billionaires like Elon Musk and Jaan Tallinn donating large sums to institutions researching existential risk. In this article, I consider the ideological function of the imaginaries of catastrophe proposed by existential risk studies. To this end, the article begins by examining the distinctive mode of politics, termed extinctiopolitics, elaborated by Bostrom and Ord. Via a critical comparison with the concept of biopolitics, I suggest that extinctiopolitics aims to optimise the future life of humanity through the prediction and prevention of risks that threaten its annihilation. Borrowing the Freudian notion of screen memory, I then argue that extinctiopolitics both acknowledges and represses the ecocidal tendencies of contemporary capitalism. The image of the collective death of the species evokes a range of disastrous events in the present, especially the climate crisis, but in such a way that their social conditions are obscured. By way of conclusion, I briefly reflect on how science fiction texts use the image of human extinction to unpick the ideological manoeuvres of extinctiopolitics and restage the real contradictions of capitalism.
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Thompson, Craig J., et Anil Isisag. « Beyond existential and neoliberal explanations of consumers’ embodied risk-taking : CrossFit as an articulation of reflexive modernization ». Journal of Consumer Culture 22, no 2 (28 décembre 2021) : 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14695405211062058.

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This study analyzes CrossFit as a marketplace culture that articulates several key dimensions of reflexive modernization. Through this analysis, we illuminate a different set of theoretical relationships than have been addressed by previous accounts of physically challenging, risk-taking consumption practices. To provide analytic clarity, we first delineate the key differences between reflexive modernization and the two interpretive frameworks—the existential and neoliberal models—that have framed prior explanations of consumers’ proactive risk-taking. We then explicate the ways in which CrossFit’s marketplace culture shapes consumers’ normative understandings of risk and their corresponding identity goals. Rather than combatting modernist disenchantment (i.e., the existential model) or building human capital for entrepreneurial competitions (i.e., the neoliberal model), CrossFit enthusiasts understand risk-taking as a means to build their preparatory fitness for unknown contingencies and imminent threats. Our analysis bridges a theoretical chasm between studies analyzing consumers’ proactive risk-taking behavior and those addressing the feelings of anxiety and uncertainty induced by the threat of uncontrollable systemic risks.
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Voelz, Johannes. « In the future, toward death : Finance capitalism and security in Don DeLillo’s ‘Cosmopolis’ ». Finance and Society 4, no 1 (31 mai 2018) : 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/finsoc.v4i1.2741.

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This article develops a reading of Don DeLillo’s novel Cosmopolis that differentiates between two thematic and poetological axes running through the text. On the one hand, Cosmopolis explores the future-fixation of the risk regime of finance capitalism; on the other, it stages scenes of insecurity that physically threaten the protagonist and his world. Insecurity, the article argues, is a condition that throughout the text increasingly gains in appeal because it promises to offer an alternative to a world of managed risk. The concern with security emphasizes finitude and mortality, thus enabling a turn to existential matters that the virtual abstractions of finance have seemingly made inaccessible. While proposing an opposition between a logic of risk based on virtuality and a logic of (in)security based on authenticity, DeLillo’s novel also suggests that it is impossible to break out of the logic of risk management pervading late modernity. The appeal of (in)security articulated in Cosmopolis rather lies in the promise to existentially revitalize life within the confines of financialized capitalism.
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Boyd, Matt, et Nick Wilson. « Anticipatory Governance for Preventing and Mitigating Catastrophic and Existential Risks ». Policy Quarterly 17, no 4 (25 novembre 2021) : 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v17i4.7313.

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The world faces many large-scale risks. We describe these global catastrophic and existential risks and identify some challenges in governing the prevention and mitigation of such risks. We identify that risk reduction activity in Aotearoa New Zealand has not appropriately addressed these threats. On the basis of the challenges identified, we then deduce the desired features and functions of an entity for effectively governing risk reduction approaches. We argue for an entity that is: anticipatory, central/aggregating, coordinating, apolitical, transparent, adaptive and accountable. We offer structural options for such an entity and outline the merits of several options.
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Maslakov, Anton A. « EXISTENTIAL MOTIVES IN THE 1880-1884 CHEKHOV’S SHORT STORIES ». Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 28, no 1 (28 mars 2024) : 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2024-1-12-23.

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López de Pomar, Fabrizio. « The Precipice. Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity, de T. Ord ». Persona, no 024(1) (23 août 2021) : 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26439/persona2021.n024(1).5316.

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Edgell, Penny, Jacqui Frost et Evan Stewart. « From Existential to Social Understandings of Risk : Examining Gender Differences in Nonreligion ». Social Currents 4, no 6 (10 janvier 2017) : 556–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496516686619.

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Sportiello, Daniel John. « The Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. By Toby Ord ». American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 97, no 1 (2023) : 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/acpq2023971270.

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