Bibliographies thématiques / Existential Risk

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Existential Risk »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 26 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Eisenberg, Richard A., Guillaume Duboc, Stephanie Weirich et Daniel Lee. « An existential crisis resolved : type inference for first-class existential types ». Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, ICFP (22 août 2021) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3473569.

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Despite the great success of inferring and programming with universal types, their dual—existential types—are much harder to work with. Existential types are useful in building abstract types, working with indexed types, and providing first-class support for refinement types. This paper, set in the context of Haskell, presents a bidirectional type-inference algorithm that infers where to introduce and eliminate existentials without any annotations in terms, along with an explicitly typed, type-safe core language usable as a compilation target. This approach is backward compatible. The key ingredient is to use strong existentials, which support (lazily) projecting out the encapsulated data, not weak existentials accessible only by pattern-matching.
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Sokolov, Yu I. « Existential risk of technological singularity ». Issues of Risk Analysis 16, no 3 (28 juin 2019) : 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-3-62-77.

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GOTTLIEB, JOSEPH. « Space Colonization and Existential Risk ». Journal of the American Philosophical Association 5, no 3 (2019) : 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/apa.2019.12.

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AbstractIan Stoner has recently argued that we ought not to colonize Mars because (1) doing so would flout our pro tanto obligation not to violate the principle of scientific conservation, and (2) there is no countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. While I remain agnostic on (1), my primary goal in this article is to challenge (2): there are countervailing considerations that render our violation of the principle permissible. As such, Stoner has failed to establish that we ought not to colonize Mars. I close with some thoughts on what it would take to show that we do have an obligation to colonize Mars and related issues concerning the relationship between the way we discount our preferences over time and projects with long time horizons, like space colonization.
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Oleskowicz, Tatum, Geneva C. Yawger et Elizabeth C. Pinel. « Not Drinking and Alone : Alcohol Use and Its Implications for Existential Isolation ». Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 42, no 3 (juin 2023) : 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.267.

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Introduction: Research implicates social isolation as a risk factor for problematic alcohol use. However, no known research examines the role that a specific type of social isolation—existential isolation, a feeling of being alone in one's subjective experience of reality—plays in alcohol consumption. In sociocultural contexts where alcohol consumption is normative, existentially isolated individuals may seek out alcohol as a method for experiencing more existential connection. The opposite may also hold true: those who do not partake in the normative, alcohol-drinking culture may “pay the price” with higher levels of existential isolation. This study examined which of these two possible correlations between existential isolation and alcohol use the data support. Methods: In Study 1, we recruited 511 adult participants from Amazon MTurk. We then conducted a regression analysis to examine the unique predictive effects of existential isolation, gender, interpersonal isolation, and a gender × existential isolation interaction on alcohol consumption. Next, we examined whether existential motives mediated the relationship between existential isolation and alcohol use. In Study 2, we recruited 99 adult undergraduate students to determine if the Study 1 findings replicated in a different sample and with different measures of interpersonal isolation. We additionally assessed whether alcohol accounted for self-reported changes in existential isolation before and 3 months after arrival at college. Results: Data from Study 1 revealed that controlling for interpersonal isolation, lower existential isolation levels predicted greater alcohol use and that desire to drink for existential connection accounted for this effect. Study 2 replicated these findings. We observed a significant negative correlation between existential isolation and alcohol use and a negative correlation between alcohol use and change in existential isolation over time. Discussion: Our findings suggest a potential disadvantage to sobriety and an existential risk pathway to problematic alcohol use. We discuss the societal implications of these findings.
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Jebari, Karim. « Existential Risks : Exploring a Robust Risk Reduction Strategy ». Science and Engineering Ethics 21, no 3 (3 juin 2014) : 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9559-3.

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Millett, Piers, et Andrew Snyder-Beattie. « Existential Risk and Cost-Effective Biosecurity ». Health Security 15, no 4 (août 2017) : 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hs.2017.0028.

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Jerabek, Stepan. « A field guide to existential risk ». Science 368, no 6491 (7 mai 2020) : 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc1235.

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Langford, Ian H. « An Existential Approach to Risk Perception ». Risk Analysis 22, no 1 (février 2002) : 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.t01-1-00009.

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Bostrom, Nick. « Existential Risk Prevention as Global Priority ». Global Policy 4, no 1 (février 2013) : 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12002.

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McLaughlin, Alex. « Existential Risk, Climate Change, and Nonideal Justice ». Monist 107, no 2 (15 mars 2024) : 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onae007.

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Abstract Climate change is often described as an existential risk to the human species, but this terminology has generally been avoided in the climate-justice literature in analytic philosophy. I investigate the source of this disconnect and explore the prospects for incorporating the idea of climate change as an existential risk into debates about climate justice. The concept of existential risk does not feature prominently in these discussions, I suggest, because assumptions that structure ‘ideal’ accounts of climate justice ensure that the prospect of climate change as an extinction-level threat does not arise. Given persistent noncompliance with mitigation duties, however, we have reason to revisit these assumptions. I argue that the most promising way for theories of climate justice to account for the significance of existential risk is to look to the practices of protest and resistance in which a concern about extinction or global catastrophe is frequently given expression.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Rawlins, L. Shelley. « Collective Protesting as Existential Communication : A Phenomenology of Risk, Responsibility, and Ethical Attendance ». OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1791.

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This dissertation explores the experience of participating in collective protest. I performed an existential-phenomenological analysis of five participants’ in-depth accounts of their involvements participating in collective protest. I considered my interviewees’ discourse to be reflective of their lived, embodied experiences of being in protest with others. Participants each described distinct protesting experiences. I explored their accounts in relation to six basic aspects of existence: self, other, embodiment, time, space, and choice/freedom. From within these existential realms, participants’ accounts revealed five key existential themes of participating in collective protest: (1) Existential Crises and Activation; (2) Existential Magnification; (3) Existential Horizons; (4) Existential Stakes; and (5) Existential Time-Space. These themes emerged from the ways my participants discussed their experiences in contingent and concrete interrelationships with the six basic states of existence. I considered phenomenological similarities and departures across participants’ descriptions and uncovered 30 distinct modes, or manners in which they experienced their participation in embodied collective protest. My insights suggest that collective protests frequently emerge during periods of heightened cultural disorder. During such anxious times, many participants seek the company of others in collective protest to have their voices heard and to be with people who are similarly concerned. Participants discussed the importance of preserving and exercising their First Amendment rights to publicly communicate dissent in this way. My interviewees also described understandings that protesting is a potentially dangerous activity, but that the risks are assumed collectively. While protesting can be unsafe, this collective action pertains to individuals banding together to make an ethical statement addressing the sense that something bad is on the horizon. While in protest together, people often meet like-minded others, and sometimes these connections bond members in enduring activist communities. At the heart of participating in collective protest are individuals who make a personal choice to adventure out in public to demonstrate in communicative interaction with fellow citizens.
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Kjaergaard, Fabian. « Terror, religion och radikalisering - exempel på bakomliggande riskfaktorer i förbrytarnas psyke och tidigare liv. : - En kvalitativ studie med utgångspunkt i Lewis R. Rambos omvändelseteori ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionspsykologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385231.

