Bibliographies thématiques / Exclusive and shared competences

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Exclusive and shared competences »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Exclusive and shared competences"

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CAICEDO CAMACHO, DOLLY NATALIA. « LA UTILIZACIÓN DEL PODER SUBVENCIONAL DEL ESTADO EN EL MARCO DE LA ASISTENCIA SOCIAL ». RVAP 105, no 105 (1 août 2016) : 355–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.105.2016.09.

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El presente artículo analiza el alcance del poder de gasto del Estado central en el campo de la asistencia social. Para ello, describe el desarrollo de la competencia autonómica en el marco de la descentralización territorial del Estado social para posteriormente detallar la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Constitucional emitida en los últimos años sobre la utilización del poder del poder subvencional. El artículo concluye que se ha producido un cambio sustancial a los criterios sobre la territorialización de las subvenciones de la STC 13/1992. Este cambio supone la desvinculación de las convocatorias de subvenciones de los títulos competenciales del art. 149.1CE y una reinterpretación de los criterios de territorialización de las ayudas en clave centralista trasladando al campo de las competencias exclusivas la regla fijada para las competencias compartidas. Pero, además desde un sentido más amplio, el criterio de la función de la competencia como orientador de la disposición del gasto del Estado se ha sustituido por un criterio más amplio y genérico, conforme al cual las funciones normativas corresponden al Estado y las funciones de gestión corresponden a las Comunidades autónomas. Esta regla se aplica con independencia de que la materia objeto de la ayuda sea una competencia compartida o exclusiva. Artikulu honetan Estatu zentralaren gastu-ahalmenaren norainokoa aztertzen da gizarte-laguntzaren eremuan. Horretarako, eskumen autonomikoaren garapena deskribatzen da Estatu sozialaren lurralde-deszentralizazioaren esparruan, eta gero azken urteotan diru-laguntzak emateko ahalmenaren erabilerari buruz Konstituzio Auzitegiak jaulkitako jurisprudentzia aztertzen da xeheki. Artikuluan ondorioztatzen da funtsezko aldaketa gertatu dela STC 13 /1992 epaiko diru-laguntzen lurralde-banaketari buruzko irizpideen inguruan. Aldaketa horrek ekarri du ondorio modura, diru-laguntzen deialdiak Espainiako Konstituzioaren 149.1 artikuluko eskumen-tituluetatik banandu eta bereizi egin direla eta laguntzen lurralde-banaketarako irizpideak berrinterpretatu direla ikuspegi zentralista batetik, eta eskumen esklusiboen eremura lekualdatu dela eskumen partekatuentzat finkatuta zegoen araua. Baina, horrez gainera, zentzu zabalago batean, Estatuaren gastuaren bideratzaile izatearen eskumen-funtzioari buruz lehen aplikatzen zen irizpidearen ordez, irizpide zabalagoa, generikoagoa ezarri da, zeinaren arabera araugintza-eginkizunak Estatuari dagozkion eta kudeaketa-eginkizunak, aldiz, autonomia-erkidegoei. Arau hori laguntzaren xede den arloa eskumen partekatukoa edo esklusibokoa den kontuan hartu gabe aplikatzen da. This article analyzes the scope of the spending power by the Central State within the field of social assistance. To that end, it is described the development of the autonomous competence within the State territorial descentralization in order subsequently to itemize the Constitutional Court case law delivered during the last years regarding the use of the power to subsidize. The article concludes that there has been a significant change in the criteria regarding the territorialization of subsidies as stated by the Constitutional Court judgement 13/1992. This change means the decoupling of the call for subsidies from the powers by art. 149.1 C and a reinterpretation of the territorialization criteria in the field of aids in terms of centralization allocating to the field of the exclusive competences the rule established for the shared competences. But from a broader sense the criteria of the competence as a guiding criteria for the disposal of spending by the State has been substituted for a wider and broader criteria according to whom legal functions belong to the State and management functions to the Autonomous Communities. This rule applies regardless of the field of the aid is a shared or exclusive competence.
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Karayigit, Mustafa T. « Why and to What Extent a Common Interpretative Position for Mixed Agreements ? » European Foreign Affairs Review 11, Issue 4 (1 décembre 2006) : 445–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2006037.

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The phenomenon of mixed agreements has become the main feature of external relations of the Community legal order and it also is to become the main feature of external relations of the European legal order. With regard to this phenomenon the paper examines whether, to what extent and why a common interpretative position is followed by the ECJ for provisions of mixed agreements so as to shed light on the characteristics of the existence and exercise of competences of both the Community and the Member States in the external sphere in the light of case law to better understand a true structure of the Community legal order. The paper has two main arguments. Firstly, the paper asserts that neither the existence nor the exercise of external competences of the Community could be confined to its exclusive external competences, since the Community also nonexclusively exercises its external competences. Secondly, given that competences are demarcated within the Community legal order in an objective-oriented way in furtherance of the Treaty objectives, the shared and complementary characteristics of the national competences signify the incorporation of shared national competences into this legal in order to be exercised within the Community framework. It no longer is possible, upon the European constitutionalization process, to describe national competences as merely one type.
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Neunreither, Karlheinz. « Subsidiarity as a Guiding Principle for European Community Activities ». Government and Opposition 28, no 2 (1 avril 1993) : 206–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1993.tb01278.x.

