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Zhang, Jingbo. « Document examination and rejection under UCP 600 ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378253/.
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Letters of credit, which are a well-recognised payment instrument, have bridged international trade between different countries. The UCP, which is often regarded as “soft regulation” has provided a solid backing for the operation of documentary credits and nowadays the latest revision, UCP600 is universally incorporated into nearly all letters of credit. This thesis focuses on two vital but controversial parts in a documentary credit operation, i.e. document examination and rejection under UCP600. The central research question addressed by this thesis is: Has the UCP600 provided a sufficient framework for banks to fulfil their obligations concerning document examination and rejection under documentary credits? This question can be divided into three separate issues. Firstly, what requirements should a bank fulfil during document examination and rejection as judged by the law of documentary credits and market expectations? Secondly, what requirements have been expressly or implicitly set out in the UCP600 regime? Finally, has the current UCP system provided a proper and sufficient framework to the addressed areas? If not, what should and can be done next? In order to answer the above questions, this thesis draws upon other ICC sources, such as the ISBP, the ICC Opinions and DOCDEX decisions, which are frequently missed in other academic works. The novelty of this thesis lies in a below-the-surface analysis of the controversial areas of UCP600 by using the experience gained from recent case law before suggesting ways to move forward. The merits of this thesis are not limited to observing the current loopholes in the UCP system, but also in endeavouring to solve current problems by providing feasible suggestions for improvement for the next UCP revision.
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Fido, L. A. « Application of Raman spectroscopy to forensic examination of paint, fibres, and documents ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431609.
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McManus, Elizabeth Caitrin. « Unearthing archives : an examination of documents generated in the course of archaeological fieldwork in Canada ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42080.
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Archaeology is a science that destroys the very evidence it wishes to study. Archaeologists must therefore clearly document all stages of their work. In Canada, legislation dictates that all artefacts recovered from archaeological activity must be deposited in an archaeological repository. In most cases only copies of a final report are required to be submitted to the provincial government department responsible for archaeology.
This thesis sought to discover what happens to the documents generated from archaeological activity and whether they are of value to archaeologists. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and surveys, and a review of current literature on archaeological practice. It was found that archaeologists place a high value on the documents they generate during an archaeological project and wish that they be kept in perpetuity; however, a lack of recordkeeping standards and of a relationship based on trust between archaeologists and archaeological repositories has led to poor record keeping practices amongst archaeologists in both academic and consulting environments and few transfers to repositories. The few documents that are transferred to repositories are rarely processed according to archival methodology for preservation and they are not easily accessible to researchers or the public. Thus, this thesis is concluded by a series of recommendations aimed to ensure that the documentary by-products of archaeological activity be maintained and preserved as reliable and authentic evidence of the projects to which they relate.
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Lima, Narumi Pereira. « Desenvolvimento das competências técnicas dos peritos documentoscópio da Polícia Federal ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11418.
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The Forensic Document Examination is the major forensic area of Federal Police Criminalistics, been responsible for 24,49% of the total amount of technical reports in the Criminalistics National System. Nevertheless, it does not have specific selection area or graduation, and the development of its competences depend almost exclusively on the training offered and performed internally, inside the institution and the workplace. Considering the Federal Police General Direction and Technical-Scientific Direction strategic plannings, that expressed the relevance of the servants professional development through continuous training and competence management as strategies to reach their missions, it is possible to notice how important is the proper study and development of the forensic document examination competences. This purpose of this research is to analyze if the technical competences of the Federal Police forensic document examiners that has been described in the technical activity matrix are in consonance with the ones described by UN, and if these competences have been developed by the training courses offered by National Police Academy. It was identified some gaps, i.e., UN recommendations that are in accordance with the matrix, but are no developed in the training courses, besides some discrepancies in the courses duration. Some suggestions were made for minimize or eliminate these gaps, as well as another considerations related to more training offer, professional specialization, and proficiency tests and mentoring implementation.
A Documentoscopia é a maior área de perícia da Criminalística da PF, respondendo por 24,49% de toda a produção de laudos do Sistema Nacional de Criminalística. Apesar disso, não possui área de concurso ou graduação específicas, e o desenvolvimento das competências da área depende quase que exclusivamente da capacitação oferecida e executada internamente, dentro da instituição e do ambiente de trabalho. Considerando os planejamentos estratégicos da Direção Geral e da Diretoria Técnico-Científica da PF, que manifestaram a importância da valorização de seus servidores por meio da capacitação contínua e da gestão de competências como estratégia para se alcançar suas missões, vê-se a relevância no adequado estudo e desenvolvimento das competências na área da perícia documentoscópica. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar se as competências técnicas dos peritos documentoscópico da Polícia Federal elencadas na matriz da função técnica da PF estão em consonância com as elencadas pela ONU para os examinadores forenses de documentos, e se essas competências estão sendo desenvolvidas nas ações de capacitação oferecidas pela ANP voltadas para a área. Foram identificadas algumas lacunas, ou seja, recomendações da ONU que encontram correspondência nas elencadas na matriz, mas não são desenvolvidas pelas ações de capacitação, além da discrepância quanto à carga horária dos cursos. Algumas sugestões para a minimização ou eliminação dessas lacunas foram colocadas, e outras considerações foram feitas, principalmente voltadas à maior oferta de capacitação, à especialização profissional, à instituição de testes de proficiência e da mentoria.
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Warnasuriya, Chathura. « Minimising litigation on presentation of documents under letters of credit : an alternative approach to the uniform customs and practice for documentary credits ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15662.
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It is a well-known fact that international trade contracts bear inherently more risk than the trade contracts entered by the parties from the same country. This is due to the differences in business methods and practices used, trade cultures of the parties involved, laws and regulations in the respective jurisdictions. Under these circumstances, it is very important for the seller to have the assurance of that he receives the payment for the goods dispatched and for the buyer to receive the goods what has been ordered. One effective way of having such an assurance is to rely on a letter of credit as an international payment method. But for exporters in particular, this payment method has presented difficulties in meeting the compliance requirements necessary for the payment to be triggered. The UCP 600 published by the International Chamber of Commerce provide the rules that govern letters of credit transactions. At the introduction of the UCP 600, it was aimed to remove wording that could lead to inconsistent application and interpretation, as against the language and style used in the previous version, namely the UCP 500. Highlighting the experiences under UCP 500, the ultimate focus of the revision of the UCP was to minimise the level of litigations that had arisen under the rules provided in the UCP. In several surveys, it has been reported that, nearly 50% of the first presentation for payment under letters of credit are rejected by the banks. This situation implies the fact that the provisions which cover letters of credit transactions are not either clear enough or well understood by the parties involved. Similarly, the decisions made by Courts around the world on issues related to letters of credit have taken different approaches when applying and interpreting the rules. This can clearly be seen by a myriad of controversial judicial standards which have been applied to similar mistakes in documents presented to the bank for payment. This thesis is an investigation into those issues to find out the optimal standards that could be applied to solve the said problems. In doing so, this thesis will strive to ascertain what remedial measures could be taken to address the issues related to examination of documents, the rejection of payment and fraud exception. Key words: International Trade, International Trade Law, Law of Letters of Credit, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit 600, Examination of Documents and communicating the decision.
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Wolstenholme, Rosalind. « An evaluation of analytical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, for use in forensic document examination ». Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2005. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20833/.