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The purpose and aim of this research was to analyze if Lewis R. Rambos conversion the- ory can be applied to describe religious radicalization towards violent Islamic terrorism or not. The research has analyzed and investigated if there are any differences or similarities, regarding risk factors and existential dimensions before the attacks of three terrorists; Rakhmat Akilov, Mohamed Bouhlel and Salman Abedi. The report further considers what role Melder ́s eight existential dimensions play in violent Islamic radicalization. The analyzis is based on a deductive method where, as said above, the conversion theory, existential dimensions and risk factors are used to answer the research questions. This study analyses and encodes the material by hand with paper and pen, even though the program “OpenCode” is more commonly used in a thesis of this proportion, due to it provided a more flexibility. The conclusion of this study is that Rambo ́s theory can elucidate violent reli- gious Islamic radicalization but as the theory tends to be too broad and vague it should be used in combination with other theories to be able to fully explain the conversion. Other- wise the theory tends to be too broad and vague. Results of analyzing the risk factors and existential dimensions, shows that there are more similarities between the three terrorists than differences and that the existential dimensions do play an important role in the religious radicalization even though this theo- ry also can be to broad and vague because of a tendency by the dimensions to overlap.
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Bartuškaitė, Miglė. « Polifarmijos sklaida šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje : medikamentų vartojimo elgsenos analizė ». Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100607_142109-57947.

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Magistro tezių darbo tikslas: Atskleisti polifarmijos priežastis vėlyvosios modernybės visuomenėje. Nuolat besikeičianti visuomenė lemia pokyčius visuose socialinio gyvenimo lygmenyse. Kintanti visuomenė iškelia naujus iššūkius tiek socialiniam veikėjui, tiek ir pačiai visuomenei. Pokyčiai palietė ir sveikatos priežiūros sistemos sektorių. Besiplėtojančios biotechnologijos įgalino mediciną įveikti infekcines ligas, bet tuo pačiu iškelia ir naujų iššūkių. Augantis lėtinių ligų spektras skatina ne tik milžiniškų lėšų skyrimą medikamentų nuo šių ligų kūrimui, bet ir prevenciją. Šiam tikslui pasitelkiama ne tik farmacijos pramonė, bet ir žiniasklaida, kuri yra vienas iš pagrindinių medikamentų vartojimą skatinančių veiksnių. Matydami besišypsančius, gerai nusiteikusius medikamentų reklamos aktorius, daroma prielaida, kad ir socialiniam veikėjui, turinčiam ar bent manančiam turint tam tikrą negalavimą, reklamuojamas medikamentas padės išspręsti esamas ar menamas sveikatos problemas. Beck (2006) kalbėdamas apie rizikos visuomenę, pačią riziką įvardijo kaip subjektyvią, o rizikos galimybę-objektyvią. Rizikų socialinio veikėjo sveikatai kyla nuolat. Ji yra įtakojama daugeliu veiksnių, dėl to jos pamatavimas išlieka subjektyviame lygmenyje. Juk pvz. Gydytojai tiksliai negali nusakyti galimus onkologinius susirgimus, kadangi jie yra veikiama daugeliu veiksnių, tai ir gyvenimo stiliaus ypatumai, aplinka, genetika ir pan. O pačias galimybes medikai apibrėžia kaip rizikos faktorius ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The goal of master thesis is intended to identify the polipharmacy factors in the late modern society. The continuously shifting society is the cause for changes in all the ways society operates. The agency of shifting society boosts new challenges for social actor as well as for society itself. These social changes have also affected healthcare system. Thanks to new biotechnologies that are being developed, medicine can overcome infectious diseases; however, the development of biotechnologies also poses new challenges. The increasing spectrum of chronic diseases not only prompts large funding of the development of pharmaceuticals to cure these diseases, but also the disease prevention in society. To achieve this goal, pharmaceutical industry and mass media, which is one of the biggest motivators for the increase in pharmaceutical consumerism, are employed. By viewing the smiling and well-spirited actors in mass media and pharmaceutical advertising, a social actor presumes that the pharmaceutical could also in a particular case be beneficial to him/her. While discussing risk society, Beck (2006) defines risk as subjective and the possibility of risk as objective. A social actor constantly experiences health risks. Health risk depends on various factors; therefore, risk measurement remains subjective. As for example, the doctors are not able to give the precise diagnosis of probable oncological disorders, since they depend on many factors such as lifestyle, environment... [to full text]
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Makenzius, Marlene. « Unintended Pregnancy, Abortion and Prevention : Women and Men's Experiences and Needs ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179250.

