Thèses : « Excavations (archaeology) – europe, northern »

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Matkovic, Iva. « Roman settlement of Northern Bruttium : 200 B.C.-A.D. 300 / ». *McMaster only, 2001.

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Nagy, Murielle Ida. « Caribou exploitation at the Trail River site, northern Yukon ». [Whitehorse] : Yukon, Heritage Branch, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22388292.html.

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Dasovich, Steve J. « An analysis and critique of stone circle research in the Northern Plains : the view from South Dakota / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9904839.

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Gotthardt, R. M. « The archaeological sequence in the northern cordillera a consideration of typology and traditions / ». [Whitehorse] : Yukon, Heritage Branch, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22388276.html.

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Braithwaite, Gillian. « Faces from the past : a study of Roman face pots from Italy and the western provinces of the Roman Empire / ». Oxford : Archaeopress, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0715/2007408620.html.

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Klevnäs, Alison Margaret. « Whodunnit ? : grave-robbery in early medieval northern and western Europe ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/236124.

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This thesis brings together all that is currently known of early medieval grave reopening in northern and western Europe. It investigates in detail an intensive outbreak of grave-robbery in 6th-7th century Kent. This is closely related to the same phenomenon in Merovingia: an example of the import of not only material goods but also a distinctive cultural practice. Limited numbers of similar robbing episodes, affecting a much smaller proportion of graves in each cemetery, are also identified elsewhere in Anglo-Saxon England. Although the phenomenon of grave-robbery is well-attested in Merovingia, this research is the first study at a regional level. The aim is to advance the debate about early medieval robbery from general discussion of interpretative possibilities to evaluation of specific models and their compatibility with the archaeological evidence. The conclusions have significant implications for the interpretation of grave-robbery across early medieval Europe. In Kent robbing is at a level that must be considered in any discussion of cemetery evidence. The poor publication record has inhibited recognition and analysis of robbing in the county. However, by using extensive archive material, this thesis has shown that the practice of ransacking graves was on a similar scale in East Kent as in Merovingia. This research identifies over 200 reopened graves across Kent, with at least 15 sites affected. At the most intensely robbed sites, an average of over 20% of burials were disturbed. Robbing is likely to have had a significant impact on artefact finds, especially from the late 6th century onwards. Grave-robbery opens a window onto the wider meanings and values of grave-good types within the early medieval period. The analysis in this thesis demonstrates that the main motive for reopening was the removal of grave goods. However, straightforward personal enrichment was not the goal. A deliberate, consistent selection of certain grave-good types were taken from burials, while other apparently covetable possessions were left behind. The desired grave-goods were removed even when in an unusable condition. It is argued that the selection of goods for removal was related to their symbolic roles in the initial burial rite. Their taking was intended to harm living descendants by damaging the prestige and strength of the dead. In addition to the robbed graves, there is a small number of graves spread across the sites which were reopened for bodily mutilation or rearrangement of skeletal parts. These closely resemble the better known deviant burial rites which were applied to certain corpses at the time of initial burial and are interpreted as a reaction to fear of revenants. In modern Britain burial is a finite and final process: the definitive disposal of a dead body. The archaeological and ethnographic records contain many examples of more complex series of events to enable the dead to move on from the living. The material remains of such processes can be seen in revisited and reopened graves, and in myriad manipulations of human bodies. This case study is a detailed, contextualised investigation of the after-history of burial monuments focused on the early Middle Ages.

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Wolff, Christopher B. « A study of the evolution of Maritime Archaic households in northern Labrador ». Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3336811.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.
Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 16, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: A. Advisers: David Meltzer; Torben Rick. Includes bibliographical references.

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Haug, Annette. « Die Stadt als Lebensraum : eine kulturhistorische Analyse zum spätantiken Stadtleben in Norditalien / ». Radhen/Westfalen : M. Leidorf, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39276201r.

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Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fakultät für Orientalistik und Altertumswissenschaften--Heidelberg--Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, 2003. Texte remanié de: Th. univ.--École doctorale Histoire de l'art et archéologie--Paris--Université Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), 2003.
Bibliogr. p. [490]-544. Index. Résumé en français et en anglais.

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Gillespie, Danny Ambrose. « Imarlkba, historical archaeology and a fossicking economy site in the top end of the Northern Territory ». Master's thesis, University of New England, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/272421.