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Forged documents are comnonly encountered in the investigation of crime. Forensic document examiners need to be able to employ techniques that are non-destructive, reliable and admissible in court. In this work, techniques currently in use for ink analysis, including FLE, TLC, UV - Vis, IR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy, have been reviewed and, where possible optimised in order to evaluate the level of discrimination possible between different ballpoint and gel pen inks. To date, information comparing such a wide range of techniques to relatively large sample sets has not been published. Particularly, lacking is analysis of ballpoint pen inks from the UK, ballpoint pen ink colours other than black and blue and any analysis of gel pen inks. The results vary widely depending on the combination of ink colour and type, paper and the technique being used. FLE achieved the best discrimination for blue gel pen inks giving a DP of 0.92. TLC is most effective for black and red ballpoint pen inks, giving a DP of 0.89 for both. The highest DP for UV - Vis, 0.86, is achieved for black gel pen inks and for IR-ATR it is red gel pen inks that are most effectively discriminated between, with DPs of 0.88 and 0.87. The Raman spectroscopy analysis used a greater number of combinations of papers, and experimental parameters, i.e. different excitation wavelengths and 'standard' Raman spectroscopy or SERRS with silver or gold colloid, therefore, it is not possible to select a single type and colour of ink to which the technique is best suited. The pairs of inks discriminated by the five techniques are not mutually exclusive. In real casework it is unlikely that all the instrumentation would be available and there will be financial constraints on how many techniques can be carried out. Therefore, using the data obtained here, protocols have been suggested in order to predict the technique or combination of techniques that is most likely to achieve discrimination of two different inks for each pen ink type and colour. Raman spectroscopy or SERRS are required for 23 out of the 28 recommended protocols suggesting that they would be valuable tools for document examination laboratories. However, for Raman spectroscopy, although it is a non-destructive method of analysis, when the SER.RS enhancement technique is used, which is effectively non-destructive, some problems with reproducibility were found. Causes of the irreproducibility have been put forward, such as inhomogeneity of the ink and the paper substrate and ink and paper interactions, but no single cause has been identified. Despite this, if care is taken with analysis and interpretation, SERRS results can be useful.
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Richardson, Meg Corbett. « Demolition by neglect an examination of Charleston's ordinance / ». Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1211389250/.
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Zhao, Yun Wen. « A critical appraisal of the law and practice relating to the examination and rejection of documents under letters of credit ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586528.
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Jalota, Sahil. « Development and in vitro examination of materials for osseointegration ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181668741/.
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Fountain, Stefanie A. « An examination of confined aquifer gradient behavior under pumping conditions ». Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1246565727/.
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Burkey, Linde Christine Rush. « Reflex of Avoidance in Spatial Restrictions for Signatures and Handwritten Entries ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1421.
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Regarding the myriad disputed documents encountered within the science of forensic document examination, questioned handwriting is the most prevalent. This includes the simulation or alteration of and or additions to handwriting and signatures. The current study examined the changes that may occur in writing when given a limited amount of space. Several participants completed a survey wherein writing samples were taken under varying space allowances. These space restrictions were made under differing conditions such as boxed signatures, additions to prewritten material, and alterations to letters and numbers. The results of the study found characteristics of reflex of avoidance in the participants' handwriting. These characteristics included changes in height, width, and letter spacing in accordance to the amount of space provided. The examples of reflex of avoidance defined throughout this study may serve to assist forensic document examiners in the detection of alterations within questioned documents.
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Widener, Lisa Christine. « Diffusion in education an examination of enrollment diversity in postsecondary institutions / ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193080319/.
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Lund, Christopher Alan. « A critical examination of Evangelicalism in South Africa, with special reference to the Evangelical Witness document and concerned evangelicals ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15876.
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Bibliography: pages 118-126.This dissertation arises out of a recognition of the need for research into evangelicalism as a distinct and important area within the Christian church in South Africa. It focuses on the struggle for the symbols and doctrines of the evangelical tradition in South Africa as that struggle is articulated in the Evangelical Witness document (EWISA), and the Concerned Evangelicals organisation (CE), with which the document is associated. Evangelicalism is approached as the site of a struggle for certain theological elements, which have a particular material force as ideology. This struggle is discussed in four chapters. The first chapter discusses the way in which evangelicalism may be defined, suggesting that the struggle over the definition of evangelicalism is itself an indication of wider struggles in evangelicalism. It then develops a brief working model of evangelicalism in South Africa as a framework for understanding CE and EWISA and their critique. The second chapter addresses the EWISA document in some detail, focussing on the way in which EWISA's restatement of certain tenets of evangelical theology has a particular material (ideological) force. The third chapter provides a brief history of CE, and discusses its main agenda as it has been articulated thus far. The final chapter reflects on CE and EWISA's major contributions, indicates some parallel movements in the One Third World and other parts of the Two Thirds World, and makes certain theological and practical recommendations for CE's ongoing work. The main thesis argued is that the liberation critique offered by CE and EWISA shows the need for a reassessment and restatement of evangelicalism in South Africa. Some of the ways in which this restatement may occur are tentatively suggested through an analysis of CE and EWISA's retrieval of certain elements of the evangelical tradition for its project of liberation. This, it is suggested, forms an important beginning for the reclaiming of evangelicalism from the right wing of the evangelical community.
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Williamson, Rhett J. « Qualitative Analysis for the Characterization and Discrimination of Printing Inks ». FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3055.
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Improvements in printing technology and the wide accessibility of advanced printers has resulted in an increase in counterfeiting. Of particular interest to forensic document examiners, ink analysis of security documents has emerged as an important tool for the analysis, comparison, and association of inks to a potential production source. In this study, methods were developed for Py-GC/MS, ATR-FTIR, DART-MS, and MALDI-MS analyses of printing inks of four classes: 78 inkjet inks, 76 toners, 79 offset inks, and 86 intaglio inks in order to generate information on the organic chemical characterization of the inks to determine the ability to associate and discriminate the inks for uses in security document examinations. The suite of analytical techniques evaluated in the study focused on having the following analytical characteristics: 1) rapid analysis time, 2) little-to-no sample preparation, 3) minimal destructiveness to the sample, 4) allow for association of inks with the same source of origin as well as discrimination of inks originating from different sources. As a result of this study, a novel searchable library database of inks was developed for use with each analytical chemical method that allows for data fusion.
Py-GC/MS analysis was used to achieve >63% discrimination of toner inks on the basis of the characterization of polymer degradation products. The combination of a protocol implementing first ATR-FTIR and subsequently DART-MS analysis resulted in >96% discrimination for toners, 95% for inkjet, >92% for offset, and >54% for intaglio. In addition, a case study was performed using DART-MS to illustrate its utility as a tool for ink analysis in document examination. The results of MALDI-MS analyses from two different instruments resulted in >90% discrimination of a subset of all inks by characterizing the colorant molecules present in ink formulations. A study characterizing luminescent compounds present in the formulation of inks in crossed-line intersections was performed using a combination of MALDI-MS, LC-MS, and TLC. Overall, it was shown that the combination of analytical techniques included within this dissertation can provide information on the organic chemical composition of four classes of printing inks, which is useful for the future of document examination.
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Trejos, Tatiana. « Evaluation of the Evidential Value of the Elemental Composition of Glass, Ink and Paper by Laser-Based Micro-Spectrochemical Methods ». FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/755.
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Elemental analysis can become an important piece of evidence to assist the solution of a case. The work presented in this dissertation aims to evaluate the evidential value of the elemental composition of three particular matrices: ink, paper and glass.
In the first part of this study, the analytical performance of LIBS and LA-ICP-MS methods was evaluated for paper, writing inks and printing inks. A total of 350 ink specimens were examined including black and blue gel inks, ballpoint inks, inkjets and toners originating from several manufacturing sources and/or batches. The paper collection set consisted of over 200 paper specimens originating from 20 different paper sources produced by 10 different plants.
Micro-homogeneity studies show smaller variation of elemental compositions within a single source (i.e., sheet, pen or cartridge) than the observed variation between different sources (i.e., brands, types, batches). Significant and detectable differences in the elemental profile of the inks and paper were observed between samples originating from different sources (discrimination of 87 – 100% of samples, depending on the sample set under investigation and the method applied). These results support the use of elemental analysis, using LA-ICP-MS and LIBS, for the examination of documents and provide additional discrimination to the currently used techniques in document examination.
In the second part of this study, a direct comparison between four analytical methods (µ-XRF, solution-ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS and LIBS) was conducted for glass analyses using interlaboratory studies. The data provided by 21 participants were used to assess the performance of the analytical methods in associating glass samples from the same source and differentiating different sources, as well as the use of different match criteria (confidence interval (±6s, ±5s, ±4s, ±3s, ±2s), modified confidence interval, t-test (sequential univariate, p=0.05 and p=0.01), t-test with Bonferroni correction (for multivariate comparisons), range overlap, and Hotelling’s T2 tests. Error rates (Type 1 and Type 2) are reported for the use of each of these match criteria and depend on the heterogeneity of the glass sources, the repeatability between analytical measurements, and the number of elements that were measured. The study provided recommendations for analytical performance-based parameters for µ-XRF and LA-ICP-MS as well as the best performing match criteria for both analytical techniques, which can be applied now by forensic glass examiners.
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Laufer, Danièle. « Drames d'amour : étude psychanalytique des crimes passionnels ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080104/document.