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Women and men’s experiences and needs in relation to induced abortion, and their views on the prevention of unintended pregnancies were explored through questionnaire studies at 10 and13 Swedish women’s clinics (Papers I–IV). Among 798 women in age range 14 – 49, 35% had experience of at least one previous abortion, and in the age range 20 – 49, 41%. The risk factors for repeat abortion were having children (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.57), lack of emotional support (OR 2.09), unemployment or sick leave (OR 1.65), tobacco use (OR 1.56), and low educational level (OR 1.5). Among 590 men in age range 16 – 63, 32% had been involved in at least one previous abortion. The risk factors were, being a victim of violence or abuse (OR 2.62), unemployment or sick leave (OR 2.58), and having children (OR 2.0). Tobacco use was common, among both women (33%) and men (50%), and among those with repeat abortion 41% and 57%, respectively. Some considered societal efforts important for prevention, (Paper I–II). Overall care-satisfaction (Paper III) was high (74% of women and 52% of men). For women, factors associated with high care-satisfaction were being well treated by the staff (OR 11.78), sufficient pain relief (OR 3.87), adequate information about the gynaecological examination (OR 2.25), suitable contraceptive counselling (OR 2.23), and accessibility to the clinic by phone (OR 1.91). For men, the factors were being well treated by the staff (OR 5.32) and adequate information about the abortion procedure (2.64). Existential experiences and needs related to abortion were investigated among 499 women. Three components were identified (Paper IV): existential thoughts (61% of women), existential practices (48%), and humanisation of the foetus (67%). A higher presence of existential components correlated with difficulty in deciding to abort and poor psychological wellbeing after the abortion. Interviews with 24 women and 13 men on their experiences and needs related to home abortion and views on the prevention of unwanted pregnancies revealed two overarching themes (Paper V). Home abortion increased autonomy: both women and men demonstrated self-care ability. However, autonomy was related to dependence: the desire to be treated with empathy and respect on equal terms and receive adequate information adapted to individual needs. They were motivated to avoid a subsequent abortion, but planned contraceptive follow-ups were rare. Both individual and societal challenges were implied: women and men experiencing repeat abortion appeared more disadvantaged and abortion involved complex aspects beyond medical procedures and routines. Thus, abortion care should be continuously evaluated to ensure care satisfaction, safety, and contraceptive adherence. Preventive efforts would include work opportunities, sex and relationship education, and cheap and effective contraceptives. Minimising differences between socioeconomic groups is important, and both individuals and society should share the responsibility for these efforts.
De senaste åren har kvinnor fått ökade möjligheter att välja mellan olika abortprocedurer, vilket medfört att andelen medicinska aborten har ökat och utgör 89% av alla inducerade aborter före utgången av graviditetsvecka 9. Den medicinska aborten kan avslutas i hemmet om kvinnan så önskar och inga hinder finns. Generellt finns begränsad kunskap om kvinnor och framför allt män som är involverade i en abort. Socialstyrelsens register ger endast information om; vilken vecka aborten avslutas i, abortmetod (medicinsk/ kirurgisk), kvinnans ålder, kommuntillhörighet, antal barn och tidigare aborter. Det innebär att det finns begränsad möjlighet att undersöka eventuella skillnader mellan olika grupper. En relativt hög andel (40%) av de abortsökande kvinnorna har erfarenhet av att ha gjort minst en tidigare abort, men kunskap om den gruppen är begränsad. Det övergripande syftet med den här avhandlingen var att undersöka kvinnors och mäns upplevelser och behov i samband med en abort och deras syn på förebyggande insatser. Kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder har använts i de olika delarbetena (I– V) samt teoretiska modeller som utgår från folkhälso- och omvårdnadsperspektiv. Samtliga studier är godkända av den regionala etikprövningsnämnden i Uppsala. Delarbete I–IV bygger på resultat från en multicenter studie som genomfördes 2009, där 10 och 13 svenska kvinnokliniker deltagit. Syftet med delstudie I och II var att undersöka riskfaktorer för upprepad abort bland kvinnor och män. Två enkäter (kvinna/man) delades ut på kliniken i samband med att kvinnorna sökte för abort. Enkäten besvarades av 798 kvinnor efter genomgången abort. Männen som var involverade i graviditeten blev tillfrågade att delta i studien av kvinnorna och 590 män besvarade enkäten. Separata frankerade kuvert bifogades, vilket möjliggjorde att kvinnorna och männen kunde besvara enkäten oberoende av varandra. Resultatet i delarbete I och II visade att 35% av 798 kvinnor i åldern 14 – 49 hade erfarenhet av minst en tidigare abort och den andelen var högre i åldern 20 – 49; 41%. Upprepad abort var associerat med; att ha barn (Odds Ratio [OR] = 2.57), brist på emotionellt stöd (OR 2.09), att vara arbetslös eller sjukskriven (OR 1.65), rökning/snusning (OR 1.56), och låg utbildningsnivå (OR 1.5). För de 590 männen i åldern 16 – 63 hade 32% erfarenhet av minst en tidigare abort. Upprepad abort var associerat med; att ha varit utsatt för våld eller tvång (OR 2.62), att vara arbetslös eller sjukskriven (OR 2.58), och att ha barn (OR 2.0). Daglig tobaksanvändning var vanligt förekommande bland både kvinnor (33%) och män (50%), men vanligare bland dem med erfarenhet av upprepad abort (41%/57%). Konkreta åtgärder som kvinnor och män med aborterfarenhet efterfrågar i det förbyggande arbetet är fler arbetstillfällen, mer och bättre kvalitet på sexoch samlevnadsundervisningen i skolan, hög tillgänglighet till billiga och effektiva preventivmedel samt kvalificerad rådgivning. Slutsatserna i delarbete I och II är att kvinnor och män med erfarenhet av en abort löper hög risk för en upprepad abort. Personer med erfarenhet av upprepad abort är mer socioekonomiskt utsatta. Att minska skillnader mellan olika socioekonomiska grupper kan därför vara av betydelse i det förebyggande arbetet med oönskade graviditeter. Delarbete III syftade till att undersöka hur nöjda kvinnor och män upplevt vården i samband med en inducerad abort samt att identifiera faktorer som har samband med en hög grad av tillfredsställelse med vården. De flesta var nöjda med vården, men en fjärdedel (26%) av kvinnorna och nästan hälften av männen (48%) var inte helt nöjda. Den viktigaste faktorn för hög tillfredsställelse med vården var att ha fått ett gott bemötande bland både kvinnor (OR 11.78) och män (OR 5.32). Andra faktorer av betydelse var för kvinnorna att ha fått tillfredsställande; smärtlindring (OR 3.87), information om den gynekologiska undersökningen (OR 2.25), och preventivmedelsrådgivning (OR 2.23), samt att det var lätt nå kliniken via telefon (OR 1.91). För männen var även information om abortproceduren en viktig faktor för deras totala tillfredsställelse med vården (2.64). Slutsatserna i delarbete III är att en fjärdedel av kvinnorna och varannan man inte var helt nöjda, vilket indikerar att abortvården kan förbättras, speciellt avseende männen. Bland både kvinnor och män, är ett positivt bemötande från personalen den viktigaste faktorn för en tillfredsställande upplevelse av vården i samband med abort. Delarbete IV syftade till att undersöka förekomsten av existentiella tankar, känslor och handlingar bland 499 kvinnor som gjort en abort. Genom faktoranalys identifierades olika existentiella komponenter relaterade till en inducerad abort. Resultatet visade att sex av tio kvinnor hade existentiella tankar om livet, döden, mening och moral. Nästan hälften av kvinnorna uppgav att de hade behov att genomföra en symbolisk handling i relation till aborten, och 67% tänkte på fostret i termer av ett barn. Högre grad av existentiella faktorer korrelerade med större svårighet att fatta beslut om abort, och ett sämre psykiskt välbefinnande efter aborten. Slutsatserna i delarbete IV är att existentiella känslor, tankar och handlingar i samband med abort är vanligt förekommande. Detta är för vårdpersonalen en utmanande aspekt som inte självklart inkluderas i abortvården och dess styrdokument. Syftet med delarbete V, som var en kvalitativ studie, var att undersöka kvinnors och mäns upplevelser och behov i samband med hemabort. Syftet var även att belysa deras syn på samhälleliga åtgärder för att förebygga oönskade graviditeter. Kvinnorna rekryterades från fem olika kvinnokliniker och männen tillfrågades om att delta i studien genom kvinnorna. Tjugofyra kvinnor och 13 män intervjuades via telefon. Innehållsanalysen mynnande ut i två övergripande teman; autonomi som beskriver att beslutet om abort och valet av metod var väl genomtänkt av kvinnan, men oftast med stöd av partner. Hemmiljön ökade deras integritet och kontroll, vilket också underlättade deras möjligheter att fritt uttrycka och dela känslor; beroende som beskriver kvinnors och mäns önskan att bli behandlade med värdighet och respekt och att få tillfredsställande information som är individuellt anpassad för deras behov. Resultatet indikerar att hemabort ställer höga krav på vårdpersonalens kommunikationsförmåga. Kvinnor och män var motiverade att förebygga en ny oönskad graviditet men ett planerat återbesök var ovanligt. I det förebyggande arbetet av oönskade graviditeter ansågs fast arbete, förbättrad kommunikation/utbildning och subventionerade preventivmedel som viktigt. Slutsatserna i delarbete V är att hemabort ökar kvinnors och mäns autonomi, men samtidigt finns ett uttalat beroende av att vårdpersonalen utformar vården individuellt och med respekt för olika livssituationer. Rutiner och uppföljning bör därför kontinuerligt utvärderas för att säkerställa både kvaliteten av abortvården men också följsamheten i användningen av preventivmedel. Oönskade graviditeter och aborter är inte frågor som enbart berör kvinnor eller hälso- och sjukvården, det är större än så, ett delat ansvar som berör både individer och samhället.
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Christie, Andrew Leigh. « Investigating anthropogenic existential risks through art ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91396.