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Despite almost two decades of field research, historical archaeology in Australia continues to lack a unified theoretical purpose. Thepredominantly descriptive approach which has characterised much recent Australian work could be profitably replaced by an approach which is both archaeological and anthropological and which makes use of data from documentary and, where available, oral sources in addition to archaeological evidence. Such an approach will achieve maximum usefulness in historical sites which are artefacts of early Aboriginal/European interaction. In the present study documentary, oral and archaeological research in the form of surface collection and mapping are combined at Imarlkba, a site produced by a period of European/Aboriginal interaction characterised by the term'fossickingeconomy'. Explanations for site formation processes and their locations are proposed through models derived from all three data sources, concentrating on an apparent dual system of garbage disposal, preferential removal of material from the site by Europeans and Abori ginals and the distribution of artefacts such as wire twitches and coppiced trees. This brief study is dedicated to those participants in the fossicking economy, men and women, black and white, who contributed to Imarlkba's site formation processes.

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Curewitz, Diane Contente. « Changes in northern Rio Grande ceramic production and exchange, late coalition through classic (A.D. 1250-1600) ». Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/d_curewitz_112508.pdf.

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Foreman, Christine, et University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. « Besant beginnings at the Fincastle site : a late middle prehistoric comparative study on the northern plains ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Geography, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3066.

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The Fincastle Bison Kill Site (DlOx-5), located approximately 100 km east of Lethbridge, Alberta, has been radiocarbon dated to 2 500 BP. Excavations at the site yielded an extensive assemblage of lithics and faunal remains, and several unique features. The elongated point forms, along with the bone upright features, appeared similar to those found at Sonota sites within the Dakota region that dated between 1 950 BP and 1 350 BP. The relatively early date of the Fincastle Site prompted a re-investigation into the origins of the Besant Culture. The features, faunal and lithic assemblages from twenty-three Late Middle Prehistoric sites in Southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana, Wyoming, and the Dakotas were analyzed and compared. The findings show that Fincastle represents an early component of the Besant Culture referred to as the Outlook Complex. This analysis also suggests a possible Middle Missouri origin of the Fincastle hunters, as well as the entire Besant Culture.
xii, 183 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 29 cm

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Redmond, Angela Z. « Viking burial in the North of England : a study of contact, interaction and reaction between Scandinavian migrants with resident groups, and the effect of immigration on aspects of cultural continuity / ». Oxford : Hedges, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz263310663inh.pdf.

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Losey, Robert J. « Communities and catastrophe : Tillamook response to the AD 1700 earthquake and tsunami, northern Oregon coast / ». view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072597.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 605-636). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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LaMotta, Vincent Michael. « Zooarchaeology and chronology of Homol'ovi I and other Pueblo IV period sites in the central Little Colorado River Valley, northern Arizona ». Diss., Tucson, Ariz. : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1597%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Bergerbrant, Sophie. « Bronze Age Identities : Costume, Conflict and Contact in Northern Europe 1600-1300 BC ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antikens kultur, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6772.

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This dissertation deals with male and female social identities during the Middle Bronze Age (1600-1300 BC) in southern Scandinavia and northern Germany. South Scandinavian Bronze Age research has traditionally focused on the male sphere, while women have seldom been seriously considered or analysed in terms of their roles, power or influences on society. This study addresses the imbalance through discussing the evidence for gender relations, social structures and identity. The topic will be approached using case studies from different areas of northern Europe and from a variety of angles (e.g. costume and appearance, age, violence, long distance contacts), always drawing on the rich material from burials. How people presented themselves varied not only between different areas, but also over time. Groups that treated material culture in a fairly similar way during Period IB (c. 1600-1500 BC) start treating it in different ways during Period II (c. 1500-1300 BC). In southern Scandinavia during Period II the material culture is fairly similar on the whole, but the different geographical groups use the artefacts in different ways. The level of violence seems to have fluctuated in the area during the Middle Bronze Age, with some areas showing more signs of violence at certain times. On the other hand the view on ageing seems to have been fairly similar over a large part of central and northern Europe, and from age 14 one seems to have been regarded as an adult. The dissertation also shows that long distance contacts were important and wide-ranging, and people seem to have moved across large areas of Europe, even if the visible exogamous marriage pattern seems to have decreased in distance from Period IB to Period II. In conclusion, although there seems to have been a general European pattern concerning e.g. the view on age, the archaeological record reveals many local variations in how this was expressed, e.g. on the body.

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Fischer, Svante. « Roman Imperialism and Runic Literacy : The Westernization of Northern Europe (150-800 AD) ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6271.

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Pyburn, Karen Anne, et Karen Anne Pyburn. « The settlement of Nohmul : Development of a prehispanic Maya community in northern Belize ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184624.

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The study of prehistoric Maya settlements has been hampered by simplistic views of cultural ecology, over generalized ethnographic analogy, and a lack of attention to both natural and cultural site formation processes. As a result, Mayanists have tended to expect very little variety in archaeological features and have assumed cultural uniformity over wide ranges of time and space. Traditional research designs support these assumptions. Current knowledge of Maya social organization suggests that more structural variety may occur in Maya archaeological sites than is ordinarily discovered. Some of this variation is evidenced by features not currently visible on the ground-surface. The Nohmul Settlement pattern project employed a "purposive" sampling design to search for settlement variation over time and space. Several assumptions about surface-subsurface relationships were tested. Surface indications were not found to outline subsurface variety. Excavating at intervals from site center in both visible and "invisible" features, showed that the Nohmul community was affected by both centralizing and decentralizing influences and grouped into residential clusters resembling neighborhoods. The degree of centralization and the location of the clusters, as well as some of their characteristics, changed notably over Nohmul's 2500 year occupation.

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Hogg, Lara. « Humans and animals in the Norse North Atlantic ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/89412/.

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It is a well-established fact that all human societies have coexisted with and are dependent upon animals and it is increasingly recognized that the study of human-animal relationships provides vital insights into past human societies. Still this is yet to be widely embraced in archaeology. This thesis has examined human-animal interdependencies to explore the social identities and structure of society in the Norse North Atlantic. Benefitting from recent research advances in animal studies and the ever increasing volume of archaeological reports from Norse period archaeological excavations the North Atlantic this thesis was able to develop previous scholarship and define directions for future research. The thesis explored the role of animals in human society in the North Atlantic to reveal the complex Norse societies that existed. It revealed through human interdependencies with animals that these societies were far from homogeneous and had their own distinct identities with the individual islands as well as across the North Atlantic. The thesis achieved this by examining several important discrete but interlinked themes. These themes were divided into four chapters that focused on the individual aspects. This included an examination of previous North Atlantic Viking Age scholarship, consideration of human construction and perception of landscape through archaeological excavations, investigation of the role of domestic animals in human social activities, and an exploration of the role of domesticated animals in beliefs. Although these are all connected the structure of the thesis was deliberately chosen to restrict repetition, although given the interconnected nature of human social identities, society and worldview this was not entirely possible. This thesis addressed some of the most fundamental questions in Norse archaeology. Notably, through examination of human-animal interdependencies, it provided a detailed insight into how Norse society understood and perceived the world, and consequently the structure of Norse society and social identities.

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Thacker, Mark Anthony. « Constructing lordship in North Atlantic Europe : the archaeology of masonry mortars in the medieval and later buildings of the Scottish North Atlantic ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23412.

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This thesis investigates the archaeological potential of masonry mortars throughout North Atlantic Europe, with a particular focus on the buildings and environments of medieval northern and western Scotland. The results of an extensive non-intrusive survey of medieval and later buildings are presented, within which nine multiphase sites were subject to more comprehensive building, environment and materials analysis. The survey suggests that, in general, different mortar-making techniques had well-defined sub-regional distributions which are not simply a correlate of environmental availability, but developed in different ways over time. Moreover, all of the more comprehensively studied buildings contain evidence of striking material contrasts from phases to phase which has great potential in standing building analysis. Material contrasts in masonry evidence between building phases, between neighbouring buildings, between specific buildings and the regional corpus, and between the regions themselves, are then considered as evidence of changing cultural, chronological and environmental context. The relationship between secular and ecclesiastical buildings across the region is a particular concern. Qualitative lab-based and on-site material interpretations made throughout the thesis are supported by a programme of comparative experimentation. This thesis includes the first comprehensive investigation of lime mortars made from marine shells, the first evidence of lime mortars made from coralline algae, results from the first programme of dating medieval buildings in Scotland through radiocarbon analysis of relict mortar fuel, and microstructural analysis of a large range of medieval mortars from Norway to the Isle of Man. Wider research considers the initial emergence of mortared masonry in North Atlantic Europe and the relationship between clay and lime mortars. Ultimately, by placing the upstanding buildings archaeology at the centre of the medieval and later landscape this thesis will demonstrate that masonry mortars have significant potential to inform our understanding of the cultural and environmental context of lordship construction in the North Atlantic, providing a new focus for further interdisciplinary discourse.