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Notre pratique d’expert psychologue au pénal nous a amenée à entreprendre cette recherche, sur les crimes passionnels. Cette catégorie, non reconnue par le droit met l’accent sur ce qui se joue parfois de façon dramatique entre un homme et une femme. Amour, crime et folie fondent l’humanité.La criminologie, au XIXe siècle, à partir des aliénistes et de la médecine légale, s’inscrivant dans un mouvement de défense sociale, a posé la question de la folie et de la dangerosité de ces criminels. Au XXIe siècle, le signifiant majeur est violence faite aux femmes, la femme devient victime ayant des droits à défendre. La psychanalyse, avec Freud et Lacan mettent la dimension de l’acte et du désir au cœur de la psyché. Lacan a montré, avec Aimée la dimension imaginaire du crime, puis sa dimension symbolique dans les années 50. Avec son dernier enseignement, et l’invention de l’objet a, la causalité du passage à l’acte est psychique et s’inscrit dans le réel.Reconnaître le hors sens du crime permet de ne pas disjoindre passage à l’acte et personnalité, et peut amener le sujet à accéder à sa responsabilité et à être jugé en conséquence.Les neurosciences ne peuvent dire ce qu’est l’amour ou le crime, les techniques actuarielles ne permettent pas de le prédire.L’amour est un semblant qui voile l’impossible du rapport sexuel. La clinique continuiste de la psychose, formulée par Miller met l’accent sur la nécessité de l’invention au cas par cas. Lors de séparations, lorsque l’amour ne fait plus sinthome, face à une irruption de jouissance, le sujet s’il ne trouve pas de solution, peut passer à l’acte.Il s’agit alors de suicide altruiste, dans un acte d’ « amour altruiste »Our pratical experience as a psychologist expert in court, has led us to undertake this research into crimes of passion. This category not recognized by the law, emphasizes the dramatical situation arising between man and woman. Passion, crime and madness are the basis of mankind.19th century criminology from psychiatrist and forensic science onwards, as part of a social protection movement has stated the question of madness and dangerousness of these criminals. Nowadays, in the 21st century, the most significant signifier is woman’s abuse : women are victims with rights to fight for.Psychoanalysis, with Freud and Lacan make act and desire, central to psyche. Lacan has shown with Aimée the imaginary dimension of crime, then evolving into a symbolic dimension in the fifties. With his latest teaching and the invention of the object « a », causality of acting out is psychic and anchors in the real.Admitting the absurdity of crime prevents us from separating act and personality and can bring the subject to accepting his responsability and be judged consequently.Neurosciences are helpless to say what is passion or crime, and actuarial techniques do not help us to predict it. Love is a pretence masking the impossibility of the sexual intercourse. The clinical approach of continuist psychosis, as formulated by Miller, emphasizes the importance of invention distinctively. During break-up proceedings, when love is not a « sinthome » any longer, faced with a surge of overwhelming pleasure, the subject when unable to find an answer to his problem, may act out.We may then speak of altruistic suicide in an « altruisitic act of love »
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Marsh, Marlee Beckham. « Histological examination of host-parasite interactions in the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1181668902/.
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Carter, Caroline A. « Examination of pre-diabetes and diabetes perceptions and knowledge using focus groups ». Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239897019/.
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Beeco, John Adam. « An examination of the night hiking experience in parks and protected areas ». Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1263396564/.
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Johnson, Joseph P. « An examination of colliding galaxy clusters recreating 1E 0657-56 with GADGET-2 / ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202498911/.
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D'Elia, Christina Noel. « Accommodating death an examination of the role of scientific accommodation in forensic anthropology / ». Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1247508443/.
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Russell, Dale Wesley. « A multifaceted multi-methodological examination of the global movie industry ». [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/23901.
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Schuyler, Blair E. « An examination of the motivations of sporting event volunteers within intercollegiate athletics at Clemson University ». Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1219855398/.
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Zaz, Ghita. « Post Examination of a High Flux Reactor Single Element with Ultra-Sounds ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS252/document.
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Le Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF) de l'Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), uniquement dédié à la recherche fondamentale, produit le flux continu de neutrons thermiques le plus intense au monde, soit 1.5 1015 neutrons par seconde et par cm2, avec une puissance thermique de 58 MW. Ce réacteur possède un cœur constitué d'un élément combustible unique en uranium très enrichi. Dans le cadre d'une étude sur le comportement des éléments combustibles après irradiation, l'ILL souhaite développer un dispositif capable d'aller mesurer la largeur du canal d'eau. Cette mesure permettra de caractériser le gonflement des plaques, inhérent à l'irradiation, ainsi que les modifications de structure (corrosion, décollement,…). Cependant, cette mesure de distance est délicate puisqu'une résolution de l'ordre du micromètre est recherchée alors que la dimension de l'espace inter-plaques est proche du millimètre. Les contraintes d'accès sont également difficiles du fait que l'élément combustible est placé à environ 5 m sous la surface de l'eau. En outre, tous les systèmes sont soumis à de fortes radiations. Basés sur des méthodes magnétiques, capacitives ou optiques, des dispositifs permettent aujourd'hui de mesurer des distances avec une résolution nanométrique et avec des fonctionnalités pouvant être adaptées dans des conditions de températures et de pression difficiles. Ces méthodes ne peuvent cependant pas être appliquées à des systèmes fortement radiatifs ou en immersion. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, deux transducteurs ultrasonores fonctionnant en émission-réceptions ont été conçus, étudiés et ensuite développés dans le cadre de cette thèse. Ces transducteurs sont montés sur une lame en acier inoxydable de 1 mm d'épaisseur afin d'autoriser l'accès à l'espace inter-plaques. Du fait de la haute résolution recherchée, les transducteurs sont excités à une fréquence au-delà de 120 MHz et intégrés dans un ensemble d'instruments de mesure comprenant un système d'acquisition haute fréquence, un traitement de signal de haute précision et une électronique spécifique développée pour améliorer le signal d'excitation.Connaissant la vitesse du son dans l'eau et l'épaisseur de la lame, les transducteurs mesurent la distance inter-plaque à partir de la détermination du temps de vol entre l'émission d'un pulse ultrasonore et la réception des échos réfléchis sur la surface de chacune des plaques. Deux expériences in-situ conduisant à une série de mesure de distance inter-plaque ont été réalisées au sein de l'élément combustible irradié du réacteur à haut fluxThe fuel elements of High Performance and Research Reactors are usually made of plates instead of rods. During irradiation, the fuel plates undergo limited swelling and an oxide layer appears on the outer surface of the cladding. However, measuring the inter-plate distance of such fuel elements isn't trivial mainly because of the requested resolution in constraint geometry. Indeed while the typical dimensions of the water channel between plates is close to two millimeter, a resolution of one micron is needed to characterize any fuel plate swelling. In order to perform such measurements, we designed a robust device based upon high frequency ultrasonic probes and adapted to the high radiation environment. It was thinned until 1 mm in order to be inserted into the 1.8 mm width water channel. To achieve the expected resolution, the system is excited with frequencies up to 120 MHz. Thanks to a highly performing signal processing; distance measurement is carried out through the ultrasonic waves' time of flight. One of the crucial points is then the evaluation of the local water temperature inside the water channel. To obtain a precise estimation of this parameter, the ultrasonic sensor is used as a thermometer thanks to the analysis of the spectral components of the acoustic signal propagating inside the sensor multilayered structure. The feasibility of temperature and distance measurement has already been proved with success on a full size irradiated fuel element of the RHF. Some experimental constraints were identified to improve the accuracy of the measurement system in future works
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Browne, Thomas. « Regression models and sensitivity analysis for stochastic simulators : applications to non-destructive examination ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB041/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
De nombreuses industries ont recourt aux examens non-destructifs (END) afin d’assurer l’intégrité de certains composants importants, le but étant d’y détecter d’hypothétiques défauts avant tout évènement indésirable (ruptures, fuites etc...). L’environnement des END étant très aléatoire, il est légitime de s’interroger sur la fiabilité de tels procédés. De ce fait, on quantifie leur efficacité par leurs probabilités de détection. On les modélise par des courbes croissantes, fonctions de la taille du défaut à détecter : courbes de PoD (Probability of Detection). Cette thèse vise à présenter des outils pour construire et étudier les courbes de PoD à travers des stratégies parcimonieuses. Notre approche repose essentiellement sur la modélisation de ces courbes par des fonctions de répartitions aléatoires. D`es lors, il est nécessaire de définir des grandeurs pertinentes afin d’étudier leur distribution. Des estimateurs par Krigeage de ces valeurs seront introduits. Des techniques de planifications séquentielles pour améliorer la qualité des estimateurs de courbes de PoD ainsi que pour répondre à des problèmes d’optimisation sont développées. De plus, des indices d’analyse de sensibilité fonctionnels afin de quantifier l’influence de divers paramètres sur la qualité de détection sont présents. Leurs estimateurs respectifs sont également proposésMany industries perform non-destructive examination (NDE) in order to ensure the integrity of some important components, where the goal is to detect a hypothetical flaw before the occurrence any non desirable event (breaks, leaks etc...). As the NDE environment is highly random, it is legitimate to wonder about the reliability of such procedures. To this effect, their efficiencies are quantified through their probabilities of detection. They are modelled by increasing curves, functions of the flaw size to detect: Probability of Detection-curves (PoD-curves). This thesis aims to introduce tools in order to both build and study PoD-curves through parsimonious strategies. Our approach mainly consists in modelling these curves by random cumulative distribution functions. From this point, it becomes necessary to define relevant objects to quantify their probability distributions. Kriging-based estimators for these values are introduced. Techniques are developed in order to carry out sequential strategies for both the improvement of the PoD-curve estimators and optimization problems. Besides, in order to quantify the influence of input parameters over the quality of detection, functional sensitivity analysis indices are provided. Their respective estimators are also introduced
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Zito, Adrianna. « Examination of the Allee effect on postlarval recruitment and post-settlement survival in the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus ». Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202409437/.