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Thesis: S.M. in Art, Culture and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 55-56).
Through the creation of an art installation called Local Warming, and by analyzing energy-related art works by other artists, I was able to develop a methodology in my attempt to answer the question of what can be done about anthropogenic threats to humankind. Local Warming is a large array of 72 collimated infrared emitting robotic heaters that provide a "bubble" of heat energy around the user as they pass through the installation. This project serves as an example of how energy-technology development can seem threatening and can also be interpreted as the exact opposite: a system that provides us with direct control over our own energy. This serves as a metaphor for our relationship with energy on a global scale. While we may feel that anthropogenic existential threats, such as global warming, are beyond our control, I would argue that these threats are actually opportunities to improve our own understanding of the universe around us. Ultimately, the presence of a global risk can act as a common-cause around which humankind can rally and thrive. More specifically, my primary interest is provoking a conversation on how anthropogenic existential-risks can be thwarted. My methodology has five repeating stages, in no particular order: identifying motivations, creating physical artwork, developing or borrowing a framework, establishing provocations, and reviewing the artwork of other artists who are creating similar work. For my motivations I make assertions that I do not intend to prove such as "human life is important" or "extinction is an undesirable outcome." The purpose of stating my motivations is not to create an argument about the meaning of life, but to help the reader understand my artistic practice as it relates to the topic of anthropogenic existential risks. The creation of a framework serves as a rudder to help guide the creative process. The questions that arise from the creation of this framework are then used as provocations. These provocations need not be iron clad or consistent in their logical makeup, and they often conflict in a way that produces tension. Lastly, the review of works by other artists enables me to put my own work into context.
by Andrew Leigh Christie.
S.M. in Art, Culture and Technology
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Hammarlund, Kina. « Riskfyllda möten : en studie om unga människors upplevelser av sexuellt överförbara infektioner och sexuellt risktagande ». Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap och socialt arbete, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5308.

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The overall aim of the present thesis is to contribute to the knowledge in young people´s experiences, thoughts and norms regarding sexually transmitted infections (STI) and sexual risk-taking. The specific aims are two-fold. The first aim is to explain and understand young Swedish men and women´s lived experience of an STI, in this case genital warts (I, II). The second is to explain and understand the values and attitudes of young men and women to sexual risk-taking (III) in relation to perceptions of gender (IV).   The theoretical perspectives are a reflective lifeworld approach, hermeneutic and gender perspectives. The thesis is based on individual interviews (I, II) and focus groups (III, IV).  The results show that a young person infected by an STI, will experience encounters at different levels. A person with an STI is forced to meet him/herself and their own prejudices. Loss of innocence is highly significant and symbolic for women, while other person´s attitudes are more important for men (I, II). Also, being a disease carrier is of great significance, which has an impact on their views of future meaningful relationships (II).      Sexual risk-taking, such as it was expressed in the focus groups with young people, revealed a pattern that is described as a ‘game’. In that game, a dialogue might feel more intimate than intercourse. These teenagers often view their one night stand partners as objects, as opposed to love relationships where they are viewed as subjects, i.e. persons to be cared for. Engaging in sexual risk-taking often starts at a club where these teenagers pretend that they are spontaneous (III). This game is further illuminated in a secondary analysis with a gender perspective. There are frequent misunderstandings between young men and women that are based on gender constructions, which derive from lack of communication. Hence, they have to take part in a balancing act while shaping their sexual identity and trying to maintain their self-esteem. For these young women, this also concerns not getting a bad reputation. In this act of balance, it is difficult to discuss sexuality and how to protect one’s sexual health (IV). The discussion emphasizes that a professional caring dialogue with young people about STI: s and sexual-risk taking must have reference in the young person´s own reality. Thus, professional health care workers who meet a young person infected with an STI appear to face a challenging task. This involves helping reduce anxiety by defusing the situation, and at the same time to make the person understand the importance of using a condom in order to prevent STI: s.
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Merhi, Jihad. « Beyrouth : entre risque et sécurité. Une géopolitique urbaine d'une ville sous tension ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040084.

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Étudier la sécurité urbaine à Beyrouth, ville schizophrène, espace de guerre et de paix, est en soi un défi, vu la spécificité de sa précarité sécuritaire. Dans cette ville, marquée par des schismes politico-confessionnels intercommunautaires et intracommunautaires et où l’État n’est pas le seul détenteur de l’autorité, le facteur socio-économique, communément déterminant en tant qu’échelle de mesure de risques urbains et surtout sociaux, s’est avéré presque inopérant. Partant du fait que les fluctuations socio-économiques n’ont pas de répercussions signifiantes sur les risques et l’insécurité urbaine dans cette ville, une analyse plus spécifique de la sécurité urbaine est venue soutenir le principe que des risques «existentiels », endogènes à la structure politico-spatiale locale de cet espace, sont plus déterminants. L’originalité du pays s’est aussi revêtue dans une apparence de structure étatique unie, masquant une territorialisation de l’espace et des états non-unis libanais. Un mécanisme d’autoprotection est venu se substituer au contrôle et à l’autorité d’un État fragile où régime politique, ingérences, et groupes armées participent à sa destruction. La spécificité de cet espace multi-politico-confessionnel fait que l’étude de sa sécurité nécessite une lecture du territoire à une échelle micro-locale, et une analyse du mécanisme d’autoprotection qui laissent à réfléchir à de nouvelles échelles de mesure de l’insécurité dans le cadre d’une sous-discipline que nous appelons « géographie sécuritaire ». Le cas de Beyrouth se voit se détacher des analyses classiques en matière de géographie et se rapprocher, comme dans le cas d’autres États faibles ou fragiles, de la sociologie urbaine et de la micro politologie qui mettent en lumière des facteurs latents influençant la sécurité. Ce nouvel outil de « géographie sécuritaire », s’imposant à nous, chercheurs, servira, pour les géopoliticiens, comme une loupe, au prisme de laquelle, une meilleure lecture des sous-espaces infra-locaux des territoires en difficulté sera possible
Studying urban security in Beirut, a schizophrenic city of war and peace, is in itself a challenge due to its unique security vulnerabilities. In this city, characterised by politico-religious antipathies as much as inter and intra-denominational hostilities, where authority is not lodged exclusively in the general government, the socio-economic factor, usually efficient as a scale of measurement for urban and mainly social risks, proved to be quite inoperative. Based on the fact that socio-economic fluctuations did not have significant repercussions on risks and urban security in this city, a more specific and comprehensive approach unveiled the presence of more decisive « existential » risks, endogenous to the particular type of the country’s politico-spatial structure. The country’s eccentric character revealed itself in an apparently united State structure that masks a territorialisation of public space, and thus, non-united Lebanese States. A mechanism of auto-defense grew among individuals to replace the weak authority of a fragile State in which the political regime, foreign interferences and armed group play a destructive role. The approach to the study of security in this multi-politico-religious space, which must be driven by an interpretation of the territory on a micro-local scale along with an analysis of the auto-defense mechanism, helped pave the way for the introduction of a new tool for measuring security in the framework of a sub-discipline that we agreed to call « Securitarian Geography ». Unable to fit in the classical analysis of geography, Beirut, like many other weak or fragile States, tends to require advanced studies in urban sociology and micro-political studies that put forward latent factors influencing security. This new scientific tool called «Securitarian Geography », introduced by us as researchers, will be a novelty tool in the hand of geopoliticians, to better study the specificity of infra-local sub-spaces in vulnerable territories
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Berman, Anne H. « Enhancing Health Among Drug Users in Prison ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Centre for Health Equity Studies [Nationellt nätverkscentrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa] : Almqvist & ; Wiksell International [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-65.

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Sohlman, Alexander. « Back To and Beyond Socrates : An Essay on the Rise and Rhetoric of Existential Pedagogy ». Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of History of Science and Ideas, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113832.

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This essay concerns itself with the historical background to what it refers to as existential pedagogy, which designates the way in which existential literature presumably seeks to affect the reader so that he experiences his existence as isolated, and how this is done through the employment of harsh and uncompromising language and rhetorical devices. The assumption underlying this project is that there is a pedagogical purpose to the existential manner of de-livery, and this essay traces this purpose back to how in the 18th century certain thinkers – Johann Georg Hamann and Friedrich Schlegel – came to look back at Socrates rhetorical en-deavour in order to perfect their own desire to place the question of ‘meaning’, ‘knowledge’ or ‘truth’ into the hands of the receiving individual – the reader of a text or the student of a teacher. By studying the manner in which Hamann and Schlegel used this Socratic rhetoric in their own authorship, I seek to establish how they considered it vital that the recipient experi-enced himself as thoroughly alone in order to cultivate his ability to infuse meaning into the world. The essay continues to examine how Sören Kierkegaard – in his capacity as the mythi-cal ‘father of existentialism’ – conceived of the Socratic rhetoric as lacking in sufficiently accounting for the despair and sinfulness he saw as being intertwined with experiencing one-self as lonely and ignorant. By studying how Kierkegaard approached the reader in his pseu-donymous and existential literature, the essay makes it clear that the existential pedagogy util-ized by Kierkegaard works in order to simultaneously infuse the reader with a feeling of isola-tion and ignorance, as it, through repeatedly focusing on the despair involved in that condi-tion, provoked the reader into taking action, despite (or, existentially, because he was) being taught that he, on account of his inevitable loneliness and ignorance, could not.

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Ndou, Nthomeni Dorah. « Registered nurses' experiences of working in a high-risk environment for contracting HIV/AIDS ». Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2112.

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Registered nurses are exposed to the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and contracting the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Qualitative phenomenological research was conducted to explore registered nurses' experiences of working in such a high-risk environment and how their experiences influence the therapeutic relationship. A sample of registered nurses who care for HIV-infected persons or persons who suffer from AIDS was purposefully selected. Focus group interviews were conducted. Qualitative data analysis was performed. Frankl's theory of meaning of life served as a theoretical foundation for interpreting the research findings. The research results revealed that registered nurses experience existential frustration due to the intentional and unintentional risks that they are exposed to. This negatively impacts upon their ability to maintain a healthy therapeutic relationship with patients. However, evidence was obtained indicating that some factors support their quest for finding meaning in life in the workplace.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
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Livres sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Taylor, Noah B. Existential Risks in Peace and Conflict Studies. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24315-8.

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Durakova, Irina, Larisa Matasova, Ekaterina Mayer, Ivan Grigorov, Tat'yana Rahmanova, Elena Mitrofanova, Anna Bagirova et al. Personnel management in Russia : reboot. Book 11. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2035498.

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The monograph contains the results of research concerning, firstly, new ideas about employees and about human resource management in the context of a reset of the labor market and sanctions restrictions. In the context of these directions, the competition factor is considered as an imperative to reset the supply and demand of labor, the specifics of the modern psyche and existential reality, the role of human capital in the sustainable development of the corporation. Secondly, the actual role of continuing education as a basis for the competitiveness of workers in a period of economic instability, its inclusive scenario and, as a consequence, knowledge, formed, including taking into account the policy of digitalization. Thirdly, issues of well—being, the content of which is a culture of caring and psychological safety of employees, including conditions of crisis economic development, an inclusive environment, family-friendly policy of the organization. Fourth, the problems of managing older workers in the concepts and practice of personnel management: professional success in aging societies, technology for achieving active longevity, training, productivity and remuneration. Fifth, resetting approaches to personnel management: the formation of an organization's culture in the context of the development of information and communication technologies, the development of a system of documentation support for personnel management in order to reduce personnel and legal risks. For students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities and faculties, as well as a wide range of readers interested in personnel management issues.
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Schuster, Joshua, et Derek Woods. Calamity Theory : Three Critiques of Existential Risk. University of Minnesota Press, 2021.

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Schuster, Joshua, et Derek Woods. Calamity Theory : Three Critiques of Existential Risk. University of Minnesota Press, 2021.

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Schuster, Joshua, et Derek Woods. Calamity Theory : Three Critiques of Existential Risk. University of Minnesota Press, 2021.

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Ord, Toby. Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. Hachette Books, 2020.

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Ord, Toby. Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. Hachette Books, 2020.

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The Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. Recorded Books, Inc. and Blackstone Publishing, 2020.

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Ord, Toby. The Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. Recorded Books, Inc. and Blackstone Publishing, 2020.

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The Precipice : Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. Hachette Books, 2020.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Belfield, Haydn. « Collapse, Recovery, and Existential Risk ». Dans How Worlds Collapse, 61–92. New York : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003331384-6.

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Sundaram, Lalitha. « 3. Existential Risk and Science Governance ». Dans The Era of Global Risk, 55–78. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.03.

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As existential risks are deeply related to science and scholars, this chapter proposes a new consideration of scientific governance, self-governance of technologies, and research culture as socio-technical processes opposed to the conventional idea of science as something extrinsic and beyond conditioning. The chapter provides examples of instances where scientists and communities have worked together to improve existing modalities.
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Beard, SJ, et Rachel Bronson. « 1. A Brief History of Existential Risk and the People Who Worked to Mitigate It ». Dans The Era of Global Risk, 1–26. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.01.

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This chapter explores the history of Existential Risk Studies through the stories of people who have sought to understand and avert threats like nuclear weapons, environmental breakdown, and disruptive technologies over the last seventy-five years. It offers new perspectives to people working on reducing existential risks today, from politicians to activists or academics, so that we can “turn back the hands of the Doomsday Clock”.
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Wells-Jensen, Sheri, et SJ Beard. « 5. We Have to Include Everyone : Enabling Humanity to Reduce Existential Risk ». Dans The Era of Global Risk, 101–22. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.05.

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Disabled and marginalised people are often excluded from the debate around existential risk. However, they have much to contribute: this chapter argues that diversity and inclusion are powerful tools to implement solutions to global threats and vital sources of creativity and resilience for the field of Existential Risk Studies.
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Jones, Natalie. « 4. Beyond ‘Error and Terror’ : Global Justice and Global Catastrophic Risk ». Dans The Era of Global Risk, 79–100. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.04.

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How can thinking about justice improve the lens through which we consider global existential risks? This chapter considers global injustice and inequality in the study of risk, and analyses the roles of individuals and institutions in causing or dealing with catastrophes. It also proposes a case study for this new perspective, using the example of climate change.
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Burden, John, Sam Clarke et Jess Whittlestone. « 9. From Turing’s Speculations to an Academic Discipline : A History of AI Existential Safety ». Dans The Era of Global Risk, 201–36. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0336.09.

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Through a short history of research into artificial intelligence, this chapter emphasises the need to ensure the safety of such technology. From longstanding fears of hubris to contemporary technical challenges, concerns around this modern technology are discussed, and the need to make progress on AI existential safety to avoid dangers to future generations is scrutinised.
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Shumaker, David. « The Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors Associated with Debilitating Existential Anxiety in Adolescents ». Dans Existential-Integrative Approaches to Treating Adolescents, 27–57. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95211-3_2.

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Hagoel, Lea. « Existential Suffering in the Social Context of Cancer Risk ». Dans Alleviating World Suffering, 411–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51391-1_25.

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Asp, Karen. « Autonomy of Artificial Intelligence, Ecology, and Existential Risk : A Critique ». Dans Cyborg Futures, 63–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21836-2_4.

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Flood, Stephen, Yairen Jerez Columbié, Martin Le Tissier et Barry O’Dwyer. « Introduction : Can the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement, and Agenda 2030 Provide a Path Towards Societal Resilience ? » Dans Creating Resilient Futures, 1–19. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80791-7_1.

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AbstractThe Global Risk Report 2021 highlights the portfolio of risks that may reshape the world in the coming years (WEF, The Global Risks Report 2021 (16th ed.). ISBN: 978-2-940631-24-7. http://wef.ch/risks2021, 2021). Although the global portfolio of risks is dominated by the existential crisis of climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic presents an immediate experience of how risk can upend and disrupt our societies and economies. It has highlighted existing global inequalities and demonstrated the scope and scale of cascading socio-ecological impacts. The impacts of climate change on global communities will likely dwarf the disruption brought on by the pandemic, with impacts being more diffuse and pervasive over a longer time frame. The chapter sets out the nature of the climate change problem and the potential value in integrating the agendas of Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and the Sustainable Development Goals to increase societal resilience. It then describes the scope of the book under its three sections: Best practice approaches Irish case studies International case studies Lessons learned are then presented from the studies set out within the volume, followed by challenges and potential solutions to realising the ambition of resilience. Finally, a set of overarching conclusions are drawn.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Demko, Megan, Katina Michael, Kennedy Wagner et Terri Bookman. « When Brain Computer Interfaces Pose an Existential Risk ». Dans 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462244.

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Saavedra-Rivano, Neantro. « AI and Us : Existential Risk or Transformational Tool ? » Dans 2019 IEEE 18th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics & Cognitive Computing (ICCI*CC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicc46617.2019.9146091.

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Bucknall, Benjamin S., et Shiri Dori-Hacohen. « Current and Near-Term AI as a Potential Existential Risk Factor ». Dans AIES '22 : AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3514094.3534146.

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Stepnova, Liudmila, et Elizaveta Prokopenko. « Susceptibility to Internet Addiction in Russia : Geography, Age, And Frustrated Existential Values ». Dans The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-47.

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The article is the first in Russia to present sociologically correct (relative to the general population) and simultaneously psychologically profound results of 2 All-Russian Internet surveys: screening-diagnostics of the level of resistance/vulnerability to Internet addiction in Russia and its federal districts (2017: n = 3 007, ages 10-40); identification of words - markers of values for norm and risk groups (2018: n = 144, ages 18-28). Methods: Internet addiction test (A. E. Zichkina), self-reports on the duration of the offline period per year, 16-FLO (R. Kettell, MD self-evaluation scale, B intellect scale), ‘Short portrait questionnaire of the Big Five (B5-10)’ (M.S. Egorova, O.B Parshikova), ‘Existence’ (A. Langle, K. Orgler, S.V. Krivtsova), author’s questionnaire, Deception scale. Results: 3/4 citizens of the Russian Federation fall within a normal range, but only 1/4 have no signs of internet addiction. Contrary to social prejudice and statistics from English-language studies, Internet addiction is least pronounced among 18-21-year-old Russian respondents (when they are virtually active). Normally young people are characterised by the needs for Career, Care, the ability to Manage/Control and Influence events/decisions, anticipate internet escapism when they lose their Meaning, Wisdom or Interest. The risk group includes 8.6 % males, and 23.6 % females. Internet addicts 2.3 % (coinciding with global statistics): twice as many women (different from global statistics). Girls under 14, teenagers, men aged 22-25 and women aged 30-35 are at risk and among those considered to be Internet addicts. Adults in this group develop existential indecisiveness, have unmet status-related claims (specifically Respect) and a strongly overestimated willingness to use coping strategies in reality instead of virtually. Internet addicts are most numerous in the Central Federal District (4.6 %), with the highest risk group in the Far East (37.8 %).
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Chrobák, Marián, et Miroslava Barkóciová. « The Risk of Investing in the Construction of a Recreational Facility During a Pandemic ». Dans EDAMBA 2022 : 25th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. Bratislava : University of Economics in Bratislava, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2022.9788022550420.173-183.

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The potential success of the hotel business in Slovakia has been associated with a relatively high degree of uncertainty over the last two years. Slovak Government Guideline No. 4/DzPaÚ/2019/MÚ on recreation allowances introduced an obligation for larger employers to reimburse employees for part of their recreation expenses from 2019, creating increased demand for Slovak recreational facilities. On the other hand, the same government, through various restrictions issued in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, has caused recreational operators problems during this period, not infrequently even existential ones. In this situation, investment in the construction of new hotel- type leisure facilities is burdened by the impact of various factors in the external business environment. The present paper is devoted to the estimation of the risks associated with the construction of hotel-type recreational facilities in the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. The present estimation is performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method implemented under the assumption of three possible scenarios of development of the external economic environment in the period of the pandemic. Relevant pairwise comparisons forming the input to the AHP method for each alternative are the result of expert assessment of the impact of selected factors.
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Kyle, Jennifer. « Spirituality as a Predictor of Reduced Suicide Risk in a Religiously and Ethnically Diverse Youth Sample ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/rrgn8796.

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Cross-cultural suicide research on spiritual faith as a protective factor in youth is limited. The aim of this study is to examine spiritual faith as a predictor of passive suicidal ideation in a racially and religiously diverse sample of college-aged youth. Participants (N = 243) completed self-report instruments to assess suicidality, social support, reasons for living as well as existential and religious well-being. Over 50% of the sample reported identifying with a racial group including Asian, Hispanic and Black. Approximately 81% of participants reported they had spiritual beliefs (N = 196) representing a variety of religions, including Catholicism, Judaism and Islam. Analyses of variance were used to assess any mean group differences for race, gender and having a religious affiliation using each of the predictor variables. Although racial group differences were not found significant, the analysis yielded significant results for gender, where females reported more reasons for living than males. And for those with religious affiliation, participants reported higher levels of social support, religious well-being and reasons for living. In the final regression model, over and above the influence of gender and religious affiliation, positive faith-based beliefs along with social support was associated to lower levels of passive ideation. Implications of findings and future research are also discussed.
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Morsch, Paul. « Capabilities and Competences for Strategic Decision Making in Digital World ». Dans Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.49.

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Technological and digital developments go fast and are interrelated causing the environment of organizations to change rapidly. Furthermore, consumer needs evolve and disruptive business models of new (unexpected) competitors take market share of incumbents. This makes it difficult to determine what the relevant contextual factors are that organizations need to take into account when formulating their strategy. At the same time, the digital possibilities for organizations to add value for their customers, is increasing in an unpredictable way. These substantial uncertainties for organizations, combined with the existential need for organizations to add value in a more effective and efficient way than their competitors, put them at great risk. In this perspective, it is also difficult for organizations to determine what capabilities and competences in the strategic decision unit are required to constitute a good strategy to adopt to digital developments. This paper describes a PhD research project with the objective to find a way for organizations to determine what capabilities and competences in the strategic decission unit are needed to formulate a future-proof strategy in a changing, complex and ambiguous context.
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Hornung, Severin, Matthias Weigl, Britta Herbig et Jürgen Glaser. « WORK AND HEALTH IN TRANSITION : TRENDS OF SUBJECTIFICATION IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ». Dans International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact056.

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"Reported is the synthesis of a series of seven studies on work and health, conducted collaboratively by researchers in applied psychology and occupational medicine. This qualitative meta-study develops a framework, in which reviewed studies are structured, aggregated, integrated, and interpreted in a theory-guided iterative process of themed analysis. Building on empirical results, the subsequent interpretive integration seeks to demonstrate, how overarching, pervasive, and in psychological research typically underemphasized tendencies of “subjectification” manifest in exemplary work contexts, research topics, and results. Subjectification of work is operationalized in dimensions of work intensification (performance focus), work internalization (goal adoption), and work individualization (job personalization). A meta-dimension is work insecurity (personal risk), cultivated in contemporary management ideologies of employee self-reliance. Following thematic description, content-analytical structuring criteria include: a) focus on work task (activity) versus working conditions (context); b) primary (close, direct, explicit) versus secondary (inferred, indirect, subtle) references to and/or indication for identified tendencies of subjectification; and c) theoretically assumed and empirically examined relationships with negative (psychopathological) and positive (psychosalutogenic) short, medium, and longer-term attitudinal and health-related work effects, as well as the personality-shaping impact of long-term occupational socialization. Psychological aspects of work tasks are core to 4 studies, 3 focus on working conditions and organizational practices. References to intensification were dominant in 4 studies, whereas 5 include internalization processes, and 3 predominantly focus on individualization of work. All studies share secondary or indirect references to other subjectifying tendencies. Examined work effects were aggregated into a matrix of short, medium and long-term positive and negative manifestations of health and wellbeing. Results suggest tensions and pressures arising from the motivational individualization of work tasks and conditions, resulting internalization of organizational interests and goals (e.g., performance, efficiency, costs), coupled with system-inherent tendencies of work intensification. These dysfunctional dynamics constitute risks factors for psychologically detrimental or harmful forms of self-management, self-control, and self-endangering work behavior, as manifestations of “internalized” incompatibilities between work and health in the neoliberal workplace, aggravated by existential threats associated with political-economic crisis. Outlined are implications of subjectification for a critical reevaluation and reorientation of basic theoretical assumptions of research and practice in applied psychology and occupational health."
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Accou, Bart, et Fabrizio Carpinelli. « Is there a future for Safety Management Systems ? » Dans 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005300.

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The concept of Safety Management Systems (SMS) to control the risks of operational activities has already been introduced in high-risk industries some decades ago. Nevertheless, this SMS is often criticized as burdensome and complex. The introduction of the legal obligation to develop a SMS may also have introduced a misunderstanding in terms of how to do it. Through its requirement to formalise all main activities, the SMS is perceived as bureaucratic and as a vehicle for pure compliance, often detached from an organisation’s core and operational activities, and it is questioned whether it can deliver the safe performance that was hoped for.Moreover, the complexity of the socio-technical system in most of the high-risk industries has increased significantly in recent decades and continues to do so, making the overall performance of the system less predictable and less transparent for the human operator. In addition, because of climate change and other global challenges, surprises of different kinds have become part of our expectations, which requires from safety-critical systems that they be able to adapt to an uncertain and potentially fast changing environment. All of this has led to questioning the traditional way of managing safety and to alternatives being sought, resulting in a multitude of often conflicting opinions and models. The idea, however, that the performance of a (socio-technical) system should be approached in its entirety, seems to be endorsed by a large part of the safety management community. This requires acknowledging (human) variability as well as considering the complex and emergent phenomena that result from system interactions, to complement more traditional safety approaches. Against this background of very distinct and possibly contradicting approaches that have dominated the discussions on safety management over the last decades, and with SMS as a clear artifact of a more traditional approach, the relevance of SMS as a viable concept can be questioned as well as whether more traditional and newer approaches can ever be reconciled or coexist in harmony. To answer the existential question whether the concept of SMS can effectively contribute to the new perspective(s) on safety management, and with the aim of understanding better how to build resilience and adaptability into the railway system, this paper builds on the logic of the Extended Safety Fractal (Accou and Reniers, 2020) to re-think the traditional building blocks of an SMS from the perspective of controlling (human) performance variability. This requires that influences on/from human and organisational factors are explicitly identified as elements of the safety strategy to follow. Furthermore, this will require from organisations and its leaders as well as regulators to develop the capability to perceive, understand and pro-actively manage the tensions between (changing) demands for stability and flexibility, for which solutions should then be consequently implemented through both formal and informal cultural enablers.
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Felcis, Elgars, et Renars Felcis. « Degrowth by disaster or design : convergence of crises and possible pathways in Latvia ». Dans 23th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.005.

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The ongoing climate and environmental breakdown, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian war in Ukraine are some of the key events creating a continuous convergence of crises that will likely affect most societal groups and the whole global (dis)order. Based on research within the Latvian Council of Science funded project ‘Ready for change? Sustainable management of common natural resources’, this paper explores firstly, the evidence-based impossibility of perpetual growth; secondly, the already visible signs of socio-economic hardship throughout 2020 - 2023; and thirdly, the possible pathways for actions in Latvia, based on long-term involvement in degrowth movement and participatory action research. We conclude that the early warnings for ‘Limits to growth’ 50 years ago have proven correct and dramatic reductions in emissions and material throughput are necessary to ensure a liveable planet for humans and broader biodiversity. The only substantial historical reductions have happened during the crises, and the decoupling of growth from environmental destruction remains a dangerous illusion. Therefore, the degrowth body of knowledge must be considered as a ‘vision for a better future’ with understanding and respect to planetary boundaries, social equity and other limits. Unfortunately, the lessons from crises indicate that corporate and political elites are afraid to reorganize the growth hegemony-driven economic and political systems. Still, the environmental breakdown has not yet provided such a sense of urgency that COVID-19 did, despite all warnings. The possible pathways in Latvia are not unique in this sense as our research confirms such a lack of sense of urgency and prioritisation of economic aims above environmental/existential, immediate above the more distant. There are aspects of valuable societal and environmental resilience in Latvia that are likely to be useful in adaptation to crises, but growth-based environmental destruction is generally not understood even among many environmentally active people. The strategic vision for alternative development strategies is very limited in Latvia. The high risk of degrowth by disaster remains.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Existential Risk"

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Jones, Charles. The A.I. Dilemma : Growth versus Existential Risk. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31837.

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Agarwala, Matthew, Matt Burke, Jennifer Doherty-Bigara, Patrycja Klusak et Kamiar Mohaddes. Climate Change and Sovereign Risk : A Regional Analysis for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, avril 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012885.

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Climate change is an existential threat to the world economy, with complex, evolving and nonlinear dynamics that remain a source of great uncertainty. There is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, but research on how climate change affects sovereign risks is limited. This paper provides forward-looking regional analysis of the effects of climate change on sovereign creditworthiness, probability of default and the cost of borrowing for the Caribbean economies. Our results indicate that there is substantial variation in the sensitivity of ratings to climate change across the region which is due to the non-linear nature of ratings. Our findings improve the identification and management of sovereign climate risk and provides a forward-looking assessment of how climate change could affect the cost of accessing international finance. As such, it leads to a suite of policy options for countries in the region.
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Black, Richard, Joshua Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Cedric de Coning, Hafsa Maalim, Claire McAllister, Melvis Ndiloseh et al. Environment of Peace : Security in a New Era of Risk. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037.

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The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number of conflicts, the number of hungry people and military expenditure are rising; so are indicators of environmental decline, in climate change, biodiversity, pollution and other areas. In combination, the security and environmental crises are creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic and existential risks. Without profound changes of approach by institutions of authority, risks will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment of Peace surveys the evolving risk landscape and documents a number of developments that indicate a pathway to solutions––in international law and policy, in peacekeeping operations and among non-governmental organizations. It finds that two principal avenues need to be developed: (a) combining peace-building and environmental restoration, and (b) effectively addressing the underlying environmental issues. It also analyses the potential of existing and emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating risks to peace and security. The findings demonstrate that only just and peaceful transitions to more sustainable practices can be effective––and show that these transitions also need to be rapid.
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Rheinberger, Christoph, et Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion : social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, juin 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.

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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, et Kainat Shakil. Gender Populism : Civilizational Populist Construction of Gender Identities as Existential Cultural Threats. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0023.

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In the Islamist version of civilizational populism, the emotional backlash against the rise of secularism, multiculturalism, progressive ideas, and ‘wokeness,’ has been skillfully employed. While for the populists, populist far right and civilizational populists in the West, usually the Muslims are the civilizational other, we argue in this article, in the Islamist civilizational populism, the list of civilizational enemies of the Muslim way of life also includes feminists and LGBTQ+ rights advocates.Gender populism is a relatively new concept that refers to the use of gender symbolism, language, policy measures, and contestation of gender issues by populist actors. It involves the manipulation of gender roles, stereotypes, and traditional values to appeal to the masses and create divisions between “the people” and “the others.” This paper looks at the case study of gender populism in Turkey, where the Justice and Development Party (AKP) has been in power for over two decades. The AKP has used gender populism to redefine Turkish identity, promote conservative Islamism, and marginalize women and the LGBTQ+ community. The paper also discusses how gender populism has been used by the AKP to marginalize political opponents.
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Toward a Declaration on Future Generations. Blavatnik School of Government, janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-pb_2023/001.

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A United Nations report, Our Common Agenda, commissioned for the international body’s 75th anniversary, proposes for states to issue a Declaration on Future Generations as a way to address the ongoing and urgent overlapping crises of the present and the deeper drivers such as climate change, technological and demographic transitions, and persistent underdevelopment. Such a Declaration should firstly define future generations, and secondly delimit a list of issues that affect them such as sustainability, responsible development of emerging technology, management of existential risks, and long-term development. Additionally, countries should create a ‘voice’ for future generations in the UN system, such as a Special Envoy or High Commissioner, as well as a forum in which nations can share experiences regarding how to better safeguard future generations in their domestic systems. This can serve as a critical catalyst for broader changes in human governance.
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