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Pwiti, Gilbert. « Continuity and change an archaeological study of farming communities in northern Zimbabwe, AD 500-1700 / ». Uppsala : Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35371109.html.

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Slack, Michael Jon. « Between the desert and the Gulf : evolutionary anthropology and Aboriginal prehistory in the Riversleigh/Lawn Hill region, Northern Australia ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2748.

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O'Bannon, Colin Andrew. « “Innumerabyll Shotying of Gunnys and Long Chasyng One Another:” Heavy Artillery and Changes in Shipbuilding in Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1323121842.

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Reinhold, Linn. « Slaget vid Tollense : Professionella krigare i bronsålderns Nordeuropa ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79877.

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Abstract 3200 years ago a massive battle took place at the river Tollense in MecklenburgVorpommern, Germany, possibly involving thousands of people. 130 victims have been found so far. Several show signs of former violence. Axes, wooden clubs, knives and a vast number of arrowheads have been found among the human skeletal remains. According to isotope analyses on tooth enamel from human remains at the site, a considerable amount of the victims did not originate from the local area. The isotope analyses divided the victims into two major groups, one local and the other probably originating from Central Europe. In other words, the battlefield of the Tollense were not fought by local farmers and craftsmen. This, together with the extent of the battle, the weapon finds and traumata on the human remains, has led archaeologists to assume that the battle was fought by professional warriors. If this is true, the battlefield of the Tollense would be the first of its kind in the Northern European Bronze Age. Sammanfattning Uppsatsen diskuterar omfattningen och karaktären av slaget vid floden Tollense som utspelade sig för 3200 år sedan i vad som idag är Nordtyskland. Slagfältet har uppmärksammats för att vara den första konflikten med professionella krigare i bronsålderns Nordeuropa. Tidigare forskning om ämnet saknar en konsekvent definition av begreppet professionell krigare. För att avgöra om det var professionella krigare som stred vid Tollense definierar uppsatsen begreppet utifrån teoretiska perspektiv såsom antropologiska klassifikationer av hövdingadömen, krigare och soldater, men också genom att belysa kontaktnätverken och den långväga handel som växte fram under bronsåldern. Omfattningen och karaktären av slaget vid Tollense beskrivs utifrån hur många människor som deltog på slagfältet samt vilka arkeologiska fynd som talar för huruvida de var professionella krigare och inte lokala bönder och hantverkare som drabbade samman. Uppsatsen är en klassisk litteraturstudie. Utgrävningarna vid Tollense pågår i skrivande stund, vilket innebär att det inte finns någon slutpublikation med färdigställda resultat. För att besvara frågeställningarna om antalet deltagare i konflikten samt huruvida de var professionella krigare eller inte, redogör uppsatsen för analyser av de mänskliga kvarlevorna som återfunnits vid Tollense och vapnen som användes på slagfältet. Avslutningsvis ger uppsatsen en personlig tolkning av vad fyndmaterialet säger om hur många människor som var involverade i konflikten och vad som talar för att de var professionella krigare. Diskussionen lyfter fram hövdingadömen som centraliserade och hierarkiska samhällsstrukturer och hur detta möjliggör organiserad krigföring.

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Leclercq, Walter. « L'âge du Bronze final dans les bassins de l'Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne : culture matérielle et cadre socio-économique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209729.

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Dès le Bronze final, on assiste en Europe occidentale à la mise en place d’une géographie culturelle qui positionne les bassins de l’Escaut et de la Meuse moyenne à la charnière des grands complexes traditionnels :atlantique, nordique et continental.

Par l'étude du mobilier céramique issu de sites en grande partie inédits (provenant à la fois de fouilles récentes et anciennes) de l'aire géographique considérée, l'objectif principal de notre thèse était de déterminer le paysage socio-économique, son évolution au cours du temps et finalement son insertion dans une mouvance européenne. Des questions sur la circulation des biens mais également sur celle des populations sont dès lors soulevées.

\
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Olsson, Söderhäll Kristina. « Trojaborgarnas dolda agenda : En övergripande beskrivning av trojaborgar i Sverige och en jämförelse av olika teorier om trojaborgarnas funktion ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390442.

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A Troy Town is a labyrinth either built of stones or made of turf. They can be found in northern Europe, especially in Scandinavia. The number of Troy Towns in Sweden is outstanding. They are around 400. Most of them are situated on the coast but there are still approximatly 80 inland about 20 of which are located on ancient burial grounds from both bronze and iron age. The Troy Towns in Sweden are mostly marked with round circles of stones, the size of human skulls, and placed directly on the ground. The entrance of a Troy Town is often formed as a cross. There are some turf labyrinths left in Denmark, England and Germany but most of them are overgrown by grass and can no longer be seen. The Troy Towns are hard to date. Away from the coast one can examine their contexts whilst along the coast lichenometry and the sea level may be used to determine the age of them. There are different ways to describe the purpose of them depending on what period they belong to and where they are situated. Researchers do not agree on all the theories and many of them are based on older explanations. Still new theories appear. My purpose apart from describing the Troy Towns is to examine and compare the theories and to evaluate their plausibility.

Uppsatsen ventilerad 2019-05-27

Uppsatsen godkänd 2019-06-12

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Loewen, Brad. « Les barriques de Red Bay et l'espace Atlantique septentrional, vers 1565 ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ43086.pdf.

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Brockwell, C. J. « Archaeological investigations of the Kakadu Wetlands, Northern Australia ». Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117011.

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Freshwater wetlands of tropical Australia are highly productive ecosystems. Along the floodplain margins of the Northern Territory’s South Alligator River, large open sites testify that in the past they were of significant economic importance to the prehistoric Aboriginal occupants. The sites are deflated and the only archaeological remains consist of stone artefacts. However, geomorphological investigations link the sites with the establishment of freshwater wetlands on the floodplains no more than 1500 years ago. Because the sites are flooded in the wet season, dry season occupation is implied. As wetland resources are available seasonally, sites may have been occupied at different times during the dry season according to the availability of resources. Historic evidence from comparable areas elsewhere in tropical Australia indicates that hunters in these areas maintained year-round residency on the floodplain margins, camping on higher ground and exploiting alternative resource bases during the wet season. The presence of mound sites in open woodland abutting the floodplains suggests that such settlement patterns also existed in the Kakadu region prehistorically. This thesis examines site use and settlement patterns on the South Alligator wetland margins through an analysis of the stone artefact assemblages. Stone raw materials and tool types were examined in terms of distributions both within and between sites. Differences in distribution of tool types between sites was linked to differences in site use and season of occupation. The assemblages of the South Alligator wetland sites were subsequently compared with those of nearby rockshelters located in the outliers and plateau valleys of the Arnhem Land escarpment. Differences between them were interpreted as reflecting different environmental locations and economic bases. These differences echoed the dichotomy found by other researchers between plateau valley and plain sites in northern Kakadu. Previously, it had been concluded that the emergence of estuarine conditions on the floodplains c.6000 years BP was the major environmental event to affect the economic strategies of the Kakadu inhabitants from mid Holocene times onwards. However, the development of large freshwater wetland systems in the Kakadu region c.1000 years BP implies a major restructuring of subsistence strategies and settlement patterns throughout the region at this time. A reassessment of the archaeological evidence from the rockshelter sites escarpment revealed that such was the case. Today, there are a number of Aboriginal people in Kakadu who recall living at the wetland sites while they were employed in the buffalo shooting industry during the 1930s and 40s. They were able to provide details about site use and seasonality, as well as information about seasonal movement throughout the region. In addition to the oral data, there is a large body of literature which includes details of wetland subsistence strategies both for Kakadu and other comparable areas of tropical Australia. Using these sources, historical models of site use and settlement on the wetland margins and regionally were constructed. The models were compared with those derived from the archaeological evidence, to determine whether pre-contact modes of behaviour have survived into the post-contact period, whether they have changed and why. It was demonstrated that considerable continuity exists. Differences relate mainly to methods of exploitation and change in resource availability due to environmental degradation of the wetlands as a result of buffalo damage.

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Depew, Patricia Ruth. « The archaeological sources which elucidate the history of the northern kingdom and neighboring lands : from Omri (876 BCE) to the exile (721 BCE) ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2065.

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This dissertation provides a survey of the available archaeological sources that have been discovered that help illuminate the history of the Northern Kingdom of Israel from King Omri (876 BCE) into the Assyrian Exile (721 BCE) of the Iron II a and b periods. This history is given in the Hebrew Scriptures as found in 1 Kings 16:16 to 2 Kings 17:6. To accomplish this research, several resources have been organized in a systematic approach. The artifacts and physical remains are examined in categories including: pottery, town planning, architecture, literacy and inscriptions, temples, gods, cult objects, metallurgy, weapons and warfare, weights and measures, farming, food preparation, music, jewelry, art, and burial. Photographs of several artifacts are included. With the background developed on the material culture, the next topic of importance to be considered is the archaeological sites and their relationship to this historic period. The relevant archaeological excavations and in-situ artifacts surveyed were found in areas of the former cultures including: Israel, Judah, Sinai, Edom, Moab, Amman, Lebanon, Syria, Aram, Assyria, Babylon and Persia. A vast number of these sited reveal information regarding the time period from King Omri, his son King Ahab and Ahab's wife, Queen Jezebel. There was interaction between Israel and Judah, and the kingdoms in Moab, Ammon, Lebanon, Aram, and Assyria. Eventually in 721 BCE many people were taken from the Israel into Exile and captivity by the Assyrians. The conclusion of this dissertation ties together the findings of the material sources with the historic events. The material sources have given considerable light on the history of the Northern kingdom as was given in the Hebrew Scriptures as is presented in this final section of the dissertation.
Religious Studies and Arabic
D.Litt. et Phil. (Biblical Studies)

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Leader, George Michael. « New excavations at Canteen Kopje, Northern Cape province, South Africa : a techno-typological comparison of three earlier Acheulean assemblages with new interpretations on the Victoria West phenomenon ». Thesis, 2014.

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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2014.
The site of Canteen Kopje in Barkly West, South Africa, has provided the archaeological record with an invaluable collection of Earlier Stone Age artefacts. An alluvial deposit approximately 1km from the modern Vaal River, the site contains an abundance of artefacts. A 2007 – 2009 excavation in Pit 6 has provided an assemblage of over 15,000 artefacts that has been dated by cosmogenic nuclide burial method. Three distinct assemblages show technological changes through time of the earlier Acheulean industrial complex. The youngest industry, the Prepared Core Technology Assemblage, is dated to 1.2 ± .07 Ma and contains Victoria West prepared core technology. Beneath it is the Organised Core Assemblage which is void of Victoria West prepared core technology but contains cores that demonstrate more organised knapping techniques in the form of asymmetrical control. This assemblage is dated to 1.51 ±0.8 Ma. Finally, the underlying Basal Early Acheulean Assembage lacks both prepared cores and organised cores and is >1.51 Ma in age. The abundance of large angular clasts of andesite in the area made multiple knapping strategies effective for the manufacture of large flakes. A technological sequence in the knapping strategies has emerged in this excavation, from simple cores to organised cores and finally prepared cores. The older technologies clearly display the roots of prepared core technology in the asymmetrical control of the organised knapping methods. The overall success of the knapping strategies prior to the appearance of the Victoria West industry in the Canteen Kopje archaeological record creates questions as to why more complex strategies might have been implemented over time. Analysis of the assemblages from the Pit 6 excavation fails to provide a clear technological explanation within the empirical data as to why this change occurs. This research therefore argues that the Victoria West prepared core knapping strategy is a localized stone age culturally motivated knapping tradition.

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Mashimbye, Prudence Myra. « Spherulites : evidence of herding strategies at Mapungubwe ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12907.

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Archaeology MSc Dissertation School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies Faculty of Science University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2013
Agropastoralists during the Iron Age established their settlements in the Limpopo Valley to take advantage of the rich floodplains of the Shashe-Limpopo confluence. Trade in ivory may have been a draw card in the earlier Zhizo period (AD 900), but good climate and increased rainfall helped to maintain a growing population which in turn contributed to the rise of complex society and the first state in southern Africa, i.e. Mapungubwe (AD 1250-1300). The population increase and the concomitant agricultural land use, together with several droughts, would have challenged livestock management. Using carbon signatures, J. Smith (2005) discovered that cattle were sustained on graze alone, indicating sufficient grass in the valley for pasture during the Iron Age. I have used spherulites found in cattle dung to investigate the use of the confluence vlei area. Vlei grass would have provided extra pasturage. I considered time and space to interpret samples. For the Zhizo and Leokwe periods, I examined 13 samples, including Castle Rock, of which six were positive. K2 had nine positive samples out of 17 while Transitional K2 had 20 positives samples. The TK2 results suggest there was a greater need for extra pasturage associated with drought from AD 1220 to 1250. The Mapungubwe period is represented by 11 samples and five yielded positive results while the Khami period yielded 12 positive results out of 26 samples. These results show a regular use of the confluence vlei during the Iron Age associated with dry conditions.

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Cundy, B. J. « An analysis of the Ingaladdi assemblage : a critique of the understanding of Lithic technology ». Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114472.

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Despite the changes in method and theory which have occurred in the study of prehistory over the last one hundred and fifty years the understanding of lithic technology has been dominated by a single perspective. This has been based on three central assumptions: (1) the form of an artifact reflects prior mental or cognitive processes which supply the formal cause, (2) the clear delineation of products as ends and (3) the neutrality of the experience of the production process which converts the cognitive into the material. This thesis presents a critique of these assumptions and demonstrates the utility of applying an alternative perspective to the problem of understanding technological change in north-western Australian stone assemblages. This is carried out via an analysis of the Ingaladdi site. The central component of the criticism of the 'traditional model’ is that it has failed to recognize lithic technology as a form of practical knowledge or 'knowing how’. The implication of the alternative understanding of lithic technology as 'knowing how’ is that stone artifacts were not and should not be seen as a series of materialized ideas or products but as a series of experienced manufacturing processes. It is the organizational structure of these reduction processes which constitute lithic technology in time and space of the archaeological record. This approach to the understanding of prehistoric technology, when applied to the Ingaladdi material, reveals two previously unrecognized elements. Firstly, the early underlying material, previously characterized as a crude and amorphous flake and core 'industry’ is seen to reflect a complex organization based on a two tiered structure utilizing both local lithic materials and that which maintains a relationship termed the 'standing reserve’. It is suggested that the amorphous nature of the early assemblages derives from their inability to separate lithic reduction from wider production processes and that it was the inherent disjunction between the structural and situational 'logic’ which preconditioned the later technological change. The second major aspect of the analysis shows that, despite their marked typological difference from the underlying, the major component of the later assemblage, the lancet flake, can be derived directly from the earlier flake production process. The transformation follows a major shift from 'on-site’ to 'off-site’ primary core reduction - the principal organizational difference between the early and later assemblages. Some implications for the understanding of technological, economic and social relations in Australian prehistory are discussed and the thesis concludes with a more detailed examination of the origins of the 'traditional’ and alternative models of lithic technology.

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Vermeulen, Floris Nicholas. « A Sikil interlude at Dor : an analysis of contrasting opinions ». Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1719.

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This paper analyses the opposing views regarding the presence or absence of the Sikil at Dor in Palestine during Early Iron Age 1. Textual sources claim that the Sikil were pirates who came from the west and settled in Cyprus. Egyptian sources point to a Sikil presence at Dor. Some scholars regard the Egyptian sources and archaeological finds at Dor as evidence of a Sikil settlement at Dor. Others maintain that there is a continuity of ceramics at Dor from Canaanite to Phoenician. Though there were foreign influences at Dor during Early Iron Age 1 which point to newcomers, they propose that these newcomers probably came from Cyprus. No archaeological record of a Sea People-presence at Dor has been discovered. This study textually traces the Sikil from the Aegean to Cyprus, Egypt and finally to Dor and a theory is presented that the Sikil originated in the Aegean, temporarily settled in Cyprus and finally at Dor.
Old Testament & Ancient Near Eastern Studies
M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)

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Thèses sur le sujet « Excavations (archaeology) – europe, northern »

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