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Luft, Gabriela Fernanda Cé. « Retrato de uma disciplina ameaçada : a literatura nos documentos oficiais e no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/103887.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta pesquisa se constitui em um trabalho de intervenção: propõe-se a discutir a crise que ameaça, conforme expressão utilizada por Antonio Candido, o “direito à literatura” na sala de aula, ou seja, o processo de desvalorização da literatura como disciplina escolar, formalmente retirada como área de conhecimento do currículo de ensino médio a partir das reformas educacionais realizadas nos últimos anos e da imposição do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) como o virtual vestibular único no país. A partir da exposição dos resultados de diferentes instrumentos que visam à verificação de habilidades leitoras e de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com alunos de terceiro ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas e particulares dos municípios gaúchos de Porto Alegre e Passo Fundo, apresentam-se as problemáticas concernentes ao ensino de literatura na atualidade, recupera-se a trajetória histórica do ensino da disciplina, investiga-se sua abordagem em documentos oficiais (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio, Orientações Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio e Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio) e, de modo especial, analisam-se, quantitativa e qualitativamente, as questões de literatura presentes nas provas do Enem realizadas entre 1998 e 2013. Revela-se, com base nos dados levantados, uma tendência a ser combatida, haja vista a gradual perda de espaço da disciplina no exame – e, consequentemente, nos currículos escolares –, a negligência das especificidades do texto literário e a excessiva valorização da leitura funcional, entre outros aspectos. Finalmente, analisam-se as consequências, para o ensino de literatura nas escolas, da adoção dos preceitos arrolados em documentos oficiais e do Enem como processo seletivo nacional e, por meio de uma concepção que privilegia a leitura cultural em detrimento da abordagem do texto literário em sua vertente funcional, evocam-se, conforme concepções de Candido, Ceia, Colomer, Fischer, Giardinelli, Todorov, Yunes, Zilberman, entre outros, os valores implicados na difusão da tradição literária.This is an intervention study that discusses the crisis which threatens the “right to literature” (expression used by Antonio Candido, a renowned theoretician in Brazilian Literature) in schools regarding the process of devaluing literature as a school subject. In later years, it has been formally removed as an area of knowledge from the secondary school curriculum, in current educational reforms. Additionally, there is a growing tendency to an imposition of Enem (Brazilian Portuguese acronym that stands for Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio; in English, National Secondary Education Examination) as the virtually sole admission test for enrollment in universities in Brazil. This thesis is comprised of different instruments which aimed at verifying reading abilities, as well as the results of a field research done with secondary school seniors from public and private schools in Porto Alegre and Passo Fundo (cities in the south of Brazil). This study presents the historical path of the teaching of literature in Brazil and identifies problems concerning the current teaching of this subject by investigating the way it is approached in official documents (National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education, Supplementary Orientations to the National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education and National Curriculum Orientations for Secondary Education). Additionally, questions about literature extracted from Enem tests from 1998 to 2013 were subject to quantitative and qualitative analyzes. The data show a tendency to be countered: the gradual loss of ground of the subject in the admission exam – and, as a consequence, in school curricula –, as well as the neglecting of the literary text specificities and the overvaluation of functional reading, inter alia. Finally, this thesis analyzes the consequences of the adoption of the aforementioned official documents precepts and of Enem as a national college admission exam, and adopts a standpoint which privileges cultural reading (to the detriment of a functional approach to the literary text) and the values implied in the dissemination of the literary tradition (according to concepts by Candido, Ceia, Colomer, Fischer, Giardinelli, Todorov, Yunes, Zilberman and others).
Esta investigación se constituye en un trabajo de intervención: se propone discutir la crisis que amenaza, según expresión utilizada por Antonio Candido, el “derecho a la literatura” en aula, o sea, el proceso de desvalorización de la literatura como asignatura escolar en Brasil, formalmente retirada como área de conocimiento del currículo de enseñanza media a partir de las reformas educacionales realizadas en los últimos años y de la imposición del “Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem)” como el único examen de ingreso universitario en el país. A partir de la exposición de los resultados de distintos instrumentos que pretenden verificar habilidades lectoras y de un estudio de campo realizado con alumnos del tercer año de la enseñanza media de escuelas públicas y privadas de los municipios de Porto Alegre y Passo Fundo (ambos de Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil), se presentan las problemáticas concernientes a la enseñanza de literatura en la actualidad, se recupera la trayectoria histórica de la enseñanza de la asignatura, se investiga su enfoque en documentos oficiales (“Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio”, “Orientações Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio” y “Orientações Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Médio”) y, de manera especial, se analizan, desde el punto de vista cuantitativo y cualitativo, las cuestiones de literatura presentes en las pruebas de “Enem” realizadas entre 1998 y 2013. Se revela, a partir de los datos obtenidos, una tendencia que debe ser combatida, en vista de la gradual pérdida de espacio de la asignatura en dicho examen – y, consecuentemente, en los currículos escolares –, la negligencia de las especificidades del texto literario y la excesiva valoración de la lectura funcional, entre otros aspectos. Finalmente, se analizan las consecuencias, para la enseñanza de literatura en las escuelas, de la adopción de los preceptos listados en documentos oficiales y de “Enem” como proceso selectivo nacional y, a partir de una concepción que privilegia la lectura cultural en detrimento del enfoque del texto literario en su vertiente funcional, se evocan, según concepciones de Candido, Ceia, Colomer, Fischer, Giardinelli, Todorov, Yunes, Zilberman, entre otros, los valores implicados en la difusión de la tradición literaria.