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Maastricht Has Put Subsidiarity in The Forefront OF European Community (EC) guidelines. This new principle will allow the EC to take action wherever competences are shared in those areas where the member states cannot sufficiently achieve its objectives, but not beyond. The new Article 3b reads:The Community shall act within the limits of the powers conferred upon it by this Treaty and of the objectives assigned to it therein.In areas which do not fall within its exclusive competence, the Community shall take action, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, only if and in so far as the objectives of the proposed action cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member states and can therefore, by reason of the scale or effects of the proposed action, be better achieved by the Community.Any action by the Community shall not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives of this Treaty.
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Leal-Arcas, Rafael. « Exclusive or Shared Competence in the Common Commercial Policy : From Amsterdam to Nice ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 30, Issue 1 (1 avril 2003) : 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2003002.

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This paper is an analysis of the EC's Common Commercial Policy (CCP) since the Amsterdam Treaty until the Nice Treaty. It explains the CCP’s evolution since the 1996 Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference, taking into account the most recent constitutional developments of division of competencies between the EC and its Member States. I conclude that the increasing demands at Nice for greater transparency and simplicity have not been met by the new version of Article 133 EC and that most EU Member States did not bring the scope of the EC’s commercial policy in line with the scope of international economic law as it evolved from the conclusion of the WTO Agreement. The European Parliament was the big loser in the new Article 133 EC since it was not given any new rights at the Nice summit. The Treaty of Nice, thus, only represents a small step forward in strengthening the EC’s capacity to act on the international sphere.
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Waddington, Lisa. « The European Union and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities : A Story of Exclusive and Shared Competences ». Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 18, no 4 (décembre 2011) : 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x1101800404.

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Puig, Ramón Vidal. « The Scope of the New Exclusive Competence of the European Union with Regard to ‘Foreign Direct Investment’ ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 40, Issue 2 (1 mai 2013) : 133–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2013008.

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Article 207 TFEU confers upon the European Union exclusive competence with regard to 'foreign direct investment'. This article argues that this competence may be broad enough to cover most, if not all, the matters usually addressed in a Bilateral Investment Treaty. It covers both the initial 'admission' of investments and 'post-admission' matters, such as 'national treatment', 'most-favoured nation treatment' or 'equal and fair treatment'. Member States retain the right to expropriate the assets of foreign investors, but the Union may subject its exercise to certain conditions. Article 207 TFEU does not cover 'portfolio investments', but the Union may have implied exclusive competence by virtue of the common rules on capital movements (Articles 63-66 TFEU). Competence in the 'field of transport' remains, in principle, 'shared'. Member States may maintain the restrictions 'grandfathered' by Article 64(1) TFEU. It is arguable, but more doubtful, that Article 65(1)TFEU also provides an exception.
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Yotova, Rumiana. « OPINION 2/15 OF THE CJEU : DELINEATING THE SCOPE OF THE NEW EU COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ». Cambridge Law Journal 77, no 1 (mars 2018) : 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819731800020x.

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ON 16 May 2017, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered its Opinion 2/15 concerning the competence of the EU to conclude the Free Trade Agreement with Singapore (EUSFTA) (ECLI:EU:C:2017:376). The Opinion was requested by the Commission which argued, with the support of the European Parliament (EP), that the EU had exclusive competence to conclude the EUSFTA. The Council and 25 of the Member States countered that the EUSFTA should be concluded as a mixed agreement – that is, by the EU and each of its members – because some of its provisions fell under the shared competence of the organisation or the competence of the Member States alone.
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Li, Guofang, et Huangwei Gao. « An Equity Perspective on Chinese (csol) Teacher Preparation for Global Contexts : Domestic and International Preservice Teachers’ Experiences ». Beijing International Review of Education 3, no 3 (13 décembre 2021) : 462–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25902539-03030001.

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Abstract Using a three-dimensional framework that sees equity as distributed justice, inclusion, and rightful presence, this study examines the perspectives of 60 (40 domestic and 20 international) pre-service csol teachers’ experiences of preparation for teaching in diverse local and global contexts in a major teacher education program in China. Thematic analyses of semi-structured interview data revealed the exclusive Chinese linguistics focus of the program excluded both domestic and international preservice teachers’ needs to learn to teach in csol and through csol. The attention to traditional Chinese cultural knowledge also failed to legitimize “the rightful presence” of international students or prepare the teachers with intercultural competence. Finally, the lack of attention to the theory-practice connection in core competencies preparation had resulted in distributed injustice and a shared sense of under-preparedness for both groups. Findings inform an equity-centered Tcsol teacher education for global contexts.
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Baumé, Tristan. « Competence of the Community to Conclude the New Lugano Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgements in Civil and Commercial Matters : Opinion 1/03 of 7 February 2006 ». German Law Journal 7, no 8 (1 août 2006) : 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005022.

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On March 5, 2003, the Council of the European Union (hereafter the ‘Council’) submitted a request for an opinion to the European Court of Justice pursuant to Article 300 (6) EC. This request was intended to clarify whether the Community had an exclusive or shared competence to conclude a new convention on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters intended to replace the existing Lugano Convention (hereafter the ‘new Lugano Convention’ or the ‘envisaged agreement’).
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Chalmakoff, R. « Turnkey cleanroom complexes and engineering infrastructure. Professional experience of the company DEAXO in Russia ». Nanoindustry Russia 14, no 5 (22 septembre 2021) : 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2021.14.5.254.258.

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The development of "turnkey" cleanrooms is the contemporary task, in demand under the conditions of the growth both of Russian industry and the share of high-tech production, which requires complex solutions from the stage of design development to obtaining certification and post-launching service. DEAXO Company has been developing the advanced technological infrastructure of engineering systems and turnkey cleanroom complexes in Russia for more than 6 years. Within the most innovative, breakthrough fields of development of the national manufacture the company DEAXO creates and realizes exclusive smart solutions from the very idea of the project and the project negotiation till its launch and the further service of the advanced technological production facilities that meet all the requirements of the highest modern quality standards. The concern about professional skills of the employees and improvement of their engineering competences led to the creation of the training center where the new, ready to work in the DEAXO on the Russian market specialists are prepared. CEO of the company DEAXO René Chalmakoff shares the longstanding experience about working on the Russian and international market of semiconductor industry.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Exclusive and shared competences"

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Alas, Nuno Branco. « Novas tendências de gestão pública : a implementação de um programa de avaliação e desenvolvimento de competências numa unidade de serviços partilhados ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18954.

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É hoje consensual, entre as várias correntes da gestão, que a obtenção de vantagens competitivas depende em grande medida das estratégias de gestão de recursos humanos. Orientada para os aspectos estratégicos, a gestão por competências surge como uma abordagem capaz de integrar os objectivos das organizações com os objectivos individuais. Simultaneamente, as novas tendências da gestão pública apontam para a necessidade de desenvolver processos conducentes à melhoria contínua dos serviços prestados, introduzindo um maior rigor na informação de gestão. São princípios subjacentes a estas novas tendências a necessidade de redução de custos, o aumento da produtividade, a normalização de processos e sistemas e o desenvolvimento de centros de competência e inovação. Neste trabalho, de natureza essencialmente empírica, pretendemos ilustrar o processo de concepção e implementação de um Programa de Avaliação e Desenvolvimento de Competências que foi desenvolvido para uma Unidade de Serviços Partilhados, no âmbito de uma organização pública. ABSTRACT: lt is actually consensual between several theoretical approaches that the attainment of competitive advantages depends on strategies of human resource management. Guided for strategic aspects, competencies’ management appears as an approach capable of integrating organizations and individual's goals. Simultaneously, the new trends of public administration point out the necessity of developing continuous improvement processes, introducing a higher quality in the management information. The necessity of costs reduction, the increase of the productivity and the normalization of processes and systems, as well the development of competencies centers and innovation, are underlying principles to these new trends. ln this empirical work we intend to illustrate the process of conception and implementation of a Program of Evaluation and Development of Competencies, developed for a Unit of Shared Services, in a public organization.
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Bou, Aoun Melynda. « Le mariage en droit libanais : étude de droit international privé ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020068.

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Dans le système pluraliste libanais, le mariage ainsi que les matières du statut personnel relèvent exclusivement de la compétence des dix-huit communautés religieuses qui ont un véritable pouvoir de juridiction et de législation en la matière. Cependant, le législateur a permis aux Libanais d’échapper aux statuts religieux applicables en droit interne en célébrant un mariage civil à l’étranger. Ce mariage est reconnu au Liban et il est soumis intégralement à la loi civile étrangère choisie indirectement par les parties. C’est en cela que consiste le libéralisme du droit international privé en matière de mariage qui accorde, en définitive, un rôle important à l’autonomie de la volonté des époux. Cependant, ce libéralisme n’est pas inconditionnel. Il ne déploie ses effets qu’en l’absence de toute célébration religieuse. Les règles du droit international privé deviennent même impérialistes dans la mesure où elles garantissent l’exclusivisme des droits religieux dès qu’un mariage religieux est en cause. C’est la raison pour laquelle les règles du droit international privé du mariage oscillent entre libéralisme et impérialisme et révèlent ainsi le paradoxe du système matrimonial libanais. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser en profondeur les termes de ce paradoxe dans toutes ses nuances. Elle se penche sur les domaines respectifs des droits civils et religieux en matière de mariage pour examiner comment ces droits s’articulent entre eux. Elle tente aussi de mener une réflexion sur les solutions de substitution au système actuel dans le but d’améliorer la législation sur le mariage au Liban
In the Lebanese pluralist legal system marriage and personal status matters fall exclusively within the competence of the eighteen religious communities which have real power of jurisdiction and legislation in this area. However, the legislator allowed the Lebanese to escape the religious laws applicable locally by celebrating a civil marriage abroad. This marriage is recognized in Lebanon and is subject in full to the foreign civil law chosen indirectly by the parties. That is the liberalism of private international law for marriage which assigns an important role to the spouses’ autonomy and freedom of choice. Yet this liberalism is not unconditional and takes no effect unless the parties have not concluded a religious marriage. Private International laws become even imperialistic when they ensure the exclusive application of religious laws each time a religious marriage takes place. This is the reason why private international laws of marriage oscillate between liberalism and imperialism, and thus reveal the paradox of the Lebanese matrimonial system. This thesis is an in depth study of the terms of this paradox in all its nuances and it aims to determine respectively the competence area of civil and religious laws to better understand how they articulate with each other in marriage conflicts. Also, it examines alternative solutions to the actual system in order to improve the regulations that are applicable to marriage in Lebanon
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NOVÁKOVÁ, Petra. « Transatlantická dohoda o obchodu a investicích (TTIP) - proces vyjednávání a schvalování v EU ». Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-252070.

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Master´s thesis describes types of the international contracts of EU and its process of negotiation and approval in the EU and in The Czech republic. As an example was chosen The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP).
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Cunha, Miguel Maria Tavares Festas Gorjão-Henriques da. « Atribuição e harmonização na União Europeia : a (difícil) construção normativo-jurisprudencial do mercado interno dos medicamentos de uso humano ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/90712.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Direito, na especialidade de Ciências Jurídico-Comparatísticas, apresentada na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra
Desde a criação da Comunidade Económica Europeia – com o Tratado de Roma de 25 de Março de 1957 – e, em concreto, a partir da Directiva 65/65/CEE, que a (actual) União Europeia (que sucedeu àquela Comunidade, ainda que redenominada em 1993, com o Tratado de Lisboa), que o direito da actual União Europeia se vem ocupando dos medicamentos de uso humano. Nestes quase 50 anos, as atribuições da UE mudaram drasticamente e o objecto e limites da harmonização normativa do direito dos medicamentos de uso humano pela UE sofreram alterações significativas. O princípio da atribuição implica uma permanente actualização dos limites desta normação, com as sucessivas revisões dos Tratados, nomeadamente com a afirmação de uma atribuição da UE em matéria de saúde pública e os esforços de intervenção em sede de propriedade industrial. O novo modelo de repartição vertical de competências entre a União e os Estados membros, consagrado com o Tratado de Lisboa, com a introdução dos catálogos de competências da União (exclusiva, partilhada, complementar, etc), associado à afirmação de novos princípios como o princípio da preempção, são sinónimos de uma progressiva captura do processo normativo e do processo institucional pela União Europeia e as suas instituições. A presente dissertação analisa os termos que marcam a intervenção da CEE/CE/UE em matéria de medicamentos de uso humano e as perplexidades existentes na relação entre os princípios fundamentais e a compreensão prática dos princípios e mudanças que as sucessivas alterações dos Tratados devem implicar.
Since the creation of the European Economic Community - with the Treaty of Rome of March 25, 1957 - and, specifically, from Directive 65/65 / EEC, the (now) European Union (the successor to that Community since the Lisbon Treaty, albeit renamed in 1993), the European Union law has occupied itself with the regulation of medicines for human use. In these almost 50 years, the missions of the EU have changed dramatically and the object and limits of normative harmonization of the medicines for human use law by the EU have undergone significant changes. The principle of conferral implies a permanent updating of the limits of this normative intervention, with successive revisions of the Treaties, in particular with the prevision of competences in the areas of public health and industrial property. The new model of vertical division of competences between the Union and the Member States enshrined in the Lisbon Treaty, with the introduction of the catalogs of Union competences (exclusive, shared, complementary, etc.) associated with the statement of new principles such as the principle of preemption, are synonymous of a progressive capture of the regulatory process and the institutional process by the European Union and its institutions. This dissertation analyzes the terms that mark the intervention of EEC / EC / EU medicinal products for human use legislation and the existing perplexities in the relationship between the fundamental principles and practical understanding of these principles and the changes that successive treaty changes should entail
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Livres sur le sujet "Exclusive and shared competences"

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Puebla-Smith, Josephine. The principle of subsidiarity and the scope of Article 30 EC : The division of competences and the free movement of goods in the EC. [Stockholm] : Institutet för europeisk rätt vid Stockholms universitet, 1996.

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Craig, Paul, et Gráinne de Búrca. 3. Competence. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0003.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. The existence and scope of EU competence are outlined in the Lisbon Treaty: the EU may have exclusive competence, shared competence, or competence only to take supporting, coordinating, or supplementary action. This chapter examines these three principal categories of EU competence, and their implications for the divide between EU and Member State power. It also considers certain areas of EU competence that do not fall within these categories, and the extent to which the new regime clarifies the scope of EU competence and contains EU power.
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Vedder, Christoph, Stefan Lorenzmeier et Roman Petrov. EU External Relations Law : Shared Competences and Shared Values in Agreements Between the EU and Its Eastern Neighbourhood. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.

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Vedder, Christoph, Stefan Lorenzmeier et Roman Petrov. EU External Relations Law : Shared Competences and Shared Values in Agreements Between the EU and Its Eastern Neighbourhood. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Hartley, Christie. Exclusive Public Reason. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683023.003.0004.

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This chapter develops the idea of public reason based on the shared reasons account of public justification. It is argued that the moral foundation for political liberalism delimits a narrow scope for the idea of public reason, such that public reasons are required only for matters of constitutional essentials and basic justice. It is also argued that where public reason applies, persons as citizens have a moral duty to never appeal to their comprehensive doctrines when engaging in public reasoning. Hence, an exclusive account of public reason is vindicated. Finally, we respond to various potential objections to our view, such as the claim that the shared reasons view requires identical reasoning and the claim that public reason is interderminate or inconclusive.
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Schmidt, Susanne K. Reaching Beyond the Market into State Responsibilities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717775.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 addresses policies that are more sensitive to sovereignty. The Citizenship Directive and the Patient Mobility Directive were both highly influenced by case-law development, although member states have largely reserved the right to define citizenship and the shape of their welfare states. The Court, however, consistently holds that member states have to respect the four freedoms also in areas of exclusive competence. Neither did existing secondary law inhibit the Court from partly designing an alternative policy. Regulation through case law is susceptible to creating inequalities, as it is difficult for private actors to understand. By codifying case law, member states wanted to signal their preferences to the Court. However, existing case law does not guarantee the necessary majorities for a common policy. Corporate tax policy is an example of an area where there is a lack of agreement in the face of a great deal of case law.
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Stirn, Bernard. The European Legal Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198789505.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 shows that the confluence of the law of the European Union and of the European Convention on Human Rights is a European legal order worthy of the name. It outlines the law of the European Union after the Lisbon Treaty, setting out its principles and the ways in which competences are shared in the EU post Lisbon, between the European Council, the Council, the Commission, the European Parliament, and the Court of Justice of the European Union. The chapter further sets out the outline of the system of rules of the European Union. Then the chapter turns to the characteristics of what has been termed a Europe of human rights, and how the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), in conjunction with domestic courts, police the law of the European Convention on Human Rights. Finally, the chapter brings together the law of the European Union and the ECHR.
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Hogh-Olesen, Henrik. The Human Peacock. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927929.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 focuses on the human need for embellishment and artistic expression through song, dance, and music. Why do we do these things? Is it due to sexually selected behavioral traits, whereby those who stand out and flaunt their special qualities are selected as partners and thus further their genetic heritage because the artistic energy they exhibit is reliable evidence of fitness, which lets the world know that these are good, strong genes exactly like the peacock’s tail? Or is it, rather, that we must understand these exertions through their collective value as social markers that unite us and inform the world that we are dealing with a close-knit group united by a shared mind-set? None of these functions need be mutually exclusive.
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Idema, Wilt. Elite versus Popular Literature. Sous la direction de Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li et Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.17.

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Ever since the May Fourth Movement of the 1920s, scholars of Chinese literary history have deployed a distinction between elite literature and popular literature, claiming that the “dead” elite literature was only revitalized by its constant borrowings from the language, subjects, and forms of popular literature. This chapter questions this simplistic binary, which depends on the exclusive identification of “the popular” with the vernacular and oral transmission, problematic propositions in both cases. It argues that the oral literature of the first millennium bce and the first millennium is irretrievably lost. Before the emergence of a mature print culture, sharp distinctions between elite and popular culture are hard to draw, and in China, the vernacular was not a different language but at the most a different register within a shared literary culture.
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Grossman, Julie. Women and Film Noir. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038594.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the relationship between classic noir and female-authored pulp fiction. Linking noir with its female-authored source material will help reorient gender associations with film noir so that male experience is not its exclusive focus. Moreover, such linkage renders the shared concerns of film noir and melodrama more evident and interprets the relationship between gender and genre more as a dialogue, less as an opportunity to rank texts in terms of an evaluation-laden hierarchy. The chapter then looks at 1940s novels written by women that were brought to the screens as “film noirs.” These works exemplify the nonschematic presence of gender issues in noir and the continuities between the treatment of gender in the genre and the exploration of gender in the source novels.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Exclusive and shared competences"

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Lorenzmeier, Stefan. « Exclusive and Shared External Competences After the Singapore Opinion of the European Court of Justice : 2/15 Revisited ». Dans EU External Relations Law, 33–48. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62859-8_3.

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Maranghi, Elena. « From a Community of Practice to a Community of Planning : The Case of the Sansheroes Network in the San Siro Neighbourhood in Milan ». Dans The Urban Book Series, 127–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19748-2_9.

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AbstractIn the current framework of welfare shrinking, it is highly necessary to transform citizens and local organizations from targets into co-producers of urban policies. Moreover, even though large-scale social housing estates are often characterized by social exclusion and high levels of socio-economic vulnerabilities, they at the same time represent ‘local tanks’ of competencies and social resources. In these regards, the ‘empowering planning’ approach—referring to the valourization of local competences and expertise within urban regeneration processes—has positive impacts, both in terms of socio-economic inclusion and the ‘expansion’ of active citizenship among local actors and in terms of designing more effective policies, enriched by local perspectives and know-how. Based on the analysis of a pilot action developed within the SoHoLab project in the San Siro neighbourhood that fostered the empowerment of a local grassroots network, the chapter examines processes of recognition and reinforcement and the promotion of local competencies, outlining their different phases and the characteristics of the groups involved. It will highlight the transition from a community of practice to a community of planning that is able to develop visions and actions aimed at a shared regeneration of a certain area.
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Eeckhout, Piet. « Exclusive External Competences : Constructing the EU as an International Actor ». Dans The Court of Justice and the Construction of Europe : Analyses and Perspectives on Sixty Years of Case-law - La Cour de Justice et la Construction de l'Europe : Analyses et Perspectives de Soixante Ans de Jurisprudence, 613–36. The Hague, The Netherlands : T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-897-2_33.

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Lorenzmeier, Stefan, Roman Petrov et Christoph Vedder. « Introduction : EU External Relations Law—Shared Competences and Shared Values in Agreements with the EU and Its Eastern Neighbourhood ». Dans EU External Relations Law, 1–8. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62859-8_1.

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Williams, Allan M. « Human mobility and tourism development : a complex knot of enfolded mobilities. » Dans Tourism in development : reflective essays, 209–17. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242812.0018.

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Abstract This chapter advances two main arguments: first, that tourism and migration are strongly inter-related, and that this is due to both their shared structural determinants (for example, transport infrastructures) in the form of scapes, and to the enfolded nature of mobility. That is, individual mobilities are enfolded over time, with earlier migration experiences influencing later patterns of tourism and vice versa. Second, it is argued that there are two main economic development outcomes of the migration-tourism nexus. The first is seen in the roles of individuals as consumers, that is, as tourists. Tourism expenditures convert into income and jobs so that migration flows have long-term implications for future tourism expenditure patterns. And secondly, migration plays an important role in the territorial redistribution of resources; migrants are bearers of knowledge, skills, competences and capital.
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Wang, Duo, Zhiyuan Sun et Yuxuan Xing. « Understanding the Performance of Exclusive Bus Lane Shared with Carpooling Mode Based on MNL-PSCL Multi-modal Stochastic Equilibrium Model ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 648–59. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2259-6_58.

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Kersh, Natasha, Hanna Toiviainen, George K. Zarifis et Pirkko Pitkänen. « Active Citizenship, Lifelong Learning and Inclusion : Introduction to Concepts and Contexts ». Dans Young Adults and Active Citizenship, 1–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65002-5_1.

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AbstractThis chapter provides insight into the rationale, background and key concepts of the book and will discuss relevant theoretical considerations, contexts and discourses. The complexity surrounding the conceptual understanding of active citizenship, adult education and vulnerability will be considered, and approaches towards achieving a shared understanding of the nature of adult education and lifelong learning will be addressed within this chapter. In this book, the concept of active citizenship is used as a conceptual lens to understand the role of adult education in including young adults in active social, political and economic participation and engagement. The findings indicate that the social, economic and political dimensions of active citizenship, encompassing the development of social competences, labour market skills as well as civic and political participation, have been related to various educational initiatives (programmes) to engage young adults in active participation. The chapter will open the discussion of the cross-national complexity and interdependencies between adult education, social inclusion and active participatory citizenship, which underpin the dialogue offered in the seven contributions within this book.
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Djordjević, Ljubica. « Non-Territorial Autonomy and Minority Rights : Impact of the Self-Governing National Communities on Minority Protection in Slovenia ». Dans Realising Linguistic, Cultural and Educational Rights Through Non-Territorial Autonomy, 139–53. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19856-4_10.

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AbstractSlovenia’s highly developed system of national minority protection has several distinctive features, one of which is the existence of self-governing national communities (SGNCs) for the Italian and Hungarian communities. The model combines personal and territorial elements in an interesting way: self-governing communities can only be established on ‘ethnically mixed territories’, but they are elected solely by persons registered as belonging to the respective community. There is also a second tier: regional SGNCs, with indirectly elected members representing local SGNCs. Most of their competences (on both levels) fall under the category of ‘shared rule’, i.e. they participate in managing institutions (schools, for instance) or in decision-making by providing consent or opinion, while no state powers (for example, in education or culture) are entirely delegated to these bodies.The SGNCs are deeply entrenched in the Slovenian system of minority protection, but are often taken for granted and are rarely assessed with regard to their real impact. There is no systematic monitoring of their performance, and evidence-tracking of their work is scarce and scattered. Against this background, this paper is based on an analysis of the implementation monitoring of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) in Slovenia, and focuses on the issues pertinent to the SGNCs that have appeared in the monitoring so far. The general finding is that, while the institutional position and the formal role of the SGNCs have been acknowledged, their concrete contribution and impact on the implementation of minority rights as indirectly stipulated in the FCNM have been addressed in a rather superficial way. Nevertheless, the monitoring documents offer a valuable insight into the issues pertinent to the functioning of the SGNCs that have attracted attention in almost 25 years of monitoring practice. This paper offers a brief overview of the most striking issues relevant to the functioning of the SGNCs and the implementation of minority rights, as documented in the FCNM monitoring.
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Schütze, Robert. « 3. Union Competences ». Dans An Introduction to European Law, 61–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198858942.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the scope and nature of the European Union's legislative competences. Based on the principle of conferral, the EU must act within the scope of competences conferred upon it by the Member States. Three legal developments have significantly undermined the principle of conferral in the past. First, there has been a rise of teleological interpretation. The EU's competences are here interpreted in such a way that they potentially ‘spill over’ into other policy areas. The second development is the rise of the EU's general competences. The EU enjoys two very general legislative competences that horizontally cut across the various policy titles within the EU Treaties: Articles 114 and 352 TFEU, which concern internal market competence and residual competence, respectively. The third development is the doctrine of implied external powers. The chapter then studies the different categories of EU competences: exclusive, shared, coordinating, and complementary.
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Klamert, Marcus. « Article 2 TFEU ». Dans The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.73.

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Paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 5 of Article 2 TFEU define three categories of competence, namely, exclusive, shared, and supporting (or coordinating) competence, further set out, respectively, in Article 3 TFEU (exclusive), Article 4 TFEU (shared), and Articles 5 and 6 TFEU (supporting/coordinating). Paragraph 4 of Article 2 TFEU mentions the CFSP, an area that is not further set out in this part of the Treaty and which does not fall within the categories defined in Article 2 TFEU. According to Article 2(6) TFEU, the scope of and arrangements for exercising the Union’s competences are to be determined by the provisions of the Treaties relating to each area.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Exclusive and shared competences"

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Al Rawahi, Ahmed Salim, Kevin Lee, Jon Robinson et Ahmad Lotfi. « Enabling Exclusive Shared Access to Cloud of Things Resources ». Dans PODC '18 : ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3229774.3229779.

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Meng, Xiaolin, Gangyong Jia, Jian Wan et Jilin Zhang. « Pseudo Share : Bring Shared to Exclusive for Main Memory in Multi-core Systems ». Dans 2014 IEEE 17th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering (CSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cse.2014.347.

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Cai, Lei, et Jun Chen. « Model of Pedestrian Delay Differences between Exclusive Pedestrian Phase and Car-Shared Pedestrian Phase ». Dans Fourth International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA : American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413159.315.

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Zlatić, Lidija, et Dragana Bjekić. « Preduzetničke i komunikacione kompetencije : isprepletanost dva konstrukta ». Dans Nauka, nastava, učenje u izmenjenom društvenom kontekstu. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Education in Uzice, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/nnu21.263z.

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In the competence framework of the EU's educational policy, entrepreneurial and communication competences have a special place in the development of modern and functional citizenship, and they overlap to a great extent. The paper approaches entrepreneurial competences as transversal competences applicable in all areas of life – a system of competences transferred to different areas of activity. Communication competence is an expected outcome at all levels of education, and the paper highlights key communication competences that are relevant for entrepreneurial behavior as well. In addition to openness, flexibility, and other traits and competences shared by both systems of competences, the paper also underlines the common aspect of communication and entrepreneurial competence – situational awareness that represents the first step in improving communication, whereas entrepreneurial awareness guides adequate decision-making in entrepreneurship. This connection between communication and entrepreneurial competence directs teachers to implement teaching procedures to develop communication competences that, at the same time, contribute to the development of entrepreneurial competence.
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Laban, S., J. Ezic, L. Bichmann, D. Engelhardt, HA Kestler, A. von Witzleben, J. Thomas et al. « Tumor-exclusive peptides from shared and individual antigens in the HLA-ligandome of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma ». Dans 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC : WO KOMMEN WIR HER ? WO STEHEN WIR ? WO GEHEN WIR HIN ? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727968.

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Friesel, Anna, Anthony Ward, Tatjana Welzer, Marian Poboroniuc et Zbigniew Mrozek. « Building a shared understanding of the skills and competences in order to respond to the current global technical challenges ». Dans 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2014.6826166.

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Valor, Margarita Valor, Marina Puyuelo Cazorla, Elisa March Leuba, Javier Aparisi Torrijo, Bélgica Pacheco Blanco, Chele Esteve Sendra et Ernesto Julià Sanchís. « Rubrics as a tool to coordinate assessment and progress in different design workshops of the degree in Industrial Design Engineering and Product Development ». Dans INNODOCT 2018. València : Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8817.

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The changes provided by the EEES constitute a challenge and an opportunity to introduce methods and improvements in technical careers. The assessment of this scenario has an important and strategic role, which requires paying more attention to the competency evaluation. This paper describes the method and the collaborative task carried out to develop the rubrics for the three-year Workshop Project in the framework of the undergraduate Bachelor’s Degree in Industrial Design Engineering and Product Development. The purpose of this was to overcome challenges while assessing design projects in different workshops and by different professors. The team predicted that these rubrics would have a significant effect on the students’ outcomes and their performance on various tasks. The implementation of the rubrics on the different levels is expected to sustain interesting possibilities to compare not only the results in different courses but the actual progress. The stages of the process of making these rubrics are presented in relation to the specific, general and shared competences of each of the 3 workshops. The rubrics, that will be published online, are related to the assessment of the results obtained and the competences. Rubrics may not only boost academic performance and reduce failure, but improve the quality of the projects as well.
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Colibaba, Anca cristina, Irina Gheorghiu, Claudia elena Dinu, Cristian Arhip et Rodica Gardikiotis. « THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS : USING E-NATURE AND XENO-TOLERANCE PROJECT MATERIALS IN CLIL AND E-LEARNING PROGRAMMES ». Dans eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-212.

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The article is based on two European projects: E-nature (2015-1-IT02-KA201-015133) and Xeno-tolerance (2015-1-FR01-KA202-015143), which are being implemented by EuroEd Foundation Iasi, Romania. The ideas behind the projects stem from the challenges that the European educational context is facing at present and from current educational needs: students’ lack of motivation when studying science and teachers’ lack of educational materials and techniques related to diversity and inclusive learning. The projects stimulate cooperation across Europe in order to promote scientific and civic knowledge and competences in school education. The materials, created by teachers from shared knowledge and experiences and relying on direct sources (photos, videos, stories or drawings in digital format) aim at making scientific and civic education more effective, involving and appealing. These materials can be used in CLIL and e-learning programmes, where students develop and use not only their knowledge and understanding of social or natural phenomena but also their language and IT competences. The CLIL and e-learning programmes can be sources of inspiration and imagination for teachers whose main goal is to engage students in attractive and meaningful activities while using the language purposefully. The article gives insights into the way the CLIL programmes supported by IT have enabled students to process information, negotiate meaning, and share knowledge even when their levels of the target language were heterogeneous.
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Artifice, Andreia, Fernando Luis-Ferreira, João Sarraipa et Ricardo Jardim-Goncalves. « Computational Model for Knowledge Transfer Skills in Industry 4.0 in an Enhanced and Effective Way ». Dans ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11393.

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Abstract The current swift pace of development is a reality that is crossing many domains in society demanding specific measures to cope with such scale of development. In the new paradigm of Industry 4.0, new competences and professional skills are needed in the most diverse quadrants of society. The importance of adequately adapt the societal systems and to promote the adequate skills is worth as much as the value we give to present and future generations. Among demanding challenges arising from this changing reality, the transfer of knowledge from academia to industry is probably the most demanding. This reality is present across diverse countries and continents and for that, pilot deployments and lessons learned should be documented and shared to promote better and effective skill development. In this context, the SHYFTE project is establishing a computational model for knowledge transfer skills in industry 4.0.
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Xing, Yuying, Guoxian Yu, Jun Wang, Carlotta Domeniconi et Xiangliang Zhang. « Weakly-Supervised Multi-view Multi-instance Multi-label Learning ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/432.

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Multi-view, Multi-instance, and Multi-label Learning (M3L) can model complex objects (bags), which are represented with different feature views, made of diverse instances, and annotated with discrete non-exclusive labels. Existing M3L approaches assume a complete correspondence between bags and views, and also assume a complete annotation for training. However, in practice, neither the correspondence between bags, nor the bags' annotations are complete. To tackle such a weakly-supervised M3L task, a solution called WSM3L is introduced. WSM3L adapts multimodal dictionary learning to learn a shared dictionary (representational space) across views and individual encoding vectors of bags for each view. The label similarity and feature similarity of encoded bags are jointly used to match bags across views. In addition, it replenishes the annotations of a bag based on the annotations of its neighborhood bags, and introduces a dispatch and aggregation term to dispatch bag-level annotations to instances and to reversely aggregate instance-level annotations to bags. WSM3L unifies these objectives and processes in a joint objective function to predict the instance-level and bag-level annotations in a coordinated fashion, and it further introduces an alternative solution for the objective function optimization. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness of WSM3L on benchmark datasets.
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