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Chrifi, Alaoui Meriem. « High Frequency Ultrasonic Device development for Non-Destructive Post-Irradiation Examination of the RHF Fuel Element ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS055/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les prochaines plaques combustibles faiblement enrichies des réacteurs HPRR devront résister à de hautes radiations et dévoileront probablement un gonflement. Ce dernier modifie la structure et influence la distance inter-plaque nominale. La mesure de cette distance à l'ordre micrométrique constitue l'objectif du projet PERSEUS via le développement d'un dispositif ultrasonore non-destructif. Réduit à 1 mm pour s'insérer dans l'interstice inter-plaque de 1.8 mm du Réacteur à Haut Flux (RHF), le dispositif comprend deux transducteurs ultrasonores reliés à un système électronique. Il permet les mesures de temps de vol et de vitesse ultrasonore. La faisabilité de mesure précédemment prouvée, des optimisations de la chaîne de mesure et du traitement du signal ont été intégrées, induisant une nouvelle génération de dispositif. Un banc motorisé a été développé et a permis des mesures de reproductibilité précises à 500 nm. La reproductibilité de résistance aux radiations, expérimentée à l'Institut Arc-Nucléart, a démontré la stabilité des dispositifs sous 3500 kGray. De plus, une expérience de mesure de distance inter-plaque sur l'élément combustible du RHF a permis les mesures de position verticale, de distance inter-plaque et de température avec 1 µm de précision d'épaisseur du canal d'eau. Une étude de faisabilité de focalisation des ondes est prévue pour analyser les plaques en profondeurThe future HPRR LEU fuel plates will have to withstand aggressive irradiations leading to a swelling phenomenon. This latter induces structure modifications and impacts the initial inter-plate distance. This distance is investigated, under the access and microscopic resolution constraints, within the PERSEUS Project aiming the development of a non-destructive ultrasonic device. With a thickness of 1 mm to be inserted into the 1.8 mm water channel width of the High flux Reactor (RHF), the device relies upon two ultrasonic transducers connected to an electronic system. It allows time of flight and ultrasonic velocity estimations. The feasibility being already proved, optimizations on components of the measurement chain and signal processing have led to a new device. A developed motorized bench has allowed reproducibility measurements with a 500 nm resolution. Then, a reproducibility devices' radiation resistance experiment, carried out in the Arc-nucleart Institute, demonstrated their parameters stability under 3500 kGray. Experiments were also realized on the RHF fuel element where vertical position, distance and temperature were evaluated, with a 1 µm precision on channel gap thickness. Future works will explore waves ability to be focused in the depth of the plates
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Murtaza, Ghulam. « Unfairness and stress at work : an examination of two competing approaches : organizational justice and effort reward imbalance ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0066/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’injustice au travail engendre des émotions négatives chez les employés, ces émotions influencent les résultats du travail. Cette recherche vise à mettre en évidence cette perspective en utilisant deux approches théoriques alternatives de l’injustice au travail : La justice organisationnelle et le déséquilibre effort-récompense ainsi que leurs conséquences sur les deux différents échantillons. Basé sur une étude transversale, ce travail compare la justice organisationnelle et le déséquilibre effort-récompense en examinant les perceptions de l’injustice par les employés et leurs relations aux rendements au travail au Pakistan (N=583) et en France (N=241). En plus, nous examinons les effets modérateurs des valeurs humaines sur la relation entre l’injustice au travail et le rendement. Cependant, les résultats de l'analyse de la régression hiérarchique révèlent que les deux modèles théoriques de l’injustice (la justice organisationnelle et le déséquilibre effort-récompense) étaient positivement liés à l'épuisement lié au travail et à l'intention de départ, et négativement liés à l'engagement organisationnel, et au comportement au travail. Nous avons démontré que les valeurs humaines et la sensibilité à l’équité modèrent la relation entre l’injustice et les conséquences du stress dans les deux échantillons. Nous avons aussi abordé notre contribution à la littérature existante, les multiples implications managériales et les pistes de recherchesUnfairness at work often causes in inducing negative emotions among employees that influence their work outcomes or strains. In this research, we seek to advance this perspective by using two alternative theoretical models of unfairness at work: organizational (in)justice and effort-reward imbalance and its consequences on two different samples of employees. Based on cross-sectional two different samples this study offered a comparison between organizational (in)justice and effort-reward imbalance in examining employees' unfair perceptions and their relationships to work outcomes in Pakistan (N=583) and in France (N=241).Further, this research examined the moderating effects of personal human values and equity sensitivity between the relationships of unfairness at work and outcomes. However, results of hierarchical regression analysis revealed that both theoretical models of unfairness (organizational (in)justice and effort-reward imbalance) were positively related to job-burnout, turnover intention whereas negatively related to organizational commitment, employees’ performance, and employees in role behavior. We also found that personal human values and equity sensitivity moderated the relationship between unfairness and stress outcomes in both samples. Contribution towards the existing literature, managerial implications, and future research direction was also discussed
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Mehta, Clare M. « An examination of factors contributing to adolescents' proportion of same-sex friends ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4853.
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Gould, Christine E. « An examination of worry and emotion regulation in older and younger adults ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5923.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 73 p. : col. ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-59).
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Giroux, Garry B. « The condition of grave necessity warranting sacramental sharing with members of Western ecclesial communities an examination of post-conciliar documents from the 1967 Ecumenical directory through the 1993 Ecumenical directory / ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Vannier-Nitenberg, Christiane. « La recherche-action au service de l’examen périodique de santé senior ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10190/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La longévité est un enjeu majeur des prochaines décennies. La conséquence de cette longévité est l’émergence des maladies chroniques. Il est aujourd’hui admis que le vieillissement individuel est fortement influencé par des variables biologiques, psychologiques, environnementales et sociales. La prévention commence à la naissance pour se poursuivre tout au long de la vie. C’est pourquoi, une consultation de prévention à des moments clés du parcours de vie notamment au moment de la retraite est largement conseillée. Notre travail de doctorat a consisté, grâce à la mise en place de plusieurs recherches-actions dans les Centres d’examens de santé de l’Assurance maladie, à documenter par la preuve scientifique, démarche qui rejoint celle de l’Evidence-Based Medecine, la construction d’un examen périodique de santé dédié aux séniors. Les recherches-actions ont concerné trois problématiques de santé publique des personnes âgées que sont la chute, les troubles cognitifs et la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge. Chaque recherche-action a apporté sa contribution à la construction de cet examen de santé senior : une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques des chuteurs avec élaboration d’un score prédictif de chute et de stratégies de prise en charge de ce risque, des outils simples de repérage des troubles cognitifs légers, un dépistage de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge via la télémédecine. D’autres thématiques de santé seront à explorer mais les Centres d’examens de santé se positionnent d’ores et déjà, comme des acteurs déterminants de la prise en charge des populations vieillissantesThe increase of life expectancy is a major issue to face in the decades to come. A consequence of this increasing life expectancy is the emergence of chronic diseases. It is now acknowledged that individual ageing is strongly influence by biological, psychological, environmental and social variables. Prevention begins at birth and continues throughout life. It is for this reason, that a prevention consultation at certain key moments in life, such as at retirement, is strongly advised. Our doctorate work consisted of documenting the setup of periodic health examinations dedicated to seniors. This was supported by scientific proof provided by carrying out many action researches in the Health Examination centres of French Health Insurance, an approach similar to ‘Evidence Based Medicine’. The action researches were directed towards three main public health issues amongst the elderly which include falling, memory cognitive impairment and macular degeneration related to age. Each action research contributed to the establishment of this health examination for seniors. Indeed, now there is a better recognition of characteristics amongst seniors who have suffered falls thanks to the development of a tool which gives a predictive score a falling, and in turn action strategies. In addition, there is a tool to spot and identify mild cognitive impairment and screening for macular degeneration related to age through the use of telemedicine. Other health topics will need to be explored but French Health Examination Centres already position themselves as responsible decisive actors for the ageing population
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Filipova, Marina. « Étude des altérations du comportement auditif chez l'enfant avec autisme : mise au point d'un nouvel instrument d'évaluation, l'échelle EACAA-E (Échelle Altérations Comportement Auditif Autisme Enfant) ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB235/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'autisme est un trouble envahissant du développement qui affecte toutes les fonctions sensorielles, perceptives, cognitives, communicatives, émotionnelles et relationnelles de l'enfant. S'appuyant sur la triade symptomatique autistique (altération qualitative des interactions sociales, altération qualitative de la communication et de l'imagination, caractère restreint, répétitif et stéréotypé des comportements, des centres d'intérêts et des activités), la définition de l'autisme de l'enfant a longtemps exclu les particularités sensorielles dont attestent pourtant à la fois les personnes avec autisme et les études scientifiques. Le DSM-5 a aujourd'hui réparé cet oubli. Actuellement si ces dysfonctionnements auditifs peuvent être identifiés par le clinicien à l'aide d'outils diagnostiques ou comportementaux validés, à notre connaissance, il n'existe pas d'outil spécifique pour les évaluer. Le premier objectif de cette recherche est d'élaborer une échelle d'Évaluation des Altérations du Comportement Auditif Autisme - Enfant (EACAA-E) utilisable par les cliniciens dans des situations d'examen de l'enfant avec TSA et qui présentent les qualités métrologiques nécessaires pour un usage en pratique clinique et en recherche. Le second objectif est de montrer que les altérations du comportement auditif chez des enfants avec TSA seraient une composante particulière de l'autisme, puis qu'indépendantes du degré de sévérité de l'autisme et du degré de sévérité du retard mental. Cinquante enfants et adolescents avec troubles du spectre de l'autisme et d'âge réel compris entre 2 ans et 18 ans sont recrutés dans des services de soins médico-psychologiques (Pédopsychiatrie, CAMSP) et inclus dans la recherche après consentement de la famille. Le diagnostic d'autisme est effectué à partir des critères du DSM 5 (rétrospectivement pour certains d'entre eux pour qui avait été utilisé initialement le DSM-IV-TR) et l'évaluation quantitative diagnostique est effectuée à l'aide de la CARS, de l'ADOS et de l'ADI-R. Le développement intellectuel et psychologique et le degré de sévérité du retard mental sont évalués à l'aide de tests appropriés (PEP 3, EDEI-R, BECS). L'échelle l'EACAA-E est une échelle originale qui a fait l'objet d'une première étude (Master recherche) et d'une première analyse psychométrique (Filipova et al. 2014) qui a abouti à sa forme définitive : l'échelle comporte 24 items couvrant 7 dimensions de la sensorialité auditive (bizarrerie, fascination, paradoxe, inconfort, hypoesthésie, hyperesthésie, difficulté). La cotation des items (de 0 à 4) permet de calculer un score global et un score par dimension. L'observation des comportements auditifs de l'enfant est réalisée au cours d'un examen psychologique du développement de la cognition et de la communication. Cet examen peut être enregistré. La cotation des items de comportements de l'échelle est réalisée à la fin de la séance par l'examinateur. Une double cotation inter et intra-cotateur est effectuée à partir du document vidéoscopique de l'examen. Les analyses psychométriques indiquent une bonne homogénéité de l'échelle et une bonne fidélité inter et intra-cotateur. L'étude antérieure préliminaire avait aussi montré que l'échelle EACAA-E est sensible aux changements induits par une prise en charge intégrative incluant la T.E.D (Filipova et al. 2014). Ces résultats attestent les qualités métrologiques de l'échelle. Par ailleurs, le score global est corrélé négativement au quotient de développement global, indiquant l'existence d'un lien entre la sévérité du retard mental et l'intensité des altérations du comportement auditif. Par contre, les scores à l'EACAA-E semblent indépendants de la sévérité globale de l'autisme, telle qu'évaluée quantitativement par la CARS. L'EACAA-E apparaît donc comme une échelle clinique francophone pertinente pour l'évaluation des altérations des comportements auditifs chez les enfants présentant un TSAAutism is a pervasive developmental disorder that affects all sensory, perceptual, cognitive, communicative, emotional and relationship to the child. Based on the autistic triad of symptoms (qualitative impairment in social interaction, qualitative impairments in communication and imagination, restricted, repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests and activities), the definition of child's autism has long ruled the sensory characteristics which nevertheless attest to both people with autism and scientific studies. The DSM-5 has now fixed this oversight. Currently if auditory dysfunction can be identified by the clinician using validated diagnostic or behavioral tools, to our knowledge, there is no specific tool to evaluate them. The first objective of this research is to develop the Auditory Behaviour Alterations Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ABAA-C) for use by clinicians in children's exam situations with ASD and having the metrological required for use in clinical practice and research. The second objective is to show that alterations of the auditory behavior in children with ASD would be a particular component of autism, as independent of the degree of severity of autism and the degree of severity of mental retardation. Participant. Fifty children and adolescents with disorders of the autism spectrum and actual age between 2 and 18 years were recruited from medical and psychological care (Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CAMSP) and included in the search after family consent. The diagnosis of autism is made from DSM 5 (retrospectively for some of them who had initially used the DSM-IV-TR) and diagnostic quantitative evaluation is performed using the CARS, the ADOS and ADI-R. The intellectual and psychological development and severity of mental retardation are evaluated using appropriate tests (PEP 3, EDEI-R, SCEB). Measurement'method. The Auditory Behaviour Alterations Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ABAA-C) is an original scale which was the subject of a first study (Master's degree) and a first psychometric analysis (2014 Filipova et al.) Which resulted in its final form: the scale includes 24 items covering seven dimensions of auditory sensory (oddity, fascinating, paradoxical, discomfort, hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia, difficulty). The listing of items (0 to 4) calculates an overall score and a score by dimension. The observation of the child's auditory behavior is made during a psychological examination of the development of cognition and communication. This examination can be registered. Trading on the scale behavior of items is performed at the end of the session by the examiner. A double rating by inter and intra-rater is carried out from the document videoscopic examination. Psychometric analysis indicates good homogeneity of the scale and good reliability inter and intra-rater. Preliminary earlier study also showed that ABAA-C scale is sensitive to changes induced by integrative care including T.E.D (Filipova et al. 2014). These results demonstrate the metrological qualities of the scale. Moreover, the overall score is negatively correlated to the overall development quotient, indicating the existence of a link between the severity of mental retardation and intensity alterations of the auditory behavior. By against and scores to the Auditory Behaviour Alterations Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ABAA-C) appear to be independent of the overall severity of autism, as assessed quantitatively by CARS. The Auditory Behaviour Alterations Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ABAA-C) appears as a relevant francophone clinical scale for assessing alterations in auditory behavior in children with ASD
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Mehta, Clare M. « An examination of collectivist and individualistic young adult women's future goals and their evaluation ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5715.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 162 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-85).
36
Stevens, Sarah B. « An examination of mental health factors related to risk-taking behaviors in children and adolescents ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5839.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 100 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-64).
37
Woodhead, Erin L. « A process examination of the framing effect in younger and older adult medical decision making ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5976.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 114 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-80).
38
Poling, Jennifer L. « An examination of liability, duty, and disclaimers for the pleasure horse industry in West Virginia and other states ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5963.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 74 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).
39
Roy, Alexandre. « Etude du principe d'individualisation en matière pénale ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3054/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le principe d’individualisation de la sanction pénale constitue, aujourd’hui, la pierre angulaire du droit pénal et de la procédure pénale française. Toutefois, un courant de pensée contemporain issu du mouvement américain Law and Economics a émergé progressivement en France. Celui-ci serait le seul à pouvoir apporter une réponse pertinente aux questions juridiques contemporaines, en se fondant sur le pragmatisme et l’efficacité. Cette logique a d’abord investi la procédure pénale, mais le droit de la peine n’y échappe pas. L’efficacité d’une mesure renvoie à un objectif atteint, c’est-à-dire l’absence de réitération d’infractions. Alors, comment l’individualisation de la peine peut-elle permettre d’accroître l’efficacité de la sanction pénale ? En effet, celle-ci doit permettre de rendre la peine équitable pour lui donner du sens. Ainsi, les différents législateurs n’ont eu de cesse de diversifier les mesures pouvant être prononcées par le juge, afin d’accompagner les délinquants et de les ramener à la vie collective. La doctrine considère qu’une peine est plus efficace lorsque le délinquant participe à la mesure ; il est donc possible d’en développer de nouvelles, qui permettront de responsabiliser le délinquant, en s’inspirant des mesures de justice restaurative, et en modifiant le prononcé de la peine. La césure du procès pénal permettrait ainsi de se diriger vers une peine juste, équitable et à la fois individualiséeThe principle of individualization of the punishment establishes, today, the cornerstone of the criminal law and the French criminal procedure. However, a contemporary current of thought from the American movement Law and Economics emerged gradually in France. This current would be the only one able to bring a relevant answer to the contemporary legal issues, basing itself on pragmatism and efficiency. This logic first invested the criminal procedure but the right of the punishment doesn’t escape it. The efficiency of a measure sends back to a reached objective, that is the absence of repetitive offenses. Then, how the sentencing according to the characteristics of the offender can allow to increase the efficiency of the punishment? Indeed, it shall allow the punishment to be fair and to give it meaning. For that purpose, the various legislators never stopped diversifying the measures which can be rendered by the judge to accompany offenders and bring them back in community life. This doctrine considers that a punishment is more effective when the offender takes part in the measure. It is therefore possible to develop new measures allowing to give offenders responsibilities, taking inspiration in measures of restorative justice, and to modify the render of the punishment. The césure of the penal trial would allow to head for a just punishment, fair and personalized
40
Swiger, Wanda S. « Correlation between critical thinking skills and decision making skills in athletic training and the examination of critical thinking differences across the curriculum ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4259.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 122 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-103).
41
Sorby, Janet, et n/a. « ASCIS subject headings and student terminology : the relationship between the subject headings used in manual school library catalogues in New South Wales and the subject access terms generated by NSW Higher School Certificate syllabus documents, textbooks and examination questions ». University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050516.152713.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study was undertaken to investigate the concerns of secondary school teacher-librarians, that the subject headings set down by the Australian Schools Catalogue Information Service (ASCIS) do not cover topics in senior sourses of study. NSW HSC Economics was chosen to test this perception.
Terms were extracted from three textual sources (syllabus, textbook and examination papers) and checked against the subject headings in the ASCIS Subject Headings List. A comparison was made between terms which matched exactly, those which were only partially matched and those which had no match. The linguistic complexity of the term (single-word or multi-word) and the number of textual sources using the term were also taken into account.
The results showed a varying degree of match between textual terms and subject headings. Single-word terms found in more than one textual source were much more likely to be found in the subject headings than those from only one textual source. Multi-word terms were found less frequently than single-word terms, but were also more likely to be found when they came from more than one textual source. There was a large number of partial matches in this group, and these were found to be more general in concept than the textual terms.
Most of the terms were found, but the general nature of the partial matches and the lack of adequate cross references may cause problems in subject analysis and retrieval.
42
Le, Gall Rémi. « L’économie des dispositifs de vérification de l’information : une approche expérimentale ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0014/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’économie des contrats complets prédit qu’au sein d’une relation d’agence d’une organisation productive, en présence d’aléa moral, un dispositif de vérification de l’information permet de répondre à la fois à un problème de coopération entre les individus et à un problème de coordination des activités. Cependant, au lieu de discipliner des comportements opportunistes, ce dispositif peut engendrer des coûts cachés et réduire la motivation intrinsèque des agents à réaliser une activité qui leur a été attribuée. Sous certaines conditions, il génère une réduction de l’activité, et une perte en termes d’allocation ce qui nuit à l’efficacité.Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous avons conduit trois expérimentations contrôlées de terrain avec assignation aléatoire qui visaient à modifier les configurations du dispositif de vérification de l’information afin de résoudre un problème organisationnel propre à trois relations d’agence particulières.Dans notre premier chapitre, nous avons testé l’effet de la variation de la quantité d’informations détenues par les cotisants sur le dispositif de vérification de la déclaration sociale grâce à des messages ciblés contenant des explications sur le pouvoir de contrôle de l’Agence centrale des organismes de sécurité sociale (Acoss) afin de réduire la fraude sociale.Dans notre deuxième chapitre, nous avons testé la réduction de l’intensité de la surveillance électronique de la performance des conseillers d’un centre d’appels sous-traitants afin d’améliorer leur qualité de vie au travail.Enfin, dans notre troisième chapitre, nous avons testé l’effet de la négociation contractuelle du dispositif d’évaluation de la participation des étudiants de licence pendant les travaux dirigés afin d’améliorer leur réussite à l’universitéEconomics of complete contracts foresees that within an agency relationship of a productive organization, in the presence of moral hazard, an information check device can address both a problem of cooperation between individuals and a problem of coordination of activities. However, instead of disciplining opportunistic behaviours, this device can generate hidden costs and reduce the intrinsic motivation of agents to perform an activity that has been assigned to them. Under certain conditions, it generates a reduction of the outcome, and a loss in terms of allocation, which is detrimental to efficiency.In this Ph.D. thesis, we conducted three randomized controlled field trials that aimed at modifying the configurations of the information check device to solve an organizational problem specific to three specific agency relationships.In our first chapter, we tested the effect of varying the amount of information held by contributors on the social reporting verification device through targeted messages containing explanations of the control power of the Agence centrale des organisations de sécurité sociale (Acoss) in order to reduce social fraud.In our second chapter, we tested the reduction in the intensity of the electronic monitoring of the performance of advisors of an outsourced call centre in order to improve their quality of life at work.Finally, in our third chapter, we tested the effect of the contractual negotiation of the device which evaluate the participation of undergraduate students during the tutorials in order to improve their success at the university
43
Bertoni, Cren Nadia. « La sculpture sur bois polychrome des XIe et XIIe siècles en Bourgogne ». Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL030/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le corpus de sculptures romanes en bois de la région de Bourgogne est réuni pour la première fois dans un catalogue, complété par une documentation photographique et bibliographique. Les vingt-cinq sculptures répertoriées sont étudiées du point de vue stylistique, iconographique, technique. Au XIIe siècle, une véritable école de sculpture en bois monastique semble se déployer dans les limites du duché de Bourgogne, à l’origine d’une grande variété d’apports formels et techniques. Les sculptures les plus représentatives pour la compréhension des nombreux apports sont étudiées dans le détail. Leurs relations stylistiques avec les manuscrits de la renaissance carolingienne, la sculpture ottonienne et la sculpture monumentale contemporaine en pierre sont indiquées par l’analyse des caractéristiques internes qui distinguent les différents langages formels. La description iconographique montre la dénotation précise avec laquelle le sujet sacré est figuré. Les procédés techniques de création sont comparés par l’examen direct des sculptures, et par la récolte des données disponibles. Pour plusieurs œuvres, de nouvelles datations sont proposées ; des sculptures inédites et des artistes précis sont mis en lumière. Les apports de la sculpture sur bois de la région auvergnate sont précisés. La tradition des reliques insérées dans les sculptures est vérifiée par rapport au rôle plus ou moins significatif qu’elle peut avoir dans l’élaboration de la forme. Un chapitre est consacré à la méthodologie de l’étude de la polychromie des sculptures en bois. Les conservateurs-restaurateurs sont investis d’un rôle crucial dans la collecte scientifique des données qui témoignent de l’histoire des techniques artistiques. Des propositions pour améliorer les procédures d’examen et de documentation sont avancéesFor the first time, the corpus of Roman wood sculptures from Burgundy is gathered together in a catalogue, with added photographic documents and bibliography. The twenty-five sculptures are listed and studied from a stylistic, iconographic and technical point of view. In the XIIth century, an actual school of monastic wood sculpture seemed to develop within the boundaries of the duchy of Burgundy, bringing a great diversity as far as formal and technical contributions are concerned. The sculptures that are the most representative to help the understanding of those numerous contributions are thoroughly studied. Their stylistic relationships with manuscripts dating back from the Carolingian Renaissance, with the Ottonian sculpture and the contemporary monumental stone sculpture, are pointed out with the analysis of internal characteristics, setting apart different formal languages. The iconographic description shows the specific denotation used in the representation of the holy character. The technical processes of creation are compared through the direct examination of the sculptures and through the collection of usable information. For several pieces, a new dating was suggested; new sculptures and specific artists are brought to notice.The contributions of the wood sculpture from the Auvergne region are specified. The tradition of inserting relics into sculptures is put in relation to the relatively important influence it can have on the building of the shape. One chapter is dedicated to the methodology in the study of wood sculptures’ polychromes. The conservators-restorers play a crucial part in the act of scientifically collecting information attesting the evolution of artistic techniques. Some suggestions are put forward to improve the processes of examination and the collecting of information
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Kushlaf, Najah. « Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage ». Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse proposent une aide à la décision pour améliorer la qualité de l’apprentissage. L’apprentissage scolaire englobe deux dimension; une dimension humaine et une dimension pédagogique. La dimension humaine inclut l’apprenant et l’enseignant. La dimension pédagogique, représentée par le programme fixé par l’établissement éducatif, correspond au savoir. Ce dernier va se transformer en connaissance chez l’apprenant. Les deux notions de connaissance et savoir sont donc tout à fait différentes. La distance entre les deux représente la distance entre ce que l’enseignant présente (le savoir) et ce que l’apprenant acquière (la connaissance). La qualité de l’apprentissage concerne les apprenants qui vont à l’école pour acquérir le savoir. En fait, apprendre consiste à intérioriser le savoir. Cette intériorisation demande des efforts pour un changement intellectuel persévérant et exige une continuité basée sur les expériences antérieures. L’acquisition du savoir et sa transformation en connaissance par l’apprenant sont influencées par plusieurs facteurs qui interviennent positivement ou négativement sur la quantité et la qualité de cette connaissance. Il peut résider chez l’apprenant une confusion entre les deux notions qui peut l’amener à valoriser ou ignorer sa connaissance. Le processus de construction des connaissances par le savoir diffusé exige une constante mise en œuvre de procédures d’évaluation. Le processus d’évaluation apprécie alors la structure de la connaissance pour prendre des décisions destinées à la faire évoluer. Cependant, lors d’une évaluation, la confusion entre connaissance et savoir peut amener l’apprenant à valoriser le score, négligeant ainsi le regard qu’il pourrait porter sur les processus de transformation des connaissances au profit d’une restitution la plus fidèle possible du savoir. Cette confusion peut être mise en évidence pourvu que l’évaluation intègre une dimension processuelle. Dès lors, l’évaluation peut être mieux associée à des actions d’amélioration et de transformation des connaissances. L’évaluation peut alors être abordée dans une logique d’aide à la décision. Dans ce travail nous montrerons donc qu’une situation d’apprentissage s’apparente à une situation d’aide à la décisionThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
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Leroy, Aude. « Patientez en prison. La construction des itinéraires carcéraux en centre de détention ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN061/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Selon le droit de l'exécution des peines, un éventail de mesures judiciaires permet de déplacer un détenu vers l’extérieur des murs, de manière temporaire ou pérenne. Il s’agit d’un ensemble assez flou, appelé aménagements de peine. Un paradigme dominant des politiques publiques enjoint à favoriser les demandes de ces mesures de la part des détenus condamnés. L’idée est d’organiser des voies progressives de sortie. Les acteurs professionnels de la prison et de la justice s’accordent à considérer qu’il s’agit de la meilleure transition entre le dedans et le dehors. Pourtant, l’obtention d’une mesure telle que la libération conditionnelle ou la semi-liberté relève d’un processus très sélectif. Les professionnels enrôlés dans ces activités décisionnelles tiennent compte d’ordres de considérations contradictoires polarisées par, d’un côté, l’idéal de la réhabilitation du condamné, et, d’un autre côté, les préoccupations concernant la récidive. Il en résulte des dilemmes, et un chemin exigeant pour le condamné. Ces exigences, les professionnels leur donnent un sens, ils les transforment en épreuve traversée par un détenu singulier. Cette thèse prend pour objet la manière dont le justiciable, candidat à un aménagement de peine, se voit engagé à suivre un programme institutionnel, un curriculum de la réinsertion. Au cours de cette épreuve, le détenu est conduit à se rapprocher des attentes qui s’expriment à son égard, d’un schéma du bon candidat à ’aménagement de peine. Les gages qu’il doit présenter « enveloppent » tout ce qui fait une personne : gages d’insertion socio-économique, mais aussi gages d’une amélioration de son for intérieur, de son intimité psychique. Ces critères sont objectivés, notamment, par les expertises psychiatriques. Or, d’une manière ou d’une autre, l’ensemble des acteurs professionnels en prison, et même les bénévoles, sont mis à contribution dans ce projet institutionnel, qui prétend considérer comment le détenu a “évolué” en tant que personne. La thèse décrit cette économie morale : les relations de travail sous-tendues, en prison, par une politique pénale qui tend à gouverner les détenus en les enrôlant dans un programme dont on considère qu’il doit être voulu par le justiciableAccording to the law, a range of judicial measures allows to move a prisoner towards the outside of walls, in a temporary or long-lasting way. It is called sentencing reductions. One paradigm dominating public policies orders to favor the requests of these measures on behalf of the condemned prisoners. The idea is to organize progressive ways of release. The professional actors of the prison and the justice agree to consider that it is about the best transition between inside and the outside. Nevertheless, the obtaining of a measure such as the release on parole or the relative freedom is a matter of a very selective process. The professionals enlisted in these decision-making activities take into account orders of contradictory considerations polarized by, on one side, the ideal of the rehabilitation of the condemned person, and, on the other hand, the concerns concerning the recidivism. It results from it dilemmae, and demanding path for the condemned person. These requirements, the professionals give them a sense. They transform them into an meaningfull experience crossed by a singular prisoner. This dissertation takes for object the way the citizen, who applies to a sentencing reduction, get committed to follow an institutional program, a curriculum of the reintegration. During these hardships, the prisoner is driven to get closer to expectations which express themselves towards him/her. He is led into a plan of the good candidate for the sentencing reduction. The wages which he has to present "wrap" all which makes a person: wages of socioeconomic insertion, but also wages of an improvement of its heart of hearts, its psychic intimacy. These criteria are objectified, in particular, by psychiatric examinations. Yet, somehow or other, all the professional actors in prison, and even the volunteers, are put in contribution in this institutional project, which claims to consider how the prisoner "evolved". The dissertation describes this moral economy: the tend to govern the prisoners by enlisting them in a program of which we consider that they must desire to get hired into the programm
46
Chen, Yi-Ting. « Female politicians in the media Hillary Rodham Clinton and Hsiu-Lien Lu : an examination of patriarchal and feminist word usage in political news : case analyses of The Post-standard (Syracuse, NY) and China times (Taiwan) / ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4599.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 48 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-48).
47
Poole, Daniel H. « Development of the West Virginia Dairy Quality Assurance Program Effects of mammary gland hair removal by flame-clipping on milk quality ; Examination of seminal plasma and transforming growth factor-beta 1 on conception rates of artificially inseminated cattle / ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formated into pages; contains 1 v. (various pagings). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
48
Elatafy, Sherif. « La responsabilité des centres d'arbitrage ». Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3013/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les litigants sollicitent les centres d’arbitrage pour diriger l’arbitrage dans toutes ses phases afin de donner une garantie supplémentaire qui assure la validité de la sentence arbitrale. Compte tenu du rôle important que les centres d’arbitrage jouent pendant l’instance arbitrale, les litigants mécontents de la sentence arbitrale ou du jugement annulant la sentence tentent d’engager la responsabilité du centre d’arbitrage dès lors qu’il a surveillé, dirigé et participé au rendu de la sentence.De plus en plus la responsabilité des centres d’arbitrage est mise en cause devant les juridictions étatiques différentes, les fonctions et les pouvoirs exercés par les centres d’arbitrage ainsi que le régime de responsabilité leur est applicable font l’objet d’une attention critique de la part de la doctrine dans plusieurs systèmes juridiques. On s’interroge sur l’origine des rapports qui lient les centres d’arbitrage aux autres acteurs de l’arbitrage, sur les obligations et les pouvoirs conférés aux centres d’arbitrage, et sur les fonctions exercées par les centres d’arbitrage pour établir enfin un régime de responsabilité homogène et pertinent à l’égard des fonctions exercées par les centres d’arbitrage qui a une vocation à s’appliquer dans la majorité des systèmes juridiquesParties to arbitration seek arbitral institutions to administrate their arbitration in order to have an extra guarantee that ensures the validity of the arbitral award. Given the role that arbitral institutions play during the arbitral procedure, parties unsatisfied either by the arbitral award or the annulment of the award tend to claim the liability of arbitral institution for the awards it had supervised, administered and participated in.The more the allegations of liability raise against the arbitral institutions before courts, the more the issue of arbitral institutions’ functions, powers and liability becomes controversial in different jurisdictions. Therefore, the present study tends to clarify the origin of the relationship existing between arbitral institutions and other parties involved in the arbitration at issue, the duties and powers assigned to the arbitral institutions and the functions performed by the arbitral intuitions, which helps eventually in establishing a kind of liability that complies with the functions performed by the arbitral institutions and can be applied in many jurisdictions
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Margaine, Clément. « La capacité pénale ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40036/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Définie à l’origine comme l’aptitude à la sanction, la capacité pénale peut s’entendre plus largement comme résumant l’ensemble des aptitudes subjectives, c’est-à-dire propres au délinquant, indispensables à l’engagement et à la sanction de sa responsabilité pénale. Ces aptitudes sont de deux ordres. L’aptitude à l’infraction et l’aptitude à l’imputation de cette infraction conditionnent le jugement de responsabilité et contribuent à en assurer la dimension morale. L’aptitude à la sanction ou capacité pénitentiaire joue un rôle plus original puisqu’elle apparaît comme le fondement de la personnalisation de la peine, permettant d’adapter la sanction pénale à la personnalité et aux besoins de celui qui doit la subirOriginally defined as the capacity to be punished, criminal capacity can be understood more widely as summarizing mental abilities that are required for criminal responsibility. Some are needed to commit the offense, others for criminal responsibility but both ensure the moral meaning of criminal law. Applied to the penalty, criminal capacity can be used to adapt the sentence to the personality and needs of those who must endure it
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Kardimis, Théofanis. « La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce) ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’AréopageThe